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Fundter, Dick Q. P., Bas Jonkman, Steve Beerman, Corsmas L. P. M. Goemans, Rosanna Briggs, Frits Coumans, Jan Willem Lahaye, and Joost Bierens. "Health Impacts of Large-Scale Floods: Governmental Decision-Making and Resilience of the Citizens." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S2 (August 2008): s70—s73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021282.
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AbstractDuring the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine in Amsterdam, May 2007 (15WCDEM), a targeted agenda program (TAP) about the public health aspects of large-scale floods was organized. The main goal of the TAP was the establishment of an overview of issues that would help governmental decision-makers to develop policies to increase the resilience of the citizens during floods. During the meetings, it became clear that citizens have a natural resistance to evacuations. This results in death due to drowning and injuries. Recently, communication and education programs have been developed that may increase awareness that timely evacuation is important and can be life-saving. After a flood, health problems persist over prolonged periods, including increased death rates during the first year after a flood and a higher incidence of chronic illnesses that last for decades after the flood recedes. Population-based resilience (bottom-up) and governmental responsibility (top-down) must be combined to prepare regions for the health impact of evacuations and floods. More research data are needed to become better informed about the health impact and consequences of translocation of health infrastructures after evacuations. A better understanding of the consequences of floods will support governmental decision-making to mitigate the health impact. A top-10 priority action list was formulated.
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Gueri, Miguel. "Public Health Aspects of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030326.
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It has been said that never are two disasters alike. Indeed the effects of floods on health are considerably different from the effects of earthquakes. But even two earthquakes may bring different results depending on a number of circumstances, which basically involve the characteristics of the event itself (e.g., magnitude, depth of the hypocenter, distance from the epicenter, etc.), of the striken population (its “disaster culture,” knowledge of disasters and preparedness, level of immunity against certain diseases, endemicity, etc.) and the physical and sociological environment (e.g., type of housing, high mountains vs. pantanous jungles, etc.). However, we are getting to know more and more about disasters and about populations at risk to be able to anticipate some of the effects the disaster may have on the health of the community, as long as we keep in mind the three factors mentioned above.
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Nowak Da Costa, Joanna, Beata Calka, and Elzbieta Bielecka. "Urban Population Flood Impact Applied to a Warsaw Scenario." Resources 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10060062.
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The provision of detailed information on the impact of potential fluvial floods on urban population health, quantifying the impact magnitude and supplying the location of areas of the highest risk to human health, is an important step towards (a) improvement of sustainable measures to minimise the impact of floods, e.g., by including flood risk as a design parameter for urban planning, and (b) increase public awareness of flood risks. The three new measures of the impact of floods on the urban population have been proposed, considering both deterministic and stochastic aspects. The impact was determined in relation to the building’s function, the number of residents, the probability of flood occurrence and the likely floodwater inundation level. The building capacity concept was introduced to model population data at the building level. Its proposed estimation method, an offshoot of the volumetric method, has proved to be successful in the challenging study area, characterised by a high diversity of buildings in terms of their function, size and density. The results show that 2.35% of buildings and over 122,000 people may be affected by 500-year flooding. However, the foreseen magnitude of flood impact on human health is moderate, i.e., on average ten persons per residential building over the 80% of flood risk zones. Such results are attributed to the low inundation depth, i.e., below 1 m.
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McCall, Brad. "Public health aspects of the Queensland floods Dec 2010–Jan 2011." Pathology 44 (2012): S45—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32706-4.
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Perwiraningrum, Dhyani Ayu, Rahmat Hidayat, and Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi. "Community needs analysis on community preparedness related to health aspect in facing flash floods disaster in afdeling Gunung Pasar Jember." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 32, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.7600.
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Community preparedness of Afdeling Gunung Pasang to face flash flood disasterPurposeThis research aimed to determine community needs to develop community preparedness on health aspect by needs awareness surveys to prevent flash flood disaster in Afdeling Gunung Pasang, Suci village, Panti district, in Jember.MethodsThis research was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The main informants were community members of Afdeling Gunung Pasang, and supporting informants were leaders of the community, heads of village offices, community stakeholders (local plantation industry) and disaster management stakeholders from the local government institution in Jember. Data were collected by focus group discussions, in depth interviews, and observation. Data validation used triangulation methods. ResultsMany kinds of needs awareness were found in the community, to develop community preparedness in health aspects. The community needs stimulus to prepare for disasters, such as training emergency response, fulfillment tools, disaster information, and coordination with stakeholders.ConclusionThe community needs to prepare health aspects in the event of disasters and observe dangerous zones in Afdeling Gunung Pasang.
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Petterson, Michael, Lanka Nanayakkara, Norgay Konchok, Rebecca Norman, Sonam Wangchuk, and Malin Linderoth. "Interconnected geoscience applied to disaster and risk: case study from SECMOL, Ladakh, N. India." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-08-2019-0248.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of “Interconnected Geoscience” to a disaster and risk reduction (DRR) case study at SECMOL College, near Leh, Ladakh, N. India. Interconnected geoscience is a model that advocates holistic approaches to geoscience for development. This paper reports research/practical work with Ladakhi students/staff, undertaking community-oriented DRR exercises in hazard awareness, DRR themed village/college mapping, vulnerability assessments and DRR management scenario development. The geoscientific hazard analysis work is published within a separate sister paper, with results feeding into this work. This work addresses aspects of, and contributes to, the DRR research(science)-policy-interface conversation. Design/methodology/approach Interconnected geoscience methodologies for DRR here are: the application of geoscience for hazard causality, spatial distribution, frequency and impact assessment, for earthquakes, floods and landslides, within the SECMOL area; the generation of community-developed DRR products and services of use to a range of end-users; the development of a contextual geoscience approach, informed by social-developmental-issues; and the active participation of SECMOL students/teachers and consequent integration of local world-views and wisdom within DRR research. Initial DRR awareness levels of students were assessed with respect to earthquakes/floods/landslides/droughts. Following hazard teaching sessions, students engaged in a range of DRR exercises, and produced DRR themed maps, data, tables and documented conversations of relevance to DRR management. Findings Students levels of hazard awareness were variable, generally low for low-frequency hazards (e.g. earthquakes) and higher for hazards such as floods/landslides which either are within recent memory, or have higher frequencies. The 2010 Ladakhi flood disaster has elevated aspects of flood-hazard knowledge. Landslides and drought hazards were moderately well understood. Spatial awareness was identified as a strength. The application of an interconnected geoscience approach immersed within a student+staff college community, proved to be effective, and can rapidly assess/build upon awareness levels and develop analytical tools for the further understanding of DRR management. This approach can assist Ladakhi regional DRR management in increasing the use of regional capability/resources, and reducing the need for external inputs. Practical implications A series of recommendations for the DRR geoscience/research-policy-practice area include: adopting an “interconnected geoscience” approach to DRR research, involving scientific inputs to DRR; using and developing local capability and resources for Ladakhi DRR policy and practice; using/further-developing DRR exercises presented in this paper, to integrate science with communities, and further-empower communities; taking account of the findings that hazard awareness is variable, and weak, for potentially catastrophic hazards, such as earthquakes, when designing policy and practice for raising DRR community awareness; ensuring that local values/world views/wisdom inform all DRR research, and encouraging external “experts” to carefully consider these aspects within Ladakh-based DRR work; and further-developing DRR networks across Ladakh that include pockets of expertise such as SECMOL. Originality/value The term “interconnected geoscience” is highly novel, further developing thinking within the research/science-policy-practice interface. This is the first time an exercise such as this has been undertaken in the Ladakh Himalaya.
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Assmuth, Timo, Tanja Dubrovin, and Jari Lyytimäki. "Human health in systemic adaptation to climate change: insights from flood risk management in a river basin." Environment Systems and Decisions 40, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-019-09751-1.
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AbstractHuman health risks in dealing with floods in a river basin in South-Western Finland are analysed as an example of scientific and practical challenges in systemic adaptation to climate change and in integrated governance of water resources. The analysis is based on case reports and plans, on literature studies and on conceptual models of risks and risk management. Flood risks in the Northern European study area are aggravated by melt- and storm-water runoff, ice jams and coastal flooding. Flood risk assessment is linked with management plans based on EU directives as applied in the case area. National risk management policies and procedures of increasing scope and depth have been devised for climate change, water resources and overall safety, but an integrated approach to health risks is still largely missing. The same is true of surveys of perceived flood risks, and participatory deliberation and collaborative planning procedures for flood risk management in the case area, specifically for adaptive lake regulation. Health impacts, risks and benefits, socio-economic and systemic risks, and over-arching prevention, adaptation and compensation measures are not fully included. We propose a systematic framework for these extensions. Particular attention needs to be given to health risks due to flooding, e.g. from water contamination, moist buildings, mental stress and infrastructure damage and also from management actions. Uncertainties and ambiguities about risks present continuing challenges. It is concluded that health aspects of flooding are complex and need to be better included in assessment and control, to develop more integrated and adaptive systemic risk governance.
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Morena, Yenita, Suprasman, Gussyafri, and Ewis Oktareza. "The analysis of health aspects in housing type 45, Panorama Indah residence, Pekanbaru." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 06032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927606032.
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Healthy housing is one of the needs that must be completed in order to support the householders to obtain an optimal degree of welfare for their living. The aim of this research is to determine how far the housing type 45, Panorama Indah Residence, Pekanbaru, qualified as a healthy house according to the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Department of Public Works of 1986. The criteria of a healthy house are divided into four (4) aspects, namely: amenities, health, building intensity, and affordability. The parameters of a healthy house, particularly health aspects, include adequacy of lighting, ventilation, and the supply of clean and drinking water; the disposal of household waste water, rain drainage, and household waste; also all parts of the house, including floors and walls, must not be humid, and be unaffected by pollution from dirty water and air. This research used synchronising the regulations method with the real condition by conducting a direct field survey and was analysed by design document. The results of this research indicated that the housing type 45 has not met all the demands of a healthy house requirement, particularly the health aspect. This included the lighting, lack of ventilation and unavailable trash cans in the area of the housing.
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Priambodo, Sebastianus, Suhardjono, Lily Montarcih, and Ery Suhartanto. "Hourly rainfall distribution patterns in Java island." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927604012.
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Nowadays, water resources management development not only sees from the side of excess or lack of water in quantity, but already includes aspects of quality, health, aesthetics, comfort and environmental sustainability. The problems faced by urban areas are the disruption of activities due to flood events. The opportunities for flooding depend on climate and global weather behaviour. The magnitude of the flood depends on the rain with certain characteristic that is generally seen from the intensity and duration of rain events. While the magnitude of losses due to floods depends on the magnitude of the flood and the level of economic development of the region concerned. This paper discusses the importance of understanding the short duration of rain characteristics as well as its response to flood discharge plans in both micro and macro-depleting systems in urban areas. With this understanding, it is expected that handling actions at various levels of the disaster cycle can be well anticipated so that the negative impacts that may arise can be minimized. Characteristic analysis of short duration rainfall is done by looking at the pattern of hourly rainfall distribution occurring in several rainfall observation stations in Java Island. The Mononobe equation is used to see the level of compatibility of the rainfall distribution pattern with RMSE, NMSE and MAE score indicators. The analysis results show the reliability level of Mononobe equation for the hydrology analysis in the location which has no short duration rainfall data.
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Petterson, Michael, Sonam Wangchuk, and Norgay Konchok. "A multiple natural hazard analysis, SECMOL College region, near Leh, Ladakh, North India, with applications for community-based DRR." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 3 (November 19, 2019): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2019-0064.
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Purpose This paper places a college at the centreof a multi-hazard assessment (earthquake, flood and landslide). The college is within a less studied, rural area of Ladakh, North India. Research focusses on a case study (Students Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh (SECMOL) College), close to Leh, Ladakh, and extends to incorporate/apply thinking from/to the wider Ladakh region. The approach adopted, centring on the hazard assessment of a single entity/local area, allows a rapid uptake of hazard recommendations within a college environment planning to continue its existence for decades ahead. A sister paper (Petterson et al., 2019) documents the active involvement of college staff and students in the principles of geohazard assessment and the development of student-centric hazard assessments of the college and their home village. SECMOL is a self-sufficient, alternative, college, organised along strong environmentally sustainable principles. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This work has adopted different strategies for different hazards. Fieldwork involved the collection of quantitative and qualitative data (e.g. shape and size of valleys/river channels/valley sides, estimation of vegetation density, measurement of sediment clasts, angle of slopes, assessment of sediment character, stratigraphy of floodplains and identification of vulnerable elements). These data were combined with satellite image analysis to: define river catchment character and flood vulnerability (e.g. using the methodology of Collier and Fox, 2003), examine catchment connectivity, and examine landslip scars and generic terrain analysis. Literature studies and seismic database interrogation allowed the calculation of potential catchment floodwater volumes, and the collation of epicentre, magnitude, depth and date of seismic events, together with recent thinking on the return period of large Himalayan earthquakes. These data were used to develop geological-seismic and river catchment maps, the identification of vulnerable elements, and disaster scenario analyses. Findings This research concludes that SECMOL, and much of the Ladakh region, is exposed to significant seismic, flood and landslide hazard risk. High magnitude earthquakes have return periods of 100s to c. 1,000 years in the Himalayas and can produce intense levels of damage. It is prudent to maximise earthquake engineering wherever possible. The 2010 Leh floods demonstrated high levels of devastation: these floods could severely damage the SECMOL campus if storms were centred close by. This study reveals the connectivity of catchments at varying altitudes and the potential interactions of adjacent catchments. Evacuation plans need to be developed for the college. Northern ridges at SECMOL could bury parts of the campus if mobilised by earthquakes/rainfall. Slope angles can be lowered and large boulders moved to reduce risk. This work reinforces recommendations that relate to building quality and urban/rural planning, e.g. using spatial planning to keep people away from high-risk zones. Practical implications The frequency of hazards is low, but potential impacts high to very high. Hazard mitigation actions include engineering options for hazardous slopes, buildings to be earthquake-proofed, and evacuation management for large floods. Originality/value Methodologies undertaken in this research are well-tested. Linkages between disciplines are ambitious and somewhat original. The application of this work to a specific college centre site with the capacity to rapidly take up recommendations is novel. The identification of catchment inter-connectivity in this part of Ladakh is novel. This work complements a sister paper (Petterson et al., 2019) for community aspects of this study, adding to the novelty value.
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Kundzewicz, Z. W., and P. Matczak. "Hydrological extremes and security." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 366 (April 10, 2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-366-44-2015.
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Abstract. Economic losses caused by hydrological extremes – floods and droughts – have been on the rise. Hydrological extremes jeopardize human security and impact on societal livelihood and welfare. Security can be generally understood as freedom from threat and the ability of societies to maintain their independent identity and their functional integrity against forces of change. Several dimensions of security are reviewed in the context of hydrological extremes. The traditional interpretation of security, focused on the state military capabilities, has been replaced by a wider understanding, including economic, societal and environmental aspects that get increasing attention. Floods and droughts pose a burden and serious challenges to the state that is responsible for sustaining economic development, and societal and environmental security. The latter can be regarded as the maintenance of ecosystem services, on which a society depends. An important part of it is water security, which can be defined as the availability of an adequate quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks to people, environments and economies. Security concerns arise because, over large areas, hydrological extremes − floods and droughts − are becoming more frequent and more severe. In terms of dealing with water-related risks, climate change can increase uncertainties, which makes the state’s task to deliver security more difficult and more expensive. However, changes in population size and development, and level of protection, drive exposure to hydrological hazards.
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Amorim, Jorge H., Magnuz Engardt, Christer Johansson, Isabel Ribeiro, and Magnus Sannebro. "Regulating and Cultural Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Infrastructure in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031219.
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In the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden), the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) has been traditionally targeted at reducing flood risk. However, other Ecosystem Services (ES) became increasingly relevant in response to the challenges of urbanization and climate change. In total, 90 scientific articles addressing ES considered crucial contributions to the quality of life in cities are reviewed. These are classified as (1) regulating ES that minimize hazards such as heat, floods, air pollution and noise, and (2) cultural ES that promote well-being and health. We conclude that the planning and design of UGI should balance both the provision of ES and their side effects and disservices, aspects that seem to have been only marginally investigated. Climate-sensitive planning practices are critical to guarantee that seasonal climate variability is accounted for at high-latitude regions. Nevertheless, diverging and seemingly inconsistent findings, together with gaps in the understanding of long-term effects, create obstacles for practitioners. Additionally, the limited involvement of end users points to a need of better engagement and communication, which in overall call for more collaborative research. Close relationships and interactions among different ES provided by urban greenery were found, yet few studies attempted an integrated evaluation. We argue that promoting interdisciplinary studies is fundamental to attain a holistic understanding of how plant traits affect the resulting ES; of the synergies between biophysical, physiological and psychological processes; and of the potential disservices of UGI, specifically in Nordic cities.
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Bierens, Joost J. L. M., Brigitte Nooij, and Ferd Sturmans. "Targeted Agenda Program: An Innovative Approach to Facilitate Progress in Disaster Health." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S2 (August 2008): s43—s47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021233.
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AbstractThe Targeted Agenda Program (TAP) has been introduced for the first time during the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine (15WCDEM) in Amsterdam in 2007 to stimulate interaction between the participants before, during and after the congress. A TAP process consists of 11 steps, starting with defining a relevant issue and ending with the publication of a TAP report based on expert opinions. Seven TAP groups participated during the 15WCDEM. The TAP issues referred to: (1) the need for health impact assessment of disasters; (2) the golden standard for preparedness for a chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear disasters; (3) the role of acute psychosocial first aid; (4) the 10 most important issues for policy makers to minimize health effects of floods; (5) the search for a golden standard in the treatment of wounded combatants; (6) the preparedness of health organizations for consequences of extreme weather conditions; and (7) the health problems of high-vulnerability groups during disasters. This article describes the motivation and operational aspects of the TAP and advocates that this concept can play an important facilitating role in focus, networking and enhancement of knowledge in the field of disaster health.
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Hettiarachchi, Missaka, Kusum Athukorale, Suren Wijekoon, and Ajith de Alwis. "Urban wetlands and disaster resilience of Colombo, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 5, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2011-0042.
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Purpose – This paper aims to present a long-term research project to understand the nature and extent of degradation in a selected segment of the Colombo Flood Detention Area (CFDA) wetlands. It qualitatively explores the gradual process of change in watersheds and the wetland ecology affecting flood control services, thereby leading to full-blown disasters. It underlines the importance of protecting ecosystem health of urban ecological features for strengthening the disaster resilience of cities. Design/methodology/approach – Through analyzing the long-term change of landscape level parameters, water-quality, vegetation and soil quality, the authors emphasize the potential of an outright ecological regime change and the effects on ecosystem services of the wetlands. Findings – Colombo is a city surrounded by a large and interconnected system of natural wetlands that provides a valuable flood control service. The rapid and partly ad hoc urbanization in the past 15-25 years has caused a steady degradation in the wetlands that severely threatens the ecosystem services. It was found that the native, grass-dominated marshy habitat of the wetland is rapidly transforming into a habitat with shrubs and small trees (44 percent of the extent). Typical peaty soil in the marsh has also changed into a semi-mineral soil. Both changes result in a significant reduction in water-holding capacity of the wetland, thus increasing the flood frequency. Practical implications – These ecological changes have undermined the effectiveness of the repeated cost-intensive engineering measures taken by the authorities to contain floods. Originality/value – CFDA had not been studied previously in an ecosystem services and disaster resilience perspectives. The ecological and hydrological aspects have been studied separately without integration.
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Kaira, Alla Nikolaevna, Vyacheslav Fedorovich Lavrov, and Oksana Anatolievna Svitich. "Modern aspects of epidemiology and prevention of typhoid infection (review)." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2104-02.
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Typhoid fever is still an urgent infection, especially in countries where the majority of the population lives below the poverty line, with limited resources, and without the ability to comply with basic hygiene rules. About 11 million cases of typhoid fever are registered worldwide every year, and about 400 people die from this infection every day. The global development of international relations activates migration processes, tourism, and provides rapid movement of significant masses of people around the world, which makes the risk of widespread typhoid infection quite real. In recent years, due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi, treatment of typhoid fever has become less effective. Natural disasters in the form of earthquakes and floods, man-made disasters, as well as military conflicts that occur in different parts of the world, are fertile «soil» for the emergence and spread of typhoid infection, which actualizes the implementation of appropriate prevention measures, including immunoprophylaxis of the disease. Despite the obvious success in the fight against typhoid fever, which consists in a significant reduction in cases of typhoid infection in the world, this dangerous infectious disease still remains an urgent problem, both for health authorities and the population of many countries. Children and young people are still ill, and there is a real risk of infection spreading to any country. Natural disasters pose a real threat of typhoid outbreaks and epidemics. Mass appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi significantly complicates the treatment of patients, dictates the need for constant monitoring of the pathogen’s resistance to antibiotics and the introduction of typhoid immunoprophylaxis for epidemic indications among professional risk groups, labor migrants, and tourists traveling to countries with typhoid-affected countries. There is also a need for reliable epidemiological surveillance of this infection, carried out on an ongoing basis.
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Young, G., S. Demuth, A. Mishra, and C. Cudennec. "Hydrological sciences and water security: An overview." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 366 (April 10, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-366-1-2015.
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Abstract. This paper provides an introduction to the concepts of water security including not only the risks to human wellbeing posed by floods and droughts, but also the threats of inadequate supply of water in both quantity and quality for food production, human health, energy and industrial production, and for the natural ecosystems on which life depends. The overall setting is one of constant change in all aspects of Earth systems. Hydrological systems (processes and regimes) are changing, resulting from varying and changing precipitation and energy inputs, changes in surface covers, mining of groundwater resources, and storage and diversions by dams and infrastructures. Changes in social, political and economic conditions include population and demographic shifts, political realignments, changes in financial systems and in trade patterns. There is an urgent need to address hydrological and social changes simultaneously and in combination rather than as separate entities, and thus the need to develop the approach of ‘socio-hydrology’. All aspects of water security, including the responses of both UNESCO and the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) to the concepts of socio-hydrology, are examined in detailed papers within the volume titled Hydrological Sciences and Water Security: Past, Present and Future.
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Timbury, M. C., J. R. Donaldson, A. C. McCartney, R. J. Fallon, J. D. Sleigh, D. Lyon, G. V. Orange, D. R. Baird, J. Winter, and T. S. Wilson. "Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Glasgow Royal Infirmary: microbiological aspects." Journal of Hygiene 97, no. 3 (December 1986): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400063580.
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SUMMARYThe bacteriological investigation of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Glasgow Royal Infirmary affecting 16 patients is described. Most of the patients had been treated in high-dependency areas on two floors of the hospital supplied by the same two air-conditioned ventilation systems. The source of infection was traced to contamination of a cooling tower from which a plume of spray discharged into the intake vents of the two ventilation systems. Rubber grommets within the cooling tower probably provided a nidus of infection there. The control and management of the outbreak are discussed: a policy of frankness about the course and progress of the investigations was adopted and helped to allay anxiety on the part of both staff and media.
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Gostin, Lawrence O. "Pandemic Influenza: Public Health Preparedness for the Next Global Health Emergency." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 4 (2004): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb01962.x.
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The threat posed by avian influenza appears to be rising, yet global and national health programs are preparing only fitfully. A lethal form of avian flu has rooted itself deeply into the poultry flocks of poor Asian countries that will have a hard time eradicating it. Every so often a sick bird infects a human, who usually dies from the encounter, and on rare occasions the virus seems to have spread from one person to another before the chain of infection dies out. All it would take to set off a raging global pandemic would be for the virus to mutate into a form that is readily transmissible among humans.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) garnered a great deal of public attention because it was novel and its potential for spread was unknown. However, the SARS corona virus is significantly less virulent than pandemic influenza viral infections.
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Thomas, Sabrina, and Kacy Lovelace. "Combining efforts: Libraries as mental health safe spaces." College & Research Libraries News 80, no. 10 (November 5, 2019): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.80.10.546.
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In the face of seemingly insurmountable, persisting problems, what is one thing that you could do to lift that burden in your own space, in your own building, or on your own walls?This defining question led to the creation of Marshall University (MU) Libraries Mental Health Initiative. The initiative began with an art exhibition titled: “Don’t Call Me Crazy: Resiliency through Art.” The goal of this exhibition was to encourage students, faculty, and staff to create artwork informed by mental health or to help process their own mental health. With more than 30 artists and 50 pieces filling the four floors of the library, we used this artwork to launch other aspects of the initiative.
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Göransson, Lina, Jenny Yngvesson, and Stefan Gunnarsson. "Bird Health, Housing and Management Routines on Swedish Organic Broiler Chicken Farms." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112098.
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Slower-growing broilers on organic farms have replaced fast-growing hybrids to increase bird welfare. Due to limited knowledge of broiler welfare and management on organic farms in Sweden, the study aim was to gather information regarding health, housing and management routines, in order to describe the current situation on these. Farm visits performed in 2018 included 8 out of 12 established organic farms, on which either Rowan Ranger or HubbardJA57/HubbardJA87 were reared. Chickens in the observed flocks were 55 ± 6 (44–62) days of age. Observations included farmer interviews, indoor environment assessments, clinical examinations and gait scoring. Clinical examinations revealed no severe remarks, however minor to moderate plumage dirtiness, food pad dermatitis and hock burns were found in 47%, 21% and 13% of the birds, respectively. Although no severe walking impairments were observed, minor to moderate gait abnormalities were seen in two-thirds of the birds. Gait in birds assessed outdoors was significantly better than in birds observed indoors. Body weight uniformity was low in all flocks. This study provides increased knowledge of certain chicken health and welfare aspects, housing and management on Swedish organic farms. Future research should further investigate important aspects related to bird welfare, such as the high mortality rates observed.
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Will, Meike, Jürgen Groeneveld, Karin Frank, and Birgit Müller. "Informal risk-sharing between smallholders may be threatened by formal insurance: Lessons from a stylized agent-based model." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): e0248757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248757.
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Microinsurance is promoted as a valuable instrument for low-income households to buffer financial losses due to health or climate-related risks. However, apart from direct positive effects, such formal insurance schemes can have unintended side effects when insured households lower their contribution to traditional informal arrangements where risk is shared through private monetary support. Using a stylized agent-based model, we assess impacts of microinsurance on the resilience of those smallholders in a social network who cannot afford this financial instrument. We explicitly include the decision behavior regarding informal transfers. We find that the introduction of formal insurance can have negative side effects even if insured households are willing to contribute to informal risk arrangements. However, when many households are simultaneously affected by a shock, e.g. by droughts or floods, formal insurance is a valuable addition to informal risk-sharing. By explicitly taking into account long-term effects of short-term transfer decisions, our study allows to complement existing empirical research. The model results underline that new insurance programs have to be developed in close alignment with established risk-coping instruments. Only then can they be effective without weakening functioning aspects of informal risk management, which could lead to increased poverty.
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Gouveia, Aurora M. G., Marcos X. Silva, Julia M. S. Maia, Humberto M. Brandão, Núbia Seyffert, Anderson Miyoshi, Vasco Azevedo, and Alessandro S. Guimarães. "Technological level and epidemiological aspects of sheep husbandry in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 9 (September 2014): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000900010.
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Epidemiological and health aspects of sheep husbandry were assessed on 213 sheep flocks in 142 municipalities from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. An updated questionnaire was filled out for each flock, requesting data on the farm, the flock and the farmer by the veterinarians of the State Government Agency for Animal Health (Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária). Thirteen important variables were selected and scored to determine the technological level of the 117 farms; 0.9% of them was classified as high technological level, 45.3% as medium technological level and 53.0% as low technological level. Lamb production was the main objective of the farms and the main features were low-frequencies of individual identification of animals (16.9%), technical assistance (31.9%), use of quarantine for newly acquired animals (0.9%) the separation of animals by age group (3.7%) and requeste the sanitary certificate at purchasing of animals (11.7%). The main health problems reported were abortion (23.9%), keratoconjunctivitis (17.9%), contagious ecthyma (13.6%), pneumonia (10.3%), diarrhea (9.3%) and caseous lymphadenitis (6.1%). Information of the epidemiological situation and the mainly health measures used in the sheep farms are important to improve the productivity and quality of the lamb.
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Sarkar, S. K., A. Bhattacharya, and B. Bhattacharya. "The river Ganga of northern India: an appraisal of its geomorphic and ecological changes." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0432.
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The Ganga is the most important perennial river originating from Gangotri in the snow-bound Himalayas about 3,900 m above mean sea level. Gorging a distance of about 220 km in the Himalayas, it enters the plain at Hardwar and after meandering and braiding over a distance of about 2,525 km through the Indo-Gangetic plains, ultimately joins the Bay of Bengal. The course of this river has been changed due to: (i) subsurface geotectonic movement leading to change in slope of the deltaic plain and subsidence of the Bengal basin; (ii) changing pattern of water discharge with time; (iii) variations in sediment load. The environment of Ganga basin is also deteriorating with time due to severe natural episodes of periodic floods and storms as well as anthropogenic factors such as population growth, deforestation, agricultural activities, urbanisation, fertiliser and fossil fuel consumption and construction activities such as dams and bridges. All these have inconceivable adverse impacts on the health and natural regeneration capacity of the river basin. The presence of micropollutants in water and sediments of this river turns the system into being unsustainable to the biota. The present study synthesises the available information on the changes of its geological, geomorphological and ecological aspects and suggests some remedial measures to be adopted now and in future.
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Cong, Yali, Linying Hu, and James Dwyer. "Case Study: The VIP Floors." Hastings Center Report 35, no. 1 (January 2005): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3528211.
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de Jong, I. C., H. Gunnink, T. van Hattum, J. W. van Riel, M. M. P. Raaijmakers, E. S. Zoet, and H. van den Brand. "Comparison of performance, health and welfare aspects between commercially housed hatchery-hatched and on-farm hatched broiler flocks." Animal 13, no. 6 (2019): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731118002872.
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Geltner, G. "The Path to Pistoia: Urban Hygiene Before the Black Death*." Past & Present 246, no. 1 (October 3, 2019): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtz028.
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Abstract When the Black Death struck Western Europe in late 1347, city dwellers across the region were already practising public health, in part by building, maintaining and monitoring infrastructures whose prophylactic value emerged from the experience of intensified urbanization. The demands of a new urban metabolism, evident from the twelfth century, prompted numerous cities, including Pistoia, to develop preventative health programmes in anticipation of and in response to diverse threats. The latter certainly included famine, floods, pestilence and war, but Pistoians and others were no less concerned by routine matters such as burials, food quality, travel and work safety, artisanal pollution and domestic waste disposal. All of these were recognized as impacting people’s health, based on the medical and natural-philosophical theories prevalent at the time, and their management took into consideration not only climactic conditions and multi-species behaviour, but also the smooth functioning of sites such as wells, canals, bridges and roads. The political value that municipalities and other stakeholders began to place on the upkeep of these sites exceeded their economic function and thus questions the seminal role that scholars tend to attribute to the second plague pandemic in public health history. It also demonstrates how a key aspect of Euro-American modernity continues to shape interpretations of urban and health histories and suggests a broader path for historicizing community prophylactics.
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Partanen, Juha. "Merchant, priest and humble engineer: Observations from Rotterdam's drug scenes." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 15, no. 1_suppl (February 1998): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259801501s05.
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The object of the study is the drug scene and the administration of drug-related services in Rotterdam. The focus is on the relationship between drug users and the drug control system. The study draws upon observations and documents, and numerous interviews with civil servants, treatment staff, and drug users. The Dutch view on the nature of the problem and appropriate ways to treat drug users is different from what is common elsewhere. No legal sanctions relate to smoking of cannabis or to possession of small amounts, whereas large-scale trade, smuggling, and commercial cultivation are criminal activities. Neither is the use of hard drugs or possession for personal use criminalized. The core of the drug problem is seen to be on one hand the nuisance caused by those addicted hard drug users, and on the other hand the threat to the economy and politics of the country created by criminal drug organizations. In dealing with drug-related nuisance the aim is harm reduction. The central idea is the normalization of the drug problem. This means that efforts are made to keep drug users in contact with society, instead of pushing them outside by pursuing repressive policies. The threshold to health and social services and to treatment is kept as low as possible. At the same time addicts are held responsible for their behavior, and they are required to follow the regulations of the institutions providing support and treatment. Two remarkable aspects of the administration of drug-related affairs are a close co-operation between health authorities and the police, and an emphasis on Japanese-style neighborhood policing. The support and treatment services for drug users are run by private foundations that are fully financed by the government and the city. The extensive system of municipal services is supplemented by voluntary aid mainly provided by the churches and religious organizations. The Dutch way of dealing with the drug problem derives from the traditions of governance and political culture in Dutch society. These are crystallized in three character masks: those of the pragmatic and prudent merchant, more concerned with practical problems than lofty ideals, the charitable and paternalistic priest, and the humble engineer who in his age-long fight against floods has learned that nature can be controlled but never fully tamed.
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Souillard, Rozenn, Jean-Michel Répérant, Catherine Experton, Adeline Huneau-Salaun, Jenna Coton, Loïc Balaine, and Sophie Le Bouquin. "Husbandry Practices, Health, and Welfare Status of Organic Broilers in France." Animals 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030097.
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Organic poultry production has increased sharply with growing consumer demand in the context of sustainable development. A study was conducted in 85 organic broiler flocks between 2014 and 2015 to describe the husbandry practices and the health and welfare status of organic broilers in France, and to study farming diversity by comparing independent farms (Ind farms, n = 15) with direct sales to farms working with companies (Comp farms, n = 70). Each flock was visited at 3 and 11 weeks of age to collect data on farming conditions, health disorders, and mortality. Welfare notation of 30 broilers per flock and parasitic examination of 5 broilers per flock was also performed. Findings showed significantly different farming management between Ind farms and Comp farms, with smaller flocks on the Ind farms (476 broilers/house vs. 3062 broilers/house, p < 0.01) more frequently in mobile houses. The mean mortality rate was 2.8%, mainly involving digestive disorders. Helminths were detected in 58.8% of the flocks. On average, 21.9% and 5.8% of broilers in a flock had footpad dermatitis and dirty feathers, respectively. The health and welfare characteristics of organic broilers on Ind farms vs. Comp farms were not significantly different, except dirtier feathers and more footpad dermatitis on Ind farms (19.1% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.03 and 39.6% vs. 18.1%, p = 0.02, respectively), associated with poultry housing conditions in mobile houses (p < 0.01). This study provides greater insight into farming sustainability aspects related to the husbandry practices, and the health and welfare of organic broilers in France.
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Putro, Adhitio Ekatama, Gunawan Gunawan, and Ida Widihastuti. "Evaluasi Utilitas Bangunan Pada GKB UNISSULA." Elektrika 12, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v12i2.2321.
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<p><em> In the construction of multi-storey buildings, every aspect must be considered in accordance with the rules set out in the Act. Article 7 Paragraph 3 of Law 28/02 states that building construction must meet four aspects, namely safety, health, comfort, and convenience. To support the realization of these aspects, it is necessary to have a building utility. The Joint Lecture Building (GKB) of Sultan Agung Islamic University in Semarang, is a building that has 10 floors and is a busy building because it is used by several faculties, such as the PGSD Faculty, Language Faculty, Communication Faculty, and Nursing Faculty. In the operation of the GKB building, there are several complaints that occur in the GKB such as electricity that often goes out, some rooms have less lighting / dark, queues of elevator users are piling up and visually, the GKB building has the potential of being struck by lightning because it has high above average.</em></p><p><em>Seeing these conditions, the authors conducted a study to evaluate the reliability of buildings based on the utility of the building with methods that have been used in other studies, namely the scoring method that is based on visual inspection and by adding measurement methods, and calculations. From these results found the reliability value of the GKB building on the criterion of health scores got a score of 81, the health and comfort criteria scored 99, the ease criterion scored a score of 98. So the reliability of the GKB building got a score of 92 and was included in the unfit category.</em></p>
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Roberts, Stephen J., Russell Cain, and Marian Stamp Dawkins. "Prediction of welfare outcomes for broiler chickens using Bayesian regression on continuous optical flow data." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 77 (September 5, 2012): 3436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0594.
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Currently, assessment of broiler (meat) chicken welfare relies largely on labour-intensive or post-mortem measures of welfare. We here describe a method for continuously and robustly monitoring the welfare of living birds while husbandry changes are still possible. We detail the application of Bayesian modelling to motion data derived from the output of cameras placed in commercial broiler houses. We show that the forecasts produced by the model can be used to accurately assess certain key aspects of the future health and welfare of a flock. The difference between healthy flocks and less-healthy ones becomes predictable days or even weeks before clinical symptoms become apparent. Hockburn (damaged leg skin, usually only seen in birds of two weeks or older) can be well predicted in flocks of only 1–2 days of age, using this approach. Our model combines optical flow descriptors of bird motion with robust multivariate forecasting and provides a sparse, efficient model with sparsity-inducing priors to achieve maximum predictive power with the minimum number of key variables.
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Prathumchai, Kullachart, and Ruttiya Bhula-or. "Understanding Households’ Perceptions of Risk Communication During a Natural Disaster: A Case Study of the 2011 Flood in Thailand." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0621.
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This study investigated households’ perceptions of risk communication during the 2011 flood in Thailand, which was the most devastating in Thailand since 1942 and affected 12.9 million people. The study aim was to analyze the determinants of people’s perceptions of early warning communication and its efficacy. It also examined key determinants in various aspects, including the accessibility and efficacy of warnings regarding the potential hazard from electrocution, household hygiene, and life and property issues. This study used the 2011 Flood Livelihood Survey of Thai households, conducted by the Thai National Statistical Office from July to December 2011. The results demonstrated that some household characteristics, head of household, and communication and transportation problems during the flood affected warnings regarding accessibility and the perception of warning efficacy during the 2011 flood in Thailand. The results also demonstrate the key factors in successful risk communication, i.e., flood experience and community interrelationship. It is also essential to provide comprehensive and useful information such as safety and health instructions, using the proper channels to disseminate information to the target audience.
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Sumi, Tetsuya, Makoto Nakatsugawa, and Yoshikazu Yamaguchi. "Special Issue on Expectations for Upgrading Dams Under Operation." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0581.
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IntroductionThere are approximately 2,700 dams in Japan. Their total reservoir capacity is approximately 25 billion m3(BCM), far less than the 34.4 BCM of Hoover Dam in the US or the 39.3 BCM of the Three Gorges Dam in China. Lake Biwa, with a capacity of 27.5 BCM, which has recently been used for multiple purposes by the Lake Biwa Comprehensive Development Project, is equivalent in scale to such artificial lakes. On the other hand, dams in Japan that were constructed on mountain rivers with considerable sediment deposits are decreasing their capacity more rapidly than those constructed on continental rivers, so they require measures against deposition to maintain their long-term reservoir capacity. In addition, extreme weather phenomena (increased rainfall and drought intensity) under climate changes increase high demand for storage capacity of dams. In order to effectively use these dams as limited resources and to hand them over to the next generation in healthy state, continuous investment and development of maintenance technology are required. Recently, to promote this investment and development, “A vision for upgrading dams (effective use of existing dams to mitigate damage from frequent floods and droughts and to generate renewable energy)” was established by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) on June 27, 2017 [1]. This special issue is collecting the significance of the dam upgrading projects and important challenges from various aspects to be implemented.
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Erlani, Ria, and Widyasari Her Nugrahandika. "Ketangguhan Kota Semarang dalam Menghadapi Bencana Banjir Pasang Air Laut (Rob)." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2019.3.1.47-36.
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<p class="ISI-Paragraf">Climate change becomes a big problem for Semarang City. One of the effects of climate change in Semarang City is the tidal flooding (rob). The existing tidal flooding is a consequence of the increase of land surface subsidence and the rise of sea level. It affects many aspects of life and livelihood of the society, including on physical, social, economic, environmental, and health aspects. In 2012, MercyCorps and ARUP declared Semarang City as one of the cities resilience to climate change. In 2014, Semarang City became the only city in Indonesia to take part in the 100 Resilient Cities program (100 RC). This research aims to identify the measures that have been done by stakeholders in facing tidal flood and to measure the resilience level of Semarang City in encountering tidal flood. The location of this research covers the area along the coast of Semarang City which stretches from west to east as far as 13.6 km. This research uses quantitative-qualitative deductive method. Based on the analysis result, the measures that have been done by the stakeholders in Semarang City resulted in “medium” resilience level against tidal flood. This implies that Semarang City has not yet been resilient in facing tidal flood. However, the existence of the 100RC program has made Semarang City Government work harder to achieve the goal of the 100RC project, which is Semarang City that is resilient in facing all challenges, both in the form of shock and stress.<em></em></p>
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Munandar, Arif, and Shanti Wardaningsih. "Nursing Provision in Psychological Aspect Management of Natural Disaster." Jurnal Keperawatan 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jk.v9i2.5311.
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Natural disasters are an event or series of events caused by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, floods, droughts, hurricanes and landslides, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses objects, and psychological effects. Therefore, the need for nurse preparedness is especially special on the psychological aspect aside from the physical aspect. Nurse personnel is the first milestone that will be sought by the people affected by disaster, because nurses as the front line in a health service has a responsibility and a big role in handling the patient's daily emergency and disaster strikes. To know nurse preparedness in psychological aspect in facing natural disaster. The writing of this journal uses a literature study approach from several sources selected based on the criteria set by the author. The research journal was obtained from several databases, namely PubMed and BioMedCentral (BMC) Psychiatry. In total, the literature review consists of 10 journals, 4 studies report effective outcomes including knowledge, skills, self-awareness, interest, intellectual, cooperation, and motivation need to be prepared to support disaster management, 5 research reports that nurses need to prepare themselves on the psychological aspect in the form of cognitive, intellectual, interest, attitude, clinical skills education and rescue comprehension with basic principles of psychosocial support. Last 1 study reported the result that the need for training for administrators on hospital management in disaster preparedness. The psychological aspect is very important that must be prepared by the nurse in facing natural disaster, thus preventing the occurrence of psychological impact (in the form of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and other mental disorders) either self-nurse or victim to be handled by natural disaster happen.
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Kalagin, Yuriі. "Crisis of masculinity and health of male servicemen." Grani 23, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1720101.
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The article looks at the problems of preserving social health and individuality in the context of realizing gender stereotypes. The author suggests the results of social research, which was conducted at the laboratory of applied social research of the department of social science and political science of NTU "KhPI" in 2020. Relevance is stipulated by the need to protect human resources in all forms, so that the shosty riches protect sovereignty and territoriality of Ukraine. The personnel of military formations in Ukraine is composed mainly of men, so it is extremely important to support and preserve the health of men. The problem lies in the fact that social media ideology is often panicky, often sponing people to take away the strategy of special behaviors is not a problem for social health. At the middle of the twentieth century, science at large turned out to be a huge respect for the nutrition of healthy’s health and social problems of complicity. In fact, even more than one studio in the United States has earned respect for up to date realization of masculine and ideological ideas for individual health. Віччнінії науковіці долуджудували вкмі Aspects of the flood of masculine ideology, ale better understanding of the context of the social protection of the form of Ukraine in Ukraine on the cob of the 21st table was not carried out. The author has added to the behavior of those stereotypes such as “do not cry”, “say that you are strong but strong”, “say that you’re the mother of the year of birth” to bring back the negative effects. The results of the previous show showed that ideological masculine formук stereotypes, which can be negatively attributed to a healthy person. Namaganiya cholіkіv, so as not to have more than one resource, follow stereotypes of masculine and ideological ideas to negative insights. That, to the author’s thought, is necessary to formulate more critical criticism to sound stereotypes about the “reference person”.
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Lahji, Khotijah, and Agustin Rebecca Lakawa. "SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT: CULTURAL BASED METHOD IN BUILDING GURUSINA SAO IN FLORES-NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR." International Journal on Livable Space 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v2i2.4698.
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<p><em>Traditional house (Sao) in Gurusina Flores is a building designed based on local wisdom by considering the concept of cultural sustainability, the balance of ecosystem (human and nature), and the concept of green building. One of the aspects that becomes the basic concept of environmentally friendly architecture and affects sustainability of a building is the concept of building a traditional house. This study aims to find the concept of sustainability applied by the Gurusina community as they build their traditional houses through cultural aspects that are believed to be inherited through the concept of inner space hierarchy, the space form, and the construction system. The research method is conducted through field observation, measurement, and interview. The results of this study reveal that traditional community of Gurusina has implemented the concept of sustainability in the form of cultural sustainability which has been applied in the phases of building Sao from planning, development and design, as well as construction. Nevertheless, sustainability aspects of the balance in ecosystem, the health and comfort and the waste reduction should also be taken into account in order to achieve the concept of total sustainability.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em></em><em>Keywords: Sustainability, Vernacular, Traditional house, Gurusina Sao</em></p>
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Chen, Xinlin, Lu Lu, Jie Shi, Xin Zhang, Haojun Fan, Bin Fan, Bo Qu, Qi Lv, and Shike Hou. "Application and Prospect of a Mobile Hospital in Disaster Response." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.113.
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ABSTRACTDisasters such as an earthquake, a flood, and an epidemic usually lead to large numbers of casualties accompanied by disruption of the functioning of local medical institutions. A rapid response of medical assistance and support is required. Mobile hospitals have been deployed by national and international organizations at disaster situations in the past decades, which play an important role in saving casualties and alleviating the shortage of medical resources. In this paper, we briefly introduce the types and characteristics of mobile hospitals used by medical teams in disaster rescue, including the aspects of structural form, organizational form, and mobile transportation. We also review the practices of mobile hospitals in disaster response and summarize the problems and needs of mobile hospitals in disaster rescue. Finally, we propose the development direction of mobile hospitals, especially on the development of intelligence, rapid deployment capabilities, and modularization, which provide suggestions for further research and development of mobile hospitals in the future.
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Erlani, Ria, and Widyasari Her Nugrahandika. "Ketangguhan Kota Semarang dalam Menghadapi Bencana Banjir Pasang Air Laut (Rob)." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2019.3.1.47-63.
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<span lang="EN-US">Climate change becomes a big problem for Semarang City. One of the effects of climate change in Semarang City is the tidal flooding (rob). The existing tidal flooding is a consequence of the increase of land surface subsidence and the rise of sea level. It affects many aspects of life and livelihood of the society, including on physical, social, economic, environmental, and health aspects. In 2012, </span>MercyCorps and ARUP<span lang="EN-US"> declared Semarang City as one of the cities resilience to climate change. </span><span lang="EN-US">In 2014, Semarang City became the only city in Indonesia to take part in the 100 Resilient Cities program (100 RC). </span><span lang="EN-US">This research aims to identify the measures that have been done by stakeholders in facing tidal flood and to measure the resilience level of Semarang City in encountering tidal flood. The location of this research covers the area along the coast of Semarang City which stretches from west to east as far as 13.6 km. This research uses quantitative-qualitative deductive method. Based on the analysis result, the measures that have been done by the stakeholders in Semarang City resulted in “medium” resilience level against tidal flood. This implies that Semarang City has not yet been resilient in facing tidal flood. </span><span lang="EN-US">However, the existence of the 100RC program has made Semarang City Government work harder to achieve the goal of the 100RC project, which is Semarang City that is resilient in facing all challenges, both in the form of shock and stress.</span>
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van Staaveren, Nienke, Emily M. Leishman, Sarah M. Adams, Benjamin J. Wood, Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek, and Christine F. Baes. "Housing and Management of Turkey Flocks in Canada." Animals 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071159.
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An increased understanding of the turkey sector and how farmers manage flocks can help maintain and improve the health and welfare of turkeys. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among turkey farmers in Canada to gain information regarding general farm characteristics, housing aspects (incl. lighting, ventilation), litter management, feed and water management, flock characteristics, and flock health management. The survey was distributed to 500 farmers through the Turkey Farmers of Canada in April–December 2019. A total of 83 final responses (response rate approx. 20%) were used for a descriptive analysis to determine the frequency of housing and management practices (77 commercial flocks, 6 breeder flocks). Hen flocks (n = 53) had a median age of eight weeks (IQR: 7–12 weeks) and tom flocks (n = 30) had a median age of 12 weeks (IQR: 9–14 weeks). Turkey flocks within Canada are typically kept in indoor barn systems on a concrete floor (87.5%), with bedding (e.g., straw, wood shavings) provided (100%). The majority followed a brood and move growing system (68.8%), and a large proportion of farmers indicated that they raised turkeys under the ‘Raised Without Antibiotics/Antibiotic Free’ or the ‘Responsible Use of Antibiotics’ certification (70.5%). Possible room for improvement could be found in terms of litter management and biosecurity practices, however, further research is needed to make clear recommendations.
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Tuohy, Robyn, and Christine Stephens. "Older adults' narratives about a flood disaster: Resilience, coherence, and personal identity." Journal of Aging Studies 26, no. 1 (January 2012): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2011.06.002.
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González, Luis-Millán, José Devís-Devís, Maite Pellicer-Chenoll, Miquel Pans, Alberto Pardo-Ibañez, Xavier García-Massó, Fernanda Peset, Fernanda Garzón-Farinós, and Víctor Pérez-Samaniego. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Sport in Twitter: A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094554.
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The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has transformed many aspects of people’s daily life, including sports. Social networks have been flooded on these issues. The present study aims to analyze the tweets produced relating to sports and COVID-19. From the end of January to the beginning of May 2020, over 4,000,000 tweets on this subject were downloaded through the Twitter search API. Once the duplicates, replicas, and retweets were removed, 119,253 original tweets were analyzed. A quantitative–qualitative content analysis was used to study the selected tweets. Posts dynamics regarding sport and exercise evolved according to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown, shifting from considering sport as a healthy bastion to an activity exposed to disease like any other. Most media professional sporting events received great attention on Twitter, while grassroots and women’s sport were relegated to a residual role. The analysis of the 30 topics identified focused on the social, sporting, economic and health impact of the pandemic on the sport. Sporting cancellations, leisure time and socialization disruptions, club bankruptcies, sports training and athletes’ uncertain career development were the main concerns. Although general health measures appeared in the tweets analyzed, those addressed to sports practice were relatively scarce. Finally, this study shows the importance of Twitter as a means of conveying social attitudes towards sports and COVID-19 and its potential to generate alternative responses in future stages of the pandemic.
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Lahji, Khotijah, and Agustin Rebecca Lakawa. "SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT: CULTURAL BASED METHOD IN BUILDING GURUSINA SAO IN FLORES-NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR." International Journal on Livable Space 2, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v2i2.2266.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Traditional house (Sao) in Gurusina Flores is a building designed based on local wisdom by considering the concept of cultural sustainability, the balance of ecosystem (human and nature), and the concept of green building. One of the aspects that becomes the basic concept of environmentally friendly architecture and affects sustainability of a building is the concept of building a traditional house. This study aims to find the concept of sustainability applied by the Gurusina community as they build their traditional houses through cultural aspects that are believed to be inherited through the concept of inner space hierarchy, the space form, and the construction system. The research method is conducted through field observation, measurement, and interview. The results of this study reveal that traditional community of Gurusina has implemented the concept of sustainability in the form of cultural sustainability which has been applied in the phases of building Sao from planning, development and design, as well as construction. Nevertheless, sustainability aspects of the balance in ecosystem, the health and comfort and the waste reduction should also be taken into account in order to achieve the concept of total sustainability. </span></p></div></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Keywords: Sustainability, Vernacular, Traditional house, Gurusina Sao </span></p></div></div></div>
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Turner-McGrievy, Gabrielle, Caroline Dunn, Alycia Boutte, and Christine Blake. "The Thousand Year Flood: University Students’ Reflections on Service Learning Experiences Before and After a Natural Disaster." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379916687588.
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Service learning allows health sciences students to connect what they learn in the classroom with real-world experiences. The goal of this article was to examine the experiences of students in a nutrition course who completed their service learning assignment at a community food bank before or after a large natural disaster—the October 2015 flood in South Carolina. Sources of data included an online survey and a qualitative content analysis of the service learning assignment reflection papers. Students ( n = 106 completed the course) equally valued their service learning experience at both pre- and post-flood periods; however, significantly more post-flood students (44%) rated the training they received prior to volunteering as inadequate than pre-flood students (7%, χ2 = 7.55, p < .01). From the reflection papers, themes that emerged more often in post-flood papers were related to altruism (e.g., mentions of wanting to volunteer in the future, include others in their volunteer experiences, or donate food) as compared to pre-flood papers, which tended to mention more of the technical aspects of volunteering, such as comments around sorting or bagging food. Analysis of the reflection papers also revealed several students who volunteered pre-flood but returned to volunteer again after the flood. The results of this study indicate that students can familiarize themselves with volunteer opportunities through service learning that enable them to return to their volunteer location at a time of community crisis and need; however, additional training regarding the impact of natural disasters would be beneficial.
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Bremner, J. M., J. Rogers, and J. P. Willis. "SEDIMENTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE 1988 ORANGE RIVER FLOODS." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 47, no. 3 (January 1990): 247–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359199009520243.
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Du, Weiwei, Gerard Joseph FitzGerald, Michele Clark, and Xiang-Yu Hou. "Health Impacts of Floods." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008141.
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AbstractIntroduction:Floods are the most common hazard to cause disasters and have led to extensive morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The impact of floods on the human community is related directly to the location and topography of the area, as well as human demographics and characteristics of the built environment.Objectives:The aim of this study is to identify the health impacts of disasters and the underlying causes of health impacts associated with floods. A conceptual framework is developed that may assist with the development of a rational and comprehensive approach to prevention, mitigation, and management.Methods:This study involved an extensive literature review that located >500 references, which were analyzed to identify common themes, findings, and expert views. The findings then were distilled into common themes.Results:The health impacts of floods are wide ranging, and depend on a number of factors. However, the health impacts of a particular flood are specific to the particular context. The immediate health impacts of floods include drowning, injuries, hypothermia, and animal bites. Health risks also are associated with the evacuation of patients, loss of health workers, and loss of health infrastructure including essential drugs and supplies. In the medium-term, infected wounds, complications of injury, poisoning, poor mental health, communicable diseases, and starvation are indirect effects of flooding. In the long-term, chronic disease, disability, poor mental health, and poverty-related diseases including malnutrition are the potential legacy.Conclusions:This article proposes a structured approach to the classification of the health impacts of floods and a conceptual framework that demonstrates the relationships between floods and the direct and indirect health consequences.
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George, Paul. "Health Impacts of Floods." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, no. 2 (April 2011): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000148.
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Saravanan, Suriya, Mudgal Basavaraj, and Prakash Nelliyat. "Socio–Economic Analysis of Riverine Flooding on Low-Income Dwellings: Adayar River, a Case Study." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2020-0024.
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AbstractFlood damage assessment plays a vital role in providing information to policy developers. Nowadays, due to urbanization, the impact of flooding on communities is extensive, including tangible damage to property, the environment, and infrastructure as well as intangible damage due to stress, health hazards, and hardship. This paper provides an overview of a detailed flood assessment study conducted in the Kotturpuram Housing board area, located on the flood plain of the Adayar River in Chennai, India. A relatively simple approach to data collection was adopted, being a Questionnaire Survey (QS) as well as semi-structured interviews and observation techniques, due to data and research limitations. Losses due to damage to belongings and extra spending to buy essential commodities during flooding are also dealt with in this study. The flood mitigation costs for flooding that occurred in the year 2015 are also evaluated. A stage-damage curve was arrived at based on the information collected. Optimal and sustainable mitigation measures can be achieved only when the socio-economic aspects are adequately considered. Thus, this analysis was designed to estimate the effects of flooding on a community’s social and economic welfare, and thereby help to educate the community, including residents and officials, about the impact and magnitude of flooding. The outputs of the study will be the key inputs for designing flood mitigation and relief measures.
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Hernandez, Joaquin, Jose L. Benedito, and Cristina Castillo. "Relevance of the study of metabolic profiles in sheep and goat flock. Present and future: A review." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): e06R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020183-14627.
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Current adoption of technical methods of the production systems and the genetic improvement of flocks’ productivity have led to the emergence of the well-known metabolic diseases or diseases linked to production. These disorders affect the health status of the flock, thereby generating strong economic losses in the livestock sector. The solution goes through the assessment of the ration, the characteristics of the facilities, the physiological state and the health of the flock, but also, assessing the health condition which is not always reflected in their body condition or feed intake. In field conditions, metabolic profiles could be considered as possible intermediate monitoring tool between animal production and nutrition, because they are able to express a(n) (im)balance between production requirements and feed intake. This information can be accessed by performing measurements and interpreting different blood parameters in a clinical context. Thus, the aim of this review is to offer current information about biochemical metabolic parameters in small ruminants, covering some influencing aspects related to sampling procedure, management and interpretation of results.
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Islam, M. Ariful, Arvind Sharma, S. Ahsan, S. Mazumdar, K. C. Rudra, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Welfare Assessment of Dairy Cows in Small Farms in Bangladesh." Animals 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030394.
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Protocols for assessing the welfare of dairy cows in large scale intensive dairy systems in the developed world have been used extensively. Little attention has been paid to the use of similar welfare assessment protocols for small dairy enterprises in developing countries. We modified part of the standard assessment protocol and used it to assess aspects of the welfare of dairy cows in a field survey of 70 small farms in the Sirajgonj district of Bangladesh. Welfare indicators selected were mainly those of health and economic importance, such as lameness, lesions on the body and limbs, cleanliness levels, milk yield, and body condition. The study included physical examination of 700 cows and use of a structured questionnaire to collect data on health and management practices and farmers’ perspectives about animal welfare. Mean milk yield, averaged across farms, was 10.3 L/d (range 6.3–14.2) and body condition assessment indicated that cows were, on average, thin. Hygiene management was often poor, with soiling of body parts with faeces. The prevalence of lameness, at 4.3%, was less than has commonly been observed in larger, more intensive dairy farms, but body injuries were commonly detected at the carpal and hock joints (56 and 51% of cows, respectively). This suggests that floors and/or bedding to lie on were inadequate. Many farmers did not follow routine vaccination and deworming schedules (63% and 31%, respectively) and farmers were not generally aware of the concept of animal welfare. The study demonstrates some similar welfare issues to those that have been commonly identified in large, intensive units, but also some differences, in particular a failure to provide good floors, bedding, and basic health care.
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Ivakh, Yaroslav. "Social and economic factors of increasing destructive activity of floods in the Carpathian region of Ukraine." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 41 (September 17, 2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.41.1944.
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The human geographical aspects of increasing catastrophic floods activity are considered. Modern features on the formation and occurrence of floods are analyzed. The complex of measures for solving environmental, economic and social problems is suggested. Key words: catastrophic flood, geoecological situation, social and economic factors of floods, environmental culture.