Journal articles: 'Health aspects of Aircraft accidents'

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Aritonang, Sovian, Hendro Yulieanto, and Deni Dadang Ahmad Rajab. "SPATIAL DISORIENTATION TRAINING TO SUPPORT FLYING SAFETY IN INDONESIAN AIR FORCE." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i2.794.

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<p>The magnitude of aircraft accidents due to the spatial disorientation (SD) experienced by the aircrew has encouraged efforts to provide optimum training to prevent and minimize those unexpected accidents. In their publication, USAF has stated that SD had caused 15-69% of their aircraft fatal accidents. This study aims to determine the extent of which the SD training program in Aerophysiological Indoctrination and exercise (ILA) of the Indonesian Air Force has been carried out effectively, making it useful for the crew to prevent accidents. The main focus of the study is to analyze the willingness of aircraft crew; leadership support policy, simulator tool condition, and qualification of instructors. This research designed to use a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collections obtained through depth interviews involving Indonesian Air Force aircrews, aviation health experts, instructors officer of Health Service of Indonesian Air Force, and also through the search of publication and related documents. The results show that there are still many aspects required more attention from the Indonesian Air Force authorities; insufficient simulator facilities that are too old and out of Job, inadequate software as the basis of the implementation of the training program, the limited .qualifications of training instructors, and lack of support from higher commands.</p>

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Konieczny, Marcin. "Air Accidents over Water — Selected Forensic Aspects." Internal Security 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2270.

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Aviation is one of the safest means of transport. Despite increasing amounts of money being spent on safety, this mode of transport is not free from incidents and disasters. The article considers the issue of aviation accidents as a result of which the aircraft has sunk in a body of water. The events of recent years involving the aircraft Air France Flight 447 (Airbus 330-203,2009), Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (Boeing 777, 2014) and a military aircraft of the Russian Federation (Tu-154, 2016), show that aviation is not free from this kind of tragic disaster. One important aspect in such situations is that proper and immediate search and rescue operations are undertaken (i.e. SAR or CSAR). Due to the nature of the location of the event, which is a body of water, the course of procedural and forensic activities differs from the traditional mode of conduct. The algorithm for examination of the scene begins with finding and securing the flight data recorder (i.e. the black box). The methodology for examination in the case of an event in an aquatic environment is non-standard. The actions themselves, including visual examination, cannot be carried out by the specialist but only indirectly by suitably qualified divers or scuba divers. Also, the aquatic environment itself demands that all activities are carried out immediately. Any delay may entail the bodies of victims, material evidence or structural parts being moved by water currents, which in turn can distort the picture of the scene itself. Only after recovery of human bodies and evidence to on board a vessel or ashore is it possible to carry out the necessary forensic examination. In the case of air accidents it is necessary, among others, to determine the number of people involved and the disposition of their bodies, to collect evidence and establish the critical moment of the incident. The preservation of the bodies of victims and material evidence recovered from the water involves special treatment. In this type of event it is possible to use the so-called new technologies in the form of unmanned craft (i.e. underwater drones).

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de Voogt, Alexander J., and Robert R. A. van Doorn. "Sports Aviation Accidents: Fatality and Aircraft Specificity." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 81, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2603.2010.

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Komarov, Alexander, and Nikolay Gromov. "Particular aspects of calculating affecting factors of fireballs emerging from aircraft crash." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102031.

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The article reveals an algorithm of calculating the heat loads which emerge during fireball-involving accidents. By way of illustration it considers a situation when a heavy aircraft crashes in the vicinity of a typical reactor building of a nuclear power plant. The given algorithm provides a quite detailed and accurate calculation of maximum heat load values that accompany the accident.

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Mayou, Richard. "Psychiatric aspects of road traffic accidents." International Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540269209066301.

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Baker, Frank J., and Jacek B. Franaszek. "Lessons from a DC10 Crash, American Airlines, Flight 191, Chicago, Illinois." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065560.

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With the development and deployment of commercial jet aircraft in the mid 1950's, airline travel has become commonplace throughout the world. A rapid increase in the numbers of aircraft, airline routes, and flying time has occurred. New technology has added sophisticated and complicated gear to aircraft and their support systems. Every new system has the potential for failure and to some extent additional components increase the risk of technological breakdown. The increased chance of technological breakdown favors an increase in aircraft accidents. Fortunately, development and utilization of sophisticated redundant electronic and mechanical improvements aimed specifically at improving safety have also occurred. The results of these changes over the past twenty-five years has been a decreasing rate of accidents per mile flown. Due to the tremendous increase in flying, however, the absolute numbers of accidents associated passenger morbidity and mortality have risen (1). For the health care system, the major impact has resulted from the absolute increase in aircrash victims.Aircraft accidents have regularly produced mass casualty incidents with the number of victims ranging from a few to several hundred. Aircraft accidents can be divided into essentially four types: mid-air crashes (so called “hard impact”); crashes on takeoff; crashes on landing; and on-ground accidents (“soft impact”). Mid-air accidents are frequently away from population centers and usually there are no survivors. The medical impact therefore is minimal. Accidents occurring on takeoff, landing, and on the ground, occur at or close to airports, and the nature of the accident is such that there may be many victims (1).

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Vorobуev, V. V., A. P. Beliatskaya, and A. A. Supolka. "Methodic aspects of aircraft glide slope correction for prevention of CFIT category accidents during pre-landing descent." Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-4-33-44.

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Aviation accidents of the category of controlled flight into terrain in world commercial aviation are included into three "killers" in aviation together with loss of control in flight (LOC-I) and runway excursions (RE). As a result of long-term research of this problem the methods of CFIT risk level reduction, pilot training and retraining programs were developed and put into practice. Also several generations of onboard ground proximity or obstacle warning systems were created (GPWS, EGPWS, TAWS), the disadvantage of which is a passive – advisory type of warnings. The conclusions of the commissions concerning the results of aviation accidents investigations indicate the cases of crew disregard of an alarm of a ground proximity warning system and possibility of a go-around procedure to make a missed approach. Despite the aviation community actions, accidents of this category continue to occur. Therefore, search of new methods and solutions of the controlled flight into terrain problem is necessary. One of the possible ways to resolve this problem is making proximity warning systems active and two-mode operative. The first one is some type of warning to the crew about approaching the boundaries of a safe maneuvering area during approach to land as well as the recommendations to avoid a glide path deviation. The second way is that if the crew members don`t take any actions with a warning on or crew actions are not effective enough, it is necessary to regain a glide slope with temporary pilot disengagement from a control loop.

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Uitdewilligen, Sjir, and Alexander Johan de Voogt. "Aircraft Accidents with Student Pilots Flying Solo: Analysis of 390 Cases." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2510.2009.

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Haines, J. A., J. Stevens, R. Visser, M. Younes, P. Kulling, and J. Savelkoul. "93 Joint Activity on Health Aspects of Chemical Accidents." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, S3 (September 1993): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00047816.

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Rodriguez-Trigo, Gema. "Global Aspects and Health Effects of Oil Tanker Accidents." Epidemiology 20 (November 2009): S254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000362850.88019.54.

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Avis, Jillian. "The Social and Psychological Aspects Behind Flight." INvoke 1 (May 4, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/invoke16194.

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There are a variety of psychological, cognitive and social factors that contribute to in-flight interactions between crew members, and in order to achieve optimal communication and safety levels during flight, the concept of Crew Resource Management has become increasingly important. Crew Resource Management refers to effective teamwork that requires both efficient and effective communication of pertinent information between the flight deck, cabin crew members and those not on the aircraft, but responsible for critical flight information and organization. The concept has been adapted from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration workshop in 1979 which identified various factors common amongst aviation accidents, including poor team leadership, failure to adequately delegate tasks and inadequate computer monitoring. Future implications of Crew Resource Management have extended to online training sessions to improve communication, and principles have also expanded into the fields of dentistry and medicine.

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Chaturvedi, Arvind K., Kristi J. Craft, Jeffery S. Hickerson, Paul B. Rogers, and John W. Soper. "Toxicological Findings in Fatally Injured Pilots of 979 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 84, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.3285.2013.

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Ungureanu, Nicolae Stelian, Dinu Daraba, and Roland Iosif Moraru. "Health And Safety In Maintenance Activities." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0052.

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Abstract The paper examines some aspects of health and safety at work in maintenance activities. It was analysed the occurrence of accidents, statistically, in maintenance work. There have been identified a number of causes of accidents and there have been proposed some measures to reduce them.

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Lakhan, Ram, Ranabir Pal, Arushi Baluja, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, and Amit Agrawal. "Important Aspects of Human Behavior in Road Traffic Accidents." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 17, no. 02 (September 2, 2020): 085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713079.

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AbstractWorldwide road traffic accidents have been increasing. Human behaviors and environmental factors are often responsible for such events. This being a serious public health concern, public health interventions are needed to minimize the rate of road traffic accidents. We aimed to identify broader human behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and environmental factors associated with the risk of road traffic accidents. We searched for the relevant studies in electronic database including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and World Health Organization global health library. In addition, a manual search was also performed. Findings from scientific literature were presented in a summative form. Young age, male gender, speed, influence of substance, use of mobile phone, driving experience, temperament, attitude, aggression, stress, anxiety, emotionality, fatigue, lack of sleep, and road conditions were found closely associated with a risk of road traffic accidents. Despite having substantial driving training and ability to handling motor vehicles, professional drivers such as bus and taxi drivers are very vulnerable to road traffic accidents. This study reports that the increasing prevalence of road traffic accidents can be addressed significantly by applying behavior change theories. The health belief model was found useful in promoting safer driving.

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Jeavons, Sue, Kenneth Greenwood, and David Horne. "Reported Consequences Following Road Accidents." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 2 (1996): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96026.

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The literature on the sequelae of road accidents is limited but generally focuses on psychiatric diagnoses. Reported here are the results of a survey that assessed the degree of physical, social and occupational effects, counselling received, and perceptions of treatment of road accident victims, up to two years after the accident. There was a poor response rate and some methodological weaknesses, but results showed that there were marked effects in these aspects of people's lives and that few had received counselling or follow-up.

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Tarnu, Lucian Ioan. "Aspects Concerning The Rules And The Investigation Of Traffic Accidents As Work Accidents." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0048.

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Abstract When Romania joined the European Union, it was imposed that the Romanian legislation in the field of the security and health at work be in line with the European one. The concept of health as it is defined by the International Body of Health, refers to a good physical, mental and social condition. The improvement of the activity of preventing the traffic accidents as work accidents must have as basis the correct and accurate evaluation of risks of getting injured. The goal of the activity of prevention and protection is to ensure the best working conditions, the prevention of accidents and occupational diseases and the adjustment to the scientific and technological progress. In the road transport sector, as in any other sector, it is very important to pay attention to working conditions to ensure a workforce motivated and well qualified. Some features make it a more difficult sector risk management than other sectors. However, if one takes into account how it works in practice this sector and the characteristics of drivers and how they work routinely, risks, dangers and threats can be managed efficiently and with great success.

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Zieja, Mariusz, Henryk Smoliński, and Paweł Gołda. "Information systems as a tool for supporting the management of aircraft flight safety." Archives of Transport 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1185211.

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The article discusses the issue of air traffic safety in the context of aircraft combat readiness. Implemented methodological approaches to ensure security of civil and military aviation depend on the achieved level of safety The article points out selected aspects of data analysis in the field of flight safety gathered in IT systems functioning in civil and military aviation supporting the management of flight safety. Selected aspects of data analysis with different tools influencing the safety of flights are presented. The article also points to the role of the inspection functions and supervision at the stage of execution of normative acts on safety and conduct of flights and the implementation of projects to ensure flight safety. The development of projects firstly preventing air accidents is mentioned as an important action to support flight safety. Increasing level of flight safety in civil and military aviation requires searching for methods to support decisions and actions. The main aim is to develop such methods to support decisions which minimize the risk of errors.

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Albrektsen, S. B., B. M. Henriksen, and J. L. Thomsen. "Fatal Agricultural Accidents." Medicine, Science and the Law 33, no. 4 (October 1993): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300412.

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During the period 1969–1988, 33 victims (30 males and 3 females) of agricultural accidents were autopsied at the University Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen. Five were under the age of 15 years. The median age was 51 years. The most frequent types of accident were machinery accidents (45%), falling from a height (30%) and suffocation, including drowning, (12%). The place of the accident was meadow/field (36%), stable/barn (24%), farmyard (24%) and public road (12%). Severe lesions in all body regions dominated the picture with a preponderance of skull/brain and chest lesions. Skull/brain lesions were found in 80% of the cases of falling from a height, while 87% of the machinery accident cases had severe chest lesions. More effective control of machinery and a data collection system for these accidents are proposed.

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Chernukha, Nikita. "Inclusion of Aircraft Crash into NPP Design Bases and Probabilistic Justification of Loads on Civil Structures and Equipment." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-1-35-47.

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The article is about nuclear power plant (NPP) safety analysis in case of aircraft crash. Specifically, the article considers the following problems: inclusion of aircraft crash into NPP design bases regarding calculation of frequency of an aircraft crash into NPP; aspects of justification of loads on NPP structures, systems and components (SSCs) caused by mechanical action of a primary missile – aircraft fuselage impact. Probabilistic characteristics of such random parameters as frequency of aircraft crash and direction of aircraft trajectory are determined by the results of analysis of world statistics of aviation accidents. Method of calculation of aircraft crash frequency on structures, buildings and NPP as a whole is presented. It takes into account options of accidental and intentional aircraft crashes and various aircraft approach scenarios. Procedure of probabilistic justification of loads on civil structures under aircraft impact is described. The loads are specified so as not to exceed allowable value of failure probability of NPP as a whole. Calculation of failure frequency of civil structures of existing NPP is given as an example to show analysis in case of a crash of an aircraft heavier than considered in NPP design. Procedure of probabilistic justification of dynamic loads on NPP equipment in case of aircraft impact is described. Method of floor response spectra (FRS) calculation with the required non-exceedance probability is given. Probabilistically justified loads in case of intentional aircraft impact (act of terrorism) are also considered. Additionally it is presented how internal forces calculated with the use of FRS with the required non-exceedance probability can be summed to provide analysis of subsystems.

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Gir, Elucir, Jeniffer Caffer Netto, Silmara Elaine Malaguti, Silvia Rita Marin da Silva Canini, Miyeko Hayashida, and Alcyone Artioli Machado. "Accidents with biological material and immunization against hepatitis B among students from the health area." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, no. 3 (June 2008): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000300011.

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Undergraduate students from the health area often handle piercing-cutting instruments in their academic activities, which exposes them to the risk of contracting infections. This study aimed to analyze accidents with biological material among these students. Out of 170 accidents registered, 83 (48.8%) occurred with Dentistry students, 69 (40.6%) with Medical students, 11 (6.5%) with Nursing students and in 06 (3.5%) of the cases there was no such information in the files. Most accidents, 106 (62.4%), occurred with students from private schools and 55 (32.3%) with those from public schools. Percutaneous accidents occurred in 133 (78.2%) exposures and there was immediate search for specialized health care in only 38 (21.3%) accidents. In 127 (74.7%) accidents, the immunization schedule against hepatitis B was complete. Therefore, schools need to offer courses and specific class subjects regarding biosafety measures, including aspects related to immunization, especially the vaccine against hepatitis B.

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Čekanová, Daniela, Žaneta Miženková, Ľubomír Fábry, and Róbert Rozenberg. "Psychological Aspects Operating on the Air Traffic Controller in Reintegration into Action After The Accident." MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 4, no. 20 (October 17, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2016.20.04.

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<span lang="EN-US">The aim of the article is to analyze the psychological aspects of an air traffic controller who controls aircraft, communicates with the crew and encounters the incidents of different nature or even accidents. The work of the air traffic controller requires a high level of responsibility and tension which can often lead to stress and trauma. The first part of this article is highlighting the complexity of the profession and passes to the next section, which explains the context of workload, stress and trauma. Long-term stress and traumatic experience of ATC maybe harmful or contribute to early resignation from work. The selection of suitable candidates and their preparation for the profession of air traffic controller is so demanding that their work and psychological aspects require increased attention from the side of the research.</span>

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Hocking, B., and K. Joyner. "Health Aspects of Radio Frequency Radiation Accidents. PART II: A Proposed Protocol for Assessment of Health Effects in Radio-Frequency Radiation Accidents." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 23, no. 2 (January 1988): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.1988.11688041.

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Knysak, Irene, Rosana Martins, and Carlos R. Bertim. "Epidemiological aspects of centipede (Scolopendromorphae: Chilopoda) bites registered in Greater S. Paulo, SP, Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 32, no. 6 (December 1998): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101998000600003.

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INTRODUCTION: The lack of basic knowledge on venomous arthropods and the benignity of the clinical manifestations contribute to the centipede bite victims' not being taken to a treatment reference center, leading to underestimation of the number of cases and minimizing the possibility of a broader epidemiological view. An inventory of the centipede bite occurrences in Greater S. Paulo, Brazil, and the therapeutic methods employed, by the main Brazilian medical center for the notification of poisoning by venomous animals, is presented. METHOD: All patient cards of the period 1980-1989 have been checked as to place, month and time of occurrence; sex, age, affected part of the body, signs and symptoms have been observed, as well as the therapeutic methods employed. The centipedes that caused the accidents were identified at the Arthropods Laboratory. RESULTS: It was registered 216 accidents, with a 69% predominance of the Greater S. Paulo and in only 63% of the cases (136) was the agent brought in by the victim for identification. The genera most frequently represented were Cryptops (58%), Otostigmus (33%) and Scolopendra (4%). Of the 136 cases, 87% showed erythema, edema, hemorrhage, burns, cephalalgia, and intense pain. There was a predominance of accidents in the warm rainy season, in the morning and for females between 21 and 60 years of age. Hands and feet were the parts of the body most affected. The benign evolution of the clinical picture (54%) made therapeutical treatment unnecessary. Only the victims of Scolopendra and Otostigmus (46%) were medicated with anesthetics (51%), analgesics (25%), antihistamines and cortisone (24%). CONCLUSION: The reproductive period of the centipedes, associated with their sinanthropic habits, contributes to the greater incidence of accidents in urban areas in the warm rainy season. Only patients bitten by Scolopendra and Otostigmus require therapeutical treatment.

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Maslyakov, V. V., Yu E. Barachevsky, O. N. Pavlova, A. V. Pimenov, A. G. Proshin, A. V. Polyakov, and A. A. Pimenova. "Organizational Aspects of Providing Emergency Care to Victims in Road Transportation Accidents with Damage to the Facial Skeleton." Disaster Medicine, no. 2 (June 2021): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2021-2-65-67.

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The aim of the study is to investigate the organizational aspects of providing emergency medical care to victims of road traffic accidents with injuries of the facial skeleton. Materials and research methods. The study included 75 victims of road accidents that occurred in the city of Saratov in 2010–2019. In the total number of injured men – 42 (56.0%), women – 33 (44.0%). The age of the victims is 18–70 years, the average age is (37.5 ± 6.0) years. The study did not include: victims under the age of 18; victims with neck trauma, damage to the cerebral section of the skull and to other parts of the body. All the victims got medical assistance from the personnel of the ambulance brigades. Covering sheets, outpatient cards and medical records were used as primary documentation. Study criteria: time during which the ambulance was provided; who provided emergency medical care; correctness of its rendering. Research results and their analysis. Analysis of injuries to the facial skeleton showed: injuries of the facial skeleton are an actual pathology in victims of road traffic accidents in Saratov; victims of road accidents got open and closed injuries of the facial skeleton. With closed injuries, moderate and severe injuries were found in 23 (30.7%) victims, with open injuries — in 19 (23.3%) victims; majority (90.7%) of victims of road accidents got high-quality emergency medical aid in a timely manner. In 9.3% of cases, the quality of care was insufficient due to an incorrect assessment of severity of the victims’ condition and, as a consequence, due to non-fulfillment of anti-shock measures; scope of the provision of emergency medical care to victims of road accidents included temporary hemostasis, treatment of wounds and anti-shock measures; from the accident site were evacuated: to level III trauma centers — 24.0% of victims; to level II — 48.0; to level I trauma centers — 28.0% of victims; complications in the form of purulent-septic processes were observed in 16.0% of victims; competent and timely implementation of anti-shock measures determined an insignificant mortality rate — 4.0%.

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Distefano, Natalia, and Salvatore Leonardi. "Aircraft runway excursion features: a multiple correspondence analysis." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2017-0244.

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Purpose The risk of aircraft runway excursion, dependent on multiple factors, is related to operating conditions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the correspondence between features belonging to different aspects that occur in runway excursion events, distinguishing between take-off and landing phases. Design/methodology/approach To define the correspondence between the characteristic features of runway excursions, this study has applied multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). MCA is used to represent and model data sets as “clouds” of points in a multi-dimensional Euclidean space. There are five variables used in MCA: geographical region, potential cause, aircraft class, flight nature and aircraft damages. For the purpose of this research, the database contains only runway excursion accidents that took place between 2006 and 2016 among all categories of aircraft in all world regions. The events contained in the database were analyzed by separating those that occurred during take-off and those that occurred during landing. Findings With this method, this study identified a few particularly interesting variable combinations. Generally, the consequence of an aircraft runway excursion is substantial aircraft damage. Also, the most common cause of runway excursion during take-off is aircraft system faults, while during landing, it is weather conditions. Furthermore, the destruction of an aircraft is a result of a runway excursion due to bad weather conditions, both during take-off and landing. Practical implications The results of this study can be used by a broad range of civil aviation organizations for runway risk assessment and to select the most effective safety countermeasures for runway excursions. Originality/value The authors believe this study is original, especially for the statistical analysis method used.

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Hobbs, Mike. "A district framework for managing psychosocial aspects of disaster." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 1, no. 6 (July 1995): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.1.6.176.

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Natural disasters occur infrequently in Europe, but the spate of transportation, crowd and other disasters in the late 1980s challenged our collective denial of potential catastrophe. Greater attention is now given also to the frequent small-scale traumatic events which are just as devastating to the many people affected by them, such as violent assaults and road accidents.

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Worden, Keith, Graeme Manson, and Cecilia Surace. "Aspects of Novelty Detection." Key Engineering Materials 347 (September 2007): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.347.3.

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The object of this paper is to illustrate the use of novelty detection techniques in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) by the consideration of a number of case studies of varying complexity, from a simple lumped-mass system to an FE model of an offshore structure to an experimental study of an aircraft wing.

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Stoica, Florentina Camelia, Irina Soare, and Radu Ștefan Pătru. "Theoretical and practical aspects relating to occupational accidents aboard ships." SWS Journal of SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ART 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/ssa2021/issue1.01.

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This study analyses the theoretical and practical aspects relating to a special category of occupational accidents, more precisely the occupational accidents aboard ships. The International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), while aware of the importance of this topic, has issued the Maritime Labour Convection (MLC 2006) – ratified by Romania through the Law no. 214/2015 - ensuring the legal framework for maritime personnel by taking into account the special labour conditions thereof. On the internal level, a series of regulations in the Romanian law provide a legal framework in this matter. Among these, we may mention the Guide of March 19, 2018 for the safe management and health protection of seafarers aboard the ships flying the Romanian flag, a document bringing important regulations in this field. In this study we will also present the jurisprudential issues regarding the occupational accidents aboard ships which, together with the theoretical approach, will lead conclusions relating to the relevant regulations in the internal law.

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Yan, Mingwei, Wentao Chen, Jianhao Wang, Mengmeng Zhang, and Liang Zhao. "Characteristics and Causes of Particularly Major Road Traffic Accidents Involving Commercial Vehicles in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 3878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083878.

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Major accidents occurred frequently in the road transportation industry, and the resulting harm to drivers, property loss, and traffic interruption are very serious. This study investigated 11 particularly major accidents involving commercial vehicles in China, and performed analysis on accident characteristics regarding the time, location, types of vehicles, and accident causation at different levels based on the 24Model. Large buses and dangerous goods vehicles were involved in 10 accidents and they all occurred on a freeway. The months from May to August, especially during the time periods of 2:00–4:00 and 14:00–16:00 every day, were the most prone to accidents. The driver’s speeding and fatigued driving, and vehicle failure were the direct causes of most of the accidents. The defects in organizational safety management involved 12 system elements, such as safety accountability, education and training, etc. Procedures are of no use if they were not followed, and there was often no effective process to assess the implementation of procedures in many organizations. The weaknesses in organizational safety culture were the source of accidents, which was mainly manifested in members’ inadequate cognition of key elements in the aspects of safety importance, safety commitment, safety management system, etc. Understanding the characteristics and root causes of accidents can help to prevent the recurrence of similar mistakes and strengthen preventative measures in road transportation enterprises.

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Brizga, Dace, and Ludis Pēks. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NON-OBSERVANCE OF WORK SAFETY REGULATIONS." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (July 24, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol2.661.

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Non-observance of work safety regulations contribute to the worsening of employees’ health condition, development of occupational diseases and the increase of the possibility of accidents. Accidents happen because they have definite causes – the attitude of employers and employees towards work safety. The aim of this study was to research the psychological aspects of non-observance of work safety regulations from the work safety specialists’ point of view. The methodology of research – studies of publications pertaining to the research theme, unstructured observations, analysis of the essays written by work safety specialists about the attitude towards work safety, motivation to observe its regulations and ignoring the regulations. The text analysis was carried out using the software programme Weft QDA.

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Dyantyi, Noluntu, Adrian Parsons, Cordellia Sita, and Sivakumar Pasupathi. "PEMFC for aeronautic applications: A review on the durability aspects." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0035.

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AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) not only offer more efficient electrical energy conversion, relative to on-ground/backup turbines but generate by-products useful in aircraft such as heat for ice prevention, deoxygenated air for fire retardation and drinkable water for use on-board. Consequently, several projects (e.g. DLR-H2 Antares and RAPID2000) have successfully tested PEMFC-powered auxiliary unit (APU) for manned/unmanned aircraft. Despite the progress from flying PEMFC-powered small aircraft with 20 kW power output as high as 1 000 m at 100 km/h to 33 kW at 2 558 m, 176 km/h [1, 2, 3], durability and reliability remain key challenges. This review reports on the inadequate understanding of behaviour of PEMFC under aeronautic conditions and the lack of predictive methods conducive for aircraft that provide real-time information on the State of Health of PEMFCs.Highlights: The main research findings are–To minimize performance loss due to high altitude and inclination by adjusting cathode stoichiometric ratio.–To improve quality of oxygen-depleted air by controlling operating temperature and stoichiometric ratio.–Need to devise real time prediction methods conducive for determining PEMFC SoH in aircraft.

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Xiao, Tianzheng, Huapu Lu, Jianyu Wang, and Katrina Wang. "Predicting and Interpreting Spatial Accidents through MDLSTM." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041430.

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Predicting and interpreting the spatial location and causes of traffic accidents is one of the current hot topics in traffic safety. This research purposed a multi-dimensional long-short term memory neural network model (MDLSTM) to fit the non-linear relationships between traffic accident characteristics and land use properties, which are further interpreted to form local and general rules. More variables are taken into account as the input land use properties and the output traffic accident characteristics. Five types of traffic accident characteristics are simultaneously predicted with higher accuracy, and three levels of interpretation, including the hidden factor-traffic potential, the potential-determine factors, which varies between grid cells, and the general rules across the whole study area are analyzed. Based on the model, some interesting insights were revealed including the division line in the potential traffic accidents in Shenyang (China). It is also purposed that the relationship between land use and accidents differ from previous researches in the neighboring and regional aspects. Neighboring grids have strong spatial connections so that the relationship of accidents in a continuous area is relatively similar. In a larger region, the spatial location is found to have a great influence on the traffic accident and has a strong directionality.

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Havard, John. "‘No Fault’ Compensation for Medical Accidents." Medicine, Science and the Law 32, no. 3 (July 1992): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249203200302.

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Bennun, Ian S., and Patrick Bell. "Psychological Consequences of Road Traffic Accidents." Medicine, Science and the Law 39, no. 2 (April 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249903900212.

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Wang, Xin, and Wei Bing Hu. "Structural Health Monitoring for Steel Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1088.

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The process of implementing a damage identification strategy for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure is referred to as structural health monitoring. Many different types and degrees accidents take place, especially some important collapse accidents, the significance of steel structural health monitoring has been recognized. The introduction begins with a brief research status of steel structural health monitoring in china and the world. The paper analyzes the projects and contents of steel structures monitoring from nine aspects and summarizes the diagnosis methods of steel structural damages which include power fingerprint analysis, the methods of model correction and system identification, neural network methods, genetic algorithm and wavelet analysis, it provides us theoretical guidence. In conclusion, structural health monitoring for steel structures could reduce the impact of such disasters immediately after natural hazards and man-made disasters both economically and socially, thus it is becoming increasingly important.

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Silva, Laís G., Welden Panziera, Carlos A. S. Lessa, and David Driemeier. "Epidemiological and clinical aspects of ophidian bothropic accidents in dogs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 11 (November 2018): 2146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5889.

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ABSTRACT: Snakebites are included in the group of emergencies for domestic animals, and these consultations demand technical knowledge as well as careful clinical evaluation of patients. Because of the importance of this theme and the higher prevalence of snakebites caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, this study aimed to address the epidemiological and clinical aspects of these accidents in dogs in the state, in addition to establishing their incidence. Clinical records of dogs, with a diagnosis of ophidian bothropic accident, assisted at the Toxicological Information Center of Rio Grande do Sul (CIT-RS) were revised from 2014 to 2016. These data were collected at the Toxicological Information Center, Statistics and Evaluation Center, State Secretary of Health. Data on the incidence of accidents and epidemiological and clinical information were obtained for each case. A total of 53 records were revised. In the records that included animal sex (n=49), 53% were female and 46.9% were male. As for animal age (n=47), the dogs ranged from one to 14 years, and most of them (46.9%) were in the 1-4-year age group. Over half of the cases occurred in the rural area (60.7%), and the head and neck were the main venom inoculation sites (76.3%). Diseases were characterized by clinical courses varying from hyperacute (<30 min to 6h), acute (6-24h), to subacute (4-5 days). Severe accidents accounted for 40% of the cases, with edema as the most frequent clinical sign (88.7%) followed by hemorrhagic manifestations (41.5%). Associations of epidemiological and clinical aspects coupled with history of exposure are important characteristics to assist with suspicion and definitive diagnosis of bothropic accidents in dogs.

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Venkatesh, Nandini, and Sumit Kumar. "Risky driving behaviour among the motorized two-wheeler novice riders in Davanagere city, Karnataka- Cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i01.027.

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Introduction-Road traffic accidents (RTA) account for more significant mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, resulting in considerable global burden. In Indi, motor vehicle accidents are one of the common reasons for mortality among young riders. The present study provides insight into different aspects of risky driving behavior from individual attitudes, and psychological factors like anger, mood, and emotions. Methodology- A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students; findings from this study say young males are more involved in risky driving behavior. Results- Number of males are involved in risky driving behaviour and mobile phone usage while riding is more significant the results focus on the role that risky driving behaviour plays in two-wheeler motor vehicle accidents and suggests the need for further research in this area of risky driving behaviour to improve road safety education and law enforcement policies that focus upon ensuring good driving behaviours.

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Smith, D. I. "Effect of Low Proscribed Blood Alcohol Levels (BALs) on Traffic Accidents among Newly-Licensed Drivers." Medicine, Science and the Law 26, no. 2 (April 1986): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600209.

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Three Australian States introduced lower blood alcohol levels (BALs) for first-year drivers than those applicable to other drivers. In Tasmania, a zero BAL significantly reduced casualty accidents for drivers and motorcyclists, in South Australia a 005 per cent BAL significantly reduced male driver and motorcyclist casualty accidents not requiring hospitalization, while in Western Australia a 002 per cent BAL significantly reduced driver and motorcyclist casualty accidents not requiring hospitalization. For a number of methodological reasons the counter-measure should only be regarded as a promising rather than a proven way of reducing alcohol-related accidents among young drivers.

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Bartlett, D. T. "Radiation protection aspects of the cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft crew." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 109, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nch311.

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Sheridan, Thomas B., and Raja Parasuraman. "Human-Automation Interaction." Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 1, no. 1 (June 2005): 89–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723405783703082.

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Automation does not mean humans are replaced; quite the opposite. Increasingly, humans are asked to interact with automation in complex and typically large-scale systems, including aircraft and air traffic control, nuclear power, manufacturing plants, military systems, homes, and hospitals. This is not an easy or error-free task for either the system designer or the human operator/automation supervisor, especially as computer technology becomes ever more sophisticated. This review outlines recent research and challenges in the area, including taxonomies and qualitative models of human-automation interaction; descriptions of automation-related accidents and studies of adaptive automation; and social, political, and ethical issues.

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Gheorghiu, Alexandru, and Mircea Boscoianu. "A Statistical Review on the Decision about the Fighter Pilot's Ejection Inromanian Air Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 811 (November 2015): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.811.390.

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Worldwide, the ejection is a challenging method and difficult to approach by fighter pilots. Considering that when eject, the pilot experience a g-force up to 15-18 G, which can affect the physical health of the pilot, the ejection decision can be affected. Besides this reason, with the desire to save the aircraft or third parties, the pilot may lose his life in the air disaster. The current paper reveals a statistical approach of aviation accidents in Romanian Air Force during 1951-2015. 225 cases were analyzed, which involved 235 aircraft and 280 fighter pilots. The below information is a personal one and does not reflect an official position of the Ministry of National Defense.

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Smith, D. I. "Effect on Traffic Safety of Introducing a 0.05% Blood Alcohol Level in Queensland, Australia." Medicine, Science and the Law 28, no. 2 (April 1988): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248802800217.

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A 0.08% maximum legal blood alcohol level (BAL) for drivers in Queensland was replaced by a 0.05% BAL. As alcohol is especially likely to be a factor in night-time accidents, the evaluation focused on the extent to which night-time accidents decreased in comparison to daytime accidents. It appeared that most, if not all, of the significant 8.2% reduction in night-time hospitalization and 5.5% reduction in property damage accidents in the first year after the legislative change could be attributed to the lower BAL. The evaluation showed that the 0.05% BAL had an accident-reducing effectiveness beyond its first year of operation, although some of the accident reductions in the second and third years may have been partly the result of increased enforcement.

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Symonds, R. L. "Psychiatric aspects of railway fatalities." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 3 (August 1985): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700031469.

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SynopsisNational statistics for railway fatalities in England and Wales show a reduction of train crashes and a fluctuating level of deaths, of which an increasing proportion is from suicide. A closer examination of a two-year sample from the South of England revealed a large proportion of probable suicides and a small proportion of pure accidents. The remainder appeared to have medical, mainly psychiatric, contributions to their death, of which alcohol was an important factor in single young men. Rail suicides appear to be younger, the men less often married, the women more often married, and both sexes less often widowed than other suicides. They included more cases of major psychosis and neurosis, but fewer and less severe alcoholics. Characteristic patterns of this method of suicide are described with examples. Hypotheses to explain the choice of method suggest that it is not related to either volume of traffic, or residence in a rail-dense area or in an area with a high suicide rate, or the proximity of a psychiatric hospital.

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Mol, Marcos Paulo Gomes, Sandy Cairncross, Dirceu Bartolomeu Greco, and Leo Heller. "Urban Waste Collectors in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Their Perceptions of Occupational Health Risk." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318797934.

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Frequent contact with hazardous materials makes waste collection a potentially unhealthy activity. This article assesses the perception of waste management workers regarding work-related accidents in domestic and health service contexts in Brazil. Six focus groups were performed between June 2014 and August 2015. The aims of this study were to apprehend different aspects of the participants’ health, workers’ experiences of work-related accidents and perception of risks. Cuts and puncture injuries were reported most frequently in the line of work and were often considered as irrelevant. Immunization against hepatitis B was not common among all workers, which increases the risk of infection for those individuals. Finally, it is considered urgent to consolidate an inclusive space in which workers can have discussions on their health.

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SINGH, B. P. "Firearms Accidents in Northern India (1980-2000)." Medicine, Science and the Law 46, no. 1 (January 2006): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.46.1.69.

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Hocking, B., K. Joyner, and R. Fleming. "Health Aspects of Radio-Frequency Radiation Accidents. Part I: Assessment of Health After A Radio-Frequency Radiation Accident." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 23, no. 2 (January 1988): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08327823.1988.11688040.

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Naghavi-Konjin, Zahra, Seyed Bagher Mortazavi, Hassan Asilian Mahabadi, and Ebrahim Hajizadeh. "Identification of factors that influence occupational accidents in the petroleum industry: A qualitative approach." Work 67, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203291.

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BACKGROUND: Exploring experiences of individuals for barriers they confront relating to safety could help to design safety interventions with an emphasis on the most safety influencing factors. OBJECTIVE: This study strived to present an empirical exploration of individuals’ experiences across the petroleum industry at different levels of the organizational structure for factors that influence occupational accidents. METHOD: Based on accidents history, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who engaged in fatal activities, as well as authorities responsible for managing safety. The qualitative content analysis of 46 interview transcripts was conducted using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: A three-layer model comprising organizational, supervisory and operator level influencing factors with 16 categories were found influence factors of occupational safety. The results highlighted the role of organizational factors, including inappropriate contract management, inadequate procedures, and issues relating to competency management and the organizational climate. Moreover, defects relating to the monitoring and supervision system were identified as important causes of accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that the qualitative approach could reveal additional latent aspects of safety influencing factors, which require consideration for the appropriate management of occupational safety. This study can guide the planning of preventive strategies for occupational accidents in the petroleum industry.

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Michalik, V., F. Pernicka, F. Spurný, and V. D. Nguyen. "Some Aspects of the Exposure of Aircraft Crew Members to Cosmic Radiation." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 54, no. 3-4 (July 1, 1994): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082346.

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Pratiwi, Anggit, Widodo Hariyono, and Adi Heru Sutomo. "Komitmen manajemen, pengetahuan K3, perilaku K3, dan kecelakaan kerja pada perawat di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 32, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.11907.

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Management commitment, occupational safety and health knowledge and behavior, and work accidents among nurses in a private hospital in YogyakartaPurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationship between management commitment, knowledge and behavior of occupational safety and health on nursing work accidents in RS PKU Muhammadiyah. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 73 nurses as research subjects. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression tests. ResultsThere was a significant negative relationship between each variable of management commitment, safety and health knowledge, safety and health behavior, and occupational accidents. When analyzed collectively there was a strong relationship between management commitment, knowledge and behavior of occupational safety and health and occupational accidents. ConclusionThis study suggests that the management of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital can maintain the results achieved in the prevention of occupational accidents, increase supervision of hazard factors that may occur in the workplace, incorporate aspects of occupational safety and health in each Standard Operating Procedure, and post written rules of occupational safety and health in each work area. Management is recommended to provide health and safety training to nurses and socialization of occupational safety and health on a regular basis.

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Bull, J. P., and P. A. B. Raffle. "Factors Affecting a Fatal Outcome in Road Accidents." Medicine, Science and the Law 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249003000112.

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The North Report mentioned the question of whether charges and/or sentencing should be modified by fatal outcome following offences involving bad driving. This note classifies factors relating to the accident, the casualty and medical care which may, often fortuitously, determine a fatal outcome. It is suggested that these should be borne in mind in deciding offences and sentencing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Health aspects of Aircraft accidents'

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