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Journal articles on the topic 'Health aspects of Burial'
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HALAJOVÁ, Denisa, and Richard KUBIŠTA. "Some Aspects Of Greenery Restoration And Maintenance Management Of Woody Plants In Cemeteries In Nitra, Slovakia." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotectuare 17, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2014-0008.
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Abstract Greenery of cemeteries creates a substantial part of the public greenery in our towns but often does not subserve greenery functions. The older architectonical burial places where the greenery is diminished on tree-lined communications by reason of spatial limitation represent the most widespread cemetery type of Slovak towns. Existence of woody plants at these conditions is affected by various negative factors which result in vitality decreasing and poor aesthetic standard of woody plants in burial places. The article is focused on evaluation of greenery in the two eldest cemeteries in Nitra town. The obtained data describe complex dendrological analysis, species composition, landscape value and health assessment of woody plants. On base of evaluation results we have proposed the principles of framework methodology for greenery restoration and maintenance management of woody plants in sepulchral places.
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Start, R. D., A. K. Dube, S. S. Cross, and J. C. E. Underwood. "Does Funeral Preference Influence Clinical Necropsy Request Outcome?" Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 4 (October 1997): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700409.
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Attitudes towards necropsy have been shown to be more favourable amongst those relatives preferring cremation as a method of disposal compared to those with a preference for burial. In a two-year retrospective study, no significant relationship was found between funeral preferences (burial or cremation) and clinical necropsy request outcome when age, sex and religion were taken into account. Potential religious objections to necropsy were infrequent and cremation was found to have become the most popular method of disposing of the dead during a period when local clinical necropsy rates have continued to decline. Funeral preference is unlikely to have been a significant factor in the decline in clinical necropsy rates.
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McKinley, Ian G. "An assessment of the radiological protection aspects of shallow land burial of radioactive waste." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2, no. 1 (January 1985): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(85)90027-x.
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Marais-Werner, A., J. Myburgh, A. Meyer, WC Nienaber, and M. Steyn. "Decomposition patterns of buried remains at different intervals in the Central Highveld region of South Africa." Medicine, Science and the Law 57, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802417705263.
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Burial of remains is an important factor when one attempts to establish the post-mortem interval as it reduces, and in extreme cases, excludes oviposition by Diptera species. This in turn leads to modification of the decomposition process. The aim of this study was to record decomposition patterns of buried remains using a pig model. The pattern of decomposition was evaluated at different intervals and recorded according to existing guidelines. In order to contribute to our knowledge on decomposition in different settings, a quantifiable approach was followed. Results indicated that early stages of decomposition occurred rapidly for buried remains within 7–33 days. Between 14 and 33 days, buried pigs displayed common features associated with the early to middle stages of decomposition, such as discoloration and bloating. From 33 to 90 days advanced decomposition manifested on the remains, and pigs then reached a stage of advanced decomposition where little change was observed in the next ±90–183 days after interment. Throughout this study, total body scores remained higher for surface remains. Overall, buried pigs followed a similar pattern of decomposition to those of surface remains, although at a much slower rate when compared with similar post-mortem intervals in surface remains. In this study, the decomposition patterns and rates of buried remains were mostly influenced by limited insect activity and adipocere formation which reduces the rate of decay in a conducive environment (i.e. burial in soil).
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Goldworth, Amnon. "Jeremy Bentham and the Patient in Room 326." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2, no. 2 (1993): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100000839.
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There is large, imposing-looking box in a wing of University College, London, that contains the lifelike remains of the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham. Bentham requested that upon his death, which occurred in 1832, his body should first be used for purposes of a medical lecture and then be place on display. His request was entirely utilitarian in character. For as a famous individual, Bentham could argue that it made less sense to be buried and then have a statue constructed of his likeness than to eliminate the burial by having himself made into a statue. He called the latter an auto-icon.
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Waters, H. R. "Some aspects of the modelling of permanent health insurance." Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 116, no. 3 (December 1989): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020268100036726.
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1.1 The traditional approach in the United Kingdom to the analysis of permanent health insurance (PHI) data and to the rating of PHI business has been the Manchester Unity approach. This approach, which has its origins in Friendly Society business, is in some ways unsuitable for modern PHI business. (An interesting discussion on this subject can be found in Report No. 7 of the Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau (C.M.I.R. 7, §4 (1984). For this reason the PHI Sub-Committee of the CMIB has recently been investigating the possibility of using a different approach, involving the use of a multiple state model, for analysing PHI data. A full report on the Sub-Committee's investigation will be published soon as C.M.I.R. 10.
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Franchitto, Nicolas, Vincent Bounes, Norbert Telmon, and Daniel Rougé. "Mitral valve prolapse and out-of-hospital sudden death: a case report and literature review." Medicine, Science and the Law 50, no. 3 (July 2010): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/msl.2010.100033.
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The emergency medical services were called to the workplace of a 25-year-old woman who appeared to be dead. The alarm was raised by employees who had found her unconscious at her desk. There was no semi-automatic defibrillator on the premises and no member of staff had received specific training in management of cardiac arrest. External cardiac massage was immediately started as advised by telephone by the emergency physician and ventricular fibrillation was diagnosed on arrival of the medical team. Despite continuous resuscitation, the victim did not revive. The death certificate was signed with a medicolegal objection to burial, leading to an inquiry. Several causes were suggested by the emergency physician who had been called to the patient, and who was unable to account for the death. Autopsy established the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. The authors stress that autopsy is imperative and detail the implications of such a procedure.
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Redfern, Rebecca C., Michael Marshall, Katherine Eaton, and Hendrik N. Poinar. "‘Written in Bone’: New Discoveries about the Lives and Burials of Four Roman Londoners." Britannia 48 (May 8, 2017): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x17000216.
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AbstractThe Museum of London selected four individuals for multidisciplinary scientific analyses in order to establish their ancestry, aspects of their personal appearance and health. We also reinterpreted their burial context in order to better understand how identity was constructed and expressed in this unique Roman settlement. Our study discovered the presence of people with Black and White European ancestry, some of whom had migrated from the southern Mediterranean. The most surprising result was that Harper Road woman's chromosomes were male. Overall, our experience of undertaking a multidisciplinary study served to further underline the need for these different techniques to be used in combination when investigating past identities. The mtDNA results were very broad and required the mobility isotopes to better understand their significance, while the aDNA evidence confirmed the osteological analysis. In terms of public engagement at the Museum of London, the ability to determine hair and eye colour had a significant impact.
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Noerwidi, Sofwan. "ASPEK BIOKULTURAL SISA RANGKA MANUSIA DARI SITUS LIANGAN, TEMANGGUNG, JAWA TENGAH." Berkala Arkeologi 36, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v36i1.226.
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In 2013, Center for Archaeological Research of Yogyakarta has found a human remain in Cluster F, Liangan site, Temanggung, which named as individual of Liangan F1. This study tries to reveals biological and cultural aspects which recorded on this remain by bioarchaeological approach. Biological aspects are including; age estimation, sex determination, population affinity, and pathology or health condition. Meanwhile, cultural aspects are including antemortem cultural practice which associated to dental modification, and perimortem taphonomy as evidence of funeral practices or burial procedures. Study on human remains from Liangan settlement site of Ancient Mataram Kingdom has opened our knowledge to understanding culture and human behavior which develop during the historical period of 9th-10th century AD in Java.Pada tahun 2013, Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta menemukan sisa rangka manusia di Kluster F situs Liangan, Temanggung, yang kemudian dinamakan individu Liangan F1. Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap aspek biologis dan kultural yang terekam pada individu Liangan F1dengan menggunakan pendekatan bioarkeologi. Aspek biologis yang diungkap mencakup estimasi usia, penentuan jenis kelamin, afinitas populasi, dan patologi atau kondisi kesehatan. Sedangkan aspek budaya mencakup kebiasaan modifikasi pada saat antemortem yang terkait dengan gigi, dan bukti tafonomi perimortem seperti praktek pemakaman atau tata cara penguburan. Studi sisa rangka manusia dari situs permukiman Mataram Kuna-Liangan ini telah membuka cakrawala kitadalam memahami budaya dan pola tingkah laku manusia yang berkembang pada masa Klasik abad 9 - 10 M di Jawa.
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Meier, Benjamin Mason, and Ana S. Ayala. "The Pan American Health Organization and the Mainstreaming of Human Rights in Regional Health Governance." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 3 (2014): 356–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12152.
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In the development of a rights-based approach to global health governance, international organizations have looked to human rights under international law as a basis for public health. Operationalizing human rights law through global health policy, the World Health Organization (WHO) has faced obstacles in efforts to mainstream human rights across the WHO Secretariat. Without centralized human rights leadership in an increasingly fragmented global health policy landscape, regional health offices have sought to advance human rights in health governance and support states in realizing a rights-based approach to health. Examining the efforts of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), this article explores the evolution of human rights in PAHO policy, assesses the mainstreaming of human rights in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (Bureau or PASB), and analyzes the future of the rights-based approach through regional health governance.
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Harrington, Christina, and Bethany Sprowl. "Family Members' Experiences with Viewing in the Wake of Sudden Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 64, no. 1 (February 2012): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.64.1.e.
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Sudden deaths leave families in crisis and interacting with many professionals from notification through to burial. Whether to view the deceased is often central to discussion. Practice guidelines have evolved over time regarding where, when, how, and why viewing should or should not occur. Unfortunately, there is much contradiction in existing recommendations and a marked absence of a supporting evidence base for the practice of viewing itself, and the influence of this practice on the overall bereavement process. Using a qualitative approach, this study explored the perspectives and experiences of the suddenly bereaved with respect to: viewing or not having viewed; whether or not their viewing experiences have impacted on their bereavement process; and explored particular aspects of their experience such as interactions with various professionals. Results of this study are clustered and presented under three core themes: viewing specifics; intrapersonal responses; and professional interactions.
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Hrytskevich, D. S. "PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS ON PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM RURAL BURIALS OF 14th—16th CENTURIES FROM THE TERRITORY OF POLOTSK LAND." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 37, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.04.23.
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Paleopathology deals with the identification and research of diseases that are fixed on the osteological material of ancient people. This anthropological direction, using a variety of methods, answers the questions of the origin and spread of diseases in ancient populations. The results of such studies help to reveal the following aspects: the influence of the environment, and consequently the adaptation of a person to its changes, professional occupations of the population, and related types of physical activity, diet, causes of physiological stress and the level of development of medicine.
The aim of the study is to assess the incidence of the rural population of the Belarusian Dvina region of the 14th—16th centuries by conducting a paleopathological study of bone material.
During the study, an anthropological examination of the remains of 72 people belonging to the rural population of the 14th—16th centuries was carried out. The osteological material was obtained during the archaeological excavations of three rural burial grounds in the Belarusian Dvina region-Ives, Biruli, and Dolgoe. During the research, special attention was paid to the identification and registration of paleopathological changes in bone material.
As a result, signs of the following groups of pathologies were identified: degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine and joints, skull injuries, dental system pathologies (caries, abscesses, paradontopathies), nonspecific reactions of the body (porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, enamel hypoplasia, vascular reaction).
As a result of the work performed to identify and interpret pathological changes, the main aspects reflecting changes in the health status of the ancient population due to a number of factors were identified: the manifestation of an active lifestyle of individuals, the influence of sanitary and hygienic conditions that existed in rural settlements of the studied period, and the supposed stressful situations to which the population was more or less exposed.
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de Vingo, P. "The Archaeology of Power in Lombard Female Burials in Central-Northern Italy. •." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 679–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2020.00021.
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This paper highlights several unusual aspects of the socio-political structure of Lombard society in the years following the conquest of Italy, bearing in mind that Germanic society consisted unequivocally of both men and women with complementary roles and the possibility of action, including intervention in the economic sphere, which could be expressed in various ways. As well as the capacity of foreigners to integrate with the local community, traditionally recognised in the two cemeteries of Nocera Umbra and Castel Trosino, the archaeological evidence shows a second form of integration with a process that took place exclusively within individual Germanic communities. The Collegno cemetery reveals the presence of women belonging to the Merovingian culture, probably from Transalpine territories and of high social status, who integrated with the Germanic community without losing the prerogatives of their rank during the transitional period. Lastly, the case of the Spilamberto cemetery shows how the formation of grave goods, and thus the investment capacity of individual families, corresponded to requirements that exceeded any other necessity including the state of health of female individuals. By placing all these elements on an ideal hypothetical level of reflection, it can be suggested that a funeral, at least until the mid-seventh century, was not just a religious ceremony but the moment when the family of the deceased displayed their economic capacity to absorb the roles, prerogatives and property of the dead person through the permanent loss of material goods, sometimes of significant value, when they were placed in the burial.
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Butani, Shail J. "Demographics Profile and Safety Aspects Pertaining to the Mining Population." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 8 (September 1987): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100816.
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In order for the Bureau of Mines (BOM) to focus health and safety research on the human factor element of the mining operations, it is essential to quantify and characterize the composition of the entire mining workforce with respect to occupation, job experience, age, education, region, etc. The BOM in 1986 began conducting a probability sample survey to measure the population characteristics of the mining industry workforce. The demographics profile provides information to questions such as, “What is the socio-economic background of the population?”, “What are the differences between the various groups of workforce?”, etc. This paper will discuss the utilization of the population characteristics with respect to the analysis of the mining industry accident data which are being collected on a continuing basis. In particular, this paper will outline how the demographic data are used in identifying those sectors of the population that are exhibiting higher than average accident rates. This information will be used to improve and expand mine health and safety research, and to customize training and safety programs for specifically identified demographic sectors of the mining industry population.
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Marshall, Ronald, and Patsy Sutherland. "The Social Relations of Bereavement in the Caribbean." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 57, no. 1 (August 2008): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.57.1.b.
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The objectives of this article are to discuss the various types of behaviors associated with grief and bereavement, and to examine the relationships, consequences, and outcomes of bereavement practices among the various religious and ethnic groups in the English-speaking Caribbean Islands of Jamaica, Trinidad, Grenada, and Barbados. The rituals associated with death and grief differs across cultures and is greatly influenced by religious beliefs and traditions. How these rituals are played out depend on the culture of origin and level of acculturation of the various groups into mainstream society. In the Caribbean region, expressions of grief represent religious and cultural traditions that may have a significant impact on social relations, particularly in multi-ethnic and multicultural societies. In the English-speaking Caribbean Islands of Jamaica, Trinidad, Grenada, and Barbados, mourning follows the patterns of traditional religious practices which have remained consistent over time. While families and friends may offer social support before and after burial or cremation, the social aspects of bereavement may also have implications for inter-group relations. Insights into bereavement practices and what it holds for ethnic and religious groups in contemporary Caribbean are presented.
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Karchmer, Cliff, Pam Tully, Leah Devlin, Frank Whitney, and Michael Sage. "New Pressures/New Partnerships: Public Health and Law Enforcement." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, S4 (2003): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00750.x.
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The, Police Executive Research Forum is completing a major initiative that encourages police chiefs to formalize working relationships with emergency medical personnel. The effort is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance as a demonstration with the goal of preventing recurring violence that eventually leads to homicide. The initiative originally involved a consortium of emergency room clinicians, emergency medical service (EMS) personnel, as well as police executives. The collaboration initially focused on arguably preventable dimensions of domestic violence and homicide. However, after “9/11” and the ensuing anthrax crisis, the project developed into a three-step draft interactive protocol for earlier police intervention in situations involving possible deaths and mass casualties. With this shift in the project, Police Executive Research Forum’s (PERF) principal collaborators shifted from emergency clinicians to public health practitioners.
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Khairedinova, Elzara. "Byzantine Healing Amulets from Southwestern Crimea." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.6.
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Introduction. The article presents two unique items from the Southwestern Crimea – a bronze finger ring with an image of a lion-headed serpent Chnoubis, originating from a female burial of the first quarter of the 7 th century of the Gothic-Alanian burial ground near the village of Luchistoye, and a bronze medallion, which was found in the area of the village of Goncharnoye, with magic signs, formulas and an image of Chnoubis, which is tied to an altar, fighting a snake. Methods. According to some similar findings from the territory of the Eastern Roman Empire, the ring and the medallion are attributed to the group of Byzantine medical amulets. The amulets of the Early Byzantine time demonstrate continuity with pre-Christian magical practices, therefore, late ancient magical gems and texts were involved to decipher the plots and inscriptions engraved on those amulets. Analysis. The finger ring was intended to improve digestion and to treat diseases of a digestive tract. The woman who owned the item was wearing it in a chest necklace, at the level of her stomach – just as it was recommended in medical treatises to wear amulets for abdominal pain. The medallion was a complex amulet intended for women. Chnoubis in the scene of fighting the snake and the spell ÐÉÍÏ are depicted on both sides of the medallion. In one case, Chnoubis is a guardian of a stomach and a fighter against diseases of the digestive tract, whose actions are enhanced by the three times repeated spell ÐÉÍÏ, which contributes to better digestion. In the second case, Chnoubis is a defender of women’s health, and the disappearing word ÐÉÍÏ should help stop pathological uterine bleeding. The action of the amulet is enhanced by a formula against demons that cause disease, and its healing properties are confirmed by the inscription ÕÃÉÁ (health). Such an amulet should be worn suspended from the neck by a long cord, or fastened to the belt. Results. Both items belong to the group of medical magic amulets. They were brought from the Eastern Mediterranean provinces of the Empire, where in the 6th – 7th centuries there were magic amulets similar in form and repertoire of protective means. The appearance of such items among the Gothic-Alanian population of the Southwestern Crimea is not surprising. The influence of the Byzantine civilization on all aspects of the life of the local population in the Early Middle Ages can be traced both from written sources and from numerous archaeological findings.
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Minihan, Paula M., Sarah N. Fitch, and Aviva Must. "What Does the Epidemic of Childhood Obesity Mean for Children with Special Health Care Needs?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 1 (2007): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00113.x.
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Although the obesity epidemic appears to have affected all segments of the U.S. population, its impact on children with special health care needs (SHCN) has received little attention. Children with special health care needs is a term used in the U.S. to describe children who come to the attention of health care providers and policy makers because they need different services and supports than other children. Government, at both the federal and state levels, has long felt a particular responsibility for safeguarding the health of children with special needs. The definition children with special health care needs, in fact, was developed by a work group established by the U.S. Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) to assist states in their efforts to develop community systems of services for children with complex medical and behavioral conditions.
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Bursell, Rupert. "Aspects of Burial and Exhumation." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 19, no. 2 (May 2017): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x17000059.
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This article considers a number of legal questions surrounding burial and exhumation. Based on an extensive paper given at the Ecclesiastical Law Society's conference in 2015, it builds on previous work by the author in this area and examines the changes in the law brought about by recent case law.
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Santarsiero, A. "Hygienic aspects related to burial." Microchemical Journal 67, no. 1-3 (December 2000): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-265x(00)00109-0.
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Artnak, Kathryn E., Richard M. McGraw, and Vayden F. Stanley. "Health Care Accessibility for Chronic Illness Management and End-of-Life Care: A View from Rural America." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, no. 2 (2011): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00584.x.
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The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reporting on the quality of health care in America recommends six aims for achieving the health care system we could have. Together with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Triple Aim initiative, a framework has emerged to challenge providers, educators, and policymakers to remake the health care system according to specific objectives: to provide care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable to more people at a price we can afford. Complicating this mission of better prevention and better care at a lower cost is a daunting demographic: January of 2011 marked the month and year that the first of the baby boomers turned 65. The U.S. Census Bureau in May 2010 projected the number of Americans of this age and over to reach 88 million by 2050, more than double the current figure of 40.2 million. Parekh and Barton forecast in stark detail what it will be like to address these burgeoning numbers of older Americans with comorbidities, including the fact that over 20% of the population currently experiences at least two chronic medical conditions.
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Sergeeva, V. V., and A. U. Rodionova. "Arterial hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome: clinical expert parameters, disability and aspects of rehabilitation." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 24, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2018-24-3-321-330.
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Objective. To study clinical and expert parameters, life limitations and aspects of rehabilitation using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in patients with systemic hypertension (HTN) associated with metabolic syndrome (MS).Design and methods. The study included 273 patients with HTN and MS, examined in the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of St Petersburg. All patients underwent complete examination when referred for medical and social expertise. The profile of patients’ functioning and rehabilitation effectiveness were studied using the ICF domains: b4200 — increased blood pressure; b4150 — arterial function; b4101 — heart rate; b4102 — myocardial contractility; b4550 — general physical endurance; b460 — cardiovascular sensations. The severity of the violations was coded using a quantitative assessment from their absence (0–4%) to absolute violations (96–100%).Results. In HTN patients examined in the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of St Petersburg, the 3‑component MS (disorders of glucose metabolism, abdominal obesity, increased level of low-density lipoproteins) is the most common one. Persistent violations result from a high degree of HTN, severity of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, functional class of angina and chronic heart failure, severity of arrhythmias. Evaluation of cardiovascular dysfunction with ICF showed a wide range from absence of violations to absolute impairments in the same patient. The patients demonstrate 1–2 degree disability. After rehabilitation measures, some ICF domains changed.Conclusions. Clinical and expert evaluation of HTN with MS is variable depending on the severity of MS components. Patients with HTN with MS, recognized as disabled, need a complex of rehabilitation measures, including all the main directions of an individual rehabilitation/habilitation program. ICF can be used to assess impaired functions in patients and their changes after rehabilitation measures.
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Li, Shijie, and Yongchuan Tang. "A Simple Framework of Smart Geriatric Nursing considering Health Big Data and User Profile." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5013249.
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The National Bureau of Statistics of China shows that the population over 65 years old in China exceeds 166 million accounting for 11.93% of the total population by the end of 2018. The importance and severity of taking care of the elderly are becoming increasingly prominent. High-quality and meticulous care for the daily life of the elderly needs helpful and advanced sciences and technologies. Smart geriatric nursing is a must. Basing on the professional knowledge of geriatric nursing, this paper proposes a framework of smart geriatric nursing which consists of three aspects of smart nursing: smart geriatric nursing in physical health using biosensor and advanced devices, smart geriatric nursing in mental health based on user profile, and smart geriatric nursing for daily life based on big data in health. The deployment of the proposed method relies on the technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), user profile system, big data, and many other advanced information technologies. The framework of methods can provide a useful reference for the systematic technical scheme of smart geriatric nursing in an aging society.
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DE JONG, Lidewijde. "Aspects of Roman Burial Practices in Beirut." ARAM Periodical 13 (January 1, 2001): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/aram.13.0.504504.
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Pletenetska, A. O. "FORENSIC MEDICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL CARE IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.2.2020.7.
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Relevance. Sometimes statistics on medical errors are hushed up, and information about individual incidents becomes known thanks to the media.
Objective: to identify the most common obstetric-gynecological profile defects and their causes by analyzing the data of the State Statistics Service on maternal and infant mortality during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period and compare it with the forensic analysis of obstetric-gynecological profile medical care.
Materials and methods. 625 cases were analyzed according to the State Statistics Service on maternal and infant mortality during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, court sentences in criminal cases under Articles 139 and 140 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, according to the Unified State Register of Court Decisions of Ukraine since 2009 in 2019, as well as data from forensic medical examination commissions on “medicinal matters” for 2013-2019 performed by the State Institution “Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, including cases of previous departmental audits by the commissions of the Health Administration. The data obtained were subjected to statistical processing by standard methods of descriptive statistics.
Results. In these 255 examinations, defects in the provision of medical care were found by expert commissions in 186 cases, which amounted to 72.9%. Moreover, of these "defective cases", 62.9% (117 cases) were in a direct causal relationship with an unfavorable outcome; 35.5% (6 cases) - in some deficiencies that did not have a causal relationship with the onset of fetal death. In 3 cases of examinations in gynecology, there were contradictions in the entries in the medical documentation, they did not allow assessing the quality of medical care and the relationship with the consequences. At the pre-hospital stage (in the clinic), defects were allowed in 65.5%, and at the hospital - in 72.8%. In the presence of departmental inspections in 23%, there was a complete coincidence of the results of the conclusions of the commissions of the bureau of forensic medical examination and medical examination, and only in cases of significant defects in direct causal connection with the consequences. At the same time, when analyzing 53 court sentences according to the register of court decisions, it turned out that 13 of them related to the obstetric and gynecological profile, and 12 of them were indictment. In all cases, the source of evidence in cases was exclusively the “Expert Conclusions”.
Conclusions. It was found that forensic medical examinations for the provision of obstetric and gynecological medical care occupy a leading place in the overall structure of commission examinations in “medical matters”, in the vast majority of examinations, defects in the provision of medical care were found that were in direct causal connection with an unfavorable outcome.
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Zaritskyi, H. "CHALLENGING ISSUES RELATING TO COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION IN MOTOR VEHICLE INJURIES: FORENSIC MEDICAL ASPECTS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.3.192.
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Motor vehicle traumas are among the most common causes of injury both in Ukraine and around the world. Comprehensive examinations enable investigating and judicial authorities to investigate and detect crimes in cases of motor accident. The purpose of the study was to identify the most common challenging issues arising during the complex expert examinations traumas caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVA) and the ways to solve them by analyzing data obtained from forensic examinations of non-survivors in motor vehicle accidents in Ukraine. Results and discussion. According to 45 complex examination reports from the State Institution «Main Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine» it was impossible to identify the position of the victims at the moment of trauma (and to identify the places the victims set in the car salon) due to the lack of primary data in 20% of the cases studied; and in only 5 cases it was possibility to establish the position of the victims at the moment of injury. Determining the location of the victim in the car, pedestrian, etc. can be only identified by characteristic and specific injuries, which are not always paid attention during the initial examination of cadavers. A lot of medical records can omit the description of some injuries (size, localization, shape, morphological features, etc.) or do not provide complete information that impedes the investigative of motor vehicle accidents. Another cause to identify the position of MVA non-survivor is inability to indicate the mechanism and sequence of damage to the car during the auto-technical expert examination. Conclusion. The study has shown that the main factors impeding the MVA investigation and clarifying the picture of event are: violation of the «Rules for conducting forensic expert examination of corpses in the forensic examination bureau» during the initial examination; the absence or poor quality description in the protocols and guidelines for the inspection of the accident scene, including physical evidence and the condition of the vehicle; the inability to establish the nature of injuries on the body of victims or non-survivors and damage to vehicles due to delays in the investigation of crimes; drawbacks in filling in and keeping medical documentation: absence or incomplete description of damage (size, shape, location, morphological features, etc.).
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Seungmi, Lee, and Maksim Stoyakin. "Funerary and Social Aspects of Koguryo Pottery." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 5 (2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-5-87-98.
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Purpose. Previous studies on Koguryo ceramics covered some general information on the archaeological objects found or specific related issues. Our research focuses on the ceramics found only in burials as we aimed at describing typological and technological features of the burial ceramics. The territorial and chronological comparative analysis of the vessels which has been conducted shows the features of each period and region in Koguryo and reveals the development of social background in this state. Results. The burial ceramics analyzed consists of 183 vessels which are divided into 22 types. According to the concentration of burials with ceramics, we identified 4 big areas along major river basins, which are administratively related to modern Liaoning and Jilin provinces of China, North and South Korea. Analysis of the spatial factor of burial ceramics shows that the largest variety of types was found in the Yalu River region, with the next Pyongyang area. This was due to the central location of these territories in Koguryo, which used to be the capital of the state for several centuries. By contrast, there are only few types and samples of funerary ceramics found in the Hun River and Imjin River basin. Most likely, it is due to the fact that they were provinces or suburbs with a political and economic system that was not considered safe yet. Our research shows territorial preferences in using certain types of burial pottery, which was classified according to its characteristics and features. Conclusion. Koguryo’s burial ceramics is divided into storage vessels and cooking vessels, and together they symbolically generalize the concept of “food.” We concluded that the concept of food in the Otherworld was important for the ancient Korean population. We also confirmed that after the 4th AD ceramic replicas of household items and glazed ceramics began to be buried in Koguryo tombs. It was closely related to the introduction of a new burial type in Koguryo.
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Gentile, Guendalina, Marta Nicolazzo, Rachele Bianchi, Paolo Bailo, Michele Boracchi, Stefano Tambuzzi, and Riccardo Zoja. "Mortality in Prisons: The Experience of the Bureau of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) (1993–2017)." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 1_suppl (January 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420934266.
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We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths that took place in prisons in Milan between 1993 and 2017, by identifying cases from a total of 24,101 autopsies that were performed at the Section of Forensic Medicine of the University of Milan. From the archives of this institution, we found 227 autopsy reports relating to deaths that had taken place in one of Milan’s three detention facilities. These deaths were divided into two types: natural deaths ( n=135; 59.5%) and violent deaths ( n=92; 40.5%). The groups have different characteristics: while natural deaths mostly resulted from cardiovascular diseases, suicides were mainly the result of hanging. Further, people who died by suicide often had a history of psychiatric disease and/or drug abuse, and over a quarter of them had previous suicide attempts and/or had declared suicidal intentions. This study confirms the need for good quality healthcare services for prisoners, given that they remain a population at high risk of early death.
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Fluss, Sev S. "The Evolution of Research Ethics: The Current International Configuration." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 4 (2004): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb01965.x.
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I propose in this essay to briefly describe some of the main current stakeholders who issue guidance on the ethics of human subjects research. This will be preceded by a very brief historical introduction.Prior to World War II, as far as I have been able to ascertain, there were no international efforts to regulate human experimentation. National activities were few and far between. One exception was a Directive on Human Experimentation issued in December 1900 by the then Prussian Minister of Religious, Educational and Medical Mairs. This was followed by a Circular on innovative therapy and scientific experimentation promulgated by the then Reich Minister of the Interior in February 1931. Just over five years later, in April 1936, the Bureau of the Medico-Scientific Council of the People’s Commissariat for Health of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic (RSFSR), the main constituent Republic of the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, issued an Advisory Resolution on the procedures for testing new medicinal substances and methods which may present a hazard for the health and life of patients.
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Calnan, Siân, Herman J. Sixma, Michael W. Calnan, and Peter P. Groenewegen. "Quality of Local Authority Occupational Therapy Services: Developing an Instrument to Measure the User's Perspective." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 4 (April 2000): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300403.
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The aims of this paper are threefold: (1) to describe the development of an instrument measuring quality of care from the specific perspective of the users of local authority occupational therapy services; (2) to present the results from a survey of users' views about the quality of services offered by a county-wide local authority occupational therapy service compared with other health and social care services; and (3) to examine the potential of the instrument to form part of a more general process of quality assurance and quality improvement within local authority occupational therapy services. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Focus group discussions with users preceded a postal survey. Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 997 disabled people living in Kent who were users of the local authority Occupational Therapy Bureau. The response rate was 55%. An instrument was developed (QUOTE-OT) which was tailored to the expressed needs of the users of a local authority occupational therapy service (Kent Occupational Therapy Bureau). On the basis of this new instrument, the Kent Occupational Therapy Bureau received relatively high performance scores on the quality of care dimensions that were the most important for users, such as aspects that referred to courtesy and the level of professional competence. On the other hand, room for improvement existed on aspects such as the accessibility of occupational therapy services, information given to users and follow-up services. The evidence suggests that the QUOTE-OT questionnaire for assessing users' views of quality of care could be an appropriate tool for evaluating and monitoring local authority occupational therapy service quality.
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Bahri, Samsul, Bustamin, Muchlis Muhayyang, and Britney. "Aspects of Legality For Crew’s Ship Burial At Sea." PROSIDING POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN MAKASSAR 1, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48192/prc.v1i4.342.
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Basically burying is burying the body or corpse in the ground. The purpose of burying is to protect the corpse from physical reproach and covering the personal disgrace of the corpse, in addition to avoiding the process of decomposition that spread the smell and the bacteria or viruses from the corpse’s decomposition process. The burial process by throwing corpse into the sea is the last option taken by the leadership onboard. With various considerations.Colonialism and war were the two main reasons for burial or burial into the sea in the 19th century. The ILO Seafarer's Service Regulations on sea sailing are carried out for several reasons including: ships sailing in international waters; ABK has been dead for more than 24 hours or the death is due to infectious diseases; several cases of dumping bodies into the sea were carried out because there were no facilities for handling bodies on board. the ship is unable to store the bodies for hygiene reasons. Refrigerator is one of device that can be holded decomposition process with temperature at + 4 ℃ and -20 ℃. The company must be responsible for the investigation process and provide confirmation of the cause of death of the crew's ship through autopsy.
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De la Torre-Aboki, J., I. Pitsillidou, J. Uson Jaeger, E. Naredo, L. Terslev, M. Boesen, H. Pandit, et al. "AB1362-HPR COMMON PRACTICE IN DELIVERY OF INTRA-ARTICULAR THERAPIES IN RMDS BY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS: RESULTS FROM A EUROPEAN SURVEY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1968.2–1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.96.
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Background:Intra-articular therapies (IAT) are routinely used in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs); however large variability exists regarding current practice of delivery amongst health professionals.Objectives:To inquire about common practice aspects to inform the EULAR Taskforce for the IAT of arthropathies.Methods:A steering committee prepared a 160-item questionnaire based on the information needs of the Taskforce. The survey was disseminated via EULAR professional associations and social media and it was open to any health professional treating persons with RMDs, regardless of using IAT personally.Results:The survey was answered by 186 health professionals from 26 countries, the large majority of whom (77%) were rheumatologists, followed by nurses (12%), general practitioners (2%) and orthopaedic surgeons (2%). The two collectives that perform IAT routinely are rheumatologists (97%) and orthopaedic surgeons (89%), with other professionals <50%. Specific training was compulsory for 32%. The most frequent indication for IAT is inflammatory arthritis (76%), followed by osteoarthritis (74%), crystal arthritis (71%) and bursitis (70%); and all joints are injected, with knee (78%) and shoulder (70%) being the most frequent. When questioned about specific contexts, such as pre-surgical, diabetic or hypertensive patients, variability among respondents was evident, with around 30 to 69% of professionals considering it acceptable to inject glucocorticoids (GC), while in others there was less variability (prosthetic or septic joints, <1%). GCs are the most used compounds, followed by hyaluronic acid and saline/dry puncture. Only 66 (36%) use ultrasound to guide IAT. In their opinion, to be accurately in the joint is moderately to largely important for large joints (80%) and very important in small joints. The maximum number of injections to perform safely in the same joint within one year was “2 to 3” for 65% (2% thought there is “No limit”). The majority reported that they informed patients about side-effects (73%), benefits (72%), and the nature of the procedure (72%), and less frequently about other aspects; with 10% obtaining written consent and 56% oral consent (mandatory only for 32%). Other questions help to understand the setting and procedures followed, including use of local anaesthetics and care after injection.Conclusion:Although often performed in clinical practice for RMDs, there is apparent variability in several elements related to delivery of this treatment. This information, together with patient input, will help design current recommendations where research evidence is not available.Acknowledgments:Eular Taskforce grant CL109Disclosure of Interests:Jenny de la Torre-Aboki: None declared, IRENE Pitsillidou: None declared, Jacqueline Uson Jaeger: None declared, Esperanza Naredo: None declared, Lene Terslev: None declared, Mikael Boesen Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Esaote, Glenmark, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Paid instructor for: IAG, Image Analysis Group, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, esaote, Glenmark, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB (scientific advisor)., Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Esaote, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Hemant Pandit Grant/research support from: Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK) for work on Diclofenac Gel, Speakers bureau: Bristol Myers Squibb for teaching their employees about hip and knee replacement, Ingrid Möller: None declared, Maria Antonietta D’Agostino Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Novartis, and Roche, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Novartis, and Roche, Willm Uwe Kampen: None declared, Terence O’Neill: None declared, Michael Doherty Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca funded the Nottingham Sons of Gout study, Consultant of: Advisory borads on gout for Grunenthal and Mallinckrodt, Francis Berenbaum Grant/research support from: TRB Chemedica (through institution), MSD (through institution), Pfizer (through institution), Consultant of: Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, UCB, Abbvie, Roche, Servier, Sanofi-Aventis, Flexion Therapeutics, Expanscience, GSK, Biogen, Nordic, Sandoz, Regeneron, Gilead, Bone Therapeutics, Regulaxis, Peptinov, 4P Pharma, Paid instructor for: Sandoz, Speakers bureau: Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, UCB, Abbvie, Roche, Servier, Sanofi-Aventis, Flexion Therapeutics, Expanscience, GSK, Biogen, Nordic, Sandoz, Regeneron, Gilead, Sandoz, Valentina Vardanyan: None declared, Elena Nikiphorou: None declared, Sebastian C Rodriguez-García Speakers bureau: Novartis Farmaceutica, S.A., Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Sanofi Aventis, UCB Pharma, Raul Castellanos-Moreira: None declared, Loreto Carmona Grant/research support from: Novartis Farmaceutica, SA, Pfizer, S.L.U., Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Roche Farma, S.A, Sanofi Aventis, AbbVie Spain, S.L.U., and Laboratorios Gebro Pharma, SA (All trhough institution)
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Wijegunasekara, Himali. "Coordination of Nutrition related Units in Sri Lanka." Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2020.6603.
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All people have a right to good nutrition. However in Sri Lanka, still anemia, underweight and stunting prevail with regional disparities. There are many determinants for poor nutrition and which leads to many adverse outcomes. As these determinants are multifaceted it requires several different sectors to work collaboratively, complement their activities and share resources to improve the nutritional status of the country. In this article; the initiatives such as development of the National Nutrition policy and Strategic frame work; establishment of Presidential Secretariat, Nutrition Secretariat, Nutrition Steering Committee and Nutrition Coordination Division; the contribution of different divisions of the Ministry of Health such as Nutrition Division, Family Health Bureau, Health Education Bureau, Epidemiology Unit, Food Safety unit, Environment and Occupational Health unit, Non Communicable Disease Unit, Youth, Elderly and Disabled unit, Estate and Urban Health Unit, Medical Research Institute, Medical Statistics Unit; Hospital Nutrition Units, food supplement programmes; the assistance of United Nations agencies, Professional Associations, other Ministries of the government and Non-Governmental Organizations; the importance of National Nutrition Surveillance system and the coordination by the Nutrition Coordination Division are described. Author’s feelings regarding the coordination between nutrition related units in the country were expressed. Subsequently, favorable aspects and deficiencies were evaluated and the possible underlying factors and consequences were analyzed. In conclusion, it can be said that a strong coordinating body for inter - sectoral coordination, information feedback, data sharing and analysis; assessment of current level of multi sectoral coordination and multi sectoral interventions; development of provincial specific strategies and micro plans at house hold level; strengthening of community based organizations, village committees and volunteers; proper streamlining of multiple information systems in the country in order to monitor & evaluate the operations to avoid duplications and negligence; are required. Accordingly, recommendations were provided to address the issue.
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Shapiro, E. Donald, and Stewart Reifler. "Forensic DNA Analysis and the United States Government." Medicine, Science and the Law 36, no. 1 (January 1996): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600109.
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All three branches of the United States Government are, directly or indirectly, promoting the use and judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis. In addition, the establishment of a US national DNA databank has been authorized. The US Congress has passed the ‘DNA Identification Act of 1994’, which provides, inter alia, funding to the states for developing and/or improving forensic laboratories capable of conducting DNA analysis, and also creates a framework for federal supervision of forensic DNA technology. Specifically, the Executive Branch, through the Department of Justice and particularly its Federal Bureau of Investigation, has been directed to develop standards and practices in order to speed the admissibility of forensic DNA analysis as scientifically acceptable evidence in US courts. Finally, the federal judiciary has been ordered by the US Supreme Court to abandon or modify the 70-year-old Frye standard, which the Federal courts previously used to determine whether scientific evidence is deemed admissible, a move that will directly impact the judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis in all federal courts and undoubtedly will affect the admissibility of DNA evidence in many American state courts.
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Rao, S. Krishna, and Yosief Libsekal. "A Megalithic Circle from Ǝmba Dǝrho: Some Significant Aspects of Culture." Aethiopica 7 (October 22, 2012): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.7.1.278.
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The archeological evidence of megalithic stone circles at Ǝmba Dǝrho sheds some light on the development of prehistoric religion, with particular regard to death and burial. With the exception of slight changes from the prehistoric era, the material culture of megalithic burial at Ǝmba Dǝrho reflects the prehistoric tradition. It is thus direct proof of an historical continuum of prehistoric religion. An interesting aspect of the finds at Ǝmba Dǝrho concerns the evidence of cowry shells and teeth. The Eastern Cushitic speaking community – the Saho, who claim to have descended from the ʿAfar – trade cowry shells and are involved in certain smuggling activities on the coast with Saudi Arabia. It is therefore logical to assume that the builders of the megalithic circles at Ǝmba Dǝrho may also have been involved in similar activities. The type of pottery found at the burial site suggests it was used by an individual and associated with different routine activities during his lifetime. In Ǝmba Dǝrho two types of megalithic circles were found: single stone circles, and double stone circles (an inner circle within a larger circle); these may have been arranged by two different groups. Such differences, however, could also have been the result of the influence of micro-environmental variations within the same ecological zone. With regard to the ethnicity and origins of megalithic circles, there exists a general disagreement. A few hundred megalithic burial sites were excavated in India. Some scholars suggest they have Celtic or Scythian origins, and others suggest Iranian origins, but it is only a few that emphasize indigenous Dravidian origin on the basis of living megalithic traditions (Deo 1978: 451). With the discovery of megalithic stone circles in Eritrea and other parts of Africa, we now have new examples of indigenous origins reflected in living traditions. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
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Valeyeva, Elvira T., Venera T. Akhmetshina, Elmira R. Shaikhlislamova, Rosa M. Bakieva, and Albina A. Distanova. "Аnalysis of selected indices of disability of adult population and health care workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan." HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-3-191-197.
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Introduction. The problem of disability of the population includes medical and social, economic, moral, and ethical aspects, since it affects a considerable number of people, mainly of working age. This also applies to health care workers, whose role in solving the tasks of state policy to preserve and prolong the active life of a person is invaluable. Purpose. Analysis of the levels, trend, and structure of primary disability among the Republic of Bashkortostan’s adult population and health care workers. Material and methods. Primary disability was studied according to the annual reports and 936 certificates of examination for disability in the Bureau of medical and Social expertise of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2015-2017. Results. During the analyzed period, there is practically no tendency to decrease disability indices among the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan; among health care workers, in 2017 this value decreased by 1.1 times compared to 2015, amounting to 49.5 per 10 thousand population. In the structure of primary disability, the most numerous both among the population and among medical workers were persons with group III disability. Among the causes of disability of the adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan, diseases of malignant aetiology (37.4%) and diseases of the circulatory system (25.9%) hold the top place. The direct access to disability, the cause of neoplasms of malignant aetiology, in medical workers for all the years of observation exceeded the national indices by 1.1-1.4 times. Breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer prevailed in the structure of oncological diseases among doctors. Disability among medical workers due to conditions of the circulatory system is established for every third doctor (32.9%). Conclusion. The basis for early diagnosis of diseases and prevention of disability of health care workers should be high-quality periodic medical examinations with mandatory implementation of the full scope of laboratory and functional research methods.
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Running Bear, Candi, William P. A. Terrill, Adriana Frates, Patricia Peterson, and Judith Ulrich. "Challenges for Rural Native American Students With Disabilities During COVID-19." Rural Special Education Quarterly 40, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756870520982294.
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The COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly changed almost all aspects of people’s everyday lives. This included new challenges in the education of Native American students with disabilities who live in rural and remote areas of the United States. Native American students with disabilities living on reservations are served by local schools, tribally controlled schools, and Bureau of Indian Education schools under the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In rural reservation communities during COVID-19, special education services for students with disabilities were significantly disrupted. Contributing factors were high rates of poverty, lack of adequate funding and staffing for health care, populations with higher rates of chronic illness, high percentages of homes with no running water or electricity, shortages of certified special educators, and barriers to alternative forms of education due to lack of access to high-speed internet and technology.
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Pyrah, James. "Cable Installation and Burial: Practical Considerations." Marine Technology Society Journal 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.1.7.
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AbstractThis Technical Note provides a practical background to the commonly used burial techniques for protecting power cables, with an emphasis on cable linking offshore wind turbines (commonly known as inter-array cables). Common definitions and abbreviations are discussed, and typical approaches undertaken are outlined. Installation aspects are also touched upon, with differences between typical oil and gas and renewables projects highlighted. Finally, CTC’s vision for the future, namely the installation of inter-turbine cables with no requirement to transfer personnel to the turbine foundation, is outlined.
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McAnany, Patricia A., Rebecca Storey, and Angela K. Lockard. "MORTUARY RITUAL AND FAMILY POLITICS AT FORMATIVE AND EARLY CLASSIC K'AXOB, BELIZE." Ancient Mesoamerica 10, no. 1 (January 1999): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536199101081.
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Mortuary interments from Formative and Early Classic deposits of the Maya site of K'axob, northern Belize, show significant variation in four aspects: burial position, number of interments within a burial facility, incidence of secondary interments, and types of associated burial accoutrements. Burial data for more than 100 individuals of both sexes and all age grades indicate that these changes over time are significant. The implications of these patterns for heightening our understanding of mortuary ritual are explored in depth. Evidence suggests that tightly wrapped seated and flexed burials represent the Late Formative onset of more protracted rituals involving prolonged displays of ancestors. Terminal Formative mortuary deposits featuring collections of curated ancestor remains indicate the “gathering of ancestors,” generally at a locale at which a monumental structure was later built. Sex and age distributions within multiple interments (both primary and secondary) reflect the familial character of burial locales, particularly at the centrally located Operation I. Burial accoutrements demonstrate the connectivity of K'axob to general cosmological armatures of Maya society. Increasingly individualized artifacts indicate the socially diacritical role of burial offerings.
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Bisht, Yogita, and Ajay Pratap Singh. "ECO-FRIENDLY, COST EFFECTIVE, AUTO-STERILIZATION OF ISOLATION GOWN: RECENT AND FORTHCOMING ASPECT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12641.
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This review addresses the issue of biomedical waste in the form of PPE (personal protection equipment) kit. COVID -19 pandemic has brought life into standstill. It has affected life of each and every person. This includes both direct effect in terms of health and indirect effect in terms of economic loss, business losses which have also resulted into sudden surge in unemployment. But apart from these directly visible effects there is one particular effect which is far sighted but cruel reality of present condition. It is the problem of biomedical wastage arising due to extensive use of PPE kits especially in the form of face mask and isolation gown. As layman is expected to wear face mask all the time, many countries has made it mandatory. It is very important to think about its effective, environment friendly disposal. Similarly isolation gown has also become very common in many medical and non-medical industries. If we dont dispose off used gown properly then the whole purpose of its use will get defeated as it further leads to disease transmission. While selecting method of disposal, it is very important to consider its adverse effect on environment. Incineration, shredding and deep pit burial are some of the common method of disposal of biomedical waste approved by health authorities of different countries, but these are not environment friendly. There are some other disinfection methods like ultra-violet (UV) irradiation, chemical disinfection with the help of them medical isolation gown can be reused but these methods have many disadvantages including being expensive, non-eco-friendly, some methods require expertise in handling machine, some affect the virus barrier ability of gown etc. Considering these problems, this review explored the idea of reusable isolation gown which doesnt require any expertise for its disinfection at the same time it doesnt adversely affect the environment. We proposed the idea of applying layer of photocatalyst which can inhibit the enzymatic activity of cells of microbes which will stop their replication. This can prove very useful in preventing the disease transmission. There are many reports on antimicrobial properties of various semiconductorphotocatalyst which can further be improved by doping it with metal like Cu or Ag which are already popular for their medicinal properties. Major problem with most of the semiconductor photocatalysts is that they show antimicrobial properties within UV range due to their wide band gap. This is not possible just by drying under sun as earth doesnt receive enough ultra violet radiation to start the photocatalysis effectively. This problem is addressed by suggesting different methods/doping to bring photocatalysis range of these photocatalysts within UV-visible range. This would bring major change in isolation gown uses, as people will be able to reuse gown just after drying it under sunlight for some time. This is expected to lower the biomedical waste in the form of gown and mask by manifolds.
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Romashko, Vladimir, and Sergeï Skorÿï. "Aristocratic Burial-Mound Bliznets-2 on the West Bank of the Dnieper above the Rapids." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 17, no. 2 (2011): 169–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005711x595121.
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Abstract This article is devoted to the Bliznets-2 Burial-mound which is one of the largest Scythian funerary monuments of the 5th century BC and which was excavated on the southern edge of the town of Dnepropetrovsk in 2007. Along with the structural features of the burial-mound, the funerary rite and range of artefacts discovered in it are analysed. The role of the monument among the Scythian élite burial-mounds in the North Pontic region is defined and certain aspects of the dynastic history of the Scythians are discussed.
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Bolin, Hans. "Culture Moves Like an Octopus: Aspects on Archaeological Regions and Boundaries." Current Swedish Archaeology 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2002.01.
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The graves in the interior of central Norrland in northern Sweden exhibit a wide range of forms throughout the Iron Age. Burial mounds and stonesettings of various forms also occur in different environmental contexts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the spatial and cultural significance of the Iron Age graves in the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen. The point at issue is what the distribution of so-called lake graves and burial mounds represent with respect to the general discussion of archaeological regions and cultural traditions. It is here suggested that the concept of region, when it is applied to material culture, represents one of the many aspects of cultural configurations, but as we are dealing here with a longterm perspective the cultural world is continuously in motion, which makes regional boundaries hard to grasp.
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Gabriel, Matthew, Cherisse Boland, and Cydne Holt. "Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 2 (2010): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00498.x.
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Criminalistics laboratories routinely provide cold hits in police investigations by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to offenders residing in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). Forensic DNA analysis is often glamorized in popular culture, where the perpetrators are identified and crimes solved within a single television episode. In reality forensic DNA hits can identify perpetrators of violent offenses, link multiple crimes committed by the same individual, or exclude suspects and exonerate the falsely accused. Unlike the media portrayals, downstream activities after a DNA identification or cold hit are often more complex. While the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cites a national Data Bank of more than 7.2 million DNA profiles and 94,000 identifications nationwide, an in-depth analysis of public safety improvements made with CODIS is currently unavailable to forensic practitioners and public policy analysts. A review of case resolutions for 198 DNA database hits in San Francisco created performance metrics to provide a concrete measure of the effectiveness of DNA databasing efforts at the city and county level.
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Williams, Lauren K., Lukar Thornton, David Crawford, and Kylie Ball. "Perceived quality and availability of fruit and vegetables are associated with perceptions of fruit and vegetable affordability among socio-economically disadvantaged women." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 7 (January 10, 2012): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003417.
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AbstractObjectivePerceptions that fruit and vegetables are expensive have been found to be associated with lower consumption of fruit and vegetables among disadvantaged women; however, the determinants of these perceptions are relatively unknown. The purpose of the current paper is to examine whether perceived availability and quality of fruit and vegetables, and social support for healthy eating, are associated with perceptions of fruit and vegetable affordability among women residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.DesignCross-sectional self-report survey.SettingThe study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsAn Australian sample of 4131 women, aged 18–45 years, residing in neighbourhoods ranked in the lowest Victorian tertile of relative disadvantage by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, an index that considers aspects of disadvantage such as residents’ income, education, motor vehicle access and employment.ResultsResults showed that irrespective of education, income and other key covariates, women who perceived poor availability and quality of fruit and vegetables in their local neighbourhood were more likely to perceive fruit and vegetables as expensive.ConclusionsOur results suggest that perceptions of fruit and vegetable affordability are not driven exclusively by lack of financial or knowledge-related resources, but also by women's psychological response and interpretation of their local nutrition environment.
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Strange, James F. "Tombs, the New Testament, and the Archaeology of Religion." Review & Expositor 106, no. 3 (August 2009): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730910600307.
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This article looks at tombs as indicators of certain aspects of religion, specifically death, burial and the afterlife. The first part of the article is a theoretical discussion concerning culture and material remains. The conclusion of the author is that artifactual evidence, material culture, embodies the culture. The author then revisits two Herodian tombs on French Hill in Jerusalem he excavated in 1970–71 and published in 1975. On the basis of his theoretical discussion, he discusses the architecture of the tombs, and the artifactual evidence uncovered in the excavation. He compares the evidence with New Testament descriptions of tombs and burials. He concludes that the tombs do provide a visual and material model for Jewish views of the dead, burial, and burial customs, but not a full-blown theology of death, burial, and the afterlife. The burial evidence from the French Hill tombs also dovetail nicely with reports about tombs and burials from the New Testament.
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Arya, Vikas, Andrew Page, Rakhi Dandona, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Peter Mayer, and Gregory Armstrong. "The Geographic Heterogeneity of Suicide Rates in India by Religion, Caste, Tribe, and Other Backward Classes." Crisis 40, no. 5 (September 2019): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000574.
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Abstract. Background: Caste, tribal, and religious associations, which are perhaps the most important aspects of personal and social lives in India, have been neglected in Indian suicide research. Aim: To investigate suicide rates in India by religion, caste, tribe, and other backward classes over the period 2014–2015. Method: This study acquired unpublished suicide data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2014 and 2015 including caste, tribal, and religious associations of suicide cases. National and state-specific suicide rates (2014–2015) were then calculated for Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and other religious groups and for scheduled caste (SC), scheduled tribe (ST), and other backward classes (OBC). Results: The findings show higher suicide rates among Christian and other religious groups compared with Hindus and higher suicide rates among general populations compared with SC, ST, and OBC populations. However, the results varied among different regions highlighting the substantial geographical heterogeneity of suicide rates across India by caste and religion. Limitations: The suicide rates presented might be an underestimation of the true rates. Conclusion: Given the heterogeneity of minority/majority status by religion, caste, tribes, and OBC in different states, further investigation of the relationship between minority status and suicide is warranted.
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Hjørungdal, Tove. "Poles Apart. Have There Been Any Male and Female Graves?" Current Swedish Archaeology 2, no. 1 (December 28, 1994): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1994.07.
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This paper discusses archaeological burial analysis, and some ideological problems with the application of sex/gender defined as a dual positions construction, i.e. sex/gender as the male-female metaphor. Through traditional criteria as well as through multidimensional methods of defining male and female graves, we reproduce a binary assymetrical interpretation of gender. Alternatively, the ongoing discussion on ideological and theoretical aspects of gender is regarded as a challenge to archaeological burial analysis. A gender critical point of departure opens up the possibilities of looking away from the old tradition of burial analysis by which gender has been fixed in advance through a given male-female bipolarity.
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Myshkin, Vladimir Nikolaevich. "The barrow 21 of the burial ground Filippovka I: items of horse equipment and date of the complex." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201873221.
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This article deals with equestrian ammunition items found near the burial mound of the 21 Filipovka I burial ground in the Orenburg region in order to establish the time of construction of this burial mound. The burial mound Filippovka I was a necropolis of the social elite of nomads who inhabited the steppes of the Southern Urals in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The richness of the funerary inventory and the complexity of the ritual actions performed during the erection of the burial mounds make it possible to study many aspects of the history and culture of these tribes. This determines the importance of a comprehensive study of the materials of this burial ground. Equipping a horse includes four bronze objects: two bridle plaques, check-piece and headband decoration bridle were found around the barrow 21 Filippovka I burial ground. Some of these items have close analogies among the details of equine ammunition from the Scythian monuments of the Black Sea North Littoral, dated by import items. The analogies that exist among the Scythian antiquities allow us to date the burial mound of the burial ground of Filippovka I during the time of the 4th century BC. The presence of such things as a headband in the form of a griffin head and a bridle plaque in the form of a wolf's head fixes the existence of the cultural interaction of nomads who left the burial ground of Filippovka I with the western Scythian world of the Northern Black Sea Coast
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Kent, M., N. W. Owen, P. Dale, R. M. Newnham, and T. M. Giles. "Studies of vegetation burial: a focus for biogeography and biogeomorphology?" Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 25, no. 4 (December 2001): 455–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330102500401.
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This paper examines the literature on research into the effects of burial by deposition of blown sand, volcanic deposits (tephra, lavas and lahars) or fluvial sediment on vegetation and the subsequent capacity of the vegetation for survival and regeneration. Research on this topic involves the understanding and skills of the biogeographer, the ecologist and the geomorpholo-gist and represents a potentially very interesting area for integration between these areas of physical geography. Burial is closely linked to concepts of plant succession and pedogenesis. A general model of burial stress is presented that shows how types of stress are linked to the burial environment and the characteristics of the burial event, in particular the magnitude and frequency. The importance of elasticity of response of species to burial is vital, as demonstrated by the evolution of certain species, such as those of the genus Ammophila in sand dunes that appear to respond positively to the burial process. Research into burial by dust deposition, by volcanic tephra and lavas, by sand in coastal and lake dune environments, in desert environments and by alluvium and ‘run-on’ following hydro-logical events are reviewed in turn. The significance of burial to palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological research is then demonstrated by reference to machair sand dune stratification in the Outer Hebrides and vegetation damage and burial following proximal volcanic impacts in New Zealand. Finally, methods of experimental research into burial in both the field and in the greenhouse are summarized and the conclusion stresses the need for more holistic approaches to the study of burial that link the biogeographical aspects of plant ecophysiology and both individual species and community ecology to the various geomorphic processes of deposition and sedimentation.
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Alpaslan-Roodenberg, M. Songül, and Jacob Roodenberg. "In the light of new data: The population of the first farming communities in the eastern Marmara region." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 48–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0004.
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AbstractFollowing on from a few decades of osteological analysis this study presents an assessment of the data retrieved from human population samples provided by four early farming sites, namely Ilıpınar, Menteşe, Barcın and Aktopraklık, located in the lake basins southeast of the Sea of Marmara. It highlights various aspects of that population such as demographic data, health, trauma, and ancient people’s attitude toward death. The research aims to identify and discuss similarities and dissimilarities between the studied Neolithic settlements in this region, especially with regard to paleo-demographic data and the use of violence. With exception of a small group of burials at Aktopraklık that contrasted with regular inhumations, it seems that mortuary practices barely differed from one community to another, and transcended across regional boundaries. The use of wooden planks covering the bottom of grave pits, which were first discovered at Ilıpınar, may serve as an example. Early farmers of the eastern Marmara region suffered mostly from joint diseases and degenerative arthritis. Their life expectancy was similar for adults of both sexes, at between 25–40 years, while two of the four communities showed high infant mortality.