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Martínez Núñez, M., and L. Díaz Balteiro. "The forest products industry in Spain. Productive, organization and environmental aspects." Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 16, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/srf/2007162-01008.
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SOMESHWAR, ARUN V., JAY P. UNWIN, WILLIAM THACKER, LAUREL EPPSTEIN, and BARRY MALMBERG. "Environmental aspects of wood residue combustion in forest products industry boilers." March 2011 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.3.27.
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We conducted a comprehensive review of air emissions resulting from burning wood residues in industrial boilers and potential methods to control these emissions. This report compares average emissions with similar data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the burning of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas in industrial boilers. As compared with coal or oil combustion, wood combustion in boilers generally leads to lower emissions of trace metals, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx); higher emissions of carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and total volatile organic compounds; and comparable emissions of particulate matter and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) (both of which are highly dependent on the efficiency of the ultimate particulate matter control device). Most importantly, wood combustion is carbon dioxide-neutral, a distinct advantage over fossil fuel combustion. Firing wood in stoker units with sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal and oil, leads to a reduction in expected SO2 emissions because of the high carbon and alkali content of most wood ash, and cofiring wood with coal also has some benefits for NOx reduction. This report also discusses the generation and types of combustion ashes resulting from wood burning in mostly combination boilers in the United States and Canada, and provides an overview of ash management practices and the salient characteristics of such ashes relative to their trace metal, organic, and PCDD/F contents.
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Hansen, Eric, Heikki Juslin, and Chris Knowles. "Innovativeness in the global forest products industry: exploring new insights." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 8 (August 2007): 1324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-323.
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Innovativeness is a concept that has seen extensive study, yet there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the phenomenon. This is especially true when considering views of practitioners as well as specific industry sectors, such as the forest products industry. The qualitative work described here explores the concept of innovativeness from the perspective of forest industry managers. Managers consistently described five aspects of what it means to be an innovative company: (i) new, (ii) creating the “right” culture, (iii) managing the market–customer link, (iv) being a leader, and (v) a focus on the future. Similar to past research, managers identified new or improved products, processes, and business systems as areas within which a firm can be innovative. Results also outline challenges that firms face as they attempt to become innovative, how they would go about measuring innovativeness, and how they build innovative capacity. Based on these findings, we suggest that firms have significant opportunities to increase innovativeness and, thereby, enhance competitiveness.
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Cleveland, Cutler J., and David I. Stern. "Productive and exchange scarcity: an empirical analysis of the U.S. forest products industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-194.
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This paper has two aims: clarification of several aspects of the debate on the appropriateness of various indicators of natural resource scarcity and the empirical analysis of the trends in the scarcity of forest products in the U.S. Two distinct types of indicators are developed in the natural resource scarcity literature, which we term exchange scarcity and productive scarcity. In the neoclassical paradigm, the former is measured by price and rental rates, and the latter by unit cost. In the biophysical literature, productive scarcity is measured by quality-weighted measures of unit energy cost. We test econometrically for trends in lumber prices in the long-run period 1800–1990, for trends in stumpage prices between 1910 and 1989, and for trends in productive scarcity indicators in the shorter 1947–1990 period. The empirical evidence indicates that the growth in the price of forest products as compared with other manufactured goods, and in the rental rate of timberland, levelled off during the post-war period in the U.S. Nevertheless, these commodities are today much more scarce than in the historic past. From the end of the 1950s, absolute and relative productive scarcity declined as measured by all indicators. The levelling off of the price of forest products after 150 years of increase is consistent with economic theory that predicts that prices reach a plateau when extraction from old-growth forests is replaced by forest plantations and replanting in general.
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Tuharno, Tuharno, Hartuti Purnaweni, and Fuad Muhammad. "Policy on Timber Legality Verification System for Sustainable Public Procurement and Green Products." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912510001.
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Forest natural resources in Indonesia are one of the contributors to the fulfilment of human life and development capital. However, the use of forest resources without regard to aspects of sustainability will cause damage and even extinction of the forest. Therefore, green products today have become stronger demands from various groups. The procurement of goods/services within the government has been implementing a Sustainable Public Procurement that fulfils 3 (three) aspects, namely, economic, social and environmental interests. This paper observes Timber Legality Verification System policies in supporting the provision of green products for the forestry sector and Sustainable Public Procurement that will support the achievement of sustainable development. Timber Legality Verification System policy guarantees the provision of wood products by wood processing industry that contributes to realizing good forest governance to combat illegal logging and illegal trade, as well as support improvement in environmental quality. One strategy in fulfilling green products and implementing a Sustainable Public Procurement is to use timber products that have been certified with timber legality. The policy for the use of certified wood products needs to be supported by the implementation rules and information on the list of green products and technical guidelines for the procurement.
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Tatum, Vickie, Alison E. Ray, and David Rovell-Rixx. "Performance of the RespiCon™ Personal Aerosol Sampler in Forest Products Industry Workplaces." AIHA Journal 63, no. 3 (May 2002): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428110208984719.
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Spinazze, Maria C., and Shashi Kant. "Market potential for certified forest (wood) products in Ontario, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75039-1.
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This study, conducted in the fall of 1997, documents: i) consumer perceptions regarding environmental marketing; ii) consumer willingness to purchase certified forest (wood) products and to pay a premium for such products; iii) variations in premium across products and prices; and, iv) levels of awareness and acceptance of certification within the forest industry. Analysis indicates that Ontario consumers are environmentally conscious. The mean response of consumers indicates that they are willing to pay a 10% premium for nearly all certified products. In some cases, premium varies with the price of certified products; low-price furniture items command a higher premium than do high-price furniture products. Approximately 90% of consumers prefer to purchase certified furniture and lumber products over non-certified, and 73% of consumers prefer to purchase recycled paper products over certified paper products. Generally, awareness and acceptance of certification among primary producers and re- manufacturers are low. Only 39% of respondents indicate a willingness to pay a 10% premium for certified products, but almost all respondents are willing to purchase certified forest products if all other aspects, such as price and quality, are equal. Separation of certified and non-certified wood and wood products may pose a problem for many companies. Key words: forest certification premium, green premium, market segmentation, niche markets
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Gołos, Piotr, and Adam Kaliszewski. "Aspects of using wood biomass for energy production." Forest Research Papers 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2015-0009.
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Abstract This article presents the most important aspects relevant to forest-derived biomass utilization for the purposes of energy production by professional energy providers. The issues discussed here are divided into four groups: environmental, social, economic and technological aspects of biomass utilization in energy production. The environmental part focuses on the effects of intensive use of leftovers from timber harvest on forest ecosystems as well as the problem of ash utilization. Economic and social problems include the costs of energy production from timber, consequences of intensified fuel wood demand for the state of the timber and paper industry as well as the impact on the labor market. The technology section of the article covers questions related to the harvest and transport of forest-derived biomass. We conclude that, before regarding it as an energy source, wood should be mainly used for the production of timber due to the necessity and difficulty of considering all of the above-mentioned diverse aspects of energy production. Wood should be used for the production of energy only after its usage as timber products and their recycling.
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Drewiske, Greg W., and Austin Kalcec. "Assessing the Health of an Electrical System: An Approach From the Forest Products Industry." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 26, no. 4 (July 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2020.2981099.
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Nowakowski, Przemysław. "Health and ecological aspects in shaping of furniture equipment." BUILDER 284, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7426.
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The choice of furniture does not only affect the comfort of one’s life or work space. Materials utilized in furniture production may contribute to the quality of chemical microclimate in rooms and have an influence on the users’ health. Plenty of substances used in the furniture industry have negative effects on human health. These effects are usually of low intensity. However, they occur over a long period of time and as a result they may even lead directly to permanent health problems. Consumer lifestyle boosts frequent changes in interior decoration. The changes include mainly replacing furniture and household appliances. The furniture industry offers a wide range of products to satisfy the growing needs of buyers. Mass production results in a significant increase in the exploitation of natural resources and (often) leads to degradation of the natural environment. The downsides of mass furniture production are usually considered only in terms of utilizing various resources. Producers, however, implement measures to reduce the consumption of materials and energy. Their aim is to cut the production costs and lower the final price of manufactured goods. Worn out furniture, produced from highly processed materials is not biodegradable. Such waste is a heavy burden on the natural environment. The paper describes „the life cycle” of furniture items and presents a critical analysis of raw materials and intermediate products used in the furniture industry in the context of sustainable development (the impact on human health and on the condition of the natural environment). It may serve as a means to promote pro-health and pro-environmental awareness. A thorough assessment of the furniture available on the market may facilitate in making conscious decisions which will also take into consideration additional technical criteria. The choice of furniture neutral for people as well as for the environment is not an easy task and often involves higher spending.
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Callens, Stefaan. "Legal Aspects of Personalized Health Monitoring." European Journal of Health Law 19, no. 5 (2012): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341241.
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Abstract Personal health monitoring (PHM) can be defined as comprising all technical systems, processing, collecting, and storing of data linked to a person. PHM involves several legal issues that are described in this article. This article analyses firstly the short term actions that are needed at the European level to allow personal health monitoring in respect of the interests and rights of patients such as the need to have more harmonized medical liability rules at the EU level. Introducing PHM implies also legal action at the EU level on the long run. These long-term actions are related to e.g., the way in which hospitals are organized in their relation with healthcare professionals and with other hospitals or healthcare actors. The paper will finally analyse also how health monitoring projects may change the traditional (non-) relationship between patients and pharmaceutical/medical device industry. Today, the producers and distributors of medicinal products have no specific contact with patients. This situation may change when applying telemonitoring projects and may require to new legal rules.
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Dubey, Parag. "Role of Indian Forest Products Industry in Climate Change Mitigation: A Managerial Perspective." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 34, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920090101.
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Climate change is a global environmental problem that has been associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Forest products definitely play a significant role in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, by increasing the level of carbon removals from the atmosphere. Different corporate governance systems impact the ability of industries to adopt and transform their activities to meet issues associated with climate change. Until recently, relatively little has been done, to measure the contribution made by forest-based industries to mitigate climate change. This paper focuses on outlining adaptive management strategies that enhance the ability of forests and their products to adapt to climate change and mitigate its effects through increased carbon sequestration and storage. Developing carbon credit markets that motivate true reductions in carbon emissions must address all carbon pools and their GHG emissions. To be effective in this area, the Indian management community must have a voice in defining the markets and policies, to the extent that it is of strategic interest to the future of the companies and the society. The Indian forest-based industry has a reasonable potential to sequester. However, domestic manufacturing is highly fragmented and unorganized, generally inefficiently managed, has low product quality, and lacks standardization. Nonetheless, there are various ways to positively influence the carbon balance; including sink enhancements and increasing the market share of the existing wood products. Globally, forest market is undergoing dramatic changes. The natural advantage in the forestry sector is gradually shifting away from countries with the highest levels of forest resources to countries where trees grow to commercial maturity at the fastest rate and where the cost of converting them into products is the lowest. It is thus obvious that many foreign companies view India as a country with a strong commercial appeal, both as an emerging market and as an economic partner in possible collaboration. These provide a unique link for dealing with climate change through the competitiveness of Indian forest industries and its livelihood impact. The paper advocates a greater use of wood products in all forms, substituting fossil-fuelbased products, thus mitigating carbon emissions. A policy that lowers the cost of wood, for example, could motivate manufacturers and consumers to select wood products. Many companies are facing increasing pressure by governments, shareholders, and other stakeholders to reduce their CO2 emissions. There is a need to develop a framework that conceptualizes a company's CO2 strategy as the focus on one or a combination of several strategic objectives. Companies are looking for improved communication and a clear regulatory policy from the government to provide certainty so that they know where to focus their emission-saving efforts. Improved perception of wood through a better knowledge of its environmental, sanitary, and health properties by creating a ‘wood culture,’ needs social advertising support in the form of CSR activities by Indian corporations.
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Rojas, Romeo, Julio César Tafolla-Arellano, and Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila. "Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc: A Source of Phytochemicals with Potential Applications in Industry." Plants 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010008.
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Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc, better known as the candelilla plant, is one of the 10 non-timber forest products of greatest economic importance in the desert and semi-desert regions of Mexico. Moreover, it is a potential source of some functional phytochemicals such as polyphenolic compounds, wax and fiber, with potential applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, this review aims to describe these phytochemicals and their functional properties as antimicrobial, antioxidant, reinforcing and barrier agents. In addition, a suitable valorization of the candelilla plant and its byproducts is mandatory in order to avoid negative effects on the environment. This review provides, for the first time, an overview of the alternative methodologies for improving candelilla plant production, pointing out some of the agricultural aspects of the cultivation of this plant.
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Sapundzhiev, Nikolay, and Jochen Alfred Werner. "Nasal snuff: historical review and health related aspects." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 9 (September 2003): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503322334486.
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With cigarette smoking declining in the modern world, the tobacco industry has to look for other products that can keep the old customers and attract new ones. Different forms of smokeless tobacco are currently massively promoted and are gaining in importance. Dry nasal snuff – the oldest known form of tobacco in Europe – is one of them. The health risks associated with it are different to those attributed to smoking and oral wet snuff. The nicotine contained leads to dependency. Its resorption rate is similar to that of smoking, so it could be seen as an adequate substitutional therapy. The risk for cardiovascular diseases is lower, compared to that for smokers. Chronic abuse leads to morphological and functional changes in the nasal mucosa. Although it contains substances that are potentially carcinogenic, at present, there is no firm evidence, relating the use of nasal snuff to a higher incidence of head and neck or other malignancies.
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Ya’akob, Harisun. "Current Scenario of Herbal Industry in Malaysia." Journal of Engineering and Science Research 2, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2018.3.2.
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The changing trend towards the use of natural ingredients in product formulation has becoming very significant nowadays. Herbal products have gained increasing popularity in the last decade, and are now used by approximately 20% of the population and contribute to the health care of our people. The natural products global trade is projected to be over RM2 trillion by the year 2020 as more people are turning to herbal-based products as nutritional and dietary supplements; an alternative to the conventional therapeutic medicine. Therefore it is hoped that the utilisation of natural ingredients could be capitalised for the mass production of herbal based products. Malaysian herbal product market is experiencing tremendous growth. Malaysia's rich tropical biodiversity is a reliable source for natural health products, and the Government is now addressing its full potential. Although herbs are often perceived as “natural” and therefore safe, many safety issues and side effects have been reported owing to active ingredients, contaminants, or interactions with modern drugs. Before herbal-based products are commercialized, several processes/steps which are critical aspects of the development and marketing of product must be addressed. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct experimental research to provide scientific evidence in terms of safety, efficacy and quality of herbal medicines. In addition the plants as sources for new lead structure for drug development especially the active compounds that are beneficial for human health requires further investigation.
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Saraiva, Ariana, Conrado Carrascosa, Dele Raheem, Fernando Ramos, and António Raposo. "Maltitol: Analytical Determination Methods, Applications in the Food Industry, Metabolism and Health Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145227.
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Bulk sweetener maltitol belongs to the polyols family and there have been several dietary applications in the past few years, during which the food industry has used it in many food products: bakery and dairy products, chocolate, sweets. This review paper addresses and discusses in detail the most relevant aspects concerning the analytical methods employed to determine maltitol’s food safety and industry applications, its metabolism and its impacts on human health. According to our main research outcome, we can assume that maltitol at lower doses poses little risk to humans and is a good alternative to using sucrose. However, it causes diarrhoea and foetus complications at high doses. Regarding its determination, high-performance liquid chromatography proved the primary method in various food matrices. The future role of maltitol in the food industry is likely to become more relevant as processors seek alternative sweeteners in product formulation without compromising health.
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Allred, Shorna, Charles Michler, and Cortney Mycroft. "Midwest Logging Firm Perspectives: Harvesting on Increasingly Parcelized Forestlands." International Journal of Forestry Research 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/320170.
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Loggers play a critical role in the sustainable production of wood and paper products, and harvesting activities contribute to economic health and viability of many Upper Midwest communities in the United States. If the logging sector is unable to procure wood efficiently and economically from an increasingly parcelized land base, the competitive ability of the forest industry could be jeopardized. Little is known about the functions of the logging sector related to the forest resource land base on which they depend, and it is imperative to improve our understanding of this important part of the forest industry. The purpose of this study was to determine prospective attitudes about the future of the logging industry and how trends in forestland parcelization and harvesting mechanization are impacting the logging industry, especially as it relates to smaller tracts of land.
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Egan, Andrew. "Characteristics of New York's Logging Businesses and Logging Business Owners." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/26.3.106.
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Abstract Despite the importance of the forest products industry to New York's manufacturing sector, concerns about reductions in logging capacity, and attention given to logging communities in other states, there has been a lack of systematically gathered data about the state's logging community. A mailed survey, informed by focus groups, key informant interviews, and previous research, was used to solicit information from logging business owners on issues such as occupational choice and prestige, familial attachment, logger training, and barriers to maintaining their logging businesses. Most New York logging business owners cited positive aspects of their work as reasons for becoming loggers, but they sensed both a lack of occupational prestige associated with logging and a lack of understanding among the general public of the logging profession and its contributions to theeconomy. There were some significant differences between loggers who worked in the Adirondack region and those from the rest of the state, especially related to the effects of forest ownership changes on their businesses. As with similar studies of the logging communities in other states in the northeast, this study provides background information on loggers and logging businesses in New York that may be useful to the state's forest products industry, department of labor, logger training entities, and legislature. In addition, this research represents a reference point from which future studies of the state's logging workforce may be more clearly understood, providing an opportunity to track changes in this important forestry-sector workforce over time.
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Nayak, Bishwajit, and Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya. "The Changing Narrative in the Health Insurance Industry: Wearables Technology in Health Insurance Products and Services for the COVID-19 World." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420983112.
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COVID-19 pandemic, the associated economic lockdown and the norms of social distancing have disrupted the business world. Most managers have struggled to make sense of the chaos and complexity around. Health insurance industry mangers are at the forefront of this challenge as new products and services covering COVID-19 had to be launched fast. This was both a market as well as the societal requirement. In the COVID-19 world, in different countries like United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Germany and India, attempts are being made to develop mobile applications for tracking COVID-19 patients. Emerging technologies have been altering the business landscape in most industries. The health insurance industry has also been witnessing the effects of technologies such as wearables technology, big data analytics, cloud technologies, blockchain, machine learning and such others. The advent of these technologies is fundamentally changing the health insurance industry. Given the realities of the COVID-19 world, the health insurance industry is poised at a crossroad of evolution where the industry would become data-intensive and data-driven. Health insurance firms have to enter into interfirm collaboration with wearable technology firms in the conversation on tracking social distancing from COVID-19 positive and potential cases. Health insurance firms might develop a service mechanism which could while maintaining the anonymity of COVID-19 positive or potential cases, ensure that customers who are using the wearable technology products and following social distancing norms are provided favourable premium for COVID-19 related health insurance products in case they were infected. This would be a novel addition to COVID-19 related products of health insurance firms. Deliberating on these aspects in this article, the authors propose a fundamental shift in the strategic orientation of health insurance firms.
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Størdal, Ståle, Gudbrand Lien, and Erik Trømborg. "Impacts of Infectious Disease Outbreaks on Firm Performance and Risk: The Forest Industries during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070318.
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We examine the financial performance of the forest products industry in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, employing data for publicly trading companies in the industry globally. We first examine the market investor reaction to the declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 by conducting an event-study analysis. Then, we analyze medium-term changes in stock returns and their systematic risk by an econometric estimation of the capital asset pricing model. Our event-study analysis of the forest products industry shows that the forestry subsector was impacted more than the paper subsector when the WHO declared the pandemic. The effect was most prominent in North America. We find that the systematic risk for the forestry subsector tended to increase during 2020, until October. Again, this effect was most clear in North America. Conversely, the impact on the paper subsector was more stable.
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Kechagia, Maria, Dimitrios Basoulis, Stavroula Konstantopoulou, Dimitra Dimitriadi, Konstantina Gyftopoulou, Nikoletta Skarmoutsou, and Eleni Maria Fakiri. "Health Benefits of Probiotics: A Review." ISRN Nutrition 2013 (January 2, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/481651.
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Probiotic bacteria have become increasingly popular during the last two decades as a result of the continuously expanding scientific evidence pointing to their beneficial effects on human health. As a result they have been applied as various products with the food industry having been very active in studying and promoting them. Within this market the probiotics have been incorporated in various products, mainly fermented dairy foods. In light of this ongoing trend and despite the strong scientific evidence associating these microorganisms to various health benefits, further research is needed in order to establish them and evaluate their safety as well as their nutritional aspects. The purpose of this paper is to review the current documentation on the concept and the possible beneficial properties of probiotic bacteria in the literature, focusing on those available in food.
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Шишелов, М. А. "СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІСОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КОМИ." TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.3.10.
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The forestry complex is economically significant for the development of the Komi Republic. It is noticeably inferior to the fuel and energy complex, but it plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. This provision updates the assessment of the current situation and possible development prospects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and development prospects of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic. The object of the research is the forest complex of the Komi Republic, which plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. Research hypothesis - an increase in the output of timber products is ensured by the implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in the Komi Republic and the modernization of existing enterprises. Methods used in the study. The study of the state of the forest complex in the region was carried out on the basis of a retrospective analysis of data and expert assessments. Its methodological features are: structuring the efficiency of the forestry complex into production, socio-economic, and financial; using a set of indicators characterizing the specified aspects of efficiency. As a result, on a structured set of indicators, a characteristic of the forest complex of the Komi Republic was obtained, the effectiveness of activities and promising directions of development were determined. Presentation of the main material. It is shown that in the forest complex of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in Russia. Originality and practical significance of the research. The disappearance of small forest enterprises, first of all, negatively affects the social and economic situation of rural settlements of the republic, in which they are sometimes the only objects that provide an economic basis. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and the creation of new ones, the commodity and industry structure of the complex continues to remain conservative with a predominance of timber and paper products of low and medium levels of redistribution. Conclusions. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high added value is significantly inferior to countries with a developed forest industry. The prospects for the development of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic are determined by domestic and international factors of growth in the consumption of traditional products (lumber, plywood, paper) and new niches (wrapping paper, tall oil, turpentine, bioethanol, composite materials).
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Puebla-Barragan, Scarlett, and Gregor Reid. "Probiotics in Cosmetic and Personal Care Products: Trends and Challenges." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051249.
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Probiotics, defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host,” are becoming increasingly popular and marketable. However, too many of the products currently labelled as probiotics fail to comply with the defining characteristics. In recent years, the cosmetic industry has increased the number of products classified as probiotics. While there are several potential applications for probiotics in personal care products, specifically for oral, skin, and intimate care, proper regulation of the labelling and marketing standards is still required to guarantee that consumers are indeed purchasing a probiotic product. This review explores the current market, regulatory aspects, and potential applications of probiotics in the personal care industry.
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Aho, Brett. "Violence and the Chemicals Industry: Reframing Regulatory Obstructionism." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 1 (February 22, 2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa004.
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Abstract When government actors seek to restrict the sale of hazardous substances, industry actors tend to intervene, deploying coordinated strategies aimed at delaying, preventing or weakening attempts to regulate their products. In many cases, this has involved deliberate efforts to obfuscate science, mislead the public and manipulate political actors in order to ensure desired policy outcomes. Strategies of regulatory obstructionism have resulted in the prolonged dispersal of harmful chemical substances with tangible impacts on public health. This article proposes that this behavior should be interpreted as a form of violence. Examining the regulatory histories of lead, benzene, asbestos and PCBs, the article demonstrates how regulatory obstructionism and violence have become intractable characteristics of the chemical industry.
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Chakraborty, Prabal. "Indian Pharmaceuticals Industry in Global Scenario: An Appraisal." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420937939.
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Today, the Indian pharmaceuticals industry is recognised the world over due to the quality and cost-effectiveness of its products. At present, globally it is one of the fastest-growing industries and contributes 2.4 per cent value wise and 10 per cent volume wise globally. India alone accounts for 20 per cent of global exports in generics. In 2016, the Indian pharma industry exported USD16.89 billion and is expected to touch USD40 billion by 2020. The present generics market has immense potentiality for foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and worth USD14.53 billion of FDI inflows came in between April 2000 and December 2016. We have witnessed that Indian pharma companies go for joint ventures with multinational companies, make strategic alliances and co-promotions, contract research and manufacturing services, export, acquisitions and mergers, focus on new markets other than the USA and Europe, buy offshore plants and increase stakes in other companies. India is also becoming an attractive investment for the clinical trials market. The objective of this paper is to analyse the Indian pharmaceuticals industry—opportunity and threats, strategies of the Indian companies particularly after trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS).
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Rahman, Muhammad Sabbir, Fadi Abdel Muniem Abdel Fattah, Mahmud Zaman, and Hasliza Hassan. "Customer’s patronage decision toward health insurance products." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-12-2016-0248.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of service quality, customer’s satisfaction and religiosity on customer’s patronage decision toward health insurance products. The paper also assesses the influence of religiosity on customer’s patronage decision. The influence of customers’ satisfaction as mediation between service quality and customer’s patronage decision was also measured. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 200 respondents. This research applied the exploratory factor analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The findings indicate that customers’ religiosity behavior has a significant influence on customer’s patronage decision for selecting health insurance products. The results also indicated that the role of customer’s satisfaction as a mediator in between the relationship of service quality and customer’s patronage decision is significant. Research limitations/implications This research is a cross-sectional study consisting of 200 respondents. In addition, the elements of the sample were Malaysian customers using health insurance products and services. Practical implications This study suggests that customers of health insurance products are more concerned with perceived service quality and perceived satisfaction. The role of religiosity also plays a dominant role. As a result, managers of the health insurance service providers need to focus more on benefits of service varieties centered toward their target customers in order to gain higher patronage decision of health insurance products. Originality/value The study sought to address the gap of religiosity aspects in health insurance products through intensive literature and offer a conceptual framework that tested service quality, customer’s satisfaction and religiosity in one integrated model under the perspective of health insurance industry. More importantly, it also examines the influence of religiosity on patronage behavior, thus shedding insights into the opportunities for understanding consumers in detail.
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AJANI, JUDITH. "The global wood market, wood resource productivity and price trends: an examination with special attention to China." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000895.
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SUMMARYGlobal wood consumption trends are reviewed in the context of framing a coherent forest policy in the era of climate change. Over the period 1980 to 2007, global wood consumption has been essentially stagnant, increasing by only 0.4% per year. In contrast over the same period, global consumption of wood products increased steadily, paper by an average 3.2% per annum and solid wood products (sawn timber and wood panels) by 0.8% per annum. Wood saving explains these significantly different growth trajectories in unprocessed wood and processed wood products. Wood saving strategies include recycling paper (in particular), investing in higher yielding pulp technologies, substituting reconstituted wood panels for sawn timber and plywood and growing high pulp-yielding trees in a plantation regime. China's rapidly growing wood products industry has lifted wood saving to a new high. Consistent with the theory of induced innovation, China has so far avoided triggering a global wood shortage and associated wood price increases through a progression of strategies: successful pre-emptive price negotiations, increased use of recycled paper, adoption of high-yielding pulp technologies, substitution of reconstituted wood panels for sawn timber and tree planting substituting for natural forest supply. If China's current wood saving strategies were emulated worldwide, through increased use of recycled paper in particular, and to a lesser extent, substitution of reconstituted wood panels for sawn timber and plywood, the already low growth in global wood consumption would flatten further and perhaps start to decline. These economic realities in the wood products industry align positively with the interlinked imperatives of biodiversity conservation and carbon storage in natural forests, if wood-saving is converted to forest-saving.
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Sharma, Anil Kumar, and Kilambi Pundarikakshudu. "Regulatory Aspects of Traditional Indian Medicines (TIM) in India and in International Purview." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 993–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0379.
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Abstract Background: Regulatory affairs play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry and are incorporated in all stages of drug development. Objective: Approval criteria practices were developed as a resolution of the government’s desire to create policies to protect public health by controlling the safety and efficacy of merchandise in areas including pharmaceuticals, complementary color medicines, veterinary medicines, medical devices, and even food products and cosmetics. Method: Herbal health products are in practices in all parts of the world under either their legal system’s or expert council’s or agencies’ guides. They include botanicals, health supplements, health foods, complimentary medicines, traditional medicines or following pathies like Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. The requisite parameters for registration or recognition of products by various major global regulatory agencies were reviewed, and compiled under purview. Results: In India, licensing these products is under the act provisions and the rules known as the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, whereas globally regulatory provisions follow the guidelines of developed countries like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, the Therapeutic Goods Act, or the World Health Organization’s regulations for herbal products. Conclusions: The present communication highlights the provisions of regulatory and/or licensing requirements related to corporates, product composition, specifications, quality parameters, manufacturing methodology, stability, safety, preclinical studies, clinical studies, etc. for herbal products and the respective guidelines at one site. Highlights: Ultimately, all regulatory agencies across the world highlight majorly the safety and thereafter the efficacy for any products under the category.
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Harvas, H. D. "Legislative regulatory aspects of the veterinary pharmacy market in the European Union." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (May 11, 2019): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9223.
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Production of veterinary pharmacy plays an important role both in animal care and public health, such as for food safety or animal origin to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted to humans through animals. The European market for Animal Health develops rapidly filled with innovative products, updated regulatory system at the legislative level, in order to protect human health, animals and the environment. Today, the focus of attention in the European Union (EU) on the pharmaceutical industry – Is the improvement of the legal framework and its adaptation to the needs and characteristics of the veterinary pharmaceutical industry in particular. Thus Ukraine today - is an intensive process of harmonization, implementation and, at the same time, improvement of the regulatory system, in which international regulatory documents are the basis for the creation of the veterinary pharmaceutical legislation of Ukraine, according to EU requirements.
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Hazlet, Thomas K., Sean D. Sullivan, Klaus M. Leisinger, Laura Gardner, William E. Fassett, and Jon R. May. "Professional Organizations and Healthcare Industry Support: Ethical Conflict?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3, no. 2 (1994): 236–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100004977.
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A good deal of attention has been recently focused on the presumed advertising excesses of the healthcare industry in its promotion techniques to healthcare professionals, whether through offering gratuities such as gifts, honoraria, or travel support2-6 or through deception. Two basic concerns have been expressed: Does the acceptance of gratuities bias the recipient, tainting his or her responsibilities as the patient's agent? Does acceptance of the gratuity by the healthcare professional contribute to the high cost of healthcare products? The California Society of Hospital Pharmacists was recently asked by its members to formulate a policy for an appropriate relationship between the Society and the healthcare industry, addressing these concerns. In formulating its policy, it became clear that the Society depended on healthcare industry support, gathered through journal advertising, fees for booths at its various educational events, and grants for speakers.
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Hall, T. J., and R. A. Miner. "Integrated long-term receiving water study methodology development." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1997): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0547.
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A variety of methods have been used to assess the effects of pulp and paper mill wastewater discharges on receiving waters. Because individual methods have both strengths and weaknesses, aquatic ecosystem health is best characterized by an approach which integrates several methods. In order to better understand the significance of its effluents in the aquatic environment, the forest products industry is interested in developing a methodology for integrated aquatic health assessments. Discussions in NCASI's membership suggest that it would be desirable for an integrated aquatic assessment methodology to be capable of the following: (i) determine the environmental compatibility of mill effluents, and where compatibility is established, the margins of safety against adverse impacts; (ii) document improvements in environmental quality as contaminant or waste loads are reduced; (iii) provide an early indication of any important adverse impacts related to mill effluents; (iv) extend the framework for interpreting new and subtle measures of aquatic organism and ecosystem health; and (v) provide a framework for integrating, as appropriate, point and non-point source studies conducted by the forest products industry. Soon, NCASI will be assembling a team of experts to assist in creating an integrated assessment methodology consistent with these objectives. This paper provides an overview of integrated monitoring study elements and their strengths and weakness. Also provided is the process by which industry information needs were assessed and the results of that assessment.
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Troya Mera, Fidel Antonio, and Chenyang Xu. "PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA." Ciencia y Tecnología 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i1.137.
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Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
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Troya Mera, Fidel Antonio, and Chenyang Xu. "PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA." Ciencia y Tecnología 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i1.181.
Full textAbstract:
Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
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Troya Mera, Fidel Antonio, and Chenyang Xu. "PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA." Ciencia y Tecnología 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i1.93.
Full textAbstract:
Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
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Legg, Tess, Jenny Hatchard, and Anna B. Gilmore. "The Science for Profit Model—How and why corporations influence science and the use of science in policy and practice." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 23, 2021): e0253272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253272.
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Science has been at the centre of attempts by major industries, including tobacco, chemical, and pharmaceutical, to delay progress in tackling threats to human and planetary health by, inter alia, obscuring industry harms, and opposing regulation. Some aspects of this influence are well documented, others remain poorly understood, and similarities between industries remain underexplored. This study, therefore, aims to synthesise the literature to develop an evidence-based typology and model of corporate influence on science in order to provide an overview of this multi-faceted phenomenon. We obtained literature examining corporate attempts to influence science and the use of science in policy and practice from: database searches, bibliographies, expert recommendations, and web alerts; using a modified scoping review methodology (n = 68). Through interpretive analysis we developed the Science for Profit Typology and Model. We identified eight corporate sectors repeatedly engaging in activities to influence science, including: manipulation of scientific methods; reshaping of criteria for establishing scientific “proof”; threats against scientists; and clandestine promotion of policy reforms that increase reliance on industry evidence. The typology identifies five macro-level strategies used consistently across the eight industries, comprising 19 meso-level strategies. The model shows how these strategies work to maximise the volume, credibility, reach, and use of industry-favourable science, while minimising these same aspects of industry-unfavourable science. This creates doubt about harms of industry products/practices or efficacy of policies affecting industry; promotes industry-favoured policy responses and industry products as solutions; and legitimises industry’s role as scientific stakeholder. These efforts ultimately serve to weaken policy, prevent litigation, and maximise use of industry products/practices—maximising corporate profitability. We provide an accessible way to understand how and why corporations influence science, demonstrate the need for collective solutions, and discuss changes needed to ensure science works in the public interest.
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Tymoshenko, O. V., and K. I. Kotsiubivska. "Formation of Eco Concepts in Modern Fashion Industry." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-273-280.
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The formation of ethical fashion is a priority and a decisive factor in the efficiency of the activities of fashion and beauty industry enterprises. In the context of accelerated development of socio-economic processes, rapid technological changes, the growing needs of humanity along with the simultaneous increase in ecological pollution and the limited natural resources, questions are increasingly pressing about the practical use of ecological aspects of doing business. The article is aimed at studying the theoretical foundations of the essence of eco products, determining its role and importance in the modern world; analyzing the conceptions of development of ecologically oriented enterprises in the sphere of fashion industry. As a result of the carried out study, the theoretical foundations of the formation of the essence of concepts «eco fashion», «eco products», «conscious consumption» are considered and their role in the modern world is analyzed; the main motives for the creation of eco products in the fashion and beauty industry, as well as the main ecological concepts, are outlined. It is substantiated that the formation of the eco products market in the fashion and beauty industry should be understood as a market mechanism that is able to make changes in ecological production focused on economic and social benefits for both producers and consumers and society in general. According to the results of the study, we can conclude that ecological clothing is safer, better, hypoallergenic and convenient, and the advantages of creating eco products are: facilitation of the preservation of the environment; preservation and restoration of soil; reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere during the production of ecological clothing; increasing the competitiveness of producers in both the domestic and the foreign markets; resource saving and reduction of energy intensity of production; promoting the preservation of the health of the nation.
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Strid, Anna, Elinor Hallström, Ulf Sonesson, Josefin Sjons, Anna Winkvist, and Marta Bianchi. "Sustainability Indicators for Foods Benefiting Climate and Health." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073621.
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New methods for combined evaluation of nutritional and environmental aspects of food products are needed to enable a transformation of dietary guidelines integrating both health and environmental perspectives. We evaluated two sustainability aspects; nutrition and climate impact, of foods commonly consumed in Sweden and the implications of using parallel or integrated assessments of these two aspects, also discussing the usability and suitability of these food sustainability indicators in relation to Swedish dietary guidelines, industry food product development, and consumer communication. There were large differences in both nutrient density and climate impact among the different foods. The parallel assessment easily visualized synergies and trade-offs between these two sustainability aspects for the different foods. Coherence with dietary guidelines was good, and suitability and usability deemed satisfying. The integrated indicator showed better coherence with dietary guidelines than indicators based solely on nutrient density or climate impact; however, the difficulty to interpret the score limits its usability in product development and consumer communication. With both methods, advantageous as well as less advantageous plant-based and animal-based food alternatives were suggested. The two alternative methods evaluated could serve as useful tools to drive individual and societal development towards more sustainable food production and consumption.
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Sattler, Theresa, Roland Pomberger, Julia Schimek, and Daniel Vollprecht. "MINERAL WOOL WASTE IN AUSTRIA, ASSOCIATED HEALTH ASPECTS AND RECYCLING OPTIONS." Volume 09 - March 2020, no. 9 (February 10, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13904.
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Mineral wool products are man-made vitreous fibres that are used as thermal and acoustic insulation materials and as substrates for horticulture. Mineral wool waste is generated from demolition activities by the building and construction industry. Unfavourable mechanical properties, such as low compressibility, elastic behaviour, high volume and low bulk density, cause problems in landfills when mineral wool waste is disposed of. Mineral wool waste with a certain content of carcinogenic fibres is classified as hazardous waste type 31437 g “Asbestos Waste, Asbestos Dust” in Austria, since some characteristics of such fibres are similar to those of asbestos fibres. An exception is those mineral wool materials that have been tested to be noncarcinogenic due to their characteristics of biological solubility or geometrical dimension. Such noncarcinogenic mineral wool waste is classified as non-hazardous waste type 31416 “Mineral fibres”. Generally, it can be assumed that most of the industrial producers of mineral wool in the EU have not been producing carcinogenic material since 1998; however, carcinogenic mineral wool material has not yet been banned in Austria. Therefore, a segregation between so-called “old” and “new” mineral wool material is not necessarily possible. The medical aspects of mineral wool products are still controversial. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluated mineral wool (glass wool and rock wool) as “possibly carcinogenic” in 1988 but revised this evaluation to “inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity” in 2002. Fibrous dusts that reach the alveolar region of the lungs undergo a congruent or incongruent chemical dissolution process. Alveolar macrophages ingest the intruded fibres and fulfil anti-infection and clearance functions. Biosolubility is a key property of this process. The recycling of mineral wool waste has not yet been performed in Austria due to economic inefficiency, technical problems and suspected health issues. However, some recycling and processing options already exist; other options are investigated in the project RecyMin, which compares different concepts with respect to environmental and economic criteria.
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Zając, Stanisław, Adam Kaliszewski, and Wojciech Młynarski. "Forests and forestry in Poland and other EU countries." Folia Forestalia Polonica 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2014-0021.
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Abstract The paper provides general information about forests and forestry in Poland against a background of other EU Member States. Based on the data published in various international sources of statistical data it presents the information of forest resources, forest health condition, protection of forests, occurrence of forest fires, employment in forestry and related sectors, as well as selected aspects of production and trade of wood and wood products and also generation and use of renewable energy. The paper concludes that Poland is characterized by vast forest and timber resources, however in view of a large area of the country and large population share of forest lands in the total area of the country and the average forest area per inhabitant are low. The high share of protected areas makes Poland one of the leaders in forest protection, however Polish forests are very vulnerable to fires. Poland is a significant producer of wood-based panels, sawnwood and pulpwood, as well as paper and cardboard.
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Bard, Jennifer S. "Review of Sonia Shah.The Body Hunters: How the Drug Industry Tests its Products on the World's Poorest Patients1." American Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 2 (May 9, 2008): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160802074872.
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Tolnay, Anita, András Koris, and Robert Magda. "Sustainable Development of Cosmetic Products in the Frame of the Laboratory Market." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2018-0012.
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Abstract The main objective of the current study is to highlight sustainable development from the perspective of the cosmetics industry producing ‘eco-friendly’ products. In the last decades an enhancing interest is being experienced towards sustainable development among cosmetics manufacturing companies, scientific research and development (R & D) laboratories as well as green consumers in the need for natural products safer for health and less toxic for the environment. Several international studies show that cosmetic products formulated with natural ingredients developed by cosmetic industry has a higher annual market growth than for synthetic products. R & D puts special focus on new innovative technologies in green cosmetic products to meet the frequently updated requirements of regulations in compliance with the current legislation. Scientific laboratory market has an increasing importance to evaluate natural and organic raw materials. In this work the authors attempt to focus on the growing importance of research activities to sustainable cosmetics production in life cycle assessment methodology. Naturally, the conceptual scope and extent of this study do not permit all the possible issues to be examined from every aspects due to lack of data, thus it will be endeavored to point out merely the most relevant considerations in the field of cosmetic industry.
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Sajdakowska, Marta, Jerzy Gębski, and Krystyna Gutkowska. "Directions of Changes in the Health Values of Dairy Products in the Opinion of Consumers." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061945.
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The aim of our research was to assess whether and to what extent the perceived change in the content of selected ingredients in dairy products is important for Polish consumers in accepting the enhancement of the health benefits of dairy products, including yogurt. The data were collected using a CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) survey on a sample of 983 consumers. The logistic regression model was used to predict the behavior of consumers associated with their willingness to accept the health aspects of improving dairy products. The results indicated that changes in the level of selected ingredients enhanced the willingness to accept increasing the health value of the product. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were not associated with the degree of their willingness to accept the improvement of the perceived health attributes. Practitioners in the dairy industry and policy makers can benefit from these results. When designing food products, it is worth focusing on increasing the nutritional value and enhancing the health value of food that is perceived by consumers as generally possessing positive health benefits, rather than on food that is perceived by them as possessing negative qualities.
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Wedowati, Endang Retno, Moses Laksono Singgih, and I. Ketut Gunarta. "Determination of Modules in Pleasurable Design to Fulfil Customer Requirements and Provide a Customized Product in the Food Industry." Designs 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4010007.
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Customers’ needs and wants with regard to dairy products are increasingly diverse, and companies must be able to produce a variety of products. This study aimed to obtain alternative product configurations in accordance with customer requirements and to determine the types of modules required to realize the product by synergizing conjoint analysis and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The product configuration was based on pleasurable design consisting of three aspects, namely functionality, usability, and pleasure. Pleasurable design was chosen because it involves the human in the product design as a product user so that the product design is in accordance with customer expectations. The research used the survey method with consumers of ice cream. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the product attributes desired by consumers. Orthogonal design was used to construct alternative product configurations, while the product configuration rank was determined using conjoint analysis. Based on the results of the research, the selected attributes for the functionality aspects were taste and texture, the selected attributes for the usability aspects were shape and packaging materials, and the selected attributes for the pleasure aspects were health benefits and appearance. The orthogonal design results led to 25 alternative product configurations, followed by determination of the ranking of alternative product configurations. Then the DEMATEL method was applied to analyse the relationship between the product configuration attributes to determine the types of modules that must be provided.
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Lester, Joelle M., and Stacey Younger Gagosian. "Finished with Menthol: An Evidence-Based Policy Option That Will Save Lives." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, S1 (2017): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110517703322.
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Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, killing approximately 480,000 people each year. This crushing health burden falls disproportionately, and recent CDC data shows that large disparities in adult cigarette smoking remain. One factor in these disparities is the use of flavors. Menthol cigarettes and other flavored tobacco products are used at higher rates by vulnerable populations including youth and young adults, African Americans, women, Hispanics and Asian Americans. This is no accident; the tobacco industry has long targeted these same groups. Given FDA's failure to act to ban flavored tobacco products, states and municipalities are considering taking matters into their own hands to protect their communities from these dangerous products. The authors will explore state and local authority to restrict the sales of these products and review the evidence base indicating that removing flavored tobacco products – and menthol combustible products in particular - from the market would significantly reduce the toll of illness and death caused by these products.
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Filatov, V. V., and T. A. Bulavina. "Socio-economic aspects of the use of innovative technologies in the production of bakery, pasta and confectionery products." Health, Food & Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/hfb.2020.i2.s317.
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This article reviews Russian industry experience in developing innovative technologies in the production of bakery, pasta, and confectionery products. The article analyzes innovative technologies developed in Russian institutes, universities, and enterprises of the bakery, pasta, and confectionery industries, in particular the state research Institute of Agriculture, Kuban State Technological University, Belgorod University of consumer cooperation, and Moscow state University of technology and management named after K. G. Razumovsky University (PKU), Moscow State University of food production. It is established that the state order system is focused on purchasing products at low prices and weakly encourages the introduction of innovative technologies into production. The main vectors of innovative transformations of bakery enterprises in the Russian Federation are the use of stoves, dough mixers, mixers, and non-traditional raw materials in the production of bakery products in order to increase the content of essential nutrients, improve the balance of essential essential nutrients, improve the quality and shelf life of finished products, and provide products with a functional orientation, which generally corresponds to global trends five years ago. Currently, consumers of bakery, pasta and confectionery products want to see in these products something more than sweetness, taste and aroma, they need confidence that the products will not cause harm to health, so one of the tasks set for technologists is to develop innovative products not only to expand the range, but also to improve the nutritional value of products.
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Sousa, Susana P. B., Tânia Peixoto, Raquel M. Santos, Ascensão Lopes, Maria da Conceição Paiva, and António T. Marques. "Health and Safety Concerns Related to CNT and Graphene Products, and Related Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030106.
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The use of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Graphene increased in the last decade and it is likely to keep increasing in the near future. The attractiveness of their properties, particularly the possibility to enhance the composites performance using a tailor made methodology, brings new materials, processes and products for highly demanding industrial applications and to the market. However, there are quite a lot of health/safety issues, as well as lack of understanding and standards to evaluate their effects. This paper starts with a general description of materials, processes and products dealing with CNT and graphene. Then, an overview of concerns related to the health and safety when handling, researching, producing and using products that include these materials is presented. It follows a risk management approach with respect to simulation and evaluation tools, and considering the consensual limits already existing for research, industry and consumers. A general discussion integrating the relevant aspects of health and safety with respect to CNT and graphene is also presented. A proactive view is presented with the intention to contribute with some guidelines on installation, maintenance, evaluation, personal protection equipment (PPE) and personnel training to deal with these carbon-based nanomaterials in research, manufacture, and use with composite materials.
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Rabadán, Adrián. "Consumer Attitudes towards Technological Innovation in a Traditional Food Product: The Case of Wine." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061363.
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Food innovation is crucial for food companies in order to produce healthier, safer, and more convenient foods. However, there is a segment of consumers reluctant to accept new foods. This attitude is even more important when those novelties are developed in products such as wine that have habitually relied on heritage and traditional production as their main competitive advantage. In this study, consumer attitudes toward innovation in the wine industry were evaluated by simultaneously considering product neophobia and process neophobia. Based upon a sample of 400 personal interviews with Spanish wine consumers, the results showed that these two aspects of neophobia were uncorrelated, meaning they are useful to measure different aspects of general food neophobia. Cluster analysis showed that four different segments of consumers exist, with different attitudes toward technological innovation in the wine industry. The consumer segment that shows the most positive attitudes toward wine innovation (product and process innovation) is that with the highest income and highest level of education. Moreover, greater involvement with the product (wine) results in lower product neophobia. Therefore, future studies should consider product involvement and exposure to cultural diversity as essential factors when evaluating food neophobia.
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Rahi, Shivali, and Arpana Rana. "Role of ICH guidelines in registration of Pharmaceutical Products." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 7, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v7i4.365.
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The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements is a unique project for Registration of Pharmaceutical products which are intended for human use. This brings together the regulatory authorities of Europe, Japan and United States and experts from the pharmaceutical industry in the three regions to discuss scientific and technical aspects of product registration.
The purpose is to make recommendations on ways to achieve greater harmonization in the interpretation and application of technical guidelines and requirements for product registration in order to reduce or obviate the need to duplicate the testing carried out during the research and development of new medicines.
The objective of such harmonization is a more economical use of human, animal and material resources and the elimination of unnecessary delay in the global development and availability of new medicines whilst maintaining safeguards on quality, safety and efficacy and regulatory obligations to protect public health. It creates a venue that allows all key pharmaceutical regulatory authorities and industry stakeholders the opportunity to be more actively involved in pharmaceutical harmonization work. It aimed at the standardization of requirements and format along with the content of regulatory documentation and brings down the pressure on the price of medicines by enabling greater economies of scale and a labelled regulatory playing field. This paper is an effort to provide the detailed information about ICH Guidelines.
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Michalski, Krzysztof, Anna Gembalska-Kwiecień, Anna Musioł, and Štefánia Olejárová. "Impact Study of a Dust Removal System on Reduction of Selected Health Hazards of Employees in Carpentry." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2018-0041.
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Abstract One of the most important aspects related to the proper functioning of prosperous enterprises in the wood industry is to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions. The fulfillment of this condition is obligatory for all workplaces regardless of the field of activity. Due to the specificity of the industry based on wood processing, this industry is inseparably connected with the problem of pollination at workplaces. The chips that are formed during processing make it difficult to work, remain in and around workplaces, creating additional risks and impairing the quality of the manufactured products. It is therefore necessary to apply solutions to eliminate the dust hazard. One of such solutions, belonging to collective protection measures against pollination, are dedusting installations. One of the tools to improve working conditions is mandatory risk assessment. Thanks to its reliable implementation, it is possible to identify hazards occurring at workplaces and take measures to improve working conditions. Proper management of occupational risk is one of the key elements to ensure protection against risks at an appropriate level. The article analyzes the impact of the dedusting installation on the reduction of selected health hazards for employees in the selected carpentry shop.
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Wright, Gillian. "Animal Production - a case study of consumer reaction with special reference to the diet and health issue." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017104.
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Healthy eating is now a feature of the strategies of many organisations in the food industry. This has developed since the recommendations of the NACNE (National Advisory Committee on Nutrition Education) report, and COMA (Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy) report on cardiovascular disease were published. These led to considerable media coverage and stimulated consumer demand for healthy choices in their shopping. This research is concerned with the consumer reaction to dietary recommendations, using milk as a case study. The increased interest in diet and health can be demonstrated by the increased market share of some food products: wholemeal bread now accounts for 25% of bread sales and low fat milks for over 20% of total milk sales.