Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health aspects of Food contamination

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Health aspects of Food contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Health aspects of Food contamination"

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József Fenyvessy. "Some aspects of food safety from animal origin." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2514.

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The relationship between the civilisation illnesses and incorrect nutrition can be considered as demonstrated. The functional foods having one or several nutritional- biological advantage can contribute to the healthy nutrition and to improving the quality of life. Beside the healthy nutrition it is an another important requirement that the food does not contain pathogens or substances of chemical and biological origin namely it has to be safe. In this publication the foods of animal origin were investigated in the point of view of public health hazards arising during their production and processing.The contamination and infection of food raw materials, the consequence of chemical substances getting in or developing it the food, the judgement of food deviring from genetically modified or cloned animals are discussed.
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Ketney, Otto. "Food Safety Legislation Regarding Of Aflatoxins Contamination." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 67, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2015-0081.

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Abstract The main objective of the European Union (EU) is to reduce certain contaminants in foodstuffs to acceptable levels. The occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in food was considered to be one of the most important issues of global food security to protect the health of humans and animals, over 100 nations have established maximum tolerable levels for aflatoxin in food. Although EU legislation covers many aspects of food safety was not legally establish an integrated framework that could effectively combat and cover all sectors of the food chain. Monitoring and reporting levels of aflatoxins after controls are essential actions that assist to identify potential risks to human health. The review process for aflatoxin regulations is a complex activity involving many factors and stakeholders.
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Wahyuni, Hana Catur, Wiwik Sumarmi, and Ida Agustini Saidi. "Analisis Persepsi Konsumen Terhadap Aspek Risiko Keamanan Pangan Pada Sistem Rantai Pasok Makanan." PROZIMA (Productivity, Optimization and Manufacturing System Engineering) 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/prozima.v2i2.2201.

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Food security has an important role in human health. Food that is not guarded can be contaminated which has a negative impact on human health. The negative impact arose due to contamination originating from various places, starting from raw materials, processes, distribution etc. In other words, contamination can be sourced from all actors chained to the supply. For this reason, consumers must be able to choose foods that are safe for consumption. This study aims to determine the extent of consumer perceptions of aspects of food safety risk. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires and processed using one way statistics. The results of the study show that food safety is the main element that is considered in carrying out the food purchasing process.
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Taniwaki, Marta H., John I. Pitt, Marina V. Copetti, Aldir A. Teixeira, and Beatriz T. Iamanaka. "Understanding Mycotoxin Contamination Across the Food Chain in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities." Toxins 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070411.

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Brazil is one of the largest food producers and exporters in the world. In the late 20th century, the European Union program for the harmonization of regulations for contaminants in food, including mycotoxins, led to the examination of mycotoxin contamination in foods at a global level. The problem of the rejection of food by the European Union and other countries became a Brazilian national priority because of economic and food safety aspects. Ochratoxin A in coffee and cocoa and aflatoxins in Brazil nuts are examples of the impact of technical trade barriers on Brazilian foods. To overcome these threats, several strategies were undertaken by Brazilian and international organizations. In this context, the Codex Commission on Food Contaminants (CCCF) has emerged as a forum to discuss with more transparency issues related to mycotoxins, focusing on establishing maximum levels and codes of practices for some commodities and mycotoxins to ensure fair trade and food safety. Our experience in investigating and understanding mycotoxin contamination across the food chains in Brazil has contributed nationally and internationally to providing some answers to these issues.
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., Gholam Reza Jahed Kh, Inteaz Alli ., Ebrahim Nowroozi ., and Ramin Nabizadeh . "Mercury Contamination in Fish and Public Health Aspects: A Review." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 5 (August 15, 2005): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.276.281.

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Janik, Edyta, Marcin Niemcewicz, Michal Ceremuga, Maksymilian Stela, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, Adrian Siadkowski, and Michal Bijak. "Molecular Aspects of Mycotoxins—A Serious Problem for Human Health." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 8187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218187.

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Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolities formed by a variety of fungi (moulds) species. Hundreds of potentially toxic mycotoxins have been already identified and are considered a serious problem in agriculture, animal husbandry, and public health. A large number of food-related products and beverages are yearly contaminated by mycotoxins, resulting in economic welfare losses. Mycotoxin indoor environment contamination is a global problem especially in less technologically developed countries. There is an ongoing effort in prevention of mould growth in the field and decontamination of contaminated food and feed in order to protect human and animal health. It should be emphasized that the mycotoxins production by fungi (moulds) species is unavoidable and that they are more toxic than pesticides. Human and animals are exposed to mycotoxin via food, inhalation, or contact which can result in many building-related illnesses including kidney and neurological diseases and cancer. In this review, we described in detail the molecular aspects of main representatives of mycotoxins, which are serious problems for global health, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, patulin, and zearalenone.
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Otero, María Carolina, Juan A. Fuentes, Cristian Atala, Sara Cuadros-Orellana, Camila Fuentes, and Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida. "Antimicrobial Properties of Chilean Native Plants: Future Aspects in Their Application in the Food Industry." Foods 11, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11121763.

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Food contamination with microorganisms is responsible for food spoilage, deterioration and change of organoleptic properties of foods. Besides, the growth of pathogenic microorganisms can provoke serious health problems if food is consumed. Innovative packaging, such as active packaging, is increasing rapidly in the food industry, especially in applying antimicrobials into delivery systems, such as sachets. Chile is a relevant hotspot for biodiversity conservation and a source of unique bio-resources with antimicrobial potential. In this review, fifteen native plants with antimicrobial properties are described. Their antimicrobial effects include an effect against human pathogens. Considering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, searching for new antimicrobials to design new strategies for food pathogen control is necessary. Chilean flora is a promising source of antimicrobials to be used in active packaging. However, further studies are required to advance from laboratory tests of their antimicrobial effects to their possible effects and uses in active films.
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Cortés-Sánchez, Alejandro De Jesús. "About Clostridium botulinum, Fish and Tilapia." Modern Applied Science 15, no. 3 (April 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n3p1.

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Fish and products are considered a food of nutritional quality that constituents a part of the human diet, produced and commercialized worldwide. Tilapia is one of the main fish for aquaculture production destined for human consumption in different presentations: refrigerated, frozen, fillet, cured, canned, among others. Fish, in addition to being a highly nutritious food, is also sensitive to deterioration and contamination along the food chain, being able to be contaminated mainly by microorganisms that are casual agents of consumer illnesses. Clostridium botulinum and spores can contaminate foods such as fish and products whose germination, growth and generation of botulinum toxin puts the health of consumers at high risk of acquiring botulism disease, which is of importance in public health due to its incidence and high fatality rate. This review describes in a general way the aspects related to fish and tilapia, foodborne diseases such as botulism, the causal agent, in addition to sanitary regulation, control and prevention of contamination of food products to protect food safety, and consumer’s health.
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Mastanjević, Krešimir, Vinko Krstanović, and Kristina Habschied. "A Review on Antifungal Green Preservatives: An Aspect of Food Industry." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 3 (December 20, 2022): 830–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.2.

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Many studies have been conducted on the harmful effect of mycotoxins on human and animal health. However, other chemicals can also contribute to the toxicity of ingested foods, directly or indirectly (via animal products). Many synthetic chemicals that are used for field treatments of cereals, or applied during storage time to prolong the storage time and to insure the absence of fungal contamination, are proven to be harmful to human and animal health. In order to reduce the usage of such chemicals and to improve the already deteriorated ecosystems, scholars are dedicated to optimizing and commercializing a “greener” option not only for agronomic applications, but also for the food industry. Recent advances in the effectiveness of green preservatives aiming at the food industry will be described in this paper. The intention is to preserve not only the health-related aspects of food by applying green preservatives, but also to maintain the ecological aspect regarding the environment as much as possible.
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Cortés Sánchez, Alejandro De Jesús, Martha Lorena Guzmán Robles, Rodolfo Garza Torres, Luis Daniel Espinosa Chaurand, and Mayra Diaz Ramirez. "Food Safety, Fish and Listeriosis." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 11 (November 23, 2019): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1908-1916.2888.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a relevant disease in public health worldwide. The genus Listeria spp., corresponds to cosmopolitan bacteria and capable of surviving different adverse conditions, which increases the risk for the food to be contaminated at any stage of the food chain. Fish and fish products are foods of high production level and, due to their chemical or nutritional composition, are highly susceptible to deterioration and contamination by pathogens in their productive chain relating to cases of listeriosis. Derived from the incidence and human mortality due to causative agents of listeriosis, along with their resistance to antimicrobials, they have acquired a greater emphasis on human health, animal health and food industry, resulting in the implementation of safety systems such as good hygiene practices, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system, analytical methods and microbiological criteria, as some of the actions to contribute to the food safety and public health protection. The purpose of this review document is to provide, in a general way, aspects involved in foodborne illnesses, specifically listeriosis and its association with fish as a transmitting food, considering the prevention and control measures of this disease through food. It also includes aspects related to antimicrobial resistance by bacterial isolates obtained from fish, their implications and health risks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health aspects of Food contamination"

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Rip, Diane. "Sample preparation methods and molecular based detection for the rapid isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1346_1255007553.

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Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis, a food-borne disease, which may result in severe illness and possible death. The importance of L. monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen has been recognized since the 1980's when a correlation between the cunsumption of contaminated foodstuffs and human listeriosis outbreaks was observed. Listeriosis occurs with the ingestion of contaminated foods. The aim of this study involved developing DNA based methods to aid the food industry for the fast detection of L. monocytogenes in food products. Therefore assays were developed in such a way that they will have potential applications in the food idustry.

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Jarvis, Sandra Marie. "The application of immunology to food science, two studies : production of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for an enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) ; development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for [Beta]-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28947.

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Two hybridoma clones, labelled 4D10 C1 and 2H4 H12, produced monoclonal antibodies which recognized the outer membrane of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) 0142:K86:H6 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the whole cell in an immunofluorescence assay. Large scale production of the monoclonal antibodies was accomplished through ascites production in balb/c mice. Purification of the ascites fluid was achieved by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Isotyping of the purified fractions showed 4D10 C1 to be an IgG2 and 2H4 H12 an IgM. These monoclonal antibodies were screened by immunofluorescence assay against several pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of E.coli in addition to other Enterobacteriaciae. Results of the screening showed these antibodies to be specific for the E.coli serotype to which they were raised. Minimal cross-reactivity with other Enterobacteriaceae was observed. In a separate and concurrent project, the use of an ELISA capable of detecting ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) was examined. White Leghorn hens were injected with commercially prepared bovine NAGase. Eggs were collected and the immunoglobulin fraction separated from the egg yolk by polyethylene glycol precipitation followed by ion exchange on a DEAE-Sephacel column. The use of the purified immunoglobulins was examined in a sandwich, double-sandwich and a competitive ELISA. A statistically significant standard curve for the detection of NAGase was successfully derived using a double-sandwich ELISA when rabbit immunoglobulin was used to coat the microwell plates. This assay was used to measure the NAGase concentration in press juice and fish extract of fresh and frozen salmon muscle samples. The ratio of the NAGase concentration in the press juice to the total NAGase concentration was compared. No significant difference was found between the calculated concentration ratios of the fresh muscle samples and samples frozen for 1 week at -20°C.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Qin, Yanyan. "Health risk assessment of POPs and heavy metals in Hong Kong residents based on their concentrations in selected food items and different human tissues (blood plasma and adipose tissues)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1234.

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Chan, Kit Yan. "Dietary exposure, human body loadings, and health risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants at two major electronic waste recycling sites in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/943.

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Shange, Nompumelelo. "Contamination of game carcasses during harvesting and slaughter operations at a South African abattoir." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98112.

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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The consumption of game meat and its by-products is increasing locally and internationally. The increase in consumption requires research that is focused on the microbiological quality of game meat. The harvesting and slaughter process of springbok carcasses revealed the presence of bacterial contamination. Swab samples taken after skinning portrayed a presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterobacteriaceae. Springbok carcasses swabbed after chilling indicated aerobic bacteria, Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria. In contrast, swab samples taken at the evisceration’s incision area tend to be lower in counts when compared to swab samples taken after skinning and after chilling. Bacterial contamination was linked to poor hygienic practices during the harvesting and slaughter process. Results showed a need for the investigation of the slaughter process. To evaluate the slaughter process’s impact on the microbial quality of game carcasses, black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) carcasses were sampled throughout the slaughter process. Before skinning, aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli were enumerated from hide samples, counts ranged from 0.92 to 7.84 log cfu/g. after skinning, bacterial counts ranged from 0.93 to 6.12 log cfu/g and further decreased after chilling. Clostridium spp. counts increased after skinning, however, statistical analysis detected no significant differences between counts. Salmonella spp. was not detected. The results indicate that bacterial contamination does occur during the slaughter process. Hygienic status during the production of game meat products was also determined. Bacterial counts from raw game meat ranged from 2.37 to 5.37 log cfu/g. Counts as high as 6.16 log cfu/g were enumerated from retail products. Aerobic plate counts (APC) from ≤ 2.62 log cfu/cm2 to ≤ 6.3log cfu/cm2 were enumerated from surfaces, hands and equipment during production. Results highlighted the inefficiency of cleaning procedures and revealed that contaminated meat can allow for bacterial contamination. To determine if muscle pH influences colour stability and microbial spoilage of game meat, normal (n=6) and dark, firm and dry (DFD) (n=6) black wildebeest Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles were studied. pH affected colour, as initial (day 0) L*,a*,b*,C* and Hab values from Normal pH samples were significantly higher than values reported for DFD samples. Initial APC and Enterobacteriaceae counts from samples with Normal pH were not significantly different from counts reported for DFD samples. Initial contamination was linked to the harvesting and slaughter process. Further refrigeration (5±1ºC) for 12 days in an aerobic environment and analyses of samples every third day revealed that pH did not affect lightness and brownness as L* and b* values for DFD samples did not significantly differ overtime, the same trend was seen for samples with Normal pH. Normal pH samples showed a significant increase in a* and C* values until day 12, whilst Hab values decreased until the 12th day. The same trend was seen for a* and C* values for DFD samples until the 9th day as on the 12th day values increased. Similarly, Hab values for DFD samples decreased until the 9th day, then increased on the 12th day. Using the microbial spoilage limit of 6 log cfu/g, it was seen that DFD meat reached this limit earlier than samples with Normal pH. Overall, the study provides baseline information on the microbiological quality of game meat harvested in South Africa and slaughtered at a South African abattoir.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die plaaslike en internasionale verbruik van wildsvleis en wildsvleisprodukte is aan’t toeneem. Hierdie toename in verbuik vereis navorsing wat gefokus is op die mikrobiese kwaliteit van wildsvleis. Die oes-en slagproses van springbok karkasse het die teenwoordigheid van bakteriese kontaminasie aan die lig gebring. Monsters geneem met ʼn depper na afslag van karkasse het ʼn teenwoordigheid van Escherichia coli (E. coli) getoon. Springbok karkasse wat getoets is na verkoeling het hoë vlakke van die aërobiese bakterium Clostridium spp. en van melksuurbakterieë getoon. In teenstelling hiermee is getalle laer rondom die ontweidings insnyding. Bakteriese kontaminasie was gekoppel aan swak higiëne gedurende die oes- en slagproses. Hierdie resultate het ʼn ondersoek van die slagproses aangemoedig. Om die impak van die slagproses op die mikrobiese kwaliteit van wildskarkasse te evalueer, is monsters regdeur geneem van swartwildebees (Connochaetes gnou). Getalle van aërobiese bakterieë, Enterobacteriaceae, en E. coli was bepaal op vel monsters voor afslag; getalle het gewissel tussen 0.92 en 7.84 log cve/g. Getalle van bakterieë na afslag het gewissel tussen 0.93 en 6.12 log cfu/g, en het verder afgeneem na verkoeling. Clostridum spp. het toegeneem na afslag, maar statistiese analises het geen beduidende verskille getoon nie. Monsters het negatief getoets vir Salmonella spp. Die resultate toon aan dat bakteriese kontaminasie wel plaasvind gedurende die slagproses. Die higiëniese status gedurende die produksie van wildsvleis is ook vasgestel. Bakteriegetalle van rou wildsvleis het gewissel tussen 2.37 log cve/g en 5.37 log cve/g. Getalle van handelsprodukte het getalle getoon van soveel as 6.16 log cve/g. Aërobiese plaat telling tussen ≤2.62 cve/cm2 en ≤ 6.3log cve/cm2 is vasgestel vanaf oppervlakte, hande en toerusting gedurende produksie. Resultate beklemtoon die ondoeltreffendheid van skoonmaakprosedures en wys dat aangetaste vleis bakteriese kontaminasie kan toelaat. Om te bepaal of die kleurstabiliteit en mikrobiese bederf van wildsvleis geaffekteer word deur spiere se pH, is normale (n=6) en donker, ferm, en droë (DFD) (n=6) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) spiere van die swartwildebees bestudeer. Kleur was geaffekteer deur vleis pH, siende dat die aanvanklike waardes (dag 0) vir L*, a*, b*, C* en Hab aansienlik hoër was vir monsters met normale pH as DFD monsters. Aanvanklike getalle van aërobiese plaat telling en Enterobacteriaceae telling van monsters met Normale pH het nie beduidend verskil van DFD monsters nie. Aanvanklike besmetting was gekoppel aan die oes- en slagproses. Verdere verkoeling (5±1ºC) vir 12 dae in ʼn aërobiese omgewing en analise van monsters wys dat pH nie ligtheid en bruinheid affekteer nie; waardes vir L* en b* vir DFD monsters het nie beduidend verskil oor tyd nie. Dieselfde geld vir monsters met Normale pH. Monsters met Normale pH het ʼn beduidende toename in a* en C* getoon tot en met dag 12, terwyl waardes vir Hab afgeneem het tot en met dag 12. Dieselfde patroon is waargeneem by waardes vir a* en C* vir DFD monsters tot en met dag 9, terwyl dit toegeneem het op die 12de dag. Soortgelyk het Hab waardes vir DFD monsters afgeneem tot n met dag 9, en toegeneem op die 12de dag. Dit is ook gevind dat DFD vleis die limiet vir mikrobiese bederf (6 log cve/g) vroeër bereik as monsters met Normale pH. Die studie voorsien basis inligting oor die mikrobiese kwaliteit van wildsvleis wat geoes is in Suid Afrika, en geslag is by Suid Afrikaanse slagpale.
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Cawthorn, Donna-Maree. "Detection, identification and live/dead differentiation of the emerging pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii from infant formula milk and the processing environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21603.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that at least 75% of infants receive infant formula milk (IFM) either entirely or in conjunction with breast milk during the first four months after birth. The presence of the emerging pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii in IFM has been associated with rare but fatal cases of neonatal infections and deaths. There is thus a need for accurate methods for the rapid detection of E. sakazakii in foods. At present, the methods used to detect and identify this micro-organism are inadequate, controversial and contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable method for E. sakazakii detection after evaluation of the currently available methods. A further aim was to optimise a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of only viable E. sakazakii cells utilising the DNA-intercalating dyes ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for E. sakazakii detection was utilised to select 50 isolates from IFM and 14 from the environment, regardless of colony appearance. These isolates were identified by sequencing a 1.5 kilobase (kb) fragment of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and by using the National Centre for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) database to confirm the closet known relatives. Seven of the 50 (14%) IFM isolates and six of the 14 (43%) environmental isolates were identified as E. sakazakii. The methods that were evaluated for accuracy in detecting and identifying these E. sakazakii isolates included yellow pigment production on tryptone soy agar (TSA), chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) and Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) agars and PCR using six different species-specific primer pairs described in the literature. The suitability of the FDA method was lowered by the low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87%, 71% and 74%, respectively) of using yellow pigment production for E. sakazakii identification. DFI and ES agars were shown to be sensitive, specific and accurate (100%, 98% and 98%, respectively) for the detection of E. sakazakii. The specificity of the PCR amplifications was found to vary between 8% and 92%, with Esakf and Esakr being the most accurate of the primer pairs evaluated. The current FDA method for E. sakazakii detection requires revision in the light of the availability of more sensitive, specific and accurate detection methods. Based on the results obtained in this study, a new method is proposed for the detection of E. sakazakii in food and environmental samples. This proposed method replaces the culturing steps on violet red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) and TSA with culturing on chromogenic DFI or ES agar. For identification and confirmation of presumptive E. sakazakii isolates, the oxidase test, yellow pigment production and API biochemical profiling is replaced by DNA sequencing and/or species-specific PCR with the most accurate primer pair (Esakf and Esakr). The amendments to the current FDA method will reduce the time to detect E. sakazakii from approximately 7 days to 4 days and should prove to be more sensitive, specific and accurate for E. sakazakii detection. In this study, a novel PCR-based method was developed which was shown to be capable of discriminating between viable and dead E. sakazakii cells. This was achieved utilising the irreversible binding of bacterial DNA to photo-activated PMA or EMA in order to prevent PCR amplification from the dead cells. At concentrations of 50 and 100 μg.ml-1, PMA completely inhibited PCR amplification from dead cells, while causing no significant inhibition of the PCR amplification from viable cells. EMA was equally effective in preventing PCR amplification from dead cells, however, it also inhibited PCR amplification from viable cells. PMA-PCR in particular, will be useful for assessing the efficacy of processing techniques, as well as for monitoring the resistance, survival strategies and stress responses of E. sakazakii. This will be an important step in the efforts to eliminate E. sakazakii from food and food production environments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) beraam dat ten minste 75% van alle babas net baba formule melk (BFM) of BFM in kombinasie met moedersmelk in die eerste vier maande na geboorte kry. Die teenwoordigheid van die voortkomende patogeen Enterobacter sakazakii in BFM is al geassosieer met skaars maar noodlottige gevalle van neonatale infeksies en sterftes. Akkurate metodes word dus benodig vir die vinnige deteksie van E. sakazakii in voedsel. Die metodes wat huidiglik gebruik word vir die deteksie en identifikasie van hierdie mikroörganisme is onvoldoende, kontroversieël en teenstrydig. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die beste metode vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii te bepaal, na 'n evaluasie van die metodes wat huidiglik beskikbaar is. 'n Verdere doel was om 'n polimerase ketting reaksie (PKR) metode vir die deteksie van slegs lewensvatbare E. sakazakii selle te optimiseer deur gebruik te maak van die DNSbindende kleurstowwe, etidium mono-asied (EMA) en propidium mono-asied (PMA). Die Voedsel en Medisyne Administrasie (VMA) se metode vir E. sakazakii deteksie is gebruik om, ongeag van die kolonie kleur, 50 isolate vanuit BFM en 14 isolate vanuit die omgewing te kies. Hierdie isolate is geïdentifiseer deur die DNS volgorde van 'n 1.5 kilo-basis (kb) fragment van die 16S ribosomale DNS (rDNS) te bepaal en die Nationale Sentrum vir Biotegnologiese Informasie (NSBI) databasis te gebruik om die mees verwante spesie te bevestig. Sewe van die 50 (14%) BFM isolate en ses van die 14 (43%) omgewings isolate is geïdentifiseer as E. sakazakii. Die metodes wat geëvalueer is in terme van akkuraatheid vir deteksie en identifikasie van hierdie E. sakazakii isolate het PKR met ses verskillende spesie-spesifieke peiler pare soos beskryf in die literatuur, geel-pigment produksie op triptoon soja agar (TSA) en chromogeniese Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) en Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) agars ingesluit. Die geskiktheid van die VMA metode is verlaag deur die lae sensitiwiteit, spesifisiteit en akkuraatheid (87%, 71% en 74% onderskeidelik) van geel pigment produksie vir E. sakazakii identifikasie. Chromogeniese DFI en ES agars was sensitief, spesifiek en akkuraat (100%, 98% en 98% onderskeidelik) vir die identifikasie van E. sakazakii. Die spesifisiteit van die PKR produkte het gewissel tussen 8% en 92%, en Esakf en Esakr is as die akkuraatste geëvalueerde peiler paar geidentifiseer. Die huidige VMA metode vir E. sakazakii deteksie vereis hersiening aangesien meer sensitiewe, spesifieke en akkurate deteksiemetodes voortdurend beskikbaar word. 'n Nuwe metode, gebaseer op die resultate van hierdie studie, word voorgestel vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii in voedsel- en omgewingsmonsters. Die voorgestelde metode vervang die kwekingsstap op violet rooi gal glukose agar (VRGGA) en TSA deur kweking op chromogeniese DFI of ES agars. Verder word die oksidase toets, geel pigment produksie en API biochemiese profiele van vermoeidelike E. sakazakii isolate vervang deur DNS volgorde bepaling en/of spesie-spesifieke PKR met die mees spesifieke peiler paar (Esakf and Esakf) vir die identifikasie en bevestiging van E. sakazakii. Die voorgestelde wysigings van die VMA metode sal die tydsduur van E. sakazakii identifikasie van 7 dae na 4 dae verminder, en behoort ook meer sensitief, spesifiek en akkuraat te wees vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii. 'n Nuwe PKR-gebaseerde metode wat tussen lewensvatbare en dooie E. sakazakii selle kan onderskei is in hierdie studie ontwikkel. Dit is bereik deur die onomkeerbare binding van bakteriële DNS aan lig-geaktiveerde EMA of PMA om die PKR amplifisering van dooie selle te voorkom. Konsentrasies van 50 en 100 μg.ml-1 PMA het PKR amplifikasie heeltemal geïnhibeer, terwyl geen inhibisie van lewensvatbare selle bespeur kon word nie. EMA was ook suksesvol in die voorkoming van die PKR amplifikasie van dooie selle, alhoewel daar ook 'n mate van DNS inhibisie was tydens die amplifikasie van lewensvatbare selle. PMA-PKR kan ook van nut wees vir die assessering van die doeltreffendheid van prosesseringstegnieke, en ook vir die waarneming van die weerstandigheid, oorlewingsstrategieë en stresresponse van E. sakazakii. Dit sal 'n belangrike stap wees in pogings om E. sakazakii van voedsel en voedsel produksieomgewings te elimineer.
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Nhlapo, Nthabiseng. "Hygiene and nutritional content of the National School Nutrition Programme in Bloemfontein, South Africa." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/180.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Environmental Health)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2013
Malnutrition and concomitant infections are major contributing factors to child morbidity and mortality in developing countries such as South Africa. Globally, children benefiting from school feeding programmes are generally from communities with low socio-economic statuses. The meals provided through feeding schemes, such as the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in South Africa, are aimed at significantly supplementing the beneficiaries’ daily energy and nutrient requirements. The possible nutrient deficiency of meals provided through such programmes compromises the nutritional well-being of children, promotes malnutrition and renders children more susceptible to infectious diseases. Furthermore, illness, particularly caused by diarrhoeal and infectious diseases, is a major factor contributing to child malnutrition as the human body is unable to efficiently digest foods and absorb nutrients during illness. Therefore, the microbiological safety of the foods served to children via feeding schemes is essential. In an effort to contribute towards the safety and wholesomeness of foodstuffs served through the NSNP, the present study was conducted with a view to assess the nutritional quality and safety of the foodstuffs. The knowledge, attitudes and practises (KAP) of food handlers and NSNP representatives/committee members at the schools were also investigated in order to assess origins of potential food contamination. Data collected via nutritional analyses of meals served to school children were compared to the nutrient-based standards set by the United Kingdom as guidelines for an average school lunch. The carbohydrate, energy, calcium and zinc contents of the school meals were below the standards, the majority of the meals met the protein and iron standards and all meals complied with the standards for lipid and vitamin C contents. During the microbiological analysis study, preparation surfaces yielded higher counts of all detected organisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts and moulds) compared to the hands of food handlers. Therefore possible sources of contamination may be foodstuffs, animal pests and environmental elements such as dust. However, significant differences of surface microbial counts could not be established (P > 0.05) and thus cross-contamination may have resulted among surfaces, possibly augmented by shortfalls in cleaning regimes. The majority of the participants of the questionnaire survey reportedly washed their hands and cleaned all surfaces several times during the day with water and detergent. In addition, a disinfectant was used by some of the food preparers during cleaning. Furthermore, participants stated that their aprons were washed daily. These claims were in agreement with the findings of the surface microbial study with regards to the hands, however, they did not match the findings of the preparation surfaces which contained the highest counts of total coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus of the three surfaces analysed, and aprons responsible for the highest yeast and mould counts. Improper storage and food preparation methods, such as the application of high temperatures, excessive exposure to UV light and oxygen, and high moisture conditions, may result in the deterioration of nutrients. Storage conditions which may permit pest infestation may also increase the risk of food-related illnesses and risk could be further elevated by application of improper cleaning and sanitation practices. In order for the NSNP to operate effectively, it is essential that the national and provincial Departments of Basic Education, which are responsible for the overall administration of the NSNP, and schools’ personnel function in an integrated manner through support structures and effective communication. Infrastructural limitations (lack of proper kitchen facilities and ventilation) and shortage of resources while administering the NSNP were the main challenges observed during the present study. Due to these hurdles, adhering to food safety practices and maintaining nutritional quality of foods may be a challenge. Continuous training in personal and general hygiene is also a necessity in preserving food safety. Furthermore, nutritional quality of foodstuffs may be preserved through proper storage practices and application of preparation methods which minimize loss of nutrients.
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Palcich, Gabriela. "Ocorrência de Enterobacter sakazakii no ambiente de lactários de Maternidades da Grande São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-31012018-174253/.

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Enterobacter sakazakii é um bacilo Gram-negativo, pertencente à família Enterobacterieceae. Este microrganismo vem ganhando a atenção das autoridades de saúde pública ao redor do mundo, não tanto pela morbidade, que é baixa, mas pela elevada taxa de mortalidade que varia de 40-80%. O patógeno afeta principalmente recém-nascidos de baixo peso e bebês com até seis meses de idade. Em comum, estas crianças têm o fato de serem alimentadas com fórmula infantil desidratada, a base de leite. Em nosso país ainda não existem muitos estudos sobre a ocorrência deste patógeno em fórmulas infantis, nem no ambiente de preparo das mesmas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições de produção de mamadeiras para recém-nascidos em maternidades da Grande São Paulo, além de determinar a população de E. sakazakii em fórmulas infantis desidratadas e reidratadas. A população de Enterobacteriaceae e a presença de E. sakazakii também foram avaliadas em amostras ambientais, de utensílios e mão de manipuladores. Avaliou se ainda o comportamento do patógeno em fórmula infantil reidratada simulando as condições de oferecimento aos bebês. Coletou-se amostras de três hospitais maternidades diferentes (A-escola/B-público/C-particular) e analisou-se a presença de E. sakazakii usando método ISO. Para fórmulas desidratadas e reidratadas usou-se a mesma metodologia e a técnica de número mais provável (NMP). A população de Enterobacteriaceae foi determinada usando-se PetrifilmTM 3M. E. sakazakii foi detectada em duas amostras do Hospital A (na sobra da mamadeira que voltou do berçário e de uma amostra da lata lacrada da fórmula infantil desidratada. A população nesta amostra foi de 0,03 NMP/100g.) No Hospital B, foi detectada em apenas uma amostra (na esponja de lavagem das mamadeiras contaminadas). No Hospital C, E. sakazakii não foi detectada nas amostras analisadas. Quanto à população de Enterobacteriaceae nos lactários, observou-se uma variação, sendo que as amostras colhidas no hospital C foram as que apresentaram populações mais elevadas. As cepas de E. sakazakii isoladas apresentaram comportamento similar àquele da cepa padrão, ocorrendo um aumento de 2 log na população do patógeno quando simulou-se as condições de serviço das fórmulas, via naso-gástrica, aos bebês nos berçários.
Enterobacter sakazakii is a bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is considered an opportunistic pathogen that has been gaining attention from health authorities all over the world. While morbidity associated with this bacterium is low, mortality rates can range from 40-80%. The pathogen affects mainly low-birth-weight neonates (first 28 days), but babies less than 6 month old are also at risk. Powdered infant formula has been incriminated as the possible source of the microorganism to the infected babies. ln Brazil, as in several other countries, there is scarce information regarding the incidence of E. sakazakii in powdered infant formula, in reconstituted formula, and in milk kitchens areas in hospitals. The objective of this study was to evaluated the presence of E. sakazakii in the environment, utensils, handlers, powdered and rehydrated infant formula from milk kitchens from different maternity wards in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Moreover, it was evaluated the behavior of the pathogen in rehydrated infant formula. Samples were collected from 3 hospitals maternities (A-school/B-public/C-particular) and analyzed for E. sakazakii using the ISO method. For formula (powdered or rehydrated) the MPN technique was used. Enterobacteriaceae population was determined using PetrifilmTM 3M. E. sakazakii was found in one unopened formula can collected from Hospital A (0,03 MPN/100g), although the pathogen could not be detected in other cans from the same lot. E. sakazakii was also found in leftovers from one nursing bottle from the same hospital and from one cleaning sponge from Hospital B. E. sakazakii was not detected in none of the samples from Hospital C. A variation in Enterobacteriaceae population in milk kitchens was observed. Samples collected in Hospital C presented the highest population. Isolated strains of E. sakazakii presented similar behavior to standard strains, When spiked in rehidrated infant formula. A 2 log increase in the population of the pathogen was observed when simulating the conditions of formula administration to the babies by naso-gastric tubing.
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Costa, Estela, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Modulation of the immune system in the mammalian intestine as an alternate explanation for the action of antimicrobial growth promoters / Estela Costa." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2627.

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The novel hypothesis that antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) function by modulating the mammalian immune system was tested. Sampling methods to characterize the mucosa-associated microbiota of the murine intestine by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis indicated that direct plug extraction was superior to wash methods. Using T-RFLP analysis, non-therapeutic administration of chlortetracycline (CTC) and sulfamethazine to beef cattle did not affect the composition of bacterial communities associated with intestinal mucosa and in digesta, with exception of those associated with mucosa of the proximal jejunum. Similarly, oral administration of non-therapeutic concentrations of CTC did not affect the mucosa-associated microbiota of the murine intestine. Oral administration of nontherapeutic concentrations of CTC prevented weight loss, reduced pathologic changes, modulated transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines in C. rodentium-infected mice, and did not consistently affect the colonic microbiota. These findings support the hypothesis that AGP primarily function by modulating the intestinal immune system.
xiv, 160 leaves ; 29 cm
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Spooner, Ashley. "The mercury contamination in fish and the subsequent public health effects." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/ASpooner2007.pdf.

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Senior Honors thesis--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2007.
"May 2006"--T.p. Date of submission on Certification of Authorship page: 4/16/07. Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 26, 2007). Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Health aspects of Food contamination"

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Great Britain. Steering Group on Food Surveillance. Food surveillance, 1985-1988: Progress report of the Steering Group on Food Surveillance (1988) : the twenty-fourth report of the Steering Group on Food Surveillance. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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Hunter, Beatrice Trum. Infectious connections: How short-term foodborne infections can lead to long-term health problems. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications, 2009.

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Tham, Wilhelm A. Public health aspects of on-farm manufactured cheese: A bacteriological study of goat cheese. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1989.

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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Geneva: World Health Organization ; IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety, 1993.

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Additives, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Organization, World Health, and International Program on Chemical Safety., eds. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the World Health Organization, 1987.

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Additives, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants in food. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.

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Steinman, David. Dietfor a poisoned planet: How to choose safe foods for you and your family. New York: Harmony Books, 1990.

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Steinman, David. Diet for a poisoned planet: How to choose safe foods for you and your family. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health aspects of Food contamination"

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Azad, Z. R. Azaz Ahmad, Mohd Fahim Ahmad, and Waseem Ahmad Siddiqui. "Food Spoilage and Food Contamination." In Health and Safety Aspects of Food Processing Technologies, 9–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24903-8_2.

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Lehel, József, and Sadhbh Murphy. "Microplastics in the Food Chain: Food Safety and Environmental Aspects." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/398_2021_77.

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Casadei, Enrico. "Hygienic Aspects of Food Quality." In Food Quality, Nutrition and Health, 69–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59639-1_8.

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Emmambux, M. Naushad. "Chapter 11 Starch: Nutritional and Health Aspects." In Carbohydrates in Food, 579–626. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372822-12.

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Mansour, Sameeh A. "Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Food." In Practical Food Safety, 235–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118474563.ch13.

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Rice, Rip G. "Health and Safety Aspects of Ozone Processing." In Ozone in Food Processing, 265–88. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118307472.ch15.

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Raben, Anne. "Chapter 3 Health Aspects of Mono- and Disaccharides." In Carbohydrates in Food, 93–146. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372822-4.

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Zahoor, Insha, and Farhana Mehraj Allai. "Food Antioxidants: Functional Aspects and Preservation During Food Processing." In Functional Food Products and Sustainable Health, 131–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4716-4_9.

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Nazir, Sadaf, and Z. R. Azaz Ahmad Azad. "Food Nanotechnology: An Emerging Technology in Food Processing and Preservation." In Health and Safety Aspects of Food Processing Technologies, 567–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24903-8_20.

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Tabassum, Nazia, Sweta Joshi, and Rayees Ul Islam. "Functional and Nutritional Aspects of Hydrocolloids and Lipids." In Functional Food Products and Sustainable Health, 169–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4716-4_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health aspects of Food contamination"

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Nopriani, Putri Mustika, Hartati Eko Wardani, Supriyadi, and Agung Kurniawan. "Association Between Food Handlers Hygiene and Food Sanitation to the Contamination of Salmonella Sp. on Sempol." In The 3rd International Conference on Sports Sciences and Health 2019 (ICSSH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.201107.027.

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Priha, E. "25. Health and Environmental Aspects of PCB Contamination Due to Old Polysulfide Sealants." In AIHce 2003. AIHA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2757911.

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Thoriqoh, Hanifatun Nisa Ath, Budi Haryanto, and Ela Laelasari. "The Association between Food Hygiene and the Escherichia Coli Contamination on School Snack at Elementary School in Cakung Subdistrict, East Jakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.13.

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Background: Unsafe food hygiene poses threats for becoming disease transmission. The most common of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food hygiene and the contamination of escherichia coli bacteria on school snack. Subejcts and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cakung, East Jakarta from December 2016 to January 2017. A sample of 60 food handlers from a total of 147 foods handlers’ population was selected by cluster sampling. The dependent variable was E. coli bateria. The independent variables were proper hand washing, food serving aids, proper equipment washing, types of selling facilities, sanitation facilities, the placement of cooked food, and food preparation. The data were collected by laboratory test result and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. Results: As many as 45% of the positive snacks were contaminated with E. coli bacteria. E. coli bacterial contamination on food was related to the practice of using food serving aids (OR= 5.00; 95% CI= 1.19 to 20.92; p= 0.044), a place to store cooked food (OR= 6.11; 95% CI = 1.73 to 21.59; p = 0.007) and method of presentation (OR = 7.14; 95% CI = 1.43 to 35.57; p = 0.002). Conclusion: The incidence of Escherichia coli contamination on food is related to the practice of using food serving aids, the placement of cooked food and food serving. Keywords: Escherichia coli, school snack Corresponden: Hanifatun Nisa Ath Thoriqoh. Public Health Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: hanifatunnisa10@gmail.com. Mobile: 081808157745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.13
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Sari, Fifian Permata, and Munajat Munajat. "Mapping of Food Security Based on Aspects of Food Access and Availability of Rice in Ogan Komering Ulu District." In International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.013.

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Grigorieva, Roza, and Natalya Kostina. "SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF FOOD DEVELOPMENT FOR WORKERS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-32.

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The paper deals with aspects of the development of new products for employees of industrial enterprises on the example of PJSC "Cox". Marketing research was carried out in order to obtain information about the state of nutrition and consumer preferences of employees of PJSC "Cox". The possibility of joint use of pectin and pectin-containing raw materials for the enrichment of bakery products and sweet dishes has been established.
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Putri, Gading Giovani, and Yoanita Indra Kumala Dewi. "The Correlation of Sanitary Conditions, Food Handler’s Hygienic Practices, and Eschericia coli Contamination of Pecel Tumpang in Kediri City, Indonesia." In The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007510801630168.

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Suratno, Suratno, and Rachma Puspitasari. "Health benefit value selenium (HBV-Se): A food safety index from mercury (Hg) contamination in marine fish consumption." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064309.

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SILVA, SÉRGIO E. LEMOS DA, SAMANTHA CRISTINE BALDUINO, KETHLEN TAINAH XAVIER RIBEIRO, RUTHELE CAMATA MENEZES, MARIA LUíSA MAURICIO FREITAS, and MARIA LUíSA NASCIUTTI MARRA. "CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BOVINE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO HEALTH-DISEASE PROCESS IN POPULATION." In II South Florida Congress of Health. brazco, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/iisfchv2022.0007.

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Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, caused by protozoa of the Cryptosporidium genus. In cattle, the main species involved is Cryptosporidium parvum, considered to be an important agent that causes diarrhea in naturally infected neonates, which can lead to death. This article sought to investigate and describe, based on a literature search, aspects related to the epidemiological chain, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prophylaxis of bovine cryptosporidiosis (CB), in order to improve knowledge of the health-disease process in the population. The results showed that the disease is transmitted by the oro-fecal route, through the ingestion of food and water contaminated by sporulated oocysts of the agent. The asymptomatic picture is related to infection of the abomasum by Cryptosporidium andersoni in adult animals and by Cryptosporidium bovis or cervid genotype in weaned calves. Symptomatic symptoms usually appear in calves up to 30 days of age. The morbidity and mortality of the disease are high and low, respectively, affecting mainly lactating animals. It was concluded that investigations related to CB are fundamental to establish the clinical diagnosis and control and prevention measures of the disease.
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Филатова, Анастасия Александровна, and Елена Ивановна Козленко. "INCREASING HEALTH WITHIN NUTRITION." In Psychology, Sports science and Medicine (Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение): сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/221030.2022.12.55.008.

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Система питания - достаточно широкое понятие, используемое для описания комплексного процесса, включающего выбор пищи, оценку и расчет ее питательной и энергетической ценности, поступление в организм и последующих ее превращений, включая метаболизм и выведение. Нутрициология подходит к питанию комплексно, углубляясь в состав и качество продуктов. Это наука о питании во всех его аспектах: от химии, биологии, молекул и клеток. The nutrition system is a fairly broad concept used to describe a complex process that includes food selection, assessment and calculation of its nutritional and energy value, intake and subsequent transformations, including metabolism and excretion. Nutriciology approaches nutrition in a complex way, delving into the composition and quality of products. It is the science of nutrition in all its aspects: from chemistry, biology, molecules and cells.
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Kurakin, Mikhail, and E. V. Nefedova. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BISCUIT FOR A CONFECTIONERY ROLL IN ORDER TO EXPAND THE RANGE OF SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-68.

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Reports on the topic "Health aspects of Food contamination"

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Rajmohan, N., and S. A. Prathapar. Extent of arsenic contamination and its impact on the food chain and human health in the eastern Ganges Basin: a review. International Water Management Institute (IWMI)., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2014.224.

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Zhou, Ting, Roni Shapira, Peter Pauls, Nachman Paster, and Mark Pines. Biological Detoxification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) to Improve Safety of Animal Feed and Food. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613885.bard.

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The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of grains, is produced by members of the Fusarium genus. DON poses a health risk to consumers and impairs livestock performance because it causes feed refusal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic effects and cellular injury. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The overall objective of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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Frieson, Kate Grace. A Gender Assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2785.

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This gender assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China, responds to the requirement of AusAID that all strategies affecting human health, food security and poverty alleviation incorporate a gender perspective as women are not often included in the technical and community based aspects of programs relating to animal health and disease control. Gender roles and responsibilities affect women’s and men’s ability and incentive to participate in FMD roadmap activities, and can potentially lead to different project impacts for men and women.
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Haynes, Dr Edward, Chris Conyers, Dr Marc Kennedy, Roy Macarthur, Sam McGreig, and Dr John Walshaw. What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods? Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bsv485.

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This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and find ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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Semaan, Dima, and Linda Scobie. Feasibility study for in vitro analysis of infectious foodborne HEV. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wfa626.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the Hepeviridae family capable of infecting humans producing a range of symptoms from mild disease to kidney failure. Epidemiological evidence suggests that hepatitis E genotype III and IV cases may be associated with the consumption of undercooked pork meat, offal and processed products such as sausages [1]. A study carried out by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), found hepatitis E virus contamination in the UK pork production chain and that 10% of a small sample of retail pork sausages were contaminated with the virus [2]. Furthermore, studies have confirmed the presence of HEV in the food chain and the foodborne transmission of Hepatitis E virus to humans [reviewed in 5]. Likewise, Scottish shellfish at retail [6] have also been found positive for HEV viral nucleic acid and some preliminary studies indicate that the virus is also detectable in soft fruits (L Scobie; unpublished data). There are current misunderstandings in what this data represents, and these studies have raised further questions concerning the infectivity of the virus, the processing of these foods by industry and the cooking and/or preparation by caterers and consumers. There are significant gaps in the knowledge around viral infectivity, in particular the nature of the preparation of food matrices to isolate the virus, and also with respect to a consistent and suitable assay for confirming infectivity [1,3]. Currently, there is no suitable test for infectivity, and, in addition, we have no knowledge if specific food items would be detrimental to cells when assessing the presence of infectious virus in vitro. The FSA finalised a comprehensive critical review on the approaches to assess the infectivity of the HEV virus which is published [3] recommending that a cell culture based method should be developed for use with food. In order to proceed with the development of an infectivity culture method, there is a requirement to assess if food matrices are detrimental to cell culture cell survival. Other issues that may have affected the ability to develop a consistent method are the length of time the virally contaminated sample is exposed to the cells and the concentration of the virus present. In most cases, the sample is only exposed to the cells for around 1 hour and it has been shown that if the concentration is less that 1x103 copies then infection is not established [3,5,10,11].
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Anderson, Sharron, Antony Lloyd, Malcom Baxter, Michael Walls, and Victoria Bailey-Horne. Turmeric survey – Final report. Food Standards Agency, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ojv940.

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The consumption of turmeric supplements is increasingly popular and is reported to provide numerous health benefits including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anticarcinogenic, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiplatelet activities [1]. However, in recent months there has been a number of reports of hepatotoxicity linked to the consumption of these supplements. Such reports and scientific publications led to a review of the safety of turmeric and curcumin by the UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT). The statement issued by COT in November 2019 concluded “Given past reported contamination issues with turmeric supplements, the Committee concluded that there would be value in commissioning a chemical analysis of turmeric supplements and raw/powdered turmeric available on the UK market”. To address this conclusion the FSA requested Fera to: develop and validate in-house method(s) for measuring curcumin in turmeric containing supplements, ground/powdered turmeric and raw/fresh turmeric develop and validate in-house a method for measuring piperine in turmeric containing supplements purchase turmeric containing supplements (n=15), ground/powdered turmeric (n=10) and raw/fresh turmeric (n=5) from a mixture of local outlets and over the internet analyse all 30 samples for trace elements and curcumin analyse all supplement samples for piperine content.
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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming
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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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