Journal articles: 'Health aspects of Eggs'

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Molnár, Szilvia, and László Szőllősi. "Sustainability and Quality Aspects of Different Table Egg Production Systems: A Literature Review." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197884.

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Eggs are of considerable importance in feeding the population, as they are a relatively inexpensive and complex food source of very high biological value. The daily animal protein requirement for the human body can be covered with eggs in the cheapest way and with the lowest environmental impact. As animal welfare, as well as environmental and health awareness issues, become increasingly prominent in developed countries, consumer demand for eggs has also changed significantly in recent years, with an increasing number of consumers buying eggs produced in non-cage housing systems. In recent years, cage housing has been more frequently debated in EU member states. An initiative was launched in 2018 to end cage housing technologies and the sale of eggs produced in this way. However, in addition to animal welfare, a number of other factors need to be considered in relation to sustainable production. For this reason, the aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the sustainability issues of various housing technologies, as well as quality factors affecting consumer health and egg consumption based on the relevant international references and databases. Although there is a growing demand for products produced in non-cage housing systems due to the increasing relevance of environmental protection, health awareness and animal welfare issues in Western societies, research has shown that non-caged production is not the best solution for environmentally, socially and economically sustainable egg production.

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Despommier, Dickson. "Toxocariasis: Clinical Aspects, Epidemiology, Medical Ecology, and Molecular Aspects." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16, no. 2 (April 2003): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.16.2.265-272.2003.

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SUMMARY Toxocariasis is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world. The eggs from these ascarids are common environmental contaminants of human habitation, due largely to the fact that many kinds of dogs and cats serve as pets, while countless others run wild throughout the streets of most urban centers. The eggs, present in dog and cat feces, become infectious within weeks after they are deposited in the local environment (e.g., sandboxes, city parks, and public beaches, etc.). Humans, particularly children, frequently ingest these eggs by accident and become infected. Infection in humans, in contrast to their definitive hosts, remains occult, often resulting in disease caused by the migrating larval stages. Visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) are two clinical manifestations that result in definable syndromes and present as serious health problems wherever they occur. Diagnosis and treatment of VLM and OLM are difficult. These issues are summarized in this review, with emphasis on the ecology of transmission and control of spread to both humans and animals through public health initiatives employing treatment of pets and environmental intervention strategies that limit the areas that dogs and cats are allowed within the confines of urban centers.

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Bertechini, Antonio Gilberto, and Helenice Mazzuco. "The table egg: a review." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542013000200001.

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This present review intends to provide information and update the reader about diverse aspects of quality and consumption of eggs, the variation among consumer preference worldwide emphasizing the upper status this food represents as source of essential nutrients for human health. This review mainly focus on topics regarding production and quality of table eggs, emphasizing some aspects of the egg market, trend in egg intake and consumers perceptions regarding egg content and nutritious values. Additionally, results from specific studies that provide new findings about the role of enrichment egg components on health, prevention and treatment of diseases are discussed. A novel viewpoint is proposed in this review, highlighting the perspective for an increase of consumption of egg and egg products, mainly in markets where the consumption pattern is known to be low. How the information about shell eggs and its nutrients reach the consumer strongly affect the way this food of higher biological functions takes part in the human diet.

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Takaki, Kevin K., Francisco J. Roca, Gabriele Schramm, Ruud H. P. Wilbers, Wannaporn Ittiprasert, Paul J. Brindley, Gabriel Rinaldi, Matthew Berriman, Lalita Ramakrishnan, and Antonio J. Pagán. "Tumor Necrosis Factor and Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen omega-1 shape distinct aspects of the early egg-induced granulomatous response." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): e0008814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008814.

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Infections by schistosomes result in granulomatous lesions around parasite eggs entrapped within the host tissues. The host and parasite determinants of the Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced granulomatous response are areas of active investigation. Some studies in mice implicate Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) produced in response to the infection whereas others fail to find a role for it. In addition, in the mouse model, the S. mansoni secreted egg antigen omega-1 is found to induce granulomas but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We have recently developed the zebrafish larva as a model to study macrophage recruitment and granuloma formation in response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Here we use this model to investigate the mechanisms by which TNF and omega-1 shape the early granulomatous response. We find that TNF, specifically signaling through TNF receptor 1, is not required for macrophage recruitment to the egg and granuloma initiation but does mediate granuloma enlargement. In contrast, omega-1 mediates initial macrophage recruitment, with this chemotactic activity being dependent on its RNase activity. Our findings further the understanding of the role of these host- and parasite-derived factors and show that they impact distinct facets of the granulomatous response to the schistosome egg.

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Kuang, Heqian, Fang Yang, Yan Zhang, Tiannan Wang, and Guoxun Chen. "The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis." Cholesterol 2018 (August 23, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6303810.

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Nutrient deficiencies and excess are involved in many aspects of human health. As a source of essential nutrients, eggs have been used worldwide to support the nutritional needs of human societies. On the other hand, eggs also contain a significant amount of cholesterol, a lipid molecule that has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Whether the increase of egg consumption will lead to elevated cholesterol absorption and disruption of cholesterol homeostasis has been a concern of debate for a while. Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated through its dietary intake, endogenous biosynthesis, utilization, and excretion. Recently, some research interests have been paid to the effects of egg consumption on cholesterol homeostasis through the intestinal cholesterol absorption. Nutrient components in eggs such as phospholipids may contribute to this process. The goals of this review are to summarize the recent progress in this area and to discuss some potential benefits of egg consumption.

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Philpott, Sean. "Eggs, Lies and Compromise." American Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 6 (November 2005): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160500391628.

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Cattapan, Alana Rose. "Good eggs? Evaluating consent forms for egg donation." Journal of Medical Ethics 42, no. 7 (March 7, 2016): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-102964.

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Bonnicksen, Andrea L. "Fetal Motherhood: Toward a Compulsion to Generate Lives?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6, no. 1 (1997): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007568.

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A scientist at Edinburgh University announced in 1994 that he had removed ovaries from, mouse fetuses and transplanted them, to adult mice. The ovaries released eggs, and conceptions occurred. Although this was not the first such attempt with mice, the study attracted attention because the researcher suggested, that fetal to adult ovarian transplants were a theoretical possibility for humans. If aborted, fetuses were used, as egg sources in assisted conception, a new entity would arise: the never-born genetic mother. Using eggs from aborted fetuses for conception would lead to quixotic and novel family ties. Its use would echo surrogate gestational motherhood, in which a child has both a genetic mother who contributed her egg and a gestational mother who contributed her uterus for gestation and childbirth. With fetal egg use, however, the child's genetic mother would be a never-born fetus without sentience or known, physiology.

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Angelovičová, Mária, Michal Angelovič, and Lucia Zeleňáková. "Research of selected physical indicators of table eggs in the small-scale breedings from the aspect of health safety." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (October 28, 2020): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1357.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate selected indicators of the table eggs in small-scale breedings, focusing mainly on the eggshell and its contamination and damage. Our object of study was eggs, shell, damage, and contamination of table eggs. Four small-scale breedings were randomly selected in Slovakia. These breeds were alternatively with an outdoor free-range. Laying hens Dominant was bred under conditions small-scale breeds No.1, No. 2 and No. 3 in the 1st laying cycle, and No. 4 in the 2nd laying cycle. Egg weight was balanced in three small-scale breedings. Egg weight was significantly higher in the fourth small-scale breeding, statistically significant (p <0.05) compared to egg weight in the studied 3 small-scale breedings. Shell weight and shell thickness in the equatorial plane of the egg were balanced in three small-scale breedings and in the fourth small-scale breedings were significantly higher, statistically significant (p <0.05). The higher egg weight per breeding is related to the higher laying hens age that was in the 2nd laying cycle compared to laying hens 3 small-scale breedings in the 1st laying cycle. Higher eggshell weight in three farms may be related to improved conditions in breeding hygiene, as confirmed by the results of investigations into contamination and damage to table eggs. These differences may also be related to nutrition.

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Savulescu, Julian, and Imogen Goold. "Freezing Eggs for Lifestyle Reasons." American Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 6 (August 25, 2008): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160802248492.

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Cefalo, Robert C., and Peter Singer. "Eggs, Embryos, and Ethics." Hastings Center Report 21, no. 5 (September 1991): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562890.

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Jones, TC, and RGJ Lester. "Aspects of the biology and pathogenicity of Diceratocephala boschmai (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida), an ectosymbiont on the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 6 (1993): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930927.

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In commercial ponds, numbers of Diceratocephala boschmai, a temnocephalid ectocommensal on the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, were lowest in spring (October-December) and highest in autumn (April). Worm numbers on host crayfish increased over the summer breeding period (December-April) when moulting stopped and decreased during the winter (April-October) when hosts were moulting. The number of worms correlated positively with host size. P>D. boschmai showed low host specificity in the laboratory. Worms developed and deposited eggs on five different species of Cherax (C. cuspidatus, C. depressus, C. destructor, C. tenuimanus and C. quadricarinatus). Worms did not survive on the shrimp Macrobrachium spp. because of the grooming habits of these hosts. The health of crayfish was not significantly affected by infestations with D. boschmai. Worms were not found in the branchial chamber and so were not associated with respiratory distress. They ate damaged crayfish eggs but did not attack healthy eggs.

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Rodionova, N. S., Tatiana V. Alekseeva, V. Yu Kustov, E. S. Popov, and Yu O. Kalgina. "ASPECTS OF OBTAINING FORMS OF SOLUBLE ORGANIC CALCIUM FROM THE EGGSHELL." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-8-762-766.

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Introduction. The shell of chicken eggs has long been used as a natural source of calcium in various food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. There is a perspective to obtain soluble forms of calcium from the eggshell in the form of ascorbates, citrates, lactates, used in food technology as food additives that are obtained chemically. To date, the volume of eggshell produced in Russia is about 215 thousand tons per year, but the solubility of calcium from the shell is low, which does not allow the widespread use of this by-product of domestic production. One of the ways to increase the solubility of calcium can be considered the application of the process of mechanoactivation of the shell. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the disintegration-wave action on the solubility of calcium shell eggs in organic acids in order to obtain soluble forms of ascorbates, lactates, and citrates. Methods. The prepared shell of chicken eggs was milled on a disintegrator of the FED “Cedar 3601” grade and placed in solutions of organic acids until the calcium concentration values, determined by atomic-emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (AES-ISP) using an Optima 2000 atomic emission spectrometer DV (Perkin Elmer) became constant. Results. The existing data on the effect of mechanoactivation on the process of increasing the solubility of substances are analyzed. The effect of the disintegration-wave action on the solubility of the eggshell in organic acids is studied. Discussion. The disintegration-wave action was found to have a significant effect on the solubility of the eggshell eggs in citric lemon, ascorbic and lactic acids. The greatest effect of mechanoactivation was established to be achieved with a two- or three-fold disintegration-wave action. The maximum solubility was observed at pH = 2.0-3.0. The maximum solubility was observed when dissolved in ascorbic acid at 90°C, and in lactic and citric acids - at 60°C. Conclusion. Soluble forms of calcium obtained in the form of ascorbates, citrates, lactates, can be used in food technology as food additives. The application of the method of disintegration-wave action on the eggshell was established to increase the solubility of calcium in it. There are determined optimal settings, at which the maximum achievable values of calcium concentrations in systems are reached.

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Downie, Jocelyn, and Françoise Baylis. "Transnational Trade in Human Eggs: Law, Policy, and (In)Action in Canada." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12015.

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In Canada (as elsewhere) there is a growing demand for human eggs for reproductive purposes and currently demand exceeds supply. This is not surprising, as egg production and retrieval is onerous. It requires considerable time, effort, and energy and carries with it significant physical and psychological risks. In very general terms, one cycle of egg production and retrieval involves an estimated total of 56 hours for interviews, counseling, and medical procedures (i.e., screening, hormonal stimulation, and egg retrieval). The screening carries risks of unanticipated findings with severe consequences for insurability (which can be catastrophic). The daily hormone injections can be painful and uncomfortable, causing cramping, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, mood changes, and irritability.

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Forrow, Lachlan. "The Green Eggs and Ham Phenomena." Hastings Center Report 24, no. 6 (November 1994): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3563481.

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Kachnič, J., N. Sasáková, I. Papajová, K. Veszelits Laktičová, R. Hromada, J. Harkabus, S. Ondrašovičová, and J. Papaj. "The risk to human health related to disposal of animal wastes to soil — microbiological and parasitical aspects." Helminthologia 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-013-0124-4.

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Abstract The study was conducted to investigate the microbiological and parasitical risk related to the disposal of animal manure to soil by storage of raw pig slurry at temperatures 4 °C, 20 °C and 42 °C for 115 days. Plate counts of Salmonella typhimurium and number of devitalized non-embryonated model Ascaris suum eggs were determined on days 0, 7, 12, 22, 32, 40, 55, 90 and 115 of storage. At the same intervals level of selected physico-chemical parameters were determined. Microbiological examination showed that S. typhimurium survived in the slurry for less than 115 days at 4 °C and less than 90 days at 20 °C and 42 °C. Devitalization of A. suum eggs increased with temperature and time of storage, but complete devitalization was not achieved even after 115 days at 42 °C. Physico-chemical parameters showed changes related to decomposition processes, but did not allow us to draw definite conclusion regarding their influence on devitalization of pathogens. The results indicate potential risk to human food chain that can be prevented by strict observation of legislative provisions and appropriate treatment of animal manure.

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Zaheer, Khalid. "An Updated Review on Chicken Eggs: Production, Consumption, Management Aspects and Nutritional Benefits to Human Health." Food and Nutrition Sciences 06, no. 13 (2015): 1208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.613127.

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hale, elizabeth. "James Bond and the Art of Eating Eggs." Gastronomica 12, no. 4 (2012): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.4.84.

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James Bond eats a significant quantity of eggs in the Ian Fleming novels. In contrast to his popular, decadent image, the food consumption that provides Bond with a private identity is simple, everyday food, such as eggs, which underscore his qualities as an English Everyman, who shares the food habits of his post-war British audience, but does so with style and connoisseurship. Eggs possess further symbolic resonances for Bond's character. In On Her Majesty's Secret Service, eggs underscore his essential solitary individuality, but also his potential to act as a binding agent on behalf of British society. In Thunderball, in their less than healthy aspects, eggs represent the lure of forbidden food, underscoring Bond's machismo as a lover of food and women.

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Cohen, I. Glenn, Jacob S. Sherkow, and Eli Y. Adashi. "Gene Editing Sperm and Eggs (not Embryos)." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 3 (2020): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958891.

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Perla, Lisa. "Is In-Vitro Fertilization for Older Women Ethical? a personal perspective." Nursing Ethics 8, no. 2 (March 2001): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300100800208.

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Fertility treatments raise a range of social and ethical issues regarding self-identity for family, sexual intimacy, and the interests and welfare of potential children. Eggs and sperm are combined to produce fertilized eggs. These eggs are then implanted as embryos and grow into viable fetuses, which are carried by the original mother or a surrogate mother. This artificial form of conception can challenge religious values and family structures. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) can be considered either as a medical miracle or playing with divinity. What obligation do medical professionals have to infertile women and to what extent? The bioethical dilemma of IVF use encompasses different moral issues for all involved in the process. Ethical issues address respect for personal autonomy, access and care, and the duty of the health care provider to be compassionate to persons whose actions and moral values may be different from their own. Health care providers need to impart empathy, understanding and sensitivity towards this unique type of patient population. The conflict for those treating patients who are trying to conceive by IVF includes respect for personal autonomy, nonmaleficence, justice, utility and the ethics of care. As a registered nurse in a postpartum hospital unit, I have seen antepartum and postpartum women involved with this new technology. I have worked with mothers and their partners as they experience different levels of anxiety and hope for the future. There is an underlying psychosocial connection with patients who undergo IVF treatments. The purpose of this article is to explore the ethical use of IVF on older women. Is this type of biotechnolgy being applied for the right reasons and for the best patient population?

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Reis, Elizabeth, and Samuel Reis-Dennis. "Freezing Eggs and Creating Patients:Moral Risks of Commercialized Fertility." Hastings Center Report 47 (November 24, 2017): S41—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.794.

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de Melo-Martín, Inmaculada. "Ethics, Embryos, and Eggs: The Need for More than Epistemic Values." American Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 12 (December 18, 2008): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160802559211.

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Feddern, V., H. Mazzuco, F. N. Fonseca, and G. J. M. M. de Lima. "A review on biogenic amines in food and feed: toxicological aspects, impact on health and control measures." Animal Production Science 59, no. 4 (2019): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18076.

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Biogenic amines (BAs) represent a considerable toxicological risk in some food and feed products. They are formed under unhygienic conditions during storage and processing; therefore, an increase in the concentrations of those metabolites is related to putrefaction. Because BAs are thermostable, they remain in food and feed that have undergone heat treatment. There are several toxicological effects, especially caused by histamine, when high concentrations of BAs are ingested by humans, depending on the food itself and also on individual susceptibility and individual health status. The present paper reviews the main BAs in meat products, their use as spoilage indicators, the risk on human health and also the contamination of by-product meals. Furthermore, we highlight the state of art regarding impact of BAs on poultry, meat and eggs.

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Mohapatra, Seema. "False Framings: The Co-Opting of Sex-Selection by the Anti-Abortion Movement." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2 (2015): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12242.

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Sujatha Jesudason and Tracy Weitz provide an empirical examination of the framing of public discourses related to assisted reproductive technology (ART) and abortion by examining two bills considered by the California legislature in “Eggs and Abortion: The Language of Protection in Legislation Regulating Abortion and Egg Donation in Debate over Two California Laws.” Jesudason and Weitz analyze the framing of two different legislative efforts: one allowing non-physician practitioners to perform non-surgical abortions and the other removing the prohibition on egg donor payment in the research setting. Jesudason and Weitz identified three different memes that were present in the discussion of these two bills: health care providers and scientists as inherently suspect, denial of women of agency through speaking about them as passive actors that things happen to, and the focus on potential harms and the need to protect women from harm. What was most compelling about their article is that they convincingly show how these themes were used as political tools by both anti-choice and pro-choice groups in California. Jesudason and Weitz note that “frames and language matter.”

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Palacios-González, César. "Does egg donation for mitochondrial replacement techniques generate parental responsibilities?" Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 12 (October 25, 2017): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104400.

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Children created through mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are commonly presented as possessing 50% of their mother’s nuclear DNA, 50% of their father’s nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial DNA of an egg donor. This lab-engineered genetic composition has prompted two questions: Do children who are the product of an MRT procedure have three genetic parents? And, do MRT egg donors have parental responsibilities for the children created? In this paper, I address the second question and in doing so I also address the first one. First, I present a brief account of mitochondrial diseases and MRTs. Second, I examine how MRTs affect the numerical identity of eggs and zygotes. Third, I investigate two genetic accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. Fourth, I explore three causal accounts of parenthood and MRT egg donation. My conclusion is that, under the appropriate circumstances, MRT egg donors are parentally responsible for the children created under genetic accounts of parenthood and under causal accounts of parenthood.

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Tapeshkina, Natalia V., Elena V. Koskina, Nadezhda V. Yagnyukova, Tatyana G. Korsakova, and Tatyana D. Logunova. "Actual aspects of feeding management for preschoolers." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-7-724-729.

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The purpose of the study was a comparative assessment of the actual diet of preschoolers, taking into account changes in the requirements of sanitary legislation on the organization of public catering. Materials and methods. Nutrition was assessed based on a study of the menu-layouts of two-week implemented menus in 4 preschool organizations. The analysis of children’s diets’ nutritional and biological value was carried out according to the leading indices of normative documents and legislative acts. A comparative characteristic of the actual food set was carried out, taking into account the changes in the requirements, the sanitary and epidemiological rules, and norms of SanPiN 2.3 / 2.4.3590-20 that had come into effect again. Results. The structure of the food set sold to children in the preschool organization was irrational. The optimal consumption (from 94 to 104% of the norm) of primary food products (meat, poultry, milk and dairy products, cottage cheese, sour cream, eggs) was established. The disadvantage of the menus under analysis was the deficit in the food assortment of rye bread, fish, fruit, leftover pasta, sugar, confectionery, and the presence of products excluded from the new food set (sausages). The nutritional and energy value of children’s diets was sufficient compared to the norms of physiological needs. However, there was an imbalance in both macro and micronutrients, especially calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Conclusion. According to the menu-layouts in children’s institutions, evaluation of children’s nutrition showed that they did not comply with both the previously existing and newly introduced regulatory requirements for indices of food supply and the chemical composition of rations. The needs of the recently entered sanitary rules and norms for feeding organizations were not considered when drawing up the menu in institutions. Revision of the food set requires making adjustments to the technological charts for baby nutrition and the elaboration of guidelines for developing menus in new conditions.

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Bykova, S. T., T. G. Kalinina, T. V. Bushueva, and T. E. Borovik. "Methodological aspects of the use of dry components of chicken eggs for feeding children with phenylketonuria." Food systems 3, no. 4 (January 13, 2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2020-3-4-20-23.

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Currently, one of the most important tasks facing science and production is the creation of functional product technologies for use in different diets of the population in order to preserve and improve health, as well as reduce the risks and consequences of various diseases, including hereditary ones, such as phenylketonuria (PKU). The All-Russian Research Institute of Starch Products develops technologies for the production of low-protein starch-based products/semi-products enriched with functional ingredients and intended for therapeutic nutrition of patients with PKU. As part of the pilot production, the production of these products is organized. Purpose of work:to justify the possibility of using dry components of chicken eggs (melange, protein, yolk) to enrich low-protein starch products (noodles, vermichel, «spider») intended for feeding children over 3 years old with phenylketonuria;evaluate organoleptic properties and efficiency of low-protein starch products enriched in hypophenylalanine diet of patients with phenylketonuria older than 3 years.

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de Campos, Thana Cristina. "Health as a Basic Human Need: Would This Be Enough?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 2 (2012): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00662.x.

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Our society is obsessed with health. At every second, everywhere, we are surrounded and overwhelmed by distressing calls on how vital it is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. While incorporating a healthy diet and physical exercise into our routines are the foremost commandments, everything from tobacco to refined sugars, trans fat, excessive alcohol, caffeine, and even eggs are declared public evils. Yet there is hope: medicines will save us! And indeed medicines exist available for all kinds of human afflictions. There are pills to help you relax and forget about stress, while some others, on the contrary, can keep you miraculously alert. There are pills that heal your most unbearable pains, physical or emotional, wherever their location — the head, back, quadriceps, heart, or soul. Though they may cause your stomach to burn, that is easily remedied by taking a complementary pill that will neutralize your stomach acidity with only some minor and negligible side effects elsewhere. There are also magic pills that promise you happiness, by giving you the power to thrive and the endurance to conquer the world. They ignite your hunger for achievement, but also for extra sugar and saturated fat.

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Shirai, Yasuko. "Japanese Attitudes toward Assisted Procreation." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 21, no. 1 (1993): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1993.tb01229.x.

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The first “test-tube baby” in Japan was born in March, 1983 at Tohoku University Hospital. Since then ten years have passed. Table 1 indicares the clinical results of in vitro fertilization in this country. As it shows, more than 145 institutions perform IVF, and more than 3,000 babies have now been born using this procedure.According to the recommendations issued in October, 1983 by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF is defined as a medical practice for treating infertility, and this procedure is performed only on married couples de jure. Eggs and embryos are not donated for IVF in Japan, nor does any “lending” or “leasing” of wombs take place. However, inFebruary, 1988 the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology issued new recommendations which allow clinical use of frozen embryos and eggs. The first baby from a frozen embryo was born in 1989, and 60 babies have been born to date.

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Chowdhury, SD, BC Ray, A. Khatun, MRA Redoy, and AS Afsana. "Application of probiotics in commercial layer diets: a review." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 49, no. 1 (October 18, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v49i1.49372.

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Probiotics of various commercial preparations are being considered worldwide for poultry as performance enhancers and suitable alternatives to antibiotics. Much of the previous efforts to explore beneficial effects of probiotics were directed for commercial broilers and scientific information for commercial layer nutrition is limited in contrast to that of broilers. To our knowledge, whatever information is available, no attempt has been made as yet to make a comprehensive review of the effects of probiotics on layer chicken covering different aspects of production. This review is prepared by consolidating and updating information available in the literature covering laying performance, serum chemistry, egg quality and its safety aspects. Data generated from a number of studies clearly indicated that apart from a few exceptions, probiotics are found to be effective for the improvement of laying performance; serum biochemical parameters, egg shell and albumen quality and they are suitable for the production of safe eggs. Effect of probiotics on layers is mediated by boosting up gut health thereby creating an environment for better nutrient assimilation and thus an improvement of production and egg quality is achieved. Factors affecting such results need to be assessed more precisely since they contribute to some contradictions in the literatures. Nevertheless, the feed industry can rely on probiotics as quite safe for the production of quality feed to support commercial layer nutrition. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 1-12

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Tilburt, Jon C. "Chickens & Eggs, Pigs and Their Lipstick: The Trouble with Asking Principlism to Do Too Much." American Journal of Bioethics 21, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1965246.

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Tasca, Richard J., and Michael E. McClure. "The Emerging Technology and Application of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 26, no. 1 (1998): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01901.x.

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Efforts to improve the means to diagnose and treat human genetic diseases have a long history in biomedical research and medicine. Now, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) provides a new way to prevent the transmission of certain types of human genetic diseases to the next generation. It is an alternative to elective termination of pregnancies.PGD is used to test for genetic diseases that are due to defective single genes or abnormal chromosomes within days of fertilization and prior to the establishment of pregnancy. The procedure essentially begins with the biopsy of one or more cells of a cleavage stage or blastocyst stage preimplantation human embryo that has been produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF). In certain cases, PGD can be done on polar bodies—discarded by-products of egg formation containing excess chromosomes—of unfertilized eggs. Then, the cell(s), or a polar body, is placed into a tube for single gene analysis (DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)), or for chromosome analysis by spreading the nucleus of the cell on a microscope slide (fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)).

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Flammer, Patrik G., and Adrian L. Smith. "Intestinal helminths as a biomolecular complex in archaeological research." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1812 (October 5, 2020): 20190570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0570.

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Enteric helminths are common parasites in many parts of the world and in the past were much more widespread both geographically and socially. Many enteric helminths are relatively long-lived in the human host, often benign or of low pathogenicity while producing large numbers of environmentally resistant eggs voided in the faeces or found associated with individual remains (skeletons and mummies). The combination of helminth characters offers opportunities to the field of historical pathogen research that are quite different to that of some of the more intensively studied high impact pathogens. Historically, a wealth of studies has employed microscopic techniques to diagnose infection using the morphology of the helminth eggs. More recently, various ancient DNA (aDNA) approaches have been applied in the archaeoparasitological context and these are revolutionizing the field, allowing much more specific diagnosis as well as interrogating the epidemiology of helminths. These advances have enhanced the potential for the field to provide unique information on past populations including using diseases to consider many aspects of life (e.g. sanitation, hygiene, diet, culinary practices and other aspects of society). Here, we consider the impact of helminth archaeoparasitology and more specifically the impact and potential for application of aDNA technologies as a part of the archaeologists' toolkit. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.

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Wierzejski, Wojciech. "Szaleństwo nadprodukcji. Model industrialny produkcji żywności – krytyka i alternatywa." Civitas. Studia z Filozofii Polityki 16 (January 30, 2014): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/civ.2014.16.03.

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This article presents the system of industrial food animal production (IFAP) in the USA. There is a trend in animal agriculture to conduct fewer financial operations and to have more animals raised on each farm and fewer corporations controlling most aspects of the supply chain – from breeding through feed production to slaughter and the marketing of meat, milk and eggs. Much of the burden of producing animal products in the industrialized system is externalized in public health and natural environment, and it also generates considerable social costs. The model, however, has been followed in many other countries and continues to be replicated around the world. Is there an alternative?

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Guigoz, Yves. "Dietary Proteins in Humans: Basic Aspects and Consumption in Switzerland." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 81, no. 23 (March 1, 2011): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000062.

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This introductory review gives an overview on protein metabolism, and discusses protein quality, sources, and requirements as well as the results from recent studies on Swiss spontaneous protein consumption. To assess protein quality in protein mixes and foods, the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) is presented as a valuable tool in addition to the biological value (BV). Considering protein intake recommendations, the lower limit recommended has been defined according to the minimal amount needed to maintain short-term nitrogen balance in healthy people with moderate activity. Evaluation of intakes in Switzerland from food consumption data is about 90 g/day of protein per person. Two-thirds of proteins consumed in Switzerland are animal proteins with high biological value [meat and meat products (28 %), milk and dairy products (28 %), fish (3 %), and eggs (3 %)] and about 1/3 of proteins are of plant origin (25 % of cereals, 3 - 4 % of vegetables). Actual spontaneous protein consumption in Switzerland by specific groups of subjects is well within the actual recommendations (10 - 20 % of energy) with only the frail elderly being at risk of not covering their requirements for protein.

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Baylis, F., and C. McLeod. "The stem cell debate continues: the buying and selling of eggs for research." Journal of Medical Ethics 33, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2007.022129.

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HOLLAND, C. V. "Knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of Toxocara: the enigma remains." Parasitology 144, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001407.

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SUMMARYToxocara species infect a wide range of companion, domestic and wild animals as definitive and paratenic hosts, via multiple routes of transmission, producing long-lived tissue-inhabiting larvae and resistant eggs that can survive in the external environment. Therefore Toxocara and the disease it causes in humans, toxocariasis, represents an ideal aetiological agent for the development of the one health approach. However, despite increasing awareness of the public health significance of toxocariasis, gaps in our understanding of certain key aspects of the parasite's biology and epidemiology remain. These gaps hinder our ability to integrate research effort within the veterinary, medical and environmental disciplines. This review will highlight key deficits in our understanding of nine dimensions of Toxocara epidemiology and discuss a potential scenario to develop a more integrated, one health approach to improve our understanding of the prevention and control of this complex and cryptic zoonosis.

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Kozłowska, Izabela, Joanna Marć-Pieńkowska, and Marek Bednarczyk. "2. Beneficial Aspects of Inulin Supplementation as a Fructooligosaccharide Prebiotic in Monogastric Animal Nutrition – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0090.

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Abstract Inulin is widely used as a prebiotic additive in the nutrition of farm animals and pets. This fructooligosaccharide demonstrates a beneficial effect on host health by stimulating the growth and development of commensal bacterial species inhabiting the large intestine. Used for example in the feeding of piglets, inulin greatly enhances their daily body weight gains and also reduces the risk of anemia (Tako et al., 2008). In poultry, in the case of meat breeds, inulin provides better feed utilization, increases the daily gains and the final carcass weight (Ammerman et al., 1988). In laying hens, it positively stimulates the production of eggs (Chen et al., 2005). The addition of prebiotics in the diet of dogs has a positive effect on the concentration of the end products of sugar and protein fermentation in the colon, thus contributing to the health status and good condition of the animal (Flickinger et al., 2003 b; Middelbos et al., 2007). Moreover, inulin beneficially affects the efficiency of the immune system of the organism (including the anticarcinogenic properties) (Kelly-Quagliana et al., 1998), as well as lipids and the cholesterol metabolism by effectively reducing their concentrations in the blood serum (Grela et al., 2014 a). This paper characterizes inulin as a prebiotic additive in the diet of selected species of monogastric animals. In addition, data about the hypolipidemic and immunostimulatory properties of inulin are presented.

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Dourado, Daiana Aparecida Quintiliano Scarpelli, Maria de Fátima Nunes Marucci, Manuela de Almeida Roediger, and Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte. "Dietary patterns of elderly persons from the city of São Paulo: evidence from the SABE (Health, Wellbeing and Aging) survey." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 21, no. 6 (December 2018): 731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.180092.

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Abstract Objective: to determine the dietary patterns of elderly persons in terms of sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical aspects. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted using the cohorts of the SABE (Health, Wellbeing and Aging) study. An epidemiological, home-based study representative of the city of São Paulo was carried out. The population of this study included 1,304 elderly persons (≥60 years), of both genders, selected by probabilistic stratified sampling, interviewed in 2010. Food intake data were obtained through a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined by exploratory factorial analysis by principal components. The Wald test was used for complex sampling. Results: four dietary patterns were identified: inadequate patterns, consisting of fried and canned food, sausages, sweets, tubers, industrialized sauces and eggs; modified pattern, skimmed milk, whole grain breads and cereals, light/diet/zero foods; beneficial pattern, fruits, vegetables and tubers; and traditional Brazilian pattern, vegetable oils, rice, refined cereals and white bread, meats and legumes (beans). The sociodemographic and lifestyle profile of the elderly persons who adopted each dietary pattern was different. Conclusion: healthier dietary patterns were associated with the female gender, older elderly persons, two or more chronic diseases, higher levels of schooling, a better lifestyle and a better self-perception of health. It is important to consider all these aspects as they are determinant in the type of diet adopted by this population.

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Paredes, Helen, Reinaldo Souza-Santos, Ana Paula da Costa Resendes, Marco Antônio Andrade de Souza, Jones Albuquerque, Silvana Bocanegra, Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes, and Constança Simões Barbosa. "Spatial pattern, water use and risk levels associated with the transmission of schistosomiasis on the north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 26, no. 5 (May 2010): 1013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2010000500023.

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This study aimed to describe epidemiological aspects of schistosomiasis in Carne de Vaca, Goiana, on the coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil and analyze the spatial distribution of households' sanitary conditions and patterns of water contact. A parasitological survey was conducted between 2006 and 2007. An indicator was set to establish risk levels for schistosomiasis based on variables of water contact pattern, household characteristics and proximity to the foci of vector snails. The prevalence was 18.71 in men and 15.96 in women. The age groups most affected were 20-29 years among men and 10-19 among women. The most common parasite load was 1-99 eggs per gram of feces. The prevalence was 17.3 cases per 100 inhabitants and its spatial distribution was not homogeneous. The Bayesian analysis proved unsatisfactory. It is concluded that schistosomiasis is endemic in Carne de Vaca and the risk indicator, based on geoprocessing, proved to be satisfactory, highlighting areas where the problem is more acute.

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Abnoos, Hamideh, Masoud Fereidoni, Naser Mahdavi-Shahri, Farhang Haddad, and Razieh Jalal. "Developmental study of mercury effects on the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0007.

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Abstract Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals such as mercury is one of the most important human problems. It might have severe teratogenic effects on embryonic development. Some pharmacological and physiological aspects of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are similar to humans. So the stages of egg to adult fruit fly, as a developmental model, were employed in the study. Wild adult insects were maintained in glass dishes containing standard medium at 25 °C in complete darkness. Five pairs of 3-day old flies were then transferred to standard culture dishes containing different concentrations of mercury ion. They were removed after 8 hours. We considered the following: The rate of larvae becoming pupae and pupae to adults; the time required for the development; the hatching rate in the second generation without mercury in the culture; the morphometric changes during development in both length and width of the eggs through two generations; larvae, pupae and adult thorax length and width. The results showed that mercury in culture (20-100 mg/l) increase the duration of larvae (p<0.01) and pupae (p<0.01) development, the rate of larvae becoming pupae (p<0.001); pupae maturation (p<0.05), the hatching rate (p<0.01), the length (p<0.05) and width of larvae (p<0.01) and pupae (p<0.001) and the length in the adult thorax (p<0.01) decreased significantly. There was no effect upon the size of eggs. There were also no larvae hatching in concentrations of 200 mg/l of mercury. Negative effects of mercury as a heavy metal are possibly due to the interference of this metal in cellular signaling pathways, such as: Notch signaling and protein synthesis during the period of development. Since it bonds chemically with the sulfur hydride groups of proteins, it causes damage to the cell membrane and decreases the amount of RNA. This is the cause of failure of many enzyme mechanisms.

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Özbek, Rabia, Natalie Wielsch, Heiko Vogel, Günter Lochnit, Frank Foerster, Andreas Vilcinskas, and Björn Marcus von Reumont. "Proteo-Transcriptomic Characterization of the Venom from the Endoparasitoid Wasp Pimpla turionellae with Aspects on Its Biology and Evolution." Toxins 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120721.

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Within mega-diverse Hymenoptera, non-aculeate parasitic wasps represent 75% of all hymenopteran species. Their ovipositor dual-functionally injects venom and employs eggs into (endoparasitoids) or onto (ectoparasitoids) diverse host species. Few endoparasitoid wasps such as Pimpla turionellae paralyze the host and suppress its immune responses, such as encapsulation and melanization, to guarantee their offspring’s survival. Here, the venom and its possible biology and function of P. turionellae are characterized in comparison to the few existing proteo-transcriptomic analyses on parasitoid wasp venoms. Multiple transcriptome assembly and custom-tailored search and annotation strategies were applied to identify parasitoid venom proteins. To avoid false-positive hits, only transcripts were finally discussed that survived strict filter settings, including the presence in the proteome and higher expression in the venom gland. P. turionella features a venom that is mostly composed of known, typical parasitoid enzymes, cysteine-rich peptides, and other proteins and peptides. Several venom proteins were identified and named, such as pimplin2, 3, and 4. However, the specification of many novel candidates remains difficult, and annotations ambiguous. Interestingly, we do not find pimplin, a paralytic factor in Pimpla hypochondriaca, but instead a new cysteine inhibitor knot (ICK) family (pimplin2), which is highly similar to known, neurotoxic asilid1 sequences from robber flies.

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Metwally, Ammal M., Marwa El-Sonbaty, Lobna A. El Etreby, Ebtissam M. Salah El-Din, Nabih Abdel Hamid, Hanan A. Hussien, Amal Hassanin, and Zeinab M. Monir. "Stunting and its Determinants among Governmental Primary School Children in Egypt: A School-based Cross-sectional Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (September 15, 2020): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4757.

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BACKGROUND: In developing countries, stunting among children is a major public health concern. It affects all aspects of children’s lives; its effects are not constrained to physical wellbeing but reach out to mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing. AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of stunting in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children and its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric data, as well as dietary pattern, were collected. RESULTS: Out of 1740 children, 7.8% were stunted. Not eating eggs and dairy products had the most profound effect on stunting in children (p < 0.001). Not having meals on time, skipping breakfast, and having <3 meals per day were predictors of stunting (p = 0.003, p = 0.00, and p = 0.008, respectively). Mother’s education (p = 0.005) followed by family income (p = 0.007) was the most affecting social factors. CONCLUSION: There are many nutritional factors associated with stunting as skipping breakfast, not having meals on time, and having <3 meals per day. Scarcity in nutritive foods as eggs and dairy products and increased soft drink intake can lead to stunting. There are many enabling social factors for stunting as mother’s education and family income. However, the effects of these factors can be modified by health awareness.

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Kavtarashvili, Alexey, and Viktor Buyarov. "The reasons for the deterioration of chicken eggshell quality at high temperatures: a review." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701015.

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In hot-climate regions high ambient temperature is one of the main problems of poultry farming. It is a reason for large financial losses caused by a significant decrease in the livability and productivity of poultry and the quality of products. Poor shell quality results in increased egg breakage and cracking. Such eggs lose the abilities for long-term storage or incubation and their market price is become significantly (1.5-3-fold) reduced. In the review presented the biological role of the eggshell, certain aspects of its formation, and the main reasons for the deterioration of eggshell quality in high ambient temperatures are discussed. It was shown that the eggshell quality depends on the genotype, age, feeding, health status, management conditions, etc. High ambient temperatures (above 32-35 °C) disrupt the process of eggshell formation and leads to a significant decrease in its weight, thickness, and strength. The negative impact of high ambient temperature on eggshell quality is associated with a complex set of problems, including low feed intake by hens, acid-base and mineral imbalances, physiological disorders in the endocrine system and other organs and mechanisms involved in the process of eggshell formation. The understanding of these reasons gives an opportunity for the development and implementation of targeted interventions and enables the minimization of negative impact of heat stress on eggshell quality and the efficiency of the commercial egg production.

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Walker, Ruth B., Jennifer A. Conn, Michael J. Davies, and Vivienne M. Moore. "Mothers' views on feeding infants around the time of weaning." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 6 (September 2006): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005915.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe women's views about aspects of infants' diets around the time of weaning, making comparisons with national guidelines.DesignA survey of women with a 9-month-old child.SettingAdelaide, South Australia.SubjectsFive hundred and five women who joined a longitudinal study during pregnancy.ResultsSources of information varied, with written material most commonly used (37%). Cows' milk was considered suitable as the main drink for weaned infants by 14% of women. There were divergent views about the suitability of eggs, with many women concerned about allergy. The majority of women (84%) viewed fruit juice as suitable although many qualified their response, often by stating that fruit juice should be diluted. Almost all women considered the amount of sugar mattered, primarily because of tooth decay, and that salt mattered although the reason was often uncertain. It was widely believed (77%) that additives in food could cause health problems, in particular hyperactivity and allergies, and half of the women reported avoiding specific foods because of concerns about allergies. Many women thought that giving their child food that was high in fat would encourage a liking for ‘junk’ food or lead to fatness in adulthood.ConclusionsThere is considerable diversity in the views women express about aspects of infant feeding that have been the subject of guidelines. Further health promotion efforts are needed to achieve greater consistency with recommendations and to address other concerns women have. This will entail greater engagement with parents and shared development of responses.

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Jung, Lisa, Christine Brenninkmeyer, Knut Niebuhr, Monique Bestman, Frank A. M. Tuyttens, Stefan Gunnarsson, Jan Tind Sørensen, Paolo Ferrari, and Ute Knierim. "Husbandry Conditions and Welfare Outcomes in Organic Egg Production in Eight European Countries." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112102.

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In the European research project HealthyHens, welfare indicators as well as husbandry and management conditions were recorded in 107 organic laying hen farms in eight countries. Farms were visited at peak and end of lay. Egg production was on average comparable to breeder specifications. A mean mortality of 5.7% and mean prevalences of footpad lesions of 30.5%, keel bone damage of 44.5%, 57.3% of flocks with on average >200 Ascarid eggs per gram faeces and 28.2% of flocks with >100 mites/trap were recorded. A large variation between flocks indicated options for improvement. Based on the results, the following measures can be recommended: (i) decreasing mite and worm infestation and (ii) providing an attractive covered veranda, because of their association with decreased mortality; (iii) maximising access to the free range, because of its relation to decreased A. galli infection and less injurious pecking; (iv) feeding sufficient protein levels and (v) providing adequate litter as preventive measure against feather pecking and cannibalism; (vi) ensuring that the birds have sufficient weight and (vii) preventing accidents by adequate hen house facilities and light conditions to reduce keel bone damage. These primarily management-based measures have the potential to improve bird welfare both in terms of behavioural and health aspects.

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Botkin, Jeffrey R. "Ethical Issues and Practical Problems in Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 26, no. 1 (1998): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01902.x.

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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a new method of prenatal diagnosis that is developing from a union of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology and molecular biology. Briefly stated, PGD involves the creation of several embryos in vitro from the eggs and sperm of an interested couple. The embryos are permitted to develop to a 6-to-10-cell stage, at which point one of the embryonic cells is removed from each embryo and the cellular DNA is analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic mutations. An embryo or several embryos found to be free of genetic abnormalities are subsequently transferred to the woman's uterus for gestation. Embryos found to carry a genetic abnormality are discarded or frozen. Extra normal embryos may be frozen for future transfer or donation to another couple.

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Buja, Alessandra, Marco Pierbon, Laura Lago, Giulia Grotto, and Vincenzo Baldo. "Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134731.

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Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people’s lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.

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Peris, Miguel, Susana Rubio-Arraez, María Luisa Castelló, and María Dolores Ortolá. "From the Laboratory to the Kitchen: New Alternatives to Healthier Bakery Products." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120660.

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Due to the growing interest in improving the nutritional profile of bakery products, we have dealt with the most recent and relevant contributions regarding potential replacements for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Focusing on the influence of carbohydrates on metabolism, their excess implies obesity, diabetes and tooth decay. However, they are technologically important, since they are responsible for the structure of many bakery products. Regarding of the lipid profile, saturated fats have a great impact on the appearance of cardiovascular disease. Fortunately, nature and the food industry offer alternatives to traditional oils/butters with large amounts of omega 3 and other components that can mitigate these problems. Other relevant aspects are related to allergies concerning egg proteins, gluten or even requirements for vegan consumers. Several studies have been performed in this line, replacing eggs with milk serum, different mucilages obtained from legumes or some gums, etc. In conclusion, many papers have been published showing the possibility of successfully replacing (both at technological and sensory levels) less healthy ingredients with others that are nutritionally better. The challenge now is to combine these better components in a given product, as well as to evaluate possible interactions among them.

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Butler, Gillian. "Manipulating dietary PUFA in animal feed: implications for human health." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 73, no. 1 (December 5, 2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665113003790.

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Milk, meat and eggs tend not to be regarded as an important source of PUFA. They are disproportionally high in SFA compared with their PUFA content, especially those from cattle and sheep, since their rumen microbes are responsible for the loss of over 90 % of PUFA intake by livestock. This need not necessarily be the case since the relative proportion of PUFA in these foods is dictated by livestock management, especially feeding, and this can be manipulated to boost their content of crucial long-chain n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic fatty acids. The present paper considers the fatty acid composition in animal-derived foods and how these can be manipulated to be more conducive for consumers’ health. The importance of recognising the effect of livestock production systems on fat composition is also highlighted along with the fact that we may have to compromise between intensive, high levels of production and this particular aspect of food quality.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Health aspects of Eggs'

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