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Academic literature on the topic 'Health aspects of Forest products industry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Health aspects of Forest products industry"

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Martínez Núñez, M., and L. Díaz Balteiro. "The forest products industry in Spain. Productive, organization and environmental aspects." Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 16, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/srf/2007162-01008.

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SOMESHWAR, ARUN V., JAY P. UNWIN, WILLIAM THACKER, LAUREL EPPSTEIN, and BARRY MALMBERG. "Environmental aspects of wood residue combustion in forest products industry boilers." March 2011 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.3.27.

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We conducted a comprehensive review of air emissions resulting from burning wood residues in industrial boilers and potential methods to control these emissions. This report compares average emissions with similar data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the burning of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas in industrial boilers. As compared with coal or oil combustion, wood combustion in boilers generally leads to lower emissions of trace metals, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx); higher emissions of carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and total volatile organic compounds; and comparable emissions of particulate matter and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) (both of which are highly dependent on the efficiency of the ultimate particulate matter control device). Most importantly, wood combustion is carbon dioxide-neutral, a distinct advantage over fossil fuel combustion. Firing wood in stoker units with sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal and oil, leads to a reduction in expected SO2 emissions because of the high carbon and alkali content of most wood ash, and cofiring wood with coal also has some benefits for NOx reduction. This report also discusses the generation and types of combustion ashes resulting from wood burning in mostly combination boilers in the United States and Canada, and provides an overview of ash management practices and the salient characteristics of such ashes relative to their trace metal, organic, and PCDD/F contents.

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Hansen, Eric, Heikki Juslin, and Chris Knowles. "Innovativeness in the global forest products industry: exploring new insights." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 8 (August 2007): 1324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-323.

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Innovativeness is a concept that has seen extensive study, yet there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the phenomenon. This is especially true when considering views of practitioners as well as specific industry sectors, such as the forest products industry. The qualitative work described here explores the concept of innovativeness from the perspective of forest industry managers. Managers consistently described five aspects of what it means to be an innovative company: (i) new, (ii) creating the “right” culture, (iii) managing the market–customer link, (iv) being a leader, and (v) a focus on the future. Similar to past research, managers identified new or improved products, processes, and business systems as areas within which a firm can be innovative. Results also outline challenges that firms face as they attempt to become innovative, how they would go about measuring innovativeness, and how they build innovative capacity. Based on these findings, we suggest that firms have significant opportunities to increase innovativeness and, thereby, enhance competitiveness.

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Cleveland, Cutler J., and David I. Stern. "Productive and exchange scarcity: an empirical analysis of the U.S. forest products industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-194.

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This paper has two aims: clarification of several aspects of the debate on the appropriateness of various indicators of natural resource scarcity and the empirical analysis of the trends in the scarcity of forest products in the U.S. Two distinct types of indicators are developed in the natural resource scarcity literature, which we term exchange scarcity and productive scarcity. In the neoclassical paradigm, the former is measured by price and rental rates, and the latter by unit cost. In the biophysical literature, productive scarcity is measured by quality-weighted measures of unit energy cost. We test econometrically for trends in lumber prices in the long-run period 1800–1990, for trends in stumpage prices between 1910 and 1989, and for trends in productive scarcity indicators in the shorter 1947–1990 period. The empirical evidence indicates that the growth in the price of forest products as compared with other manufactured goods, and in the rental rate of timberland, levelled off during the post-war period in the U.S. Nevertheless, these commodities are today much more scarce than in the historic past. From the end of the 1950s, absolute and relative productive scarcity declined as measured by all indicators. The levelling off of the price of forest products after 150 years of increase is consistent with economic theory that predicts that prices reach a plateau when extraction from old-growth forests is replaced by forest plantations and replanting in general.

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Tuharno, Tuharno, Hartuti Purnaweni, and Fuad Muhammad. "Policy on Timber Legality Verification System for Sustainable Public Procurement and Green Products." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912510001.

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Forest natural resources in Indonesia are one of the contributors to the fulfilment of human life and development capital. However, the use of forest resources without regard to aspects of sustainability will cause damage and even extinction of the forest. Therefore, green products today have become stronger demands from various groups. The procurement of goods/services within the government has been implementing a Sustainable Public Procurement that fulfils 3 (three) aspects, namely, economic, social and environmental interests. This paper observes Timber Legality Verification System policies in supporting the provision of green products for the forestry sector and Sustainable Public Procurement that will support the achievement of sustainable development. Timber Legality Verification System policy guarantees the provision of wood products by wood processing industry that contributes to realizing good forest governance to combat illegal logging and illegal trade, as well as support improvement in environmental quality. One strategy in fulfilling green products and implementing a Sustainable Public Procurement is to use timber products that have been certified with timber legality. The policy for the use of certified wood products needs to be supported by the implementation rules and information on the list of green products and technical guidelines for the procurement.

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Tatum, Vickie, Alison E. Ray, and David Rovell-Rixx. "Performance of the RespiCon™ Personal Aerosol Sampler in Forest Products Industry Workplaces." AIHA Journal 63, no. 3 (May 2002): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428110208984719.

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Spinazze, Maria C., and Shashi Kant. "Market potential for certified forest (wood) products in Ontario, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75039-1.

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This study, conducted in the fall of 1997, documents: i) consumer perceptions regarding environmental marketing; ii) consumer willingness to purchase certified forest (wood) products and to pay a premium for such products; iii) variations in premium across products and prices; and, iv) levels of awareness and acceptance of certification within the forest industry. Analysis indicates that Ontario consumers are environmentally conscious. The mean response of consumers indicates that they are willing to pay a 10% premium for nearly all certified products. In some cases, premium varies with the price of certified products; low-price furniture items command a higher premium than do high-price furniture products. Approximately 90% of consumers prefer to purchase certified furniture and lumber products over non-certified, and 73% of consumers prefer to purchase recycled paper products over certified paper products. Generally, awareness and acceptance of certification among primary producers and re- manufacturers are low. Only 39% of respondents indicate a willingness to pay a 10% premium for certified products, but almost all respondents are willing to purchase certified forest products if all other aspects, such as price and quality, are equal. Separation of certified and non-certified wood and wood products may pose a problem for many companies. Key words: forest certification premium, green premium, market segmentation, niche markets

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Gołos, Piotr, and Adam Kaliszewski. "Aspects of using wood biomass for energy production." Forest Research Papers 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2015-0009.

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Abstract This article presents the most important aspects relevant to forest-derived biomass utilization for the purposes of energy production by professional energy providers. The issues discussed here are divided into four groups: environmental, social, economic and technological aspects of biomass utilization in energy production. The environmental part focuses on the effects of intensive use of leftovers from timber harvest on forest ecosystems as well as the problem of ash utilization. Economic and social problems include the costs of energy production from timber, consequences of intensified fuel wood demand for the state of the timber and paper industry as well as the impact on the labor market. The technology section of the article covers questions related to the harvest and transport of forest-derived biomass. We conclude that, before regarding it as an energy source, wood should be mainly used for the production of timber due to the necessity and difficulty of considering all of the above-mentioned diverse aspects of energy production. Wood should be used for the production of energy only after its usage as timber products and their recycling.

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Drewiske, Greg W., and Austin Kalcec. "Assessing the Health of an Electrical System: An Approach From the Forest Products Industry." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 26, no. 4 (July 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2020.2981099.

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Nowakowski, Przemysław. "Health and ecological aspects in shaping of furniture equipment." BUILDER 284, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7426.

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The choice of furniture does not only affect the comfort of one’s life or work space. Materials utilized in furniture production may contribute to the quality of chemical microclimate in rooms and have an influence on the users’ health. Plenty of substances used in the furniture industry have negative effects on human health. These effects are usually of low intensity. However, they occur over a long period of time and as a result they may even lead directly to permanent health problems. Consumer lifestyle boosts frequent changes in interior decoration. The changes include mainly replacing furniture and household appliances. The furniture industry offers a wide range of products to satisfy the growing needs of buyers. Mass production results in a significant increase in the exploitation of natural resources and (often) leads to degradation of the natural environment. The downsides of mass furniture production are usually considered only in terms of utilizing various resources. Producers, however, implement measures to reduce the consumption of materials and energy. Their aim is to cut the production costs and lower the final price of manufactured goods. Worn out furniture, produced from highly processed materials is not biodegradable. Such waste is a heavy burden on the natural environment. The paper describes „the life cycle” of furniture items and presents a critical analysis of raw materials and intermediate products used in the furniture industry in the context of sustainable development (the impact on human health and on the condition of the natural environment). It may serve as a means to promote pro-health and pro-environmental awareness. A thorough assessment of the furniture available on the market may facilitate in making conscious decisions which will also take into consideration additional technical criteria. The choice of furniture neutral for people as well as for the environment is not an easy task and often involves higher spending.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health aspects of Forest products industry"

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Rothpfeffer, Caroline. "From wood to waste and waste to wood : aspects on recycling waste products from the pulp mill to the forest soil /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200783.pdf.

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Christie, Candice Jo-Anne. "A field investigation of physical workloads imposed on harvesters in South African forestry." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/246/.

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Cohen, David H. "The adoption of innovative wood processing technologies in the building products industry." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54508.

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The strategic importance of the adoption of innovative processing technologies was analyzed for building products businesses. This study examined the two components of wood building products businesses: the structural panel industry and the softwood Iumber industry. To ensure that the relevance of adopting of innovative processing technologies was examined within an accurate contextual environment, additional important strategies and performance were also measured. A mail survey of the seventy-five largest North American producers of these two products provided the primary data necessary to investigate the strategic importance of process technology adoption, forward vertical integration, relative market share, grade sector focus, and investment intensity on firm performance as measured by profitability surrogates and changes in relative market share. This survey collected direct measures of the proportion of 1987 production produced by respondent firms that used controlled distribution channels and each of twentythree processes indicative of innovative technologies in the manufacture of building products. Information concerning the other strategic and performance factors was collected from secondary data sources. Results indicate that the adoption of innovative processing technologies has a positive impact on firm profitability. Investment intensity and grade sector focus also contributed to superior profitability. Forward vertical integration, and relative market share had no impact in differences between performance levels for the firms studied. Technologies were examined for underlying dimensions that group different process technologies together. Firms were clustered according to their level of adoption of innovative processing technologies and these clusters were then described according to a variety of firm-dependent characteristics, strategies, and performance measures. A strategy-performance model was developed for standardized, industrial product-markets and empirically tested using the data collected for the building products industry as an industry representative of this type of competitive environment.
Ph. D.

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Crowther, Kevin D. "Economic factors influencing industrial landowner assistance programs on private forest land in the south." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42416.

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Deaton, Stuart A. "A comparison of potential agricultural and forestry investment returns for Virginia's marginal lands." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43747.

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Steenkamp, Jacob Cornelus. "The effect of HIV and AIDS on the viability and management of forestry contracting businesses in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/735.

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The aim of the research is to quantify the HIV prevalence in human resources of forestry contracting businesses and to develop a management framework to promote economic sustainability of forestry contractors. HIV tests were conducted in the forest industry on the employees of contracting concerns from 2002/2003 to 2004/2005 with an accompanying questionnaire to collect demographic data. The HIV test results were analyzed with the demographic data to determine relationships between HIV prevalence and demographic factors. Contractors responded to a questionnaire on the effect of HIV and AIDS prevalence on (their) contracting businesses. The questionnaire also collected information about HIV and AIDS interventions and assistance to HIV and AIDS affected employees. Key stakeholders of other forestry sub-sectors were interviewed to facilitate comparison of the different sub-sectors and to establish if there were major differences between the sub-sectors, however, the focus was on the human resources of the forestry contracting sub-sector. The research results indicated that the HIV prevalence was increasing for the research period and was, in some regions, exceeding 40 per cent. The highest prevalence was recorded in the Highveld and Zululand regions and the lowest prevalence in the North-Eastern Cape. The HIV prevalence for females was constantly higher than the incidence for males and the ratio of males to females (all regions) approximated 68 per cent to 32 per cent. The high prevalence of HIV results in major social and economic impacts. The economic impact is aggravated through regulation (due to perceived market failure) and a bid for more equal distribution of wealth in the economy. The result of the sum of the impacts alludes to a conversion from labour to capital; however, to make well-informed decisions, various scenarios should be simulated to establish the optimum labour to capital ratio. The research further established that appropriate staffing is increasingly difficult and that the development of human capital is under pressure due to the high prevalence of HIV and AIDS. HIV and AIDS mitigation programmes will make a significant contribution to the return on human capital assets, as the economic life and productivity of such assets will be enhanced by such interventions. The management framework developed was assessed to be visually acceptable and useful by domain experts; however, to realise the full potential of the framework it should be used with anticipation of the research results regarding prevalence and future estimated AIDS releases and in conjunction with industry cost simulation models.

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May, Jonathan Paul. "An understanding of corporate social investment within the context of the Sappi Forest Products Division in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/495/.

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Lusso, Cary D. "A study on reducing primary transport costs in the South African timber industry." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2780.

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Harvesting and transport accounts for up to 70% of the total production cost of roundwood in South Africa. This invokes an interest to improve harvesting systems through the introduction of improved equipment, road networks and more refined operating techniques. A literature review was conducted which investigated the various harvesting systems and equipment with a focus on ground based extraction, as it accounts for 96% of the timber being extracted annually in South Africa. A review of forest roads in South Africa was also conducted and it was concluded that at present there has been little focus on the upgrading and maintenance of forest road networks. It was concluded that the most significant reduction in transport costs would be achieved by reducing the distances travelled by expensive extended pnmary transport (R5.83 t-1.km-1) and by allowing less expensive secondary terminal transport (R0.4 t-1.km-1) to move further into the plantations. This could only be achieved by investing large amounts of capital into the upgrading of forest roads to a standard suitable to service secondary transport vehicles. A model was developed which was able to determine the tonnage of timber needed to flow over a particular road that will warrant the upgrading cost. The model was applied to two study areas, the first study yielded no results due to the already dense network of B- class roads, possibly excessive. The second study area identified three possible road upgrades to improve the existing transport system. A full costing of the existing and modified transport system was completed and a significant cost saving was shown, not accounting for the road upgrading cost. Capital budgets were used to account for more complex parameters, such as tax and discount rates, previously excluded from the simple model. These were used to determine the economic viability of the upgrades and to evaluate the suitability of the model. The model proved to be successful and confirmed that forest roads can be optimised accompanied by significant cost savings. The model is generic and simple allowing for easy application to a variety of situations and is also flexible to modifications.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.

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Tibbets, Ashlee. "Implications of the 2008 Lacey Act amendments : insights from the wood products industry." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26108.

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Export-oriented illegal logging has been recognized as a major global problem in environmental, social, and economic terms. It has been argued that export-oriented illegal logging does not benefit the community or government that should be benefited by its own natural resources. The emergence of policy initiatives targeting illegal logging could have the potential to increase the competitiveness of legally sourced timber products by removing illegal products from the market of the consuming country. The US Lacey Act amendments of 2008 set a precedent for the global trade in plants and plant products by putting in place incentives for US wood products importing companies to demand legally sourced and traded wood. This research addresses how the 2008 Lacey Act amendments have impacted the US wood industry, and how those affected by the amendments view the future of environmental policy and global illegal logging as impacted by the amendments. The majority of respondents in this study agree that steps should be taken to decrease global illegal logging, but some aren't convinced that the Lacey Act amendments will ultimately have the desired effect. According to this research, most US wood importers have made small changes to their operational practices. This study indicates the possibility that though US wood importers feel the responsibility to ensure their companies are compliant with legislation, they are not sure the 2008 Lacey Act amendments will ultimately hinder global illegal logging. Included in this study are also suggestions from US wood importers regarding policy implementation. These suggestions include an increase in communication between the US government and US wood products companies, an increase in future research, and the possibility of focusing the Lacey Act on certain high-risk regions.
Graduation date: 2012

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Dauvergne, Peter. "Shadows in the forest Japan and the politics of timber in Southeast Asia /." Thesis, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38403547.html.

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Books on the topic "Health aspects of Forest products industry"

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Fleming, Scott W. Health risk assessment of mercury contamination in the vicinity of ICI Forest Products, Cornwall, Ontario : report. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

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Consultants, URS. Potential site study for the Cowlitz Cogeneration Project: Submitted to the Washington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council. [Olympia, Wash.?: The Council?, 1992.

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Schlosser, William Earl. The special forest products industry 1989. Pullman, Wash: College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1990.

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Owen, Carlton. America's forest industry: An earth day report. Syracuse, N.Y: State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1990.

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Steele, T. W. Manitoba's forest industry, 1985. Edmonton: Northern Forestry Centre Forestry Canada, 1989.

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Bailes, Jack C. Capital budgeting practices of the forest products industry, 1997. [Corvallis, Ore.]: School of Business, Oregon State University, 1997.

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Kluender, Richard A. An assessment of the forest products industry in the Ozark Region of Arkansas and Missouri. Fayetteville, Ark: Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1996.

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Health risks in forest work: A program for action. Garpenberg: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Operational Efficiency, 1988.

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Mater, Jean. Reinventing the forest industry. Wilsonville, Or: GreenTree Press, 1997.

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Jackson, Kristine C. Recent changes in costs of shipping forest products by rail. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health aspects of Forest products industry"

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Liboreiro, Caroline, and Ana Luisa Daibert Pinto. "Employment of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Method in the Development of Food Products." In Scientific, Health and Social Aspects of the Food Industry. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/32156.

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Morgan, Kevin, Terry Marsden, and Jonathan Murdoch. "The Regulatory World of Agri-food: Politics, Power, and Conventions." In Worlds of Food. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199271580.003.0010.

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The history of agriculture in developed countries over the past seventy years is first and foremost a political history because of the intense interplay between farming and the state. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any other ‘industry’ which has been so comprehensively regulated by the state, over such a long period of time, as agriculture. Even neo-liberal governments in OECD countries have accepted the political compact between farming and the state on account of the ‘exceptionalism’ of agriculture. The rationale for its exceptional status might vary from country to country, but it invariably has something to do with one major aspect that distinguishes agriculture from all other industries: the fact that we ingest its products. In other words, the centrality of agriculture to human health is far and away the most important reason why many countries have sought to ensure a measure of food security by protecting their national farm sectors through permutations of production subsidies, price supports, and import controls—the origins of which stretch back to the 1930s in the case of the US and as far back as the nineteenth-century Corn Laws in the case, for example, of the UK. Agricultural history can be read in a number of different ways. The most polarized readings are the productivist and the ecological interpretations. The productivist discourse, which emphasizes the phenomenal productivity gains that have been achieved since the Second World War, is essentially a story of unalloyed economic success due to a tripartite alliance of state, science, and farmers. The ecological discourse, by contrast, points not to the economic benefits of the post-war productivity miracle, but to the social and environmental costs of agricultural intensification. In the US, where intensive farming practices are most advanced, such problems as soil erosion and animal welfare were attributed to the regulatory regime operated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which actively encouraged unsustainable farming practices. Similar connections have been made in Europe, where the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was deemed to be the main culprit.

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Camilleri, Mark Anthony. "The Business of Tourism." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 1–27. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5835-4.ch001.

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This chapter introduces its readers to the concept of tourism. It sheds light on the rationale for tourism, as it explains the tourists' inherent motivations to travel. It also describes different aspects that together make up the tourism industry. Tourists travel to destinations that are accessible to them. They require accommodation if they are visiting a place for more than 24 hours. Leisure and business travelers may also visit attractions and engage themselves in recreational activities. Hence, the tourist destinations should have the right amenities and facilities. In this light, this chapter clarifies how destinations may offer different products to satisfy a wide array of tourists. Tourism products can include urban (or city) tourism, seaside tourism, rural tourism, ecotourism, wine tourism, culinary tourism, health tourism, medical tourism, religious tourism, cultural (or heritage) tourism, sports tourism, educational tourism, business tourism (including meetings, incentives, conferences, and events), among others.

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Tansey, Michael. "What about the Customer? The Patient’s Dilemma." In Intelligent Drug Development. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199974580.003.0016.

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Apparently no one was listening to Sir William. In a study carried out 80 years after Osler’s exhortation, physicians interrupted patients, on average, after 18 seconds (H. Beckman and R. Frankel, 1984). It is common to take for granted the very people who are essential for our continued paid employment and the success of our endeavors, namely our customers. For example, some airline staff refer to passengers as “self-loading freight” or SLF (www. pprune.org), which, though mildly amusing and certainly accurate, is hardly indicative of a warm and friendly service-focused attitude. Attitudes in the pharmaceutical business are no different. Throughout the development and marketing cycles, the emphasis is primarily on satisfying intermediaries such as regulators, opinion leaders, prescribers, and insurers. Important though these intermediaries may be, they are not the customers. Patients are the sole customers. Only patients pay for their drugs (whether directly or through insurance or taxation) and only patients consume pharmaceutical products and experience the benefits and adverse effects. Only patients decide whether or not to continue taking a drug. Put simply, if there were no patients, there would be no pharmaceutical industry. Sir William Osler was talking in the context of clinical history taking and examination, but his comment applies more broadly. Over the past 10 to 15 years, there has been slowly increasing recognition that there are virtually no aspects of development, registration, and commercialization of a drug in which listening to the patient does not improve the outcome. Guidance issued by the FDA (Guidance for Industry, Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, December 2009) has gone a long way in helping to redirect and focus the industry. The implications are broad and go beyond the traditional areas of patient input such as quality of life measures and can significantly influence trial design, approval, labeling, and reimbursement.

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"Research Station at Cambridge and somewhat later at the Wantage Research Laboratories of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment. By the mid- or late 1950s national research programs on food irradiation were also underway in Belgium, Canada, France, The Netherlands, Poland, the Soviet Union, and the Federal Republic of Germany. This early history of food irradiation has been reviewed by Goldblith (9), Goresline (10), and Josephson (11). In 1960 the first books on food irradiation appeared, written by Desrosiers and Rosenstock in the United States (12) and Kuprianoff and Lang in Germany (13). A first international meeting devoted to discussion of wholesomeness and legisla tive aspects of food irradiation was held in Brussels in 1961 (14). In the United Kingdom the report of a government working party on irradiation of food (15) summarized and evaluated the studies done until 1964. The first commercial use of food irradiation occurred in 1957 in the Federal Republic of Germany, when a spice manufacturer in Stuttgart began to improve the hygienic quality of his products by irradiating them with electrons using a Van de Graaff generator (16). The machine had to be dismantled in 1959 when a new food law prohibited the treatment of foods with ionizing radiation, and the company turned to fumigation with ethylene oxide instead. In Canada irradiation of potatoes for inhibition of sprouting was allowed in 1960 and a private company, Newfield Products Ltd., began irradiating potatoes at Mont St. Hilaire, near Montreal, in September 1965. The plant used a 60Co source and was designed to process some 15,000 t of potatoes a month. It closed after only one season, when the company ran into financial difficulties (17). In spite of these setbacks, interest in food irradiation grew worldwide. At the first International Symposium of Food Irradiation, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, and organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), representa tives from 28 countries reviewed the progress made in research laboratories (18). However, health authorities in these countries still hesitated to grant permissions for marketing irradiated foods. At that time only three countries— Canada, the United States, and the Soviet Union— had given clearance for human consump tion of a total of five irradiated foods, all treated with low radiation doses. The food industry had not yet made use of the permissions. Irradiated foods were still not marketed anywhere. Questions about the safety for human consumption of irradiated foods were still hotly debated and this was recognized as the major obstacle to commercial utilization of the new process. As a result of this recognition the International Project in the Field of Food Irradiation (IFIP) was created in 1970, with the specific aim of sponsoring a worldwide research program on the wholesomeness of irradiated foods. Under the sponsorship of the IAEA in Vienna, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Rome, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, 19 countries joined their re sources, with this number later growing to 24 (see Table 1). The World Health." In Safety of Irradiated Foods, 22. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health aspects of Forest products industry"

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Hadley, John G. "Health Aspects of Glass Fiber Products Used in the Automotive Industry." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/910782.

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Fynchina, Khicheza. "The Tax Burden as a Criterion for the Reform in Tax System of the Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00613.

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The most revealing criterion of effectiveness of tax reforms is the level of the tax burden. Optimal way to estimate sectoral tax burden is to use tax burden coefficient for a newly created value. Other indicators of tax burden differ because of over detailing which doesn’t allow making right accentuation in analytical conclusion. This idea is supported by Chick:“in complicated system, the results gained by detailed investigation of particular aspects can’t be generalized over the whole issue of the research…” (Chick, 1864). Based on this, the analysis of structure and the level of tax burden in different branches of economics of the Kyrgyz Republic for the period of 2005 through 2011 was conducted. It was found that main tax burden carries the industry with big inequality. The main tax burden in Kyrgyzstan falls on mineral resource industry (coefficient of tax burden an average of 30), while in manufacturing industry it is one of the lowest indexes (0,68) and in health care (0,63). The structure of tax burden has changed in relation to the introduction of sales tax. In addition there is a big portion in tax burden among almost all sectors of economics and VAT (for domestic products). The ways to reform the tax system are: the harmonization of indirect taxes (for example through the cancellation of the sales tax while increasing the rate of VAT), review of tax exemptions, conditions and methods of supply, the list of taxable supplies, as well as the principles for determining excise goods.

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Yilan, Gulsah, Arif Ozcan, and Tanju Caglar. "Sustainable cardboard label production." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p14.

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Recently, all industrial sectors have shown significantly increasing attention in reaching the sustainability goals regarding economic, environmental, social, and also technological aspects not only at the regional level but also nationwide and even global scale. Aside from being an economically popular concept, sustainability is strictly related to effective resource use and efficient waste disposal. Thus, it functions as a complementary issue to be considered in various production activities. The sustainable production approach includes reducing or (if possible) eliminating the negative impacts on the human health and environment, reducing the waste generated, increasing the recycling rate, and developing energy and material saving processes. The printing industry is one of the most important industries in reaching sustainable production goals. The need for the printed products, which is the focus of this study, is increasing in parallel with the changing consumer expectations and technological developments. However, from the point of the printing industry view, a solid sustainability consensus is not settled among the practitioners, yet. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of the cardboard label production considering several combinations of raw materials such as paper, ink, and surface coating additives via appropriate Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. The most frequently used paper and ink types are considered with three alternatives for each. To indicate the sustainability scores economic, environmental, and social evaluation criteria are selected. By applying the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), the sustainability score of each label is calculated to determine the optimum alternative in terms of the production process and also the material used. This evaluation provides detailed information to the producer and also to the consumer about the alternative production routes to use less energy and raw material, and also to decrease the environmental impacts while sustaining the economic feasibility. Besides, alternative solutions are offered to reach sustainability goals by considering the economic and environmental life cycle impacts of these materials. Hence, an increase in awareness about the printing industry and service channels is expected. Moreover, this study is also important in presenting the applicability of sustainability assessments in the printing industry.

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