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Anwar, Widya Fransiska F. "Healthy Dwelling Design at Wetland Area." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186804012.
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Palembang is one of the cities in Indonesia that is dominated by wetlands. City development transforms wetland area to be the location of two types of dwellings; settlement and housing. As the wetland nature is watery covered, dwellings deal with the issue of healthy environment. This paper aims to find out the important aspects for developing healthy dwelling in wetlands. To achieve the aim, the study elaborated the natural character of wetland in Palembang, regulations and architectural theory related to dwelling design. The field observation also conducted to complement the elaboration. The analysis was done qualitatively in four variables; the nature of residential area, structural system, space order and building performance. The result shows that healthy dwelling at the wetland environment design can be done by considering the periodic puddles, stilt structure, physical comfort and flexible ordering system. This study suggests an emphasis on durable structure and flexible space order in designing healthy dwelling at wetlands.
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Gravel, Ronald, and Yves Béland. "The Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 10 (2005): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001002.
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As part of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) biennial strategy, the provincial survey component of the first CCHS cycle (Cycle 1.2) focused on different aspects of the mental health and well-being of Canadians living in private dwellings. Moreover, the survey collected data on prevalences of specific mental disorders and problems, use of mental health services, and economic and personal costs of having a mental illness. Data collection began in May 2002 and extended over 8 months. More than 85% of all interviews were conducted face-to-face and used a computer-assisted application. The survey obtained a national response rate of 77%. This paper describes several key aspects of the questionnaire content, the sample design, interviewer training, and data collection procedures. A brief overview of the CCHS regional component (Cycle 1.1) is also given.
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BARROS, M. B. L., A. O. SCHUBACH, T. M. P. SCHUBACH, B. WANKE, and S. R. LAMBERT-PASSOS. "An epidemic of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: epidemiological aspects of a series of cases." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 9 (2007): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009727.
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SUMMARYThe first epidemic of sporotrichosis in humans as a result of zoonotic transmission was identified in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1998. A cross-sectional study was conducted applying questionnaires to patients seen in 2002 at Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Fiocruz, with a confirmed diagnosis of sporotrichsosis. A total of 73 dwellings were studied, where 255 individuals, including 94 patients and 161 healthy household contacts, lived with 133 cats with sporotrichosis. Most dwellings were houses with 83% having complete basic sanitation. Among patients, there was a predominance of women with a median age of 41 years who were engaged in domestic activities. These women contracted the disease twice more often than men. The prevalence of sporotrichosis was four times higher among patients caring for animals, irrespective of gender. In the current epidemic of sporotrichosis, taking care of sick cats was the main factor associated with transmission of the disease to humans.
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Imaiso, Junko. "Consideration of Social Aspects and Mental Health of Community-Dwelling Elderly People: A Literature Review." Health 12, no. 05 (2020): 486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.125038.
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Mehta, Vimal, Deep Shikha, Pal Singh, Pal Chauhan, and Singh Mudahar. "Measurment of radon, thoron and their progeny in indoor environment of Mohali, Punjab, Northern India, using pinhole dosimeters." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 3 (2016): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1603299m.
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The health hazards of radon and its decay products above certain levels are well known. However, for any preventive measures to be taken, we have to be aware of radon levels of that particular area. Measurement of radon and its decay products in indoor environments is an important aspect of assessing indoor air quality and health conditions associated with it. Keeping this in mind, measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations were carried out in Mohali, Northern India, using pinhole-based twin cup dosimeters. Radon exhalation rates of soil samples in the dwellings/areas were measured via an active technique of a continuous radon monitor. The indoor radon concentration in Mohali varied from 15.03 ? 0.61 Bq/m3 to 39.21 ? 1.46 Bq/m3 with an average of 26.95 Bq/m3 ,while thoron concentration in the same dwellings varied from 9.62 ? 0.54 Bq/m3 to 52.84 ? 2.77 Bq/m3 with an average of 31.09 Bq/m3. Radon progeny levels in dwellings under study varied from 1.63 to 4.24 mWL, with an average of 2.94 mWL, while thoron progeny levels varied from 0.26 to 1.43 mWL , with an average of 0.84 mWL. The annual dose received by the inhabitants of dwellings under study varied from 0.78 to 2.36 mSv, with an average of 1.61 mSv. The in situ gamma dose rate varied from 0.12 to 0.32 mSv/h.
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Dumith, Samuel Carvalho, Renata Gomes Paulitsch, Marina Xavier Carpena, et al. "Planejamento e execução de um inquérito populacional de saúde por meio de consórcio de pesquisa multidisciplinar." Scientia Medica 28, no. 3 (2018): 30407. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.3.30407.
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AIMS: To describe the methodological and operational aspects of a health survey, conducted by means of a multidisciplinary research consortium.METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with individuals 18 years or older, living in the urban area of the municipality of Rio Grande, in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The sampling was probabilistic, with census tracts as the primary sample unit. The research instrument consisted of a standardized and previously tested questionnaire, with closed questions, applied by face-to-face in dwellings. A brief questionnaire was administered to 10.5% of subjects for quality control purposes. Fieldwork lasted from April to July 2016, and the study was approved by an ethics committee.RESULTS: Of the 70 sampled census tracts, 711 households were randomly selected, comprising 1,429 eligible individuals. Overall, 1,300 individuals (91.0%) of 676 households (95.1%) answered the questionnaire. Losses and refusals were more prevalent for males and downtown's sectors. The questionnaire reproducibility was satisfactory (mean kappa = 0.80).CONCLUSIONS: The main methodological aspects of a multidisciplinary research consortium were pointed out, which may be of interest to other researchers. We highlight the importance of these type of study to yield information on various health conditions of the population.
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Saravanan, Suriya, Mudgal Basavaraj, and Prakash Nelliyat. "Socio–Economic Analysis of Riverine Flooding on Low-Income Dwellings: Adayar River, a Case Study." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 30, no. 2 (2020): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2020-0024.
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AbstractFlood damage assessment plays a vital role in providing information to policy developers. Nowadays, due to urbanization, the impact of flooding on communities is extensive, including tangible damage to property, the environment, and infrastructure as well as intangible damage due to stress, health hazards, and hardship. This paper provides an overview of a detailed flood assessment study conducted in the Kotturpuram Housing board area, located on the flood plain of the Adayar River in Chennai, India. A relatively simple approach to data collection was adopted, being a Questionnaire Survey (QS) as well as semi-structured interviews and observation techniques, due to data and research limitations. Losses due to damage to belongings and extra spending to buy essential commodities during flooding are also dealt with in this study. The flood mitigation costs for flooding that occurred in the year 2015 are also evaluated. A stage-damage curve was arrived at based on the information collected. Optimal and sustainable mitigation measures can be achieved only when the socio-economic aspects are adequately considered. Thus, this analysis was designed to estimate the effects of flooding on a community’s social and economic welfare, and thereby help to educate the community, including residents and officials, about the impact and magnitude of flooding. The outputs of the study will be the key inputs for designing flood mitigation and relief measures.
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FERNÁNDEZ-CARRO, CELIA. "Ageing at home, co-residence or institutionalisation? Preferred care and residential arrangements of older adults in Spain." Ageing and Society 36, no. 3 (2014): 586–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1400138x.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the opinions of Spanish older people regarding the ideal living situation in later life – living in their own home, co-residing in a relative's home or institutionalisation – differentiating between two hypothetical situations: healthy ageing and frailty. Data are drawn from the Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales (Institute of Older People and Social Services; IMSERSO) survey Encuesta de Mayores 2010 (Older People Survey 2010), comprising 2,535 individuals aged 65 and over living in private dwellings. The results confirm that residential preferences vary depending on expected health conditions. Remaining in one's own home is preferred when older people foresee a healthy old age, whilst co-residence at a relative's home turns into the favoured solution if older people have to face some physical or cognitive limitation. The particularities of the Spanish context regarding family-oriented values about care responsibilities and the structural deficiency in the provision of formal support, in addition to other socio-demographic, psychological and attitudinal aspects, were explanatory factors of the lower desirability for ageing at home in the case of frailty. The findings question the uniform image of ‘ageing in place’ as a preference, inviting reflections on the need to distinguish between later-life stages and national contexts.
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Ko, Hana, and SuJung Jung. "Association of Social Frailty with Physical Health, Cognitive Function, Psychological Health, and Life Satisfaction in Community-Dwelling Older Koreans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020818.
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Social frailty affects various aspects of health in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of social frailty and the significance of its association with South Korean older adults’ health status and life satisfaction. This study involved a secondary data analysis of the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. From the 10,299 respondents of the survey, 10,081 were selected with no exclusion criteria. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors related to life satisfaction. Compared with the robust and social prefrailty groups, the social frailty group had higher nutritional risk (χ² = 312.161, p = 0.000), depressive symptoms (χ² = 977.587, p = 0.000), cognitive dysfunction (χ² = 25.051, p = 0.000), and lower life satisfaction (F = 1050.272, p = 0.000). The results of multiple linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, indicated that social frailty had the strongest negative association with life satisfaction (β = −0.267, p = 0.000). However, cognitive function was significantly positively associated with life satisfaction (β = 0.062, p = 0.000). Social frailty was significantly correlated with physical, psychological, and mental health as well as life satisfaction in community-dwelling older South Koreans. Therefore, accounting for the social aspect of functioning is an essential part of a multidimensional approach to improving health and life satisfaction in communities.
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Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza, José Luis Dvorzak, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, et al. "Qualitative evaluation of an intervention to reduce energy poverty." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (February 7, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001212.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the “Energía, la justa” program, aimed at reducing energy poverty in the city of Barcelona, from the point of view of the target population and the workers involved in the intervention. METHODS: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory pilot study was carried out, with a phenomenological approach. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted: to three users, three energy agents who performed interventions in the homes, and six professionals who participated in the program coordination. A thematic content analysis was carried out using Atlas-ti software. Interviews were conducted between October 2016 and March 2017. RESULTS: Trust in a contact person (e.g. social workers) facilitated the participation, although there were difficulties reaching people who had illegal energy supplies, immigrant women or immigrants who subrent properties. Regarding implementation, home visits, energy efficiency advice and the relationship with energy agents were the best assessed aspects. However, not being able to carry out reforms in deteriorated dwellings was considered a limitation. The program also contributed to raise awareness on energy rights, to save on utility bills and to generate tranquility and social support. CONCLUSIONS: Programs such as this one can promote energy empowerment and improve psychosocial status. However, strategies with a gender and equity perspective should be considered to reach other vulnerable groups.
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Rix, K. J. B. "A Psychiatric Study of Adult Arsonists." Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 1 (1994): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400104.
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A series of 153 adult arsonists is described with particular reference to motives for fire-raising and psychiatric diagnosis. All had been referred for pretrial psychiatric reports and were assessed by routine clinical methods, supplemented where possible by the Personality Assessment Schedule. The series comprised mainly men, and most were relatively young, although these are also the characteristics of criminals in general. Most suffered from some form of mental disorder. Half of them had a personality disorder and a tenth were mentally handicapped. In addition to the mentally handicapped, a further 13 per cent had a history of special schooling, so that arsonists with some educational or learning difficulties made up a quarter of the total. Revenge was the most common motive, although present in only a third of the total, and the sexual element in motivation was much less common than appears to have been the case in the past. The motive of re-housing, not previously identified, was more common in women than in men. Almost two-thirds of the properties set on fire were domestic dwellings, and over a third of arsonists were intoxicated when they started the fires. Suggestions are made for further research focusing on personality characteristics which may be associated with fire-setting.
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Wahid, Shah, Khurshaid Khan, and Nazma Habib Khan. "Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species Diversity, Habitat Preferences, and Ecological Aspects of Distribution in Bajaur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (2020): 1432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa050.
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Abstract The species composition, distribution, and bionomics of sand flies was investigated from January to December 2017 in four tehsils (20 villages) of district Bajaur (formally Bajaur agency), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In total, 4,173 adult specimens comprising of seven species of Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) and three species of Sergentomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) were collected by oral aspirator, insecticide spray, and sticky traps from June to October. Highest numbers of flies were collected indoors in July and August when relative humidity and temperature were highest. Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot (Diptera: Psychodidae) was the most abundant species from all the collection sites, making approximately 70% of the total capture. Combined dwellings and chicken cages harbored the highest number of adult and immature flies (unrotated external genitalia). Abundance of P. sergenti had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlation with monthly average temperature, relative humidity, and average rainfall in indoor collections. On the other hand, P. papatasi Scopoli displayed similar correlation in the indoor and nighttime collections. Both the species were apparently abundant in the elevation range ≤ 419 m above sea level and on rangelands. Phlebotomus papatasi, however, also occurred on agricultural lands. The number of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases did not significantly correlate with the abundance of sand fly vectors across the villages surveyed. The results reported herein can serve as a baseline for an all-extensive future work in Bajaur. Our investigations will benefit the public health experts and medical entomologists for improved control and surveillance vectors of leishmaniasis.
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Hayes, C. R., and N. D. Skubala. "Is there still a problem with lead in drinking water in the European Union?" Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 4 (2009): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.110.
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The presence of lead in drinking water poses a range of risks to human health, including the retardation of some aspects of child development, the inducement of abortion, and other clinical disorders. The extent of these risks has not been quantified at the European Union (EU) scale. A number of sampling methods are in use across the EU, some of which are inadequate for determining the concentrations of lead in drinking water at consumers' taps. In consequence, non-compliance with the EU standards for lead in drinking water has been under-estimated. Emerging data indicates significant non-compliance with these standards in some countries, particularly with the 10 μg l−1 standard that will become a legal requirement in 2013; the current interim standard of 25 μg l−1 is also exceeded in some locations. An initial estimate is that 25% of domestic dwellings in the EU have a lead pipe, either as a connection to the water main, or as part of the internal plumbing, or both, potentially putting 120 million people at risk from lead in drinking water within the EU. These issues are relevant to the implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health and to drinking water safety planning.
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Park, Sowoo, Joowook Kim, and Doosam Song. "The Effect of an Energy Refurbishment Scheme on Adequate Warmth in Low-income Dwellings." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (2019): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092574.
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Many fuel poverty support programs have been implemented in the world. Energy-efficient retrofitting in low-income households is a main aspect of support programs in the context of energy saving, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and improvement of the thermal comfort and health of residents. This study analyzed the effects of an energy efficiency program for fuel poverty in Korea on the thermal comfort of residents. A total of 330 households were investigated wherein energy retrofits had been conducted. Indoor temperatures in the main bedroom and in the living room were recorded twice. The results showed that the average indoor air temperature in the surveyed households was 15.1 ± 3.7 °C, indicating that 95.2% of main bedrooms and 80.0% of living rooms did not meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization regarding temperature. These results indicated that the surveyed households did not use energy for heating their rooms, and an energy-saving effect due to the retrofits was difficult to expect. Accordingly, retrofit building or energy policies addressing fuel poverty are shown to be ineffective in the context of energy saving and thermal comfort in Korea. This article highlights issues that need to be analyzed to evaluate how effective the welfare program is. The results of this study alert policymaker to the need to improve the welfare policy; the methods proposed in this article will help them in their decisions.
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Ribeiro, Oscar, Daniela Brandão, Ana F. Oliveira, Laetitia Teixeira, and Constança Paúl. "Positive aspects of care in informal caregivers of community‐dwelling dementia patients." Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 27, no. 4 (2019): 330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12582.
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Lowis, Michael J., Judith Knight, and Veronica Ball. "A quantitative analysis of self‐rated health and occupational aspects of community‐dwelling older adults." Journal of Occupational Science 17, no. 1 (2010): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2010.9686668.
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Abad-Franch, Fernando, and Fernando A. Monteiro. "Molecular research and the control of Chagas disease vectors." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 77, no. 3 (2005): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652005000300007.
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Chagas disease control initiatives are yielding promising results. Molecular research has helped successful programs by identifying and characterizing introduced vector populations and by defining intervention targets accurately. However, researchers and health officials are facing new challenges throughout Latin America. Native vectors persistently reinfest insecticide-treated households, and sylvatic triatomines maintain disease transmission in humid forest regions (including Amazonia) without colonizing human dwellings. In these scenarios, fine-scale vector studies are essential to define epidemiological risk patterns and clarify the involvement of little-known triatomine taxa in disease transmission. These eco-epidemiological investigations, as well as the planning and monitoring of control interventions, rely by necessity on accurate taxonomic judgments. The problems of cryptic speciation and phenotypic plasticity illustrate this need - and how molecular systematics can provide the fitting answers. Molecular data analyses also illuminate basic aspects of vector evolution and adaptive trends. Here we review the applications of molecular markers (concentrating on allozymes and DNA sequencing) to the study of triatomines. We analyze the suitability, strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques for taxonomic, systematic and evolutionary investigations at different levels (populations, species, and higher taxonomic categories).
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López-Martínez, Octavio, and Heriberto Emilio Cuanalo de la Cerda. "Participatory action research in the design, construction and evaluation of improved cook stoves in a rural Yucatec Maya community." Action Research 18, no. 4 (2017): 490–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750317704047.
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Different initiatives have promoted the use of improved cook stoves around the world. Their goal has been to eradicate cooking over open flame inside dwellings because it is associated with health problems, inefficient resource use and greenhouse gas emissions. Most of these improved cook stoves initiatives depend heavily on expert-generated solutions, treating users as mere recipients. However, they have had little success in terms of adoption rates. Their failures are due to myriad factors, highlighting the complexity of this problem. In the rural community of Yaxcabá, Mexico, most households use wood as a cooking fuel in small fire pits. As an alternative approach to this problem, we proposed a project to create an improved cook stoves based on dialogue with community members. We used a systems approach to analyze the large number of variables involved in the problem. Following participatory action research approach, we worked with 17 participants forming two groups in a process of self-diagnosis, design, construction and evaluation of two improved cook stoves models. The participants stated that the resulting improved cook stoves offered multiple advantages over previous devices, particularly in sociocultural, environmental and comfort aspects.
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Crandall, Jason, Matthew Shake, and Uta Ziegler. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A GAME-CENTERED MOBILE APP ON COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS’ HEALTH ACTIVATION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1229.
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Abstract The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of a game-centered mobile app (Bingocize®) on older adults’ knowledge, skill, and confidence for managing aspects of their healthcare. Rural community-dwelling older adults (N=85) with mobility, not engaged in any structured exercise program, used the app in a group setting for 10 weeks, twice per week, for one hour. Participants were randomly assigned to (a) a version that included health education, or (b) health education and an exercise component. The Patient Activation Measure (PAM-10) was used to assess group changes in knowledge, skill, and confidence for managing aspects of their healthcare. Two (Group: Exercise + Health Education vs. Health Education-only) x Two (Time: Pre- vs. Post-intervention) analyses of variance, with significance p<.05, was used for statistical analysis. Results: PAM-10 values significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention for both groups, as did knowledge of the health topics (all p < 0.05). Attendance was >93% in both groups. Bingocize® engendered high attendance and improved health activation of older adults; however, additional research is needed to examine whether changes in activation result in long-term changes in health behavior. The Bingocize® mobile app is an enjoyable and effective way to increase health activation in community-dwelling older adults.
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Gyasi, Razak M., David R. Phillips, and Kabila Abass. "Social support networks and psychological wellbeing in community-dwelling older Ghanaian cohorts." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 07 (2018): 1047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218001539.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Social support networks for older persons have been related to health outcomes including differences in psychological wellbeing (PWB). However, the specifics of this relationship remain unclear especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the (1) relationship between aspects of social support and PWB among older persons in Ghana and (2) the extent to which this relationship is moderated by their education levels and locational characteristics.Method:The study included 1,200 community-residing individuals aged 50 years and older who participated in an Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-seeking Behavior Study (AHPWHB) conducted between July 2016 and February 2017. Logistic regression models evaluated the associations of social support and their interactions with education and locational variables in PWB.Results:Several aspects of meaningful social support: family/friends contacts ( β = 0.958, p < 0.05), couple focused ( β = 0.887, p < 0.001), emotional bonds ( β = 0.658, p < 0.005), attending social events ( β = 0.519, p < 0.001) and remittances from children ( β = 0.394, p < 0.005) significantly related to improved PWB in later life. These associations remained robust and largely strengthened after accounting for respondents’ background and health-related factors. Education and locational characteristics substantially influenced the associations between social support and PWB.Conclusion:These findings suggest that especially in terms of PWB, aspects of meaningful social support networks are critical elements in later life. Strengthening opportunities for closer interpersonal relations with older persons may enhance their mental health, quality of life and independence.
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Castaño-Rosa, Raúl, Jaime Solís-Guzmán, and Madelyn Marrero. "A novel Index of Vulnerable Homes: Findings from application in Spain." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 3 (2018): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18764783.
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This paper develops a novel index of vulnerable homes in terms of fuel poverty that is based on the analysis of different existing fuel poverty indicators and their relationship to the residential sector. The new index of vulnerable homes unifies the many indicators hitherto employed, and assesses the home vulnerability situation regardless of whether or not it is in fuel poverty by using three dimensions: monetary cost, energy and thermal comfort. The monetary dimension analyses vulnerability in relation to the available net income to face everyday life. The energy variable assesses the vulnerability related to the constructive characteristics of the dwelling. Finally, the introduction of the thermal-comfort variable enables the evaluation of the vulnerability related to the inner temperature of the dwelling and its perception by occupants. The combination of the different resulting values in each dimension and its relationship to the quality of life of occupants establishes a hierarchy of vulnerable levels. As a result, a multi-dimensional index is defined which relates technical aspects (characteristics of the dwelling) and social aspects (quality of life of households). The index of vulnerable homes provides a more complete assessment of the home situation than the existing fuel poverty indicators by identifying which variables require a greater assistance.
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McHugh, J. E., A. M. Casey, and B. A. Lawlor. "Psychosocial correlates of aspects of sleep quality in community-dwelling Irish older adults." Aging & Mental Health 15, no. 6 (2011): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.562180.
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Farias, Raquel Rousselet, Renata Breda Martins, Vivian Ulrich, João Henrique Correa Kanan, Irenio Gomes da Silva Filho, and Thais de Lima Resende. "Body image satisfaction, sociodemographic, functional and clinical aspects of community-dwelling older adults." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 12, no. 3 (2018): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-030012.
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Abstract Body image, according to the definition by Ledoux et al.(1) is “the systematic, cognitive, affective, conscious, and unconscious representation that people have concerning their bodies during their biological development and throughout their social relationships”. Objective: To determine the prevalence of body image satisfaction (BIS) and its relationship with sociodemographic, functional and clinical aspects in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical and prospective study of a random sample of older adults from all health districts of Porto Alegre (30 health units) was conducted. The following aspects were studied: sociodemographic data (sex, age, marital status and education), BIS (Stunkard’s scale), functional tests (30 seconds Sit/Stand Test, time to walk 10m, Handgrip Strength - HGS), physical activity (Minnesota Questionnaire) and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Most of the 532 participants were dissatisfied with their body image (92.5%), particularly the women (71.7%). After Binary Logistic Regression (6 steps), BIS predictors were: high scores for the Sit/Stand (OR: 1.13; p=0.013), higher HGS (OR: 1.06; p=0.049), shorter time engaged in physical activity (OR: 0.77; p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of BIS was low and most of the variables analyzed bore no relation to BIS. Notwithstanding, a relationship was found with greater HGS, higher Sit/Stand score and less time engaged in physical activity. Given the scarcity of studies on this subject, our study furthers the knowledge on how body image affects this population group.
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Dunn, James R., Jennifer D. Walker, Jennifer Graham, and Christina B. Weiss. "Gender Differences in the Relationship between Housing, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Reported Health Status." Reviews on Environmental Health 19, no. 3-4 (2004): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2004-19-3-403.
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Abstract This study investigates gender differences in housing, socioeconomic status, and self-reported health status. The analysis focuses on the social and economic dimensions of housing, such as demand, control, material aspects (affordability, type of dwelling) and meaningful aspects (pride in dwelling, home as a refuge) of everyday life in the domestic environment. A random sample, crosssectional telephone survey was administered in the city of Vancouver, Canada in June 1999 (n = 650). Survey items included measures of material and meaningful dimensions of housing, housing satisfaction, and standard measures of socioeconomic status and social support. The main outcome measure was self-reported health (excellent/very good/good vs. fair/poor). A three-stage analysis provides an overall picture of the sample characteristics for male and female respondents, detects significant relations between individual and housing characteristics and self-rated health status, and investigates male-female differences in the factors associated with fair/poor self-rated health. In multivariate analyses, a small number of socioeconomic dimensions of housing were associated with self-rated health status for women. For men, only one attribute of housing was associated with self-rated health: crowding was positively related to poor health, contradicting expectations and the findings for women. The self-reported strain of housework was unrelated to self-rated health for men, bot strongly related to poor health for women. For men and women, satisfaction with social activities increased the likelihood of reporting better health. Future research should focus on the health effects of geodered differences in domestic and paid work, and on home and family roles and the interaction among gender, household crowding, and health.
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Al-Jokhadar, Amer, and Wassim Jabi. "APPLYING THE VERNACULAR MODEL TO HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 2 (2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i2.1254.
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In the age of globalisation and continuous urbanisation, architects have a greater responsibility to design residential buildings with comfortable and sustainable environments. However, sustainable solutions should not concern themselves only with utilising technology, but also with creating synergies amongst a community’s social, cultural, historical, and environmental aspects. This research focuses on the implications of this wider definition of sustainability within the hot-arid climates of the Middle East and North Africa. Most of the current high-rise residential buildings in these regions do not promote social cohesion as they have been constructed without consideration for local identity and lifestyle. In contrast, vernacular courtyard dwellings and neighbourhoods offer good examples of socially cohesive and healthy environments. Yet, vernacular houses might not be compatible with pressures of modern construction. The question then becomes how to maintain the relationship between the spatial, social and environmental aspects while employing the latest technologies and materials. This paper presents the different qualities of vernacular houses and neighbourhoods in the different regions of the Middle East and North Africa. Social and spatial relationships of different cases are assessed, through a typological analysis approach using a developed syntactic-geometric model, to trace the lifestyle and the cultural values of the society. The aim is a parametric exploration of appropriate sustainable solutions that facilitate the synergy of socio-climatic requirements, the well-being qualities of the residents, and the specifics of culture, time and people while designing sustainable high-rise developments.
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McHugh, J. E., M. Dowling, A. Butler, and B. A. Lawlor. "Psychological distress and frailty transitions over time in community-dwelling older adults." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 2 (2016): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.67.
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ObjectivesPhysical health and, in particular, frailty may be associated with psychological factors among older adults. We aimed to investigate the relationships between aspects of psychological distress and progression of frailty over time among older adults.MethodsWe used a longitudinal observational study design with 624 participants aged over 60 years (mean age=72.75, s.d.=7.21, 68% female) completing a baseline comprehensive biopsychosocial geriatric assessment, and 447 returning for a follow-up assessment 2 years later. Aspects of psychological distress, physical health, and frailty were analysed for the purposes of this study. We employed a series of logistic regression analyses to determine psychological predictors of changing states of aspects of frailty over time.ResultsWith individual components of frailty, neuroticism and age predicted negative transitions of exhaustion and grip strength, respectively, whereas age alone was a predictor of transitions in overall frailty scores based on four components.ConclusionWe conclude that neuroticism and age may impact upon physical frailty and its progression over time in an ageing population. These findings may reflect the tendency for those with high levels of neuroticism to endorse negative symptoms, or alternatively, neuroticism may result in exhaustion via worry in an older population. Further research is required to further elucidate this relationship.
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Frank, Arthur W., and Michael Rowe. "Dwelling in Grief." Hastings Center Report 34, no. 1 (2004): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3528252.
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Aizenberg, D., and Y. Barak. "Remission in Schizophrenia: A National Survey of Clinical and Psychosocial Aspects." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70487-0.
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Background:Clinical and psychosocial remission amongst schizophrenia patients is nowadays a defined goal of treatment. This necessitates incorporating quantifiable psychosocial variables with traditional symptomatic data as both influence remission.Objective:To assess psychosocial remission in schizophrenia (using the PSRS) along with the quantification of symptomatic remission in a large cohort of community dwelling schizophrenia patients.Method:Psychiatrists, nurses and social workers endorsed the PSRS and the American Psychiatric Association symptomatic remission criteria (APA-SR) for schizophrenia patients they have been treating for 6 months or more. Data as to gender, age and pharmacological treatment of each patient were also collected.Results:Of 445 participants who completed the survey, 268 (60%) were psychiatrists, 161 (36%) nurses and 16 (4%) social workers. Patients mean age was 43.4±13.1 years; 61% were men and 39% were women. Antipsychotic treatments were as follows: Per-os (PO) 243 (55%), IM long-acting typical antipsychotics (LAT) 102 (23%) and IM long-acting risperidone (Consta) 100 (22%). Overall, 37% of patients achieved symptomatic remission and 31% achieved psychosocial remission. Rates of symptomatic remission were significantly higher in patients treated by LAT and Consta compared with PO (51% and 48% vs., 29% respectively, p=0.0003). Rates of psychosocial remission were also significantly higher in patients treated by LAT and Consta compared with PO (43%% and 41% vs., 24% respectively, p=0.003).Conclusion:About a third of schizophrenia patients in Israel were in remission. IM long acting preparations were associated with higher remission rates. Treatment choice may thus influence rates of remission.
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Barnett, Michael D., and Ellen A. Anderson. "The glass is not half empty: optimism, pessimism, and health among older adults." International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 1 (2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219000498.
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ABSTRACTObjectives:Optimism and pessimism are distinct constructs that have demonstrated independent relationships with aspects of health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether optimism or pessimism is more closely linked with physical and mental health among older adults.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Participants:Community-dwelling older adults (N = 272) ages 59–95 in the southern United States.Measurements:The Life Orientation Test—Revised and the Short Form 8.Results:At the bivariate level, optimism was associated with higher physical health and mental health, while pessimism was associated with lower physical health and mental health. Multiple-regression analyses as well as comparison of correlation coefficients found that pessimism was more closely associated with physical health and mental health than optimism.Conclusions:These results add to the literature suggesting that, in terms of older adults’ health and well-being, avoiding pessimism may be more important than being optimistic.
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Fernandez-Mayoralas, Gloria, Carolina Giraldez-Garcia, Maria João Forjaz, Fermina Rojo-Perez, Pablo Martinez-Martin, and Maria-Eugenia Prieto-Flores. "Design, measures and sample characteristics of the CadeViMa-Spain survey on quality of life in community-dwelling older adults." International Psychogeriatrics 24, no. 3 (2011): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211002018.
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ABSTRACTBackground: The survey “Quality of life in older adults-Spain” (CadeViMa-Spain) was designed to obtain information about objective and subjective determinants of Quality of Life (QoL) in old age, from a multidimensional perspective. This paper presents the overall description, methodology, sample characteristics and reliability of the measures used.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a representative sample of 1106 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and over in Spain. The sample was obtained by a geodemographically-based proportional multistage stratified sampling. A home-based questionnaire included validated scales and questions about sociodemographic characteristics, global QoL, health, family and social networks, financial means and retirement, leisure and social participation, residential environment, and satisfaction with those issues. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted. Cronbach's α coefficients were used to assess internal consistency of the scales.Results: This nationally representative survey furnishes information about global QoL, health-related QoL, resources availability, living conditions, and satisfaction with the assessed aspects, including life domains most valued by this group. In general, community-dwelling older adults reported positive assessments of health, living conditions, and high levels of satisfaction with the different aspects of QoL. The reliability of the measures in this population was good.Conclusions: This survey provides comprehensive and useful information, based on the view of older people themselves, with potential to contribute to health and social policies towards promoting active aging. The database is available for in-depth comparisons.
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Fæø, Stein Erik, Frøydis Kristine Bruvik, Oscar Tranvåg, and Bettina S. Husebo. "Home-dwelling persons with dementia’s perception on care support: Qualitative study." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 4 (2020): 991–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019893098.
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Background Over the last years, there has been a growth in care solutions aiming to support home-dwelling persons with dementia. Assistive technology and voluntarism have emerged as supplements to traditional homecare and daycare centers. However, patient participation is often lacking in decision-making processes, undermining ethical principles and basic human rights. Research objective This study explores the perceptions of persons with dementia toward assistive technology, volunteer support, homecare services, and daycare centers. Research design A hermeneutical approach was chosen for this study, using a semi-structured interview guide to allow for interviews in the form of open conversations. Participants and research context Twelve home-dwelling persons with dementia participated in the study. The participants were recruited through municipal daycare centers. Ethical considerations Interviews were facilitated within a safe environment, carefully conducted to safeguard the participants’ integrity. The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Western Norway (Project number 2016/1630) approved the study. Findings The participants shared a well of reflections on experience and attitudes toward the aspects explored. They described assistive technology as possibly beneficial, but pointed to several non-beneficial side effects. Likewise, they were hesitant toward volunteer support, depending on how this might fit their individual preferences. Homecare services were perceived as a necessary means of care, its benefits ascribed to a variety of aspects. Similarly, the participants’ assessments of daycare centers relied on specific aspects, with high individual variety. Discussion and conclusion The study indicates that the margins between whether these specific care interventions were perceived as supportive or infringing may be small and details may have great effect on the persons’ everyday life. This indicates that patient participation in decision-making processes for this group is—in addition to be a judicial and ethical requirement—crucial to ensure adequate care and support.
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Britto, Heloisa Maria Jácome Sousa, Bruna Silva Oliveira, Cristiano Santos Gomes, Juliana Martins Pinto, and Ricardo Oliveira Guerra. "Contextual factors associated with life-space mobility in community-dwelling older adults based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: protocol for a systematic review." BMJ Open 8, no. 10 (2018): e023468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023468.
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IntroductionMobility decline compromises functionality and quality of life in old age. Life-Space Assessment (LSA) evaluates mobility considering interaction between person and environment. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a reference to identify and categorise the personal and environmental contextual factors associated to the LSA. Our objective is identifying contextual factors that may influence life-space mobility of older community-dwelling adults based on ICF.Methods and analysisA systematic review of literature will be performed to identify studies published between 1 January 2001 and 10 May 2017 which investigates life-space mobility among older adults. Keywords will be entered into the electronic databases of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (OVID), CINHAL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Cochrane Central (OVID), PsycINFO (EBSCO) and COCH (OVID). Five investigators will work on search databases and standardised screening of the articles. Mobility predictors will be separated into personal and environmental aspects, according to the ICF model. The results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, and then a meta-analysis will be performed, if applicable.DiscussionKnowledge about life-space mobility in community-dwelling older adults by examining related risk and protective aspects may help practitioners better approach older adults’ mobility and prevent their decline in old age. Furthermore, researchers will have more clues for investigations into factors related to life-space mobility.Trial registration numberCRD42017064552.
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Kożuchowski, Bartłomiej Jan, and Bartłomiej Kwiatkowski. "Contemporary architecture and urban planning of urban multi-family housing, and the state of health of the society." Polish Journal of Public Health 129, no. 1 (2019): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0008.
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Abstract Introduction. For years, the influence of place of residence on human health has been the subject of interest of researchers from various scientific disciplines. The basic task in shaping space is to create conditions for proper mental and physical development, the experience of beauty, family life, social and individual life. Biotechnology, psychology and sociology, taking into account technical and aesthetic requirements, are the main design criteria for residential buildings.The omission of the most important assumptions in the design of multi-family housing might be very harmful for residents and can be expressed, for example, in poor mood, reduced work efficiency, depression, an increase in the incidence of diseases and even an increase in mortality. Deepening knowledge about proper living conditions is very important in the pro-health aspect. Aim. An attempt to answer the question to what extent human development and life are subordinated to staying in specific rooms, dwellings, housing estate, district, and finally the city and the entire metropolitan foundation. Material and methods. This study is for demonstrative purposes based on a review of publications on the quality of life of residents of urban multi-family housing in the aspect of urban planning and architecture. Results. The correct insolation of residential premises, shapeof the block, the color and texture of the facade, the location and selection of greenery, lawns, paved surfaces and the layout of buildings are just some of the factors affecting the health of residents. Proper design, construction and operation reduce the presence of bacteria and mold fungi, which directly translates into microbiological health risks. Conclusions. For the proper existence of city dwellers, it is necessary to maximize the use of sunlight and to educate in the proper use of rooms. Raising health conditions, through both proper insolation and the location of flats, “urban interiors”, areas between residential buildings, thoroughfares, playgrounds, sports fields, recreational and recreational areas, directly translates into human health.
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Ambrosi-Randić, Neala, Marina Nekić, and Ivana Tucak Junaković. "Felt Age, Desired, and Expected Lifetime in the Context of Health, Well-Being, and Successful Aging." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 87, no. 1 (2017): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017720888.
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This study examines the interrelations of three different aspects of the subjective age: felt, desired and expected, as well as their relations with the chronological age (CA), health, and psychological well-being variables. Four hundred and twenty-three community-dwelling Croatian adults, aged 60–95 years, participated in the study. All three subjective age measures significantly correlated with the CA. Self-rated health were better predictors of the subjective age compared to the psychological variables. Among psychological variables, successful aging was the only significant predictor of the felt and expected age, while optimism showed to be the only significant predictor of the desired age. Results indicate the importance of some sociodemographic, psychological, and health variables for understanding older persons' subjective age identity and their desires and expectations regarding length of life. Besides the CA, it is very useful to include subjective age measures in research with elderly people.
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Silva, Letícia Pophal da, Ariadne Leal Santana, Carolina Sayuri Santos Suzuki, and Natália Boneti Moreira. "Athlete older women and sedentary controls: compairing the incidence of frailty, physical aspects and falls." ABCS Health Sciences 45 (October 22, 2020): e020021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/abcshs.45.2020.1483.
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Introduction: The aging process results in falls, frailty, and functional dependence. However, the practice of physical exercises can prevent negative impacts on the older adult health. Objective: To compare the incidence of frailty, physical aspects, and number of falls among older adult women and sedentary controls. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design and included 70 community-dwelling older adult women (73.96±7.52 years). The frailty phenotype (Fried Criteria) and the history of falls in the last 12 months were analyzed, followed by the evaluation of muscle power (Five times Sit-to-Stand Test), functional mobility (Time Up and Go), balance (Mini BESTest) and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale). The Mann Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The frailty rate among sedentary women (Pre-frail: 42.9%; Frail: 57.1%) was different from athlete women (Non frail: 100%). The rate of falls was the same in both groups (25.7%), however, sedentary controls fell at home (100%), while older adult athlete women fell in sports activities (88.9%). The athletes showed better scores (p<0.001) in all physical aspects when compared to the sedentary controls in muscle power (11.25 vs 24.10 seconds), functional mobility (10.01 vs. 16.04 seconds), balance (27 vs 19 points) and fear of falling (16 vs 27 points). Conclusion: Ahlete older women had lower frailty rates and fear of falling, as well as better physical aspects. The characteristics of falls were different, indicating the need and the importance of contemplating the lifestyle in prevention programs promoting healthy life for older adults.
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Tetley, Josephine. "Optimizing healthy ageing in disadvantaged communities: insights into older people’s use of health and social care services." Nursing Reports 2, no. 1 (2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nursrep.2012.e11.
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The European Year of Healthy Ageing recognizes that health care systems need to be improved and reorganized if services are to optimize the opportunities for people to stay healthy and well in their own homes for as long as possible. However, current services tend to be fragmented and insensitive to the needs of older people and their carers resulting in services being underused or refused leading to increased admissions into acute hospital care that could have been prevented. The main aim of the study reported in this paper was to identify the factors that affected older peoples&rsquo; decision and choice-making processes, when using or contemplating the use of care services. Using a constructivist methodology, this study used participant observation and 23 interviews in three study settings: an African Caribbean support service, day centers for people with memory and cognition problems and luncheon clubs for older people. An inductive analysis of the data revealed that when older community dwelling people found themselves struggling with certain aspects of their daily care needs; they used adapting, coping and seeking as strategies to manage. Additional issues of how well services were able to meet individual&rsquo;s aspirations for care and support were identified through themes of match-mismatch, fair-unfair, independence-dependence. The findings reported in this study provide important insights as to how people&rsquo;s needs are complex yet are negatively affected by rigid state controlled services that ultimately affect individual decisions to use or refuse services.
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Waite, Linda J. "NOVEL DATA AND APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF HEALTH AND AGING IN NSHAP." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2968.
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Abstract The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) is a longitudinal, population-based study that seeks to improve an understanding of the well-being of older, community-dwelling Americans. It accomplishes this by affording researchers a wide range of high quality measures that enable examining interactions among physical health and illness, medication use, cognitive function, emotional health, sensory function, health behaviors, social connectedness, sexuality, and relationship quality. The panelists in this symposium use NSHAP data to shed light on previously un- or underexplored aspects of health during aging. Kaufman et al. use interviewer ratings of respondents’ skin shade along with respondents’ individual experiences of discrimination, neighborhood racial composition, and other factors to characterize heterogeneity in the racial experience and how heterogeneity relates to health inequities. Riley integrates information on respondents’ residential region at birth and in older age to show that older adults who left the South are less healthy than those who stay in the South, and that social embeddedness helps to explain the health benefits for those who stay. Huang et al. take advantage of rich structural and functional social connectedness data to show that self-reported hearing impairment is associated with depth but not breadth of social connections. Huisingh-Scheetz et al. capitalizes on performance measures of gait speed and chair stands obtained at each wave to examine whether repeated measures improve the ability to predict loss of independence in activities of daily living. Discussant will discuss the importance, strengths, and weaknesses of these papers, and consider implications for future research.
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Gyasi, Razak M., David R. Phillips, and Padmore Adusei Amoah. "Multidimensional Social Support and Health Services Utilization Among Noninstitutionalized Older Persons in Ghana." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 3-4 (2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318816217.
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Objectives: This study examines multidimensional social supports as predictors of health services utilization among community-dwelling older Ghanaians. Method: Using data from a 2016/2017 Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-Seeking Behavior Study ( N = 1,200), Poisson regression models estimated the associations of aspects of informal social support and health facility utilization among older people. Results: Findings suggest that regular contacts with family/close friends (odds ratio [OR] = 1.299; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.111, 1.519]), social participation (OR = 1.021; 95% CI = [1.140, 1.910]), and remittances from adult children (OR = 1.091; 95%CI = [1.086, 1.207]) were associated with increased health services utilization with some gender variations. Having caregivers increased health care use generally (OR = 1.108; 95% CI = [1.016, 1.209]) and among men (OR = 1.181; 95% CI = [1.015, 1.373]). However, we found decrease in health care use among those who received pecuniary assistance (OR = 0.893; 95% CI = [0.805, 0.990]). Discussion: Perceived structural and functional social support domains appear influential in health care utilization among older adults in Ghana. The findings underscore the need for intervention programs and social policies targeted at both micro-factors and wider social factors, including the novel area of remittances to older adults.
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Ahijjo, Yusuf Musa, A. N. Baba-Kutigi, M. Momoh, A. M. Bayawa, and M. Hussain. "An Awareness Survey of Inhabitants Exposure to Radiological Impacts on Mines in Yauri LGA, Kebbi State, Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 11 (2018): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.956.
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A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yauri LGA, Kebbi State in between April, 2015 and January, 2016 in order to ascertain the level of awareness of inhabitant’s exposure to radioactivity from the mines. Yauri LGA was sampled based on its metropolitan and suburban parts that receives heavy mining activities by stratified random sampling by proportions. An interactive medium was created to sample the opinions of inhabitants around these mines through questionnaire. A total of 150 questionnaire were designed, 30 were accepted by the respondents and 22 were returned with response from the correspondents during the survey and interview to document and assessment awareness of the inhabitants. The study unveiled facts about the inhabitant’s awareness towards the environmental and health effect of indiscriminate mining activities around living places. The results shows that over 70% of the inhabitants within the suburb and metropolis concurred to the potential health consequences in their dwellings as a result of exposure to radioactivity from the mines respectively. These results indicates that the environmental and health discomfort due to indiscriminate mining activities around living places will be more significant in the near future if no immediate efforts are put in place to mimic future malady. The second aspect of this study whose results will be published in the subsequent issue involved collection of soil, water and vegetation samples in order to further assess the level of radioactive elements viz: 226Ra, 232Th and 40K occurrence in the study locality.
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Khopkar, Sushama A., Sangita Kulathinal, Suvi M. Virtanen, and Minna Säävälä. "Mental Wellbeing and Self-reported Symptoms of Reproductive Tract Infections among Girls." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 52 (December 20, 2017): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.65200.
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This study examined the self-reported mental wellbeing among slum-dwelling adolescents in Western India and asked whether adolescent postmenarcheal girls’ mental wellbeing and self-reported symptoms suggestive of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) were associated. A sub-section of a cross-sectional personal interview survey among unmarried 10–18-year-old adolescents (n= 85) in a slum in the city of Nashik was analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between sociodemographic variables, physical health indicators, and adolescent postmenarcheal girls’ mental wellbeing. Nearly every other postmenarcheal girl reported having experienced symptoms suggestive of RTIs during the last twelve months. Adolescent postmenarcheal girls’ mental health and some aspects of somatic health appear to be closely interrelated. Understanding the relationship between adolescent mental wellbeing and reproductive health in low-income countries requires further investigation. Health service development in growing informal urban agglomerations in India and beyond should provide combined mental and reproductive health services for adolescents.
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Jang, Heejung, and Fengyan Tang. "EFFECTS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS ON MORTALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GRANDPARENTING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.144.
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Abstract Issues of health and well-being have received considerable attention as a way to help grandparent caregivers. There is growing evidence that grandparenting is beneficial for grandparent caregivers’ health, yet acting as grandparent caregiver also is detrimental to health and social relations when a grandparent provides an extensive level of care to grandchildren. The extent to which grandparent caregiving benefits or harms of the health of a grandparent is still unknown; mortality specifically has not been systematically studied. Moreover, although altruistic behaviors towards others have been shown to have beneficial effects on caregivers’ health in general, there is little information regarding social relations of grandparent caregivers and their impact on mortality. This study aims to investigate the roles of different aspects of social relations among community-dwelling older adults, examining whether aspects of social relations, including social networks, received functional support aid, and perceived support quality, mediate the association between grandparent caregiving and mortality. The data were drawn from the 2008 and 2014 Health and Retirement Study (N=1,196). Results of survival analyses indicate that custodial and co-parenting grandparents were significantly associated with all-cause mortality over a 6-year period; however, the associations were marginally significant after health statuses were added into the model. Specifically, family-focused network groups were significantly associated with mortality. Received functional support and perceived positive support mediated the association between custodial grandparents and mortality. This study suggests that community-based support may be beneficial to older grandparents and perceived positive relationship quality could matter for older adults’ well-being.
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Buz, José, and Diana Pérez-Arechaederra. "Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Spanish version of the 11-item De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 9 (2014): 1553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214000507.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Loneliness has been associated with physical and mental health problems. It has also been considered a serious social problem that increases the use and costs of health services. The most widely used instrument in Europe for measuring loneliness is the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 11-item DJGLS by means of the Rasch model, and its convergent and discriminant validity.Methods:Participants were a representative sample of Spanish community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older. We evaluated sociodemographic variables, health, social support, social activity, and subjective well-being measures.Results:Person and item fit statistics, and standardized residual principal component analysis revealed that the DJGLS was essentially unidimensional. However, we found DIF across marital status and living arrangements. Moderate to high associations were found between loneliness and depression, self-rated loneliness, positive and negative emotions, and satisfaction with life. The DJGLS differentiated between well known-groups according to gender, marital status, living arrangements, health, structural and functional aspects of social networks, and social activity.Conclusions:The DJGLS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring loneliness in Spanish older adults. The addition of a few items in order to improve the measurement range is strongly recommended. Our findings are consistent with previous research indicating that loneliness is an important aspect of mental health and subjective well-being, and support the use of the scale to detect vulnerable population in old age.
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Reis, Luciana Araújo dos, Luana Araujo dos Reis, Gilson De Vasconcelos Torres, Claudio Henrique Meira Mascarenhas, and Thaiza Teixeira Xavier Nobre. "Functional capacity and associated factors in community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 10 (2011): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.2133-15571-1-le.0510201103.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and health factors on the functional capacity of community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly. Method: this is a descriptive exploratory study with a sample of 120 elderly men and women aged 60 years or older, residents of Jequié, Brazil, allocated to two groups of 60 elderly each. The first group was composed of community-dwelling elderly and the second of institutionalized elderly. The instrument consisted of four parts: 1) Sociodemographic and health characterization; 2) Pain-related aspects; 3) Numerical Pain Scale 4) Barthel’s Index. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 13.0 software, while descriptive analysis was performed using the chi-square (x2) and Fischer Exact tests, with a p value≤0.05. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State University of Southwest Bahia/UESB, opinion (No.224/08). Results: with respect to functional capacity, most of the community-dwelling elderly were classified as independent (86.7%) in all activities except personal hygiene, in which 86.7% were considered dependent. Most of the institutionalized elderly (70.0%) were classified as dependent as follows: transfer for personal hygiene (53.3%), bed-chair transfer (66.7%), walking (53.3%) and climbing stairs (60.0%). A statistically significant difference was found between functional capacity and pain (p
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FRANKE, THEA, JOANIE SIMS-GOULD, HABIB CHAUDHURY, MEGHAN WINTERS, and HEATHER MCKAY. "‘It makes your life worthwhile. It gives you a purpose in living’: mobility experiences among active older adults with low income." Ageing and Society 39, no. 8 (2018): 1639–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000181.
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ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization claims that mobility is vital to healthy ageing and is the best guarantee of older adults being able to cope and remain in their homes and communities. Mobility enables older adults to maintain their physical health, independence and participation in society. In general, mobility is examined objectively, from a quantitative perspective where mobility is measured as physical movement (e.g.physical activity) and/or travel behaviour (e.g.trips, modes and distances). The predominant focus on the functional aspects of mobility tends to overlook the subjective (e.g.perceptions, attitudes and motivations) and temporal dimensions of older adults’ mobility experiences. Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology, we conducted 24 in-depth interviews with six highly active community-dwelling older adults with low income, aged 65 or over, over a period of four years. Our analysis identified the following themes: maintaining a sense of self, being resourceful, openness to engagement, engaging in superficial contact, experiencing social capital, accessing transportation, leaving the immediate neighbourhood and facing affordability. Findings illustrate that intrapersonal factors, in addition to environmental (built, social and cultural) and temporal-level factors, play a crucial role in mobility. In the future, this gained knowledge can be incorporated into approaches to study the multiple interrelated factors and their interrelations that influence older adults’ mobility.
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Tang, Fengyan, Heejung Jang, Elizabeth A. Mulvaney, Jane Seoyoon Lee, Donald Musa, and Scott Beach. "Mental Health among Older Adults with Caregiving Needs: The Role of Social Networks." Social Work Research 43, no. 3 (2019): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/swr/svz013.
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Abstract A major challenge facing an aging society is the increased caregiving needs among community-dwelling older adults with chronic conditions. Reliance on social relations may help address caregiving needs and maintain older adults’ mental well-being. This study examines the roles of different aspects of social relations—social network size, social support, and service use—in the association between caregiving needs and mental health status (MHS). Using a sample of adults age 55 and over in an urban setting, authors tested the direct, mediation, and moderation effects models of social relations. Structural equation modeling was applied and latent variables of caregiving needs, MHS, and social network size were identified. Results showed that caregiving needs and informal social support (that is, network size, positive support, and negative strain) were directly related to MHS and that informal social support partially mediated the negative effect of caregiving needs on MHS; by contrast, service use moderated the association, indicating that those with caregiving needs who used more services were in better MHS than their counterparts with less service use. Findings point to the importance of social work interventions aimed at improving social relations and enhancing awareness and access to social services.
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Gan, Daniel Rong Yao, John Chye Fung, and Im Sik Cho. "Neighborhood Experiences of People Over Age 50: Factor Structure and Validity of a Scale." Gerontologist 60, no. 8 (2019): e559-e571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz111.
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Abstract Background and Objectives Various aspects of the neighborhood environment have been shown to correlate with older adults’ health. Socio-ecological models of health posit that interventions in the living environment can influence population health. Yet, there are no scales to comprehensively measure older people’s experiences of their neighborhoods especially in dense urban contexts. This study analyzes the psychometric properties and factor structure of a holistic measure of Older People’s Neighborhood Experience (OpenX) to understand constituent factors of residential satisfaction and well-being in dense urban contexts. Research Design and Methods Participants were 1,011 community-dwelling older adults aged 50 and older in Singapore. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Questions were drawn to measure physical and social aspects of the neighborhood as well as sociodemographic variables. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to obtain a shorter version; content validity, internal consistency, and external validity were assessed. Results The OpenX has a 4-dimensional structure, explaining 45.5% of the variance of neighborhood experience. They are communal affordance, embeddedness, environment pleasantness, and time outdoors. Good reliability and validity were found, including Cronbach’s alpha of 0.827. The correlation between neighborhood experience and objectively measured proximity to parks and fitness corners approached significance (p = .082). Discussion and Implications The 16-item OpenX demonstrated good psychometric properties. With reference to the transdisciplinary neighborhood health framework, it is useful for assessing older adults’ neighborhood environment, identifying neighborhoods for pilot population health interventions, and understanding how the neighborhood environment affects older adults’ health.
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HOLLAND, CAROL, ALEXIS BOUKOUVALAS, STUART WALLIS, et al. "Transition from community dwelling to retirement village in older adults: cognitive functioning and psychological health outcomes." Ageing and Society 37, no. 7 (2016): 1499–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000477.
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ABSTRACTSupported living and retirement villages are becoming a significant option for older adults with impairments, with independence concerns or for forward planning in older age, but evidence as to psychological benefits for residents is sparse. This study examined the hypothesis that the multi-component advantages of moving into a supported and physically and socially accessible ‘extra-care’ independent living environment will impact on psychological and functioning measures. Using an observational longitudinal design, 161 new residents were assessed initially and three months later, in comparison to 33 older adults staying in their original homes. Initial group differences were apparent but some reduced after three months. Residents showed improvement in depression, perceived health, aspects of cognitive function and reduced functional limitations, while controls showed increased functional limitations (worsening). Ability to recall specific autobiographical memories, known to be related to social problem solving, depression and functioning in social relationships, predicted change in communication limitations, and cognitive change predicted changes in recreational limitations. Change in anxiety and memory predicted change in depression. Findings suggest that older adults with independent living concerns who move to an independent but supported environment can show significant benefits in psychological outcomes and reduction in perceived impact of health on functional limitations in a short period. Targets for focused rehabilitation are indicated, but findings also validate development of untargeted general supportive environments.
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Roberts, Laken, Laura Samuel, Danielle Boyce, Melissa Hladek, Sarah LaFave, and Sarah Szanton. "The Home, Block, and Community Environments and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1976.
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Abstract Prior studies have linked household and community conditions to the health and functioning of older adults. However, few studies have investigated associations between household, block, and community environmental conditions with biomarkers of aging. This study used NHATS Round 7 (2017) data on 3,283 community-dwelling older adults to test cross-sectional associations between interior and exterior household disorder, block disorder, community social cohesion, and four biomarkers: C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c, cytomegalovirus, and interleukin-6. Survey-weighted models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, homeownership, housing type, and metropolitan area; HbA1c was stratified by diabetes diagnosis. Greater interior household disorder was associated with higher IL-6 (β=0.06, SE=0.025, p=0.014) and, among diabetics, greater block disorder was associated with higher HbA1c (β=0.11, SE=0.05, p=0.046). These results link home and block environmental characteristics with biomarkers of aging, suggesting that modifiable aspects of older adults’ living environments may be related to disease and disability risk via physiologic dysregulation.
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Rusilanti, Rusilanti, Clara Meliyanti Kusharto, and Ekawati S. Wahyuni. "ASPEK PSIKOSOSIAL, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN LANSIA DI MASYRAKAT." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 1, no. 2 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2006.1.2.1-7.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.6pt .0001pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">This research attempts to analyze psychosocial aspect, physical activity, and food consumption of the elderly living in the community dwelling. Research locations were chosen purposively in three </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">POSBINDU (The Services Post for Elderly) located at areal of Bogor City, namely: Kelurahan Budi Agung (represents city-high income society), Kelurahan Baranangsiang (city-moderate to low society), and Kelurahan Situ Gede (boundary between city to rural-low income society). A simple random sampling was applied to select the subjects. One hundred ninety-seven (197) subjects aged range 60-85 years old (mean age 68.4 years) were selected in those places and completed the survey between August 2004-July 2006. A cross –sectional design and one point approach was followed (Si</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">ngarimbun &amp; Effendi, 1995). A<strong> </strong></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">structured questionnaire was developed to collect data about psychological aspects (family and community support; health behavior; level of depression; life satisfaction), and food consumption limited to some nutrients essensial for elderly. For physical activity assessment, each subject rated his/her capacity involved in housekeeping. A descriptive, Chi Square, One Way ANOVA and Tuckey tests were applied to analyze the data. The research results showed that there is no significance difference among elderly in three sites in terms of psychological aspect. However, there are significance differences in health behavior and physical activity. The worst health behavior and physical activity conditions were found among elderly in </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">Kelurahan Situ Gede caused by the social-economic differences. In terms of food consumption aspects, the significance differences exist in intake of vitamin A, vitamin B, and calcium among the subjects.</span></p>
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Carver, Lisa, Rob Beamish, Susan Phillips, and Michelle Villeneuve. "A Scoping Review: Social Participation as a Cornerstone of Successful Aging in Place among Rural Older Adults." Geriatrics 3, no. 4 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3040075.
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Despite obstacles, many rural-dwelling older adults report that positive aspects of rural residence, such as attachment to community, social participation, and familiarity, create a sense of belonging that far outweighs the negative. By being part of a community where they are known and they know people, rural elders continue to find meaning, the key to achieving successful aging in this last stage of life. This scoping review explored factors influencing social participation and, through it, successful aging among rural-dwelling older adults. We sought to answer the question: what factors enhance or detract from the ability of rural-dwelling older adults to engage in social participation in rural communities? The scoping review resulted in 19 articles that highlight the importance of supports to enable older people to spend time with others, including their pets, engage in volunteer and community activities, and help maintain their home and care for their pets. Overall, the lack of services, including local health care facilities, was less important than the attachment to place and social capital associated with aging in place.