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Owoc, Mary Ann. "Aspects of ceremonial burial in the Bronze Age of south-west Britain." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3510/.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the ways in which actions involving the construction of funerary mounds facilitated the continuity of Beaker and Bronze Age society in South-West Britain by creating and renewing meaningful traditions of knowledge. Following a brief introduction (Chapter 1) which reviews the character and contents of the study, the second chapter considers some theoretical issues arising from the practice of interpretative archaeology, and concludes with a discussion of death rituals and their archaeological appropriation. Chapter 3 is a critical review of the modem tradition of barrow study, and proposes an alternative perspective pursued in later chapters. Chapter 4 involves an examination of the environmental and social context surrounding later third and second millennium burial practices in the South-West in terms of its implications for community regionalization, social structure, and funerary function. Chapter 5 contains an overview of the funerary sites, a discussion of the analysis employed in their examination, and a contextual history of Bronze Age funerary practices, integrating the results into a general view of social and ritual development. Chapter 6 elaborates upon Beaker/Bronze Age traditions of knowledge by detailing the form and content of the meaningful taxonomies which structured perception, and how such taxonomies were forwarded and reproduced through tomb construction and related ritual actions. The chapter concludes by considering the results of the analysis against the current approaches to the subject. The picture of Bronze Age ceremonial burial which emerges differs from that produced by traditional and current perspectives, in that local contingent circumstances and cosmological constructs are shown to have been of equal importance to both power relations and large scale economic structures in influencing site location, monument appearance, material culture use, and funerary action. Appendices and tables summarise individual site histories and supporting data.
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Sial, Vanessa Viviane de Castro. "Das igrejas ao cemiterio : politicas publicas sobre a morte no Recife do Seculo XIX." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330300.
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Orientador: Sidney ChalhoubDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:09:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sial_VanessaVivianeDeCastro_M.pdf: 24681420 bytes, checksum: 3b203dcdd5968b58423026a2a3ba5eab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa, a partir do projeto de construção do Cemitério Público Bom Jesus da Redenção no Recife do século XIX, como se deram as transformações dos costumes fúnebres, mediante a imposição de normas sanitárias relacionadas às práticas funerárias tradicionais, que eram entendidas pelos médicos higienistas como um dos fatores de propagação das epidemias. Neste sentido, os cemitérios extramuros desencadearam novas práticas culturais e adaptações nas atitudes diante da morte. Os médicos higienistas, que influenciaram decisivamente na elaboração e aprovação destas normas sanitárias pelo poder público, acreditavam que os corpos cadavéricos eram possíveis focos de emanações miasmáticas, sendo agentes de grande poder de infecção do ar, causadores de toda sorte de epidemias na cidade. A proibição dos sepultamentos nas igrejas gerou múltiplos pontos de discussão e conflitos na sociedade recifense do século XIX, assim como ocorreu em várias outras cidades brasileiras: dentro do poder público, na elaboração de leis e regulamentos para as novas práticas fúnebres, como também na população, que viu suas crenças mais íntimas ameaçadas, sobretudo entre membros de irmandades religiosas e os emergentes comerciantes dos novos serviços mortuários. Ademais, o estudo das transformações dos costumes fúnebres foi fundamental para a compreensão do conflito entre a Igreja e o Estado na segunda metade do século XIX, sobretudo pela negação da Igreja em conceber o direito dos não-católicos a serem sepultados nos cemitérios públicos, interpretados como elementos decisivos no processo de secularização da morte no Brasil oitocentista
Abstract: From the study of the construction project of the Public Cemetery Bom Jesus da Redenção, in the XIXth century Recife, this work analyses how the traditional funerary customs were modified after the imposed new sanitary norms. In this sense, the outdoor cemeteries triggered new cultural practices and new adapted attitudes related to death. The hygienist physicians, decisively influencing the elaboration and approval of these norms by the public authorities, believed that the dead bodies were possible focuses of miasmatic emanations, becoming powerful infectious agents of the air, and sources of all possible epidemies in the city. The prohibition of burials inside churches originated many arguments and conflicts in the Recife's society of the XIX century, as also happened in other Brazilian cities: into the public authority, in the elaboration of laws and regulations regarding the new burial practices, as well as in the population, that perceived as menaced its most intimate burial practices, mostly between those belonging to religious fraternities and emerging dealers of the new funereal services. Besides, the study of the transformations of the funereal customs was fundamental to the understanding of the conflict between Church and State in the second half of the XIX century, mostly because of the Church refusal in accept the right of the non-catholic to be buried in the public cemeteries, viewed as decisive elements for the secularization of the death in the eighteenth century Brazil
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Panda, Comfort K. "Kono Members' Perceptions of Burial Practices and the Spread of Ebola Virus Disease." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978595.
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Sierra Leone was heavily affected by the West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic from 2013 to 2016. Ongoing EVD transmission during the epidemic was connected to several factors including unsafe traditional burial practices. This phenomenological qualitative study addressed Kono members’ perceived knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding how burial practices influenced EVD transmission. Rosenstock’s health belief model provided the framework for the study. The participants purposefully selected from various religions and professions were interviewed individually and in focus group settings. Similar phrases and comments were identified from the interview responses resulted which resulted in the following 5 main themes: (a) Kono community leaders and public health workers were cognizant of important EVD issues, but there was a knowledge deficit among Konos about EVD and its mode of transmission; (b) although customary burial rituals were temporarily banned from 2014 to 2016, they were practiced among the Konos to promote culture-driven dignity and respect for the dead; (c) many Konos harbored grudges and mistrusted government officials and public health workers; (d) infrastructural deficits were a barrier to health care as private and public sectors lacked training and equipment to mitigate the 2013-2016 EVD outbreak; and (e) participants were willing to adopt safer burial practices if EVD outbreaks were to reemerge. These findings indicated that EVD transmission was connected to unsafe burial practices. Findings may be used to improve community engagement and public health outreach efforts to promote safer burial practices, especially during periods of infectious disease outbreaks.
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Price, Richard P. S. "Burial practice and aspects of social structure in the late Chalcolithic of north-east Bulgaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e93fb806-0a9a-4250-9e42-789743ca8f5e.
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The study considers archaeological evidence for burials and other mortuary practices from the Late Chalcolithic period in north-east Bulgaria. The Late Chalcolithic is defined (circa 4500-4000 B.C.) and around 900 burials are attributed to two cultural groups within the region in this period. It is argued that previous studies of the evidence can be rejected for assuming a straightforward equivalence between burial forms and social structures. An alternative model of social organization is proposed based on the 'structuration' and 'habitus' models of Giddens and Bourdieu which emphasize the role of the individual in the reproduction of social institutions. This framework is used to examine the importance of (mortuary) rituals and the symbolic use of material culture in strategies intended to maintain or alter the distribution of power and resources. The data is examined using quantitative measures of spatial and temporal variability and statistical measures of association between variables. It is argued that two basic patterns can be discerned and which correspond to the defined cultures. The inland cultural pattern is further divided into two 'types' based on the location and forms of burials. Burial forms and grave goods are also examined qualitatively and the values attributed to artefacts, materials and the processes of burial are addressed. From this it is argued that meanings are fundamentally mediated through processes of reciprocation between kinship groups and with ancestors. Social structures based on gender and age, the settlement community and residence are proposed. 'Codes' of the use of material culture within mortuary rituals are described and evaluated through a consideration of assemblages and performance. Changes within and between cemeteries over time are used to reconstruct patterns of competition and emulation. The interpretations of social interaction in burial practices are related to other forms of evidence from the Late Chalcolithic in north-east Bulgaria and suggestions made for a new understanding of social organization in both cultures. The conclusions are placed in a wider spatial and temporal perspective and conclusions presented relating to both the data studied and the theoretical models adopted.
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Dawson, Heidi Suzanne. "Unearthing late medieval children : health, status and burial practice in southern England." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f07696a3-9fd2-4bbc-a2c5-b959cca83b40.
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Nenadovic, Mateja. "The Effects of Bottom-Tending Mobile Fishing Gear and Fiber-Optic Cable Burial on Soft-Sediment Benthic Community Structure." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NenadovicM2009a.pdf.
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Moore, Alison Jane. "Young and old in Roman Britain : aspects of age identity and life-course transitions in regional burial practice." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360559/.
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Hopkinson, Kimberly A. "Dental health of the Santa Maria Cathdral [sic] burial population (12-19th century), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467750.
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Racek, Martin. "Thermal and mechnical aspects of burial and exhumation mechanisms within the Moldanubian orogenic root in South Moravia and Lower Austria." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S182.
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The study of the SE margin of the Bohemian massif revealed preservation of a continuous profile of lower to middle crustal orogenic section overthrust by a second lower-crustal complex. The general view of the area is that the mid-crustal unit preserving steep fabrics forms a boudin in surrounding partially molten lower-crustal rocks with flat foliation. The interpretation is compatible with the whole eastern margin of the Bohemian massif. During initial shortening, the system produces a vertical fabric formed by synforms of rigid middle crust and antiforms of weak partially molten lower crust that are later thrust over the basement flat ramp and moving further in orogenic channel. The study of present lower crustal granulites traditionally interpreted as a result of UHT/HP metamorphism reveals that they record more complex history than previously reported. The HT and HP minerals represent two parts of a discontinuous history, hence they cannot be combined for thermobarometryL'étude de la marge SE du Massif de Bohême met en évidence un profil depuis la croûte inférieure jusqu'à la croûte moyenne qui est chevauché par un deuxième complexe de croûte inférieure. Les roches de croûte moyenne à structures tectoniques verticales sont observées au sein de boudins incluent dans des roches de la croûte inférieure présentant des structures tectoniques horizontales. Pendant la compression initiale, le système se déforme et développe synformes de la croűte moyenne rigide et antiformes de la croûte inférieure partiellement fondue. Cette dernière est ensuite chauvauchante sur le socle et se déplace au sein d'un “channel flow”. Les granulites de la croûte inférieure interprétées comme le résultat d'un métamorphisme UHT/HP sont en fait le résultat d'une histoire plus complexe. Les minéraux de HT et HP sont représentatifs de deux parties d'une histoire discontinue, ils ne peuvent donc pas être utilisés pour la thermobarométrie comme des minéraux à l'équilibre
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Heintz, Emelie. "Health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Utvärdering och hälsoekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76283.
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To ensure that the resources of the health care sector are used effectively, new technologies need to be evaluated before implementation to examine if they generate health outcomes at an acceptable cost. This information can be collected by performing health economic evaluations in which the costs and health outcomes of different technologies are compared. To estimate the effect on health care budgets, there is also a need for information about the prevalence of the specific disease. Health outcomes in health economic evaluations are often measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which are calculated by multiplying the remaining life years after an intervention by a weight representing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during those years. This thesis aims to provide deeper knowledge of the health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye complication that affects patients with diabetes and may in the worst case lead to blindness. The focus is on three empirical and two methodological health economic research questions. The empirical research areas cover prevalence, costs, and HRQoL related to patients with DR. The methodological research questions explore the performance of different methods for estimation of QALY weights. This is of interest since it has been argued that the most common methods for estimating QALY weights may not capture all relevant vision-related aspects of quality of life. The analyses comprehend the validity of different methods for estimating QALY weights among patients with DR and if the results of one of the specific methods for estimating QALY weights, the time trade-off (TTO) exercise, are affected by patients’ subjective life expectancy (SLE). The empirical results demonstrate that DR is seen in approximately 40% and 30% of patients with type I and type II diabetes respectively, indicating that the prevalence of DR has decreased in both of these patient groups. Healthcare costs vary considerably between different severity levels of the disease, being estimated at €26, €257, €216, and €433 per patient per year for background retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and PDR combined with DMO respectively. Blindness due to DR is associated with an increased use of transportation services, caregiving services, and assistive technologies as well as productivity losses. This suggests that preventing the progression of DR may lower healthcare costs. Patients with vision impairment due to DR have lowered HRQoL in various dimensions, but the diagnosis of DR in itself has only a limited effect on HRQoL. The results on the methodological research questions show that different methods for estimating QALY weights seem to give different results. In comparison to EQ-5D, the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) is the most sensitive method for detecting differences in QALY weights due to DR, and if decisions are to be made based on values from the general public, it can be recommended for use in cost-utility analyses of interventions directed at DR. Neither of the direct methods, TTO and the visual analogue scale, seems to be sensitive to differences in visual function, and more research is needed concerning the role of vision in people’s responses to the TTO exercises. In TTO exercises with time frames based on actuarial life expectancy, the patients’ SLE has an effect on their willingness to trade off years for full health. Thus, applying time frames deviating from patients’ SLE may result in biased QALY weights. Such bias may appear stronger within patient populations than within the general public. In conclusion, this thesis offers estimates for prevalence, costs, and QALY weights that can be used in economic evaluations of interventions directed at DR and as benchmarks for future DR research in order to follow up consequences of changes in diabetes care. In addition, it demonstrates that the choice of method for estimating QALY weights may have an impact on whether an intervention is considered cost-effective.
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Rickayzen, Benjamin David. "Some actuarial aspects of health insurance." Thesis, City University London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446443.
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Redmond, Angela Z. "Viking burial in the North of England : a study of contact, interaction and reaction between Scandinavian migrants with resident groups, and the effect of immigration on aspects of cultural continuity /." Oxford : Hedges, 2007. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz263310663inh.pdf.
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Warren, Adam. "Piety and danger : popular ritual, epidemics, and medical reforms in Lima, Peru, 1750-1860 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3137210.
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Reineholm, Cathrine. "Psychosocial Work Conditions and Aspects of Health." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, HELIX Vinn Excellence Centre, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95578.
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Today’s working life has led to new requirements and conditions at the workplace, and additional factors may be of importance for employees’ health. Most earlier research has taken place in stable organizations, and has not taken changes in organizations into account. The way in which psychosocial work conditions affect employees’ health and well-being has been the topic of several studies but mental ill health is still one of the most common causes of sick leave in Sweden. Little attention is given to the importance of the workplace and organizational context for employees’ health. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate how different aspects of health are associated with psychosocial work conditions in today’s working life. This thesis comprises two empirical studies. The first study is a longitudinal study, based on questionnaire data from 1010 employees at the Swedish Labour Market Administration. The second study is designed as a prospective cohort study, based on questionnaire data from 8430 employees in ten organizations, participating in the LOHP project. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to investigate associations between psychosocial work conditions and different aspects of health. Multilevel analysis was performed in one paper. The main findings in Paper I are that traditional job stress models are better for predicting ill health than good health. Different psychosocial work conditions may however, be useful for measuring different aspects of health, depending on whether the purpose is to prevent ill health or to promote health. In Paper II, psychosocial work conditions and symptoms of burnout were found to differ between different hierarchical levels, and different psychosocial work conditions were associated with symptoms of burnout at different hieratical levels. Paper III showed that psychosocial work conditions predict voluntary job mobility, and this may be due to two forces for job mobility: job dissatisfaction and career development. In Paper IV, a strong association between high work ability and better performance was found. Clear goals and expectations may result in improved psychosocial work conditions and work ability, which in turn affects employees’ performance. This thesis has provided knowledge regarding different aspects of health and psychosocial work conditions. Conditions at the organizational and workplace level set the prerequisites for if and how employees use their resources and their ability to act. Access to resources and the capacity to use them may vary depending on the employees’ hierarchal position. Occupational health research needs to focus on differences in psychosocial work conditions at different hierarchical levels. Organizations with clear goals and expectations may create more favourable conditions at work, supporting employees’ room for manoeuver, social capital and their ability to cope with working life, hence promoting health. Health promotion has a holistic approach and considers the work environment, the individual and the interplay between them. However, most health interventions at workplaces are directed to employees’ health behaviour rather than improvements in organizational and work conditions. To develop a good work environment it is necessary to identify conditions at work that promote different aspects of health. These conditions need to be tackled at the organizational, workplace and individual level, as good health is shaped by the interplay between the employee and the conditions for work.
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Hreinsson, Julius, and Yonathan Woldearegay. "Internationalization of health care services : Networking aspects." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243306.
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Principles of business management are increasingly being used to analyze health care systems. Conceptualizing health care as business networks offers the possibility to apply the ARA model of Actors, Resources and Activities to understand the functioning of the system. We have used this model to study the phenomenon of networking in cross-border care using Uppsala University Hospital as a research case. The aim of the study was to understand actor’s perceptions of networking activities and how these related with international sales of health care services. We collected primary data through five interviews with managers involved in internationalization and a survey study with 26 managers at the hospital. Secondary data on patient flows and research activity was collected from hospital and university records. The main actors identified in the health care networks are doctors with professional identity being an important facilitating factor. Patient´s role as active participators in the system is increasing while researchers, innovators and key opinion leaders are also important. Networking activities consist of knowledge transfer via lecturing, meetings and external consulting activities. Resources in the form of supporting clinics, research centers and administrative services correlate positively with the level of internationalization. The study identifies networking activities as important for internationalization and cross-border sales of health care services. We conclude that the ARA model is a valuable instrument for analyzing cross border activities and internationalization of health care.
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Robertson, Kevin. "Health-related psychological aspects of playing squash." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282785.
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Leo, Jared. "Capturing temporal aspects of bio-health ontologies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/capturing-temporal-aspects-of-biohealth-ontologies(a2f5868e-94e3-4d4b-bd1e-311358ebf7e0).html.
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Extending Descriptions Logics (DLs) with a temporal dimension to aid in the ability to model meaningful temporal information is an active and popular research area that has gathered a lot of attention over recent years. DLs underpin the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which offers a way to describe ontologies for the semantic web. Representing temporal information in ontologies plays an important role, specifically for those ontologies where time information is inherently embedded in the information they describe. This is very common for ontologies in the bio-health domain, for example ontologies that describe the development of anatomies of biological entities, stage based development, evolution of diseases and so on. As expressive as DLs are, given that they are fragments of First Order Logic, they are static in nature and are limited in what they can express from a temporal view point, hence the surge in temporal extensions to DLs over recent years. In this thesis we investigate the use of temporal extensions of DLs as suitable representations for the temporal information required for bio-health ontologies. We first set out to find out exactly what types of temporal information need to be modelled, before going on to evaluate current temporal extensions and representations to determine their suitability. We then go on to introduce several new temporal extensions to DLs and evaluate their suitability.
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Bamford, Margaret. "Aspects of health among an employed population." Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10867/.
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This survey collected information on aspects of health amongst an employed population, employees in 14 different organisations in the West Midlands Regional Health Authority; and was a stratified sample of senior managers, middle managers and operatives. Nine hundred and sixty questionnaires were distributed asking for both quantitative and qualitative information on 58 questions covering health, work, family, leisure activities and life-style. A response rate of 48% (459 returned questionnaires) came from 290 men (63%), 165 women (36%) and four people (1%) who did not answer the gender question. The initial findings from this study are unique in that there has not been a specific review of the health of people at work. In answer to the main research questions, 92% felt they were healthy. Compared to others of a similar age, 34% felt their health was `above average', 58% `average', and 7&37 `below average'. Thirty two percent of respondents had visited their GP in the past 1-2 months; the highest reason given was disorders of the respiratory system, 20%. People's perceptions on the effects of work on their health were: good effect, 13% fair effect, 20% no effect, 27% poor effect, 27% and bad effect, 7%. The effects of leisure activities on health were thought to be more positive: good effect, 46% fair effect, 20% no effect, 21% poor effect, 3% and bad effect, 2%. The perceptions of effects of life-style on health were considered to be: good effect, 32% fair effect, 32% no effect, 20% poor effect, 9% and bad effect, 1%. In this survey, leisure and life-style were seen by employees to have more beneficial effects on health than work. Future implications include a review of occupational health as a major policy development area within primary care. There is a need to influence the education and training of health care practitioners in order to affect their ability to practise effectively in this new and challenging area of work.
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Friedling, Louise J. "Grave tales : an osteological assessment of health and lifestyle from 18th and 19th century burial sites around Cape Town." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14813.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-270).Two unwalled 18th and 19th century colonial burial sites, Cobern Street and Marina Residence, were assessed osteologically and dentally to reconstruct the life histories and activity patterns of the poorer people living at the Cape. This was done to add to the history and knowledge of the descendants of these people, as little other information exists on them. Questions pertaining to diet, stress, activity patterns and trauma were investigated. Visual (standard and novel macroscopic methods e.g. distal humeri method), metric (femoral neck method) and histological (proximal anterior femur) techniques were tested and employed to estimate age and sex, as the skeletal material was fragmentary and incomplete. Only adults were assessed and analysed (n = 86 and n = 75 for Cobern Street and Marina Residence respectively) as the infant, juvenile and sub-adult skeletal material was too badly preserved and fragmentary to attempt reconstruction. Mortality profiles reveal that the two study sites were different in community dynamics. They led hard active lives as seen from their muscle marking and degenerative joint disease patterns. Osteoarthritis was not only very frequent within the groups but was found in much of the younger adult skeletal material. Stress and trauma were relatively low within the two populations. Dental disease was relatively high within the two study groups. This was as a result of a carbohydrate rich diet and poor oral hygiene. Thus the food they were consuming as well as the activities they were involved in had a huge impact on their lives. The first possible cases of syphilis, tuberculosis and Paget's disease at the Cape were found within these two study groups.
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Franks, Susan F. (Susan Faye). "Negative Psychological States: Predictors for Immunological Health." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332521/.
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Relationships of negative psychological conditions with general status of cell-mediated and humoral immune systems were investigated. A unique approach was utilized in that indexes representing multiple aspects of each branch of the immune system were employed to better indicate general immunological status. Differences in emotion-immune interactions between males and females were demonstrated. Results indicated a positive relationship between Trait Anger and Cell-Mediated Immunological Index. Particular criticisms of previous psychoneuroimmunological research were met by addressing sex differences and differences in various conditions of anger and depression, as well as through assessment of cumulative effects of negative emotions on immune system status. Directions for future research in eddressing similar issues are suggested. In general, results provide support for validity of mindbody interactionism and imply the need for revision of standard medical and psychological treatment.
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Schützhold, Svenja [Verfasser]. "Aspects of oral health in the German Oral Health Studies / Svenja Schützhold." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082577367/34.
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Shirazi, Farshad 1963. "Metabolic aspects of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282447.
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The consensus view is that cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to increased work caused by a variety of stimuli. While hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in cell mass without an increase in cell number, not all increases are equivalent in type and amount of protein accumulated. Our goal in this study was to identify the common steps in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. Our working hypothesis was that in all forms of cardiac hypertrophy glucose utilization increases and that the percentage of energy derived from fatty-acid oxidation decreases. The first part of this study entailed the development and characterization of a neonatal rat heart cell model. The model had to provide uniform culture conditions for rapid development of hypertrophy by agents acting at different sites in the cardiomyocytes. The second part of this study was composed of an assessment of hypertrophy caused by four pharmacologically distinct agents: norepinephrine, angiotensin-II, endothelin-I and tetradecylglycidic acid. In this part we compared the quantity of protein accumulation and quality of hypertrophy cause by each agent. This task was accomplished by examining the effect of each agent on selected mRNA messages and alteration in DNA content of cardiomyocytes. Here we also examined the effect of protein kinase-C, endothelin-I and angiotensin-II inhibitors on hypertrophy caused by each agent. In the final part of this study, metabolic alteration in hypertrophy caused by each agent was assessed for a potential common pathway to hypertrophy. As part of this analysis, we examined changes in glucose and palmitate oxidation, glucose uptake and role of pentose pathway in hypertrophy resulting from treatment of cardiomyocyte by each agent.
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Urassa, David Paradiso. "Quality Aspects of Maternal Health Care in Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distrubutör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4221.
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Slattery, M. "Demographic aspects of resource allocation to Health Services." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374235.
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Mani, Kevin. "Abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiological and health economic aspects /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-110810.
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Allin, Sara. "Examining aspects of equality in Canada's health system." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2326/.
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Canada's health system is based on the firmly-held belief that the receipt of care should be based on need and not ability to pay. This thesis examines three aspects of this equity goal: provincial variations in equity in the receipt of care; the role of private prescription drug insurance in explaining inequity in the use of physician services; and the equity implications of subjective unmet need. Canada's provinces are responsible for planning and funding most publicly insured health services, hence there is variation in health system characteristics across the country. In the context of such variation, the first empirical analysis examines equity in the use of health services across the provinces. The analysis reveals some evidence of inequity in the likelihood of a GP visit, and the likelihood and number of specialist and dentist visits; some variations can also be found across the provinces. The second empirical analysis investigates the role of complementary insurance for prescription drugs in explaining inequity in the use of publicly-funded physician services. Due to the complementary relationship between prescription drugs and physician services, and the unequal distribution of private insurance coverage across income groups, inequity in physician utilisation partly can be explained by the interaction with insurance. The third empirical analysis assesses the equity implications of subjective unmet need. It finds that there are different utilisation patterns among the different types of unmet need, which raises methodological and conceptual challenges. The concluding chapter positions the three empirical studies within the broader policy context, offers an in-depth discussion of their methodological and policy implications, and proposes areas for future research.
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Chamberlin, Christine M. "Workaholism, health, and self-acceptance." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1213153.
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The present study was designed to address the issue of the potential harm of workaholism. It specifically examined the relationships between workaholism, self-acceptance, psychological well-being, and physical symptoms. Furthermore, participants completed a form to rate their perceptions of their parents work behaviors, and thus relationships between perceived parental workaholism, physical symptoms, psychological well-being, and self-acceptance, were also explored.Three hundred forty seven students from a Midwestern university completed a survey measuring the above constructs. Of these 347 surveys, 279 were utilized for analysis. It was hypothesized that students' workaholism would correlate negatively with the students' psychological well-being and self-acceptance, and positively with physical health complaints. It was expected that student workaholics would report less psychological well-being, more physical complaints, and less self-acceptance than nonworkaholic students. Furthermore it was hypothesized that there would be no relationship between perceived parental workaholism and students' workaholism. While it was hypothesized that students who perceive their parents as workaholic would report less psychological well-being and self-acceptance than students with perceived nonworkaholic parents, it was not expected that they would report more physical health complaints.Results supported the majority of the hypotheses. A negative relationship was found between students' workaholism and the students' psychological well-being and self-acceptance, while a positive relationship was found between students' workaholism and physical health complaints. Students in the medium to high risk workaholic group were found to have significantly more physical health complaints, and lower self-acceptance and psychological well-being than students scoring in the low risk workaholic group. Furthermore, students with perceptions of parental workaholism falling within the medium to high risk range, had significantly lower levels of psychological well-being and self-acceptance than parents falling within the low risk range. No differences were expected in these two groups in terms of physical health complaints, however students' with perceptions of parental workaholism in the medium to high risk range had significantly more physical symptoms than students' with lower perceptions of parental workaholism. Furthermore, while no correlation was expected between perceived parental workaholism and student workaholism, a significant positive correlation was found.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Panda, Comfort Kenyeh. "Kono Members' Perceptions of Burial Practices and the Spread of Ebola Virus Disease." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6088.
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Sierra Leone was heavily affected by the West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic from 2013 to 2016. Ongoing EVD transmission during the epidemic was connected to several factors including unsafe traditional burial practices. This phenomenological qualitative study addressed Kono members' perceived knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding how burial practices influenced EVD transmission. Rosenstock's health belief model provided the framework for the study. The participants purposefully selected from various religions and professions were interviewed individually and in focus group settings. Similar phrases and comments were identified from the interview responses resulted which resulted in the following 5 main themes: (a) Kono community leaders and public health workers were cognizant of important EVD issues, but there was a knowledge deficit among Konos about EVD and its mode of transmission; (b) although customary burial rituals were temporarily banned from 2014 to 2016, they were practiced among the Konos to promote culture-driven dignity and respect for the dead; (c) many Konos harbored grudges and mistrusted government officials and public health workers; (d) infrastructural deficits were a barrier to health care as private and public sectors lacked training and equipment to mitigate the 2013-2016 EVD outbreak; and (e) participants were willing to adopt safer burial practices if EVD outbreaks were to reemerge. These findings indicated that EVD transmission was connected to unsafe burial practices. Findings may be used to improve community engagement and public health outreach efforts to promote safer burial practices, especially during periods of infectious disease outbreaks.
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Hu, Qiming, and 胡啟明. "Application of nudge theory for changing diet and physical activity : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206943.
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Background: Unhealthy lifestyle are important contributors to chronic illness in Hong Kong and worldwide. Lifestyle modification, particularly improving healthy diet and physical activity, can prevent the development of various chronic illnesses, improve disease conditions, reduce the risk of complications and enhance the quality of life. Many behavioural models have been applied to achieve lifestyle modification, but the major limitation was that they mainly treated human behaviours as individual behaviours that were subsequent to rational thinking. Nudge theory, an advanced behavioral concept, proposed to change individual’s motivation, incentives and decision making through non-direct suggestion and non-forced reinforcement. However, the application of Nudge theory has been challenged on the lack of evidence to prove its effectiveness, and its controversial framework for ethical analysis.
Objectives: This review was to synthesize the empirical findings about the effectiveness of using nudge theory for lifestyle modification including healthy diet and physical activity.
Methodology: Interventional and experimental studies that were conducted based on Nudge theory to change diet or physical activity was identified from the published literature. The studies were divided into two large groups according to outcome measured: healthy diet and physical activity, and they were systematically synthesized. The “nudges” used in these studies were categorized as six types of “nudges” summarized by “nudge unit” as “MINDSPACE” for further discussion. The type of “nudges” that were used in the studies and their effectiveness on changing diet and physical activity was abstracted.
Results: Totally, nine articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Five nudges were identified from the included studies, including Priming (P), Default (D), Salience & Affect (SA), Incentives (I) and Messenger & Norms (MN). It is found that the strategies and methods applied on the same nudge may have different effectiveness. Seven studies applied Priming (P) as nudge to motivate change in diet, which used two major strategies: “availability” and “accessibility”. The evidence was strong that altering the availability of food presence could be effective to change food selection. The results of studies using accessibility were heterogeneous and contradictive with each other. Another three studies used different nudges including Default, Salience & Affect and Incentive. The effectiveness of Default (D) as nudge seemed to be blurry, and the sustainability remained questionable. The ethical consideration is always the primary pillar for applying nudging theory. As long as the applications are stick to necessary ethical concerns, the nudging model can be beneficial through mild “manipulation” rather than harmful.
Conclusion: It has potential opportunity to carry out “libertarian paternalism” in Hong Kong. However, it is still a long way to take application of nudging model into regulation, legislation and daily practice. The evidences for each type of nudge were not consistent and enough. Besides, the monitoring and evaluation are not available yet. Future research can be focused on transferring these applications into real practice with an effective monitoring and evaluation system.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Wood, Susan. "Mental health literacy and mental health in at-risk populations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/88088/.
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This thesis explores mental health literacy (MHL) and mental health difficulties in at-risk populations. Young people, particularly males, are vulnerable to the onset of mental health difficulties, failing to access support and increased risk of suicide. Supporting people with mental health difficulties and improving prognosis is an important area of public health concern. Chapter one is a systematic review of gender differences in MHL of young people (ages 12-25 years). 14 studies were identified and critically assessed. The nature of gender differences in MHL of young people is complex but most consistently reported in depression. Females tended to have higher levels of MHL than males. The implications for public health interventions and future research are discussed. Methodological components of MHL research, such as the use of case vignettes are also considered. Chapter two is a qualitative research study of male professional footballers’ lived experiences of mental health difficulties and help-seeking using interpretative phenomenological analysis. One superordinate theme emerged from the data; Survival. This is discussed through six subordinate themes and alongside existing literature pertaining to identity, transition, personality and emotional development. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research. Chapter three is a reflective paper considering the use of Cognitive Analytic Therapy as a tool for reflexivity in qualitative research. The opportunities and limitations of this approach are considered, alongside reflections on the research process.
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Wynchank, Sinclair. "Aspects of paediatric gastro oesophageal scintigraphy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27191.
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This work is concerned with the application of scintigraphy in studies of foregut motility in paediatric patients; notably oesophageal transit during swallowing, gastro oesophageal reflux (GOR) and stomach emptying as measured by the gastric contents 30 and 120 minutes after deglutition of liquid. Relevant anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and non-radioisotopic methods of gastro oesophageal examination are outlined. The extremely important question of dose deposited by ionising radiation in paediatric patients is also considered. Because currently available estimations of absorbed dose after swallowing non- absorbable radionuclides are unsatisfactory and often contradictory, a new model was derived. It is based on more physiological principles than previous models, with a continuously varying exponential passage between four compartments in the gastrointestinal tract. From a review of previous work and our experience, a standard method of examination was developed. There is emphasis on normal physiological manoeuvres. The broad extent of useful information available in the study stems from the positions in which the patient is investigated, the quantity of labelled fluid swallowed, its physiological nature and observations of oesophageal transit, GOR, gastric emptying and pulmonary aspiration after two hours. The wide range of paediatric problems amenable to investigation by this means is described, including those of a life-threatening nature. Also, the importance of using this examination to determine the likelihood of successful surgical intervention in the gastro oesophageal region is explained. By using the observations made during swallows in neonates, the closure of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) was observed during a short series of rapid deglutitions. This extends previous knowledge of the function of the neonatal LOS. These findings were very clearly demonstrated by the condensed image technique. A comparison between the abilities of radiology and scintigraphy to detect GOR in paediatric patients, with and without oesophagitis, gives unequivocal results in favour of scintigraphy. Two independent clear correlations between oesophageal transit time and the severity of GOR and age are demonstrated by variance and correlation analysis. The mean duration of GOR, maximum height of a GOR, gastric contents 30 and 120 min after deglutition, the effect of the nature of liquid swallowed and age are also examined and their relations are described. The application of the method to assess drug response is illustrated by the paediatric use of cisapride, an experimental drug which increases acetylcholinesterase release. The deductions from this work include values of the radiation dose deposited in paediatric patients of various ages, after swallowing non- absorbed Tc-99m compounds. Other contributions are a scintigraphic means to allow recognition of the importance of oesophageal dysmotility in paediatrics, especially in the absence of GOR and its relevance to the efficacy of surgery in cases of apparent GOR. Also, this gastro oesophageal scintigraphic study provided information on the paediatric use of cisapride, the relevance of GOR to repeated respiratory problems and the recognition of a new paediatric syndrome analogous to the diffuse oesophageal spasm syndrome of adulthood. It has been demonstrated that a routine, uncomplicated, paediatric scintigraphic examination, useful for investigating a wide range of problems in both a first and third world setting is possible for a nuclear medicine practitioner with normally available radiopharmaceuticals, equipment and radiographical expertise.
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Warren, Ann Marie. "Partner abuse: Health consequences to women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5534/.
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Intimate partner violence is endemic in the United States. According to the American Medical Association (1992), one-fifth to one-third of women will sustain violence from a partner or ex-partner in their lifetime. The relevant literature was organized by ICD-9-CM categories. This study examined the health consequences of partner abuse in a sample of community women using a sample consisting of 564 women in three ethnic groups. Because prior research has failed to account for variations by type of abuse on health consequences, this study assessed psychological abuse, violence and sexual aggression by women's partners. To determine whether or not different types of abuse had an effect on women's health, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The regression equations were calculated for women within each ethnic group to facilitate identification of similarities and differences and to control for ethnic differences in risk for specific diseases. The results were consistent with past research on health consequences of abuse and extended the prior literature by showing that psychological abuse had a pervasive effect on health conditions, distress and use of health care resources. Additionally, ethnic differences emerged. As expected, ethnicity appeared to function as a moderator. Clinical implications and recommendations are made for future research, suggesting the development of a new assessment tool for partner abuse screening.
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Munro, Catherine A. M. "Developing a dialogue on health : user involvement in health and health services." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/291/.
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In common with other areas of public services, recent years have seen a shift in the National Health Service (NHS), with increased power and authority transferring from professionals towards the users of services. As a result, user involvement has come to form a central element of government policy on public services, and health in particular, with a series of specific policy commitments to give users a stronger voice and to involve them in the health service having been published by both the Westminster and Scottish parliaments. These seek to increase users’ involvement in making decisions about their own care and treatment, in examining and improving the quality of services and in policy and planning activity. In doing so, this policy aspires to respond to the changing culture of personal and societal expectations of health and the health service; to build democratic participation in the difficult targeting and rationing decisions faced by health agencies and, thus, to help renew public trust and strengthen confidence in the NHS. These are ambitious aims with far-reaching implications as they represent a transformation in the interaction between users, health professionals and health policy makers. This thesis examined how this policy has been understood and implemented in the NHS by exploring the scope, relevance and quality of the user involvement processes available in three health service settings. In order to develop a better understanding of the issues in user involvement it explored the nature of user participation; the character of user representation and the barriers and facilitators to user involvement in maternity, gynaecological oncology and mental health services. The study examined the response to this policy within these three settings; the functioning of existing user involvement mechanisms and their capacity to involve users in determining their individual health care and in shaping health services and policy to their definition of need. From this examination it defined the key features of a model process for user involvement within the professional service culture and organisational ethos of the NHS. The study then drew conclusions on the capacity of these current user involvement processes to deliver on the policy directive to develop both individual treatment and health services in ways that are responsive and accountable to users. Finally, the thesis identified those areas that require further research before proposing the lessons for the further development of this significant and potentially influential policy directive.
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Mingotti, Nicola. "Passive environmental design for health." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709015.
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Yang, Lin. "Physical activity in adults : investigating the contribution of active travel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610782.
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Dominguez, Socorro Escandon. "Temporal aspects of Mexican American intergenerational caregiving." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280544.
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Problem and background. Caregiving for elderly family members can be viewed as a part of and extension of supportive behaviors between individuals. Consequently, there are cultural undertones to caregiving and what is supportive in one culture may not be in another. Mexican American caregiving has not been well studied; however, Mexican Americans are reported to be more likely to use family as resource for solving problems than non-Hispanic whites. Purpose. Guided by caregiving framework developed by Bowers (1987), Wilson (1989) and Nolan et al. (1995, 1996, & 1997) this study employed grounded theory to formulate a conceptual model of intergenerational caregiving among Mexican American families focusing on characteristics of the temporal axis which defines caregiving in terms of (1) family structure or generational attitudes (historical time); (2) what and how shared understandings with elders and among family members influence who assumes the caregiver role and when (kin time); (3) how entry into the caregiving role affects the entire family (intergenerational development time); and (4) how entry into the caregiving role affects the caregivers' peer relationships (peer time). This study also builds theory about how acculturation influences family care giving. Design, methods. This exploratory study was guided by grounded theory methodology where interviews were taped and analyzed using grounded theory's constant comparative method of analysis. Sample. The sample consisted of Mexican American caregivers (n = 10) of various generations over the age of 21 who provided at lest one intermittent service (without pay at least once a month) to an elder, related through consanguinal or acquired kinship ties. Results. Grounded theory of Role Acceptance comprised of four phases: (1) Introduction: Early Caregiving Experiences; (2) Role Reconciliation; (3) Role Imprint; and (4) Providing/Projecting Care. Significance. This study provides a Mexican American intergenerational caregiving model that can be utilized to study varied generations of Mexican American caregivers. It also provides a framework for comparison with other groups of caregivers. Results of this study also inform health professionals about ways in which Mexican American caregivers view caregiving. This information has potential to increase cultural competence in delivery of health care to elders and their families.
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Brjánsson, Guðjón S. "Managerial aspects on governance of healthcare in Iceland." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3640.
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Purpose: This study aimsto analyze managerial aspects of governance within Icelandic healthcare institutions, particularly regarding job descriptions and policy-making plans. Method: We used a qualitative research method and content analysis to examinedata collected from semi-structured interviews Ten participants (5 malesand 5 females) who worked as senior managers, middle-management executives in the healthcare service, and Ministry of Welfare officials. The participants reflected a breadth of experience and education across the spectrum of age, length of service, and work experience in both hospitals and primary care. Results: Data analysis revealed three main categories including policy-making plans in healthcare, which identified a considerable gap between managers and executives on one side and the Ministry of Welfareon the other, especially regarding strategy. Incidental control and effect of politicians on healthcare operation. Second, inrelation to the Ministry of Welfareand healthcare institutions we observed unstructured, onerous, and remote communications and organization that focused too little on professional issues. The Ministry of Welfare tended to interfere with managers’ responsibilities and scope of work. Third, we observeds trengths and weaknesses in management. Strengths includedad ministrators’ enthusiasm, ideas of empowerment, short lines of communications, and often straightfor ward interactions, compared withweaknesses in the workprocesses within healthcare institutions and toward the Ministryo f Welfare, and also in job descriptions and vague definitions of the institutions’role. Conclusion: The indications reported here suggestun clear policy-making plansfor healthcare institutions. Although managers and executives maintained that visions for the futureare vague, the Ministry of Welfare stated that the strategy was clear. The study identified a need of strengthening and restructuring the way of communications, as well as clarifying managers’ role toward the Ministry of WelfareISBN 978-91-982282-7-4
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Catena, Rodolfo. "Essays on health care operations management." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3c2035a6-b5d0-43b7-9b12-4883e5db4526.
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The aim of operations management in health care is to enhance the provision of services to patients and to decrease costs. Overall worldwide health care expenditures represent around 10.5% of the global GDP and are projected to increase at an annual rate of 5.3% from 2015 to 2017 [74]. In order to investigate how to curb health care costs, I study the English NHS, a health care system that provided universal care to around 54 million people in 2014 [243]. The NHS has launched many initiatives to improve the performance of hospital operations such as the "QIPP" program, which has the objective to save £20 billion of costs by 2015 [98]. Given this framework, this research aims to contribute to the theory that is guiding these operational changes, using data on all admissions to hospitals and focussing on the inguinal hernia, one of the most common surgical procedures [86]. In the next chapters, this research describes inguinal hernia care delivery in the English NHS, examines the impact of spillovers and complementarities on costs, and investigates the effects of length of stay reduction on risk of re-admission and risk of death. The findings of this thesis indicate that one of the possible problems in the delivery of inguinal hernia care in the NHS is the decrease in the number of elective operations performed and the increase in readmission rates. They also clarify how decisions on allocation of resources can affect hospital expenditures by showing that loss in focus can increase health care costs and by pointing out that there is little evidence to support the theory of spillovers and complementarities in the surgical context. Finally, the results of this research can be used to suggest the logic of a policy to decrease length of stay that can inform hospital decisions and can decrease hospital costs.
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Poget, Gaël. "Legal aspects of facilitation in civil aviation : health issues." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81228.
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As you probably know, to board the B777-300ERi in Geneva for Anchorage via London, is not just that simple. With your ticket you bought several days before, you come to the airport, check in, pay airport's fees, go through the customs and security checks, walk in the terminal following signs, maybe you stop in the duty free shops, and finally find your gate. By this time, you are ready to board, about one hour after you enter the airport.We will be essentially interested in air law that is why, the purpose of this master's thesis is to consider the legal aspect of facilitation in civil aviation. The term facilitation refers to the process that passengers, crew, luggage, cargo and mail have to go through when they cross borders to fly from a point A to a point B.
Recently, an aspect of facilitation took an outstanding importance: health issues. At the end of last year, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak was a real threat to international civil aviation because passengers (and crews) could have been exposed to an infected person inside the terminal or on board the plane, also, aircrafts were considered a fast vector of this disease through the world. The economic consequences for airlines and airports were very painful.
iBoeing 777-300 Extended Range.
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Goulding, Anneli. "Mental health aspects of paranormal and psi related experiences /." Göteborg : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/190.
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Moore, James W. E. "Aspects of colonic sulphur metabolism in health and disease /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdm822.pdf.
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Palmer, Keith. "Aspects of human health and occupational exposure to vibration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312305.
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Otter, Robert. "Aspects of environmental public health in Portsmouth, 1764-1864." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387284.
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Goulding, Anneli. "Mental health aspects of paranormal and psi related experience /." Göteborg : Göteborg university, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402242195.
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Pari, Anees Ahmed Abdul. "Health economic aspects in the management of bipolar disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f8ea6eae-9111-4efe-87d1-52276d97e827.
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Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and has a detrimental impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and personal and social functioning. Despite this, there is insufficient knowledge of the costs, HRQoL implications relevant to BD, and the cost-effectiveness of current treatments for BD in the UK. This thesis aims to inform decisions about local and national service provision by applying a variety of health economic tools to build an economic case for BD. First, economic evaluations of BD management strategies are systematically reviewed. A cost-of-illness study is then conducted to estimate the societal burden of BD in the UK and explore the factors that drive variations in these costs. The appropriateness of applying the EQ-5D-3L outcome measure in BD is assessed, and the feasibility of mapping disease-specific measures to the EQ-5D-3L is explored. Finally, a cost-utility analysis (CUA) is conducted to bring together evidence on the costs and outcomes associated with alternative psychological interventions in BD management. This thesis makes critical contributions to multiple research domains, informing the allocation of scarce healthcare resources in this context. There is a sheer dearth of evidence on cost-effectiveness strategies for the long-term management of BD in the UK, especially the evidence for psychological therapies is limited. The annual societal costs associated with BD in the UK are estimated to be £5.14 billion, demonstrating the significant economic burden associated with this disease. The EQ-5D-3L instrument is found to be useful in measuring HRQoL in BD patients who predominantly experience depressive symptoms but is not sensitive enough to detect changes in individuals with mania. More psychometric evidence is therefore required before this instrument can be widely applied in economic evaluations of BD-related interventions. Finally, the CUA indicates that a novel structured psychoeducation intervention in individuals on remote mood monitoring in the UK is not cost-effective.
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Bergman, Julia. "Aspects of Gene Expression Profiling in Disease and Health." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär och morfologisk patologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312939.
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The aim of this thesis is to in various ways explore protein expression in human normal tissue and in cancer and to apply that knowledge in biomarker discovery. In Paper I the prognostic significance of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) is explored in malignant melanoma. To further evaluate the prognostic significance of RBM3 expression was assessed in 226 incident cases of malignant melanoma from the prospective populationbased cohort study Malmö Diet and Cancer Study using tissue microarray technique (TMA). RBM3 was shown to be down regulated in metastatic melanoma and high nuclear expression in the primary tumor was an independent marker of prolonged over all survival. As a tool to facilitate clinical biomarker studies the Human Protein Atlas has created a tissue dictionary as an introduction to human histology and histopathology. In Paper II this work is introduced. A cancer diagnosis can be a complex process with difficulties of establishing tumor type in localized disease or organ of origin in generalized disease. Immunohistochemically assisted diagnosis of cancer is common practice among pathologists where its application combined with known protein expression profiles of different cancer types, can strengthen or help dismiss a suspected diagnosis. In Paper III the diagnostic performance of 27 commonly used antibodies are tested in a predominantly metastatic, multicancer cohort using TMA technique. Overall these 27 diagnostic markers showed a low sensitivity and specificity for its intended use, highlighting the need for novel, more specific markers. Breast, ovarian, endometrial and ovarian cancers affect predominantly women. Differential diagnostics between these cancer types can be challenging. In Paper IV an algorithm, based on six different IHC markers, to differentiate between these cancer types is presented. A new diagnostic marker for breast cancer, namely ZAG is also introduced. In Paper V the transcriptomic landscape of the adrenal gland is explored by combining a transcriptomic approach with a immunohistochemistry based proteomic approach. In the adrenal gland we were able to detect 253 genes with an elevated pattern of expression in the adrenal gland, as compared to 31 other normal human tissue types analyzed. This combination of a transcriptomic and immunohistochemical approach provides a foundation for a deeper understanding of the adrenal glands function and physiology.
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Tzeng, Jone-Jiun. "Immunobiological and immunotherapeutic aspects of transplantable rat gliomas /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683756124386.
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Fitzwater, Kendra K. "Assessment of environmental and public health hazards of electronic waste." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1380100.
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Electronic waste or `e-waste' is a rapidly growing form of solid waste worldwide. The heavy metals present in various electronic components demand attention because such metals may leach and pose significant health and environmental hazards (U.S. EPA, 2007). Knowledge of the potential of heavy metal leaching from e-waste represents an important contribution for developing U.S. standards for classifying e-waste as hazardous waste. Hazardous elements which leach from a variety of electronics wastes were assessed in laboratory batch studies. Electronic components evaluated included PC cathode ray tubes, PC motherboards, PC mice, television remote controls, and cellular phones. Each component was disassembled and digested using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EPA Method 1312, Method EA NEN 7371 (Dutch Environmental Agency), and Method DEV-S4 (Germany). The extracts were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium, silver, and cobalt. The TCLP consistently leached the greatest amounts of all metals; TCLP-soluble lead was extracted well beyond federal limits for several electronic devices.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Gordon, Roberta June. "Pregnant women's perception and application of health promotion messages at community health centres." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Studies have shown that pregnant women do understand and value information of their unborn child. However, those providing health promotion services often focus on medical procedures and health education messages, ignoring the cultural, socio-economic and psychological dimensions that impact on women's health. This research aimed to look at a specific component of health promotion, i.e. health promotion messages shared with pregnant women attending Stellenbosch and Klapmuts Community Health Centre Antenatal Health Promotion Programme and their perceptions of how they apply messages in their daily lives.
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Martin, Susan P. "Young people's sexual health literacy : seeking, understanding, and evaluating online sexual health information." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8528/.
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Background: Improving the sexual health of young people is a key policy focus in Scotland. As the influence of the internet has grown within a rapidly changing health information landscape, so have opportunities for both sexual health promotion, and concerns about the challenges faced by young people in navigating this online environment. This study explores young people’s sexual health literacy (SHL), primarily within this online context. Methods: Paired interviews with friendship groups and observational online activities were used to explore young people’s experiences of finding, understanding and evaluating online sexual health information. A purposive sample of 49 participants (aged 16-19), diverse in terms of gender, sexuality and religion, were recruited from across Scotland from areas that varied in terms of deprivation and urban/rural classification. Findings: Participants varied in their confidence and ability to find and identify reliable information, and typically regarded identifying and filtering reliable sources as challenging. Barriers to accessing information on websites included: inaccessible language; inappropriate or non-relatable information; and websites that were difficult to navigate or did not function correctly. Concerns about stigma and ‘being seen’ seeking sexual health information was a key barrier. Stark differences, often mediated by gender, sexuality and educational circumstances, emerged in perspectives towards accessing sexual health information and support online. Findings suggest that different social media platforms present different opportunities and challenges; for example, social content sharing services such as YouTube may be useful venues for developing critical SHL, while social networking sites such as Facebook, may be less suitable to user’s active engagement in identity construction. Dissatisfaction with school-based sexual health education appears to be a catalyst for online information-seeking, but school-based sexual health education did little to equip young people to use the online environment effectively. Conclusions: Gender, sexual identity, stigma, structural factors and social support converge and intersect around young people’s SHL. A broad range of targeted interventions are needed to improve SHL, focusing on overcoming stigma, presenting positive messages and developing interactive and critical skills. Schools could do more to develop SHL skills, including teaching the digital and critical skills to seek and appraise online information. Expanding online sexual health services may effectively complement traditional services and encourage uptake, but it is essential that research establishes a robust, comprehensive conceptualisation of SHL, and develops measurement tools specific to SHL such that interventions can be evaluated and refined.