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Journal articles on the topic 'Health aspects of Manufacturing processes'
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Javidrad, Hamidreza, and Mostafa Larky. "Investigation in Human Health, Environment and Safety Aspects of Additive Manufacturing (AM) Processes." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 8, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0809.1002.
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Kukla, S. "Quality and Safety Assurance of Iron Casts and Manufacturing Processes." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0019.
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Abstract The scope of this work focuses on the aspects of quality and safety assurance of the iron cast manufacturing processes. Special attention was given to the processes of quality control and after-machining of iron casts manufactured on automatic foundry lines. Due to low level of automation and huge work intensity at this stage of the process, a model area was established which underwent reorganization in accordance with the assumptions of the World Class Manufacturing (WCM). An analysis of work intensity was carried out and the costs were divided in order to identify operations with no value added, particularly at individual manufacturing departments. Also an analysis of ergonomics at work stations was carried out to eliminate activities that are uncomfortable and dangerous to the workers' health. Several solutions were proposed in terms of rationalization of work organization at iron cast after-machining work stations. The proposed solutions were assessed with the use of multi-criteria assessment tools and then the best variant was selected based on the assumed optimization criteria. The summary of the obtained results reflects benefits from implementation of the proposed solutions.
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Matsumura, Takashi, and Norikazu Suzuki. "Special Issue on Advanced Manufacturing Science and Technologies." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 4 (July 5, 2021): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0387.
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In recent years, manufacturing technologies have been progressing with the high demands of industry. In the automobile and aircraft industries, for example, the manufacturing processes have been requiring for technologies that allow for high machining rates of lightweight and/or difficult-to-cut materials. Medical device production includes the machining of biocompatible materials that have high mechanical strength. Information devices require high quality in ultra-precision manufacturing processes. Measurement and characterization technologies in manufacturing have also been essential in the progress. Along with evolution of manufacturing technologies, scientific studies have been done on manufacturing phenomena and the control of processes, based on physical and/or mathematical aspects. This special issue is promoted by the International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials & Processing (LEM&P2020), which was canceled to protect the health and wellness of our community from COVID-19, and by the Research Committee of Cutting Technologies in the Japan Society for Precision Engineering. This special issue includes 17 papers that detail progress and innovations in the following areas: - Characterization of materials - Fundamental study and modeling of material removal process - Manufacturing control and optimization - Manufacturing processes for new/hard materials - Micro-/Nano-scale manufacturing - Tool manufacturing and performance - Metrology and evaluation - Surface characterization This special issue also includes not only technical but also scientific discussions, suggesting new key technologies for future manufacturing. We hope this will help the readers to understand the manufacturing processes and improve their operations. We thank the authors and the reviewers for their generous cooperation and the editing staffs for their many contributions.
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Tagliaferri, Vincenzo, Federica Trovalusci, Stefano Guarino, and Simone Venettacci. "Environmental and Economic Analysis of FDM, SLS and MJF Additive Manufacturing Technologies." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244161.
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In this study, the authors present a comparative analysis of different additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for high-performance components. Four 3D printers, currently available on the Italian national manufacturing market and belonging to three different AM technologies, were considered. The analysis focused on technical aspects to highlight the characteristics and performance limits of each technology, economic aspects to allow for an assessment of the costs associated with the different processes, and environmental aspects to focus on the impact of the production cycles associated with these technologies on the ecosystem, resources and human health. This study highlighted the current limits of additive manufacturing technologies in terms of production capacity in the case of large-scale production of plastic components, especially large ones. At the same time, this study highlights how the geometry of the object to be developed greatly influences the optimal choice between the various AM technologies, in both technological and economic terms. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the technology that exhibits the greatest limitations hindering mass production due to production times and costs, but also due to the associated environmental impact.
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He, Yihai, Jiaming Cui, Changchao Gu, Xiao Han, Zhaoxiang Chen, and Yixiao Zhao. "Health prognosis approach for manufacturing systems based on quality state task network." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 1573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405418780174.
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Previous studies on health prognosis are exceedingly dependence on the failure data and sensor data of a single component of manufacturing systems, and the holistic health prognosis techniques applicable to whole manufacturing systems still remain a challenge due to its increasingly physical and functional complexity. Therefore, a generalized health prognosis method is presented based on the deep fusion of quality-oriented big data of operational process of manufacturing systems. First, the generalized connotation of manufacturing system health is explained from the aspects of the physical composition and functional characteristics of manufacturing systems, and the quality state task network is proposed to organize quality-oriented big operational data, which improve the state transparency of the manufacturing system and lay the foundation of holistic health prognosis. Second, key characterization parameters in quality state task network are defined. Specifically, the performance state is analyzed based on multistate characteristics by considering the effects of stochastic degradation processes; the product quality state is quantified by using a process model that is established based on monitoring and inspection data; and the task execution state is quantitatively described by analyzing the evolution of task demand among machines. Third, an integrated model is built by integrating the three above-mentioned states as two key indicators, namely, qualified degree and mission reliability, for the comprehensive prognosis of the health of manufacturing systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified with a case study on the health prognosis of a cylinder head manufacturing system.
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Borghetti, Michela, Edoardo Cantù, Emilio Sardini, and Mauro Serpelloni. "Future Sensors for Smart Objects by Printing Technologies in Industry 4.0 Scenario." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225916.
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Industry 4.0 has radically been transforming the production processes and systems with the adoption of enabling technologies, such as Internet of things (IoT), big data, additive manufacturing (AM), and cloud computing. In this context, sensors are essential to extract information about production, spare parts, equipment health, and environmental conditions necessary for improving many aspects of industrial processes (flexibility, efficiency, costs, etc.). Sensors should be placed everywhere (on machines, smart devices, objects, and tools) inside the factory to monitor in real-time physical quantities such as temperature, vibrations, deformations that could affect the production. Printed electronics (PE) offers techniques to produce unconventional sensor and systems or to make conventional objects “smart”. This work aims to analyze innovative PE technologies—inkjet printing and aerosol jet printing in combination with photonic curing—as manufacturing technologies for electronics and sensors to be integrated into objects, showing a series of sensors fabricated by PE as applications that will be adopted for smart objects and Industry 4.0.
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Devos, Rafaela Julyana Barboza, Cristina de Araújo Barth, Aline Dettmer, Telma Elita Bertolin, and Luciane Maria Colla. "Pu-erh tea: Fermentative process as a potentialized of sensory aspects and bioactive profile – a review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 4, 2021): e3510816999. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16999.
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Pu-erh is a fermented Chinese tea with characteristics of mild, woody flavor and dark red color. The preparation of the tea starts from leaves of Camellia sinensis in natura that undergo a drying in the sun. Its classification is given in two categories: a raw tea similar to green tea and a matured tea that is fermented. Matured tea has a higher market value due to the processes involved in manufacturing, especially in terms of aging. Pu-erh has numerous benefits for human health, which are closely related to the bioactive profile of the main chemical components of tea, being polyphenols, theabrownins, flavonols, polysaccharides, amino acids and alkaloids. The increasing introduction of Pu-erh tea in the diet of consumers results in the need to explore information associated with consumption through analysis of the available literature, addressing current scientific evidence. Therefore, the present review sought to elucidate the fermentative process of Pu-erh tea production, its chemical composition, its sensory aspects and health benefits.
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Takizawa, Bayan Teisho, Stephen Christopher Born, and Salvatore Mascia. "Leveraging Integrated Continuous Manufacturing to Address Critical Issues in the U.S. Military." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (January 2020): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz245.
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ABSTRACT There is a tremendous opportunity to modernize the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry—relinquishing outdated machines that have been used for decades, and replacing them with state-of-the-art equipment that reflect more contemporary advanced technologies. This article describes how the implementation of continuous manufacturing, replacing outdated batch systems, can positively impact our health care sector. Important benefits will include the creation of advanced pharmaceutical manufacturing jobs in the United States, the establishment of capabilities and capacity to quickly produce drugs critical to U.S. citizens, the reduction of health care costs through more efficient manufacturing, and access to better quality drugs through more sophisticated and reliable production processes. Furthermore, the application of continuous manufacturing will enable the U.S. Government, in partnership with pharmaceutical companies, to address current issues such as drug shortages, national emergencies (eg, natural disasters or chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats), the Strategic National Stockpile (ie, improving response time and reducing maintenance costs), and the delivery of critical drugs to distant geographies (eg, forward military bases). The article also provides a detailed example of a critical aspect of continuous manufacturing: the ability to overcome technical challenges encountered by batch technologies.
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Pauliková, Alena, Zdenka Gyurák Babeľová, and Monika Ubárová. "Analysis of the Impact of Human–Cobot Collaborative Manufacturing Implementation on the Occupational Health and Safety and the Quality Requirements." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041927.
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Implementing Industry 4.0 and interconnected robotization in industrial enterprises drifts towards occupational changes. Nowadays, the task is to create cooperation and collaboration between a robot and a human in a common robotized workplace so that it is safe and effective. The type of robot, the robotic device that works in collaboration with a human operator, is called a cobot. In the case of a closer interaction of the robot or cobot with humans, it is necessary to consider where it is possible to replace human work entirely or where it is possible to merely supplement it. The most socially acceptable option is the implementation of robots only for the performance of supplementary tasks, since the traditional work positions of people in manufacturing processes would remain largely preserved. On the other hand, workplace robotization is particularly suitable for work environments with hazardous chemical substances that are carcinogenic and toxic to humans. Similarly, robotization helps to improve workplace ergonomics and also to avoid, for humans, very laborious and often repetitive work. The SWOT analysis (analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) was used as a relevant tool to assess various aspects of the impact of increasing robotization on working positions in industrial enterprises. SWOT analysis is an indicative assessment of the suitability of implementation of robots in a given workplace, which helps to create an optimal solution and indicate new areas of needed analysis and research directions.
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Gullberg, R. G. "The Application of Control Charts in Breath Alcohol Measurement Systems." Medicine, Science and the Law 33, no. 1 (January 1993): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300107.
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Measurement provides numerical information, usually to assist in some decision process. Quality control is fundamental to the measurement process if the results are to provide confidence to the decision maker. The degree of quality control required depends on the context and purpose of the measurements. Quality control is particularly important in the forensic measurement of breath alcohol in light of the significant consequences involved. Control charts are an important and widely used tool in quality control for both measuring and manufacturing processes. They help evaluate measurement variability and provide a visual assessment of the system's state of statistical control. Control charts can be developed and applied in a variety of different ways. Several examples are illustrated that apply control charts to breath alcohol measuring systems. Application of these methods should result in improved process monitoring in addition to improved confidence for forensic purposes.
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Waris, Muhammad, Mohd Shahir Liew, Mohd Faris Khamidi, and I. Arazi. "Major Challenges to the Sustainable Operations of Construction Equipment in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.589.
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The growing considerations of people, profit and planet have emphasized the integration of sustainable concepts in the construction processes. The previous research in sustainable construction has underlined the issues pertaining to raw material and its manufacturing; design aspects along with the occupancy phase of a building life cycle. However, concerned over GHG emissions from the operation of non-road diesel equipment are still being ignored in the established literature. These non-road construction equipment consume fossil fuel and a serious threat for green environment. In addition to this, health and safety issues are also important concerns for the human well-being. Thus, mitigating these impacts are the important aspects of sustainable planning for onsite construction activities. A questionnaire survey was carried out to explore the contractors views towards potential challenges that are relevant with the growing attention of sustainability in construction sector. A group of large civil contractors of Malaysian construction industry were solicited through online survey to prioritize the potential barriers. The research findings presents a broader view and a number of challenges that inhibits the contractors for acquiring, adopting and implementing sustainable practices for onsite mechanized construction activities.
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Reshetneykov, A. V. "THE SOCIAL INSTITUTION OF MEDICINE. PART I." Sociology of Medicine 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2018-17-1-4-11.
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The concept of social institution correlates to period of becoming of sociology as a science and is related to classical works of O. Comte, E. Durkheim and G. Spencer. The institutional approach to studying society in classical interpretation includes five main social institutions ensuring stability of social system: family, state (politics), economics (manufacturing), education, religion. Nowadays, medicine is to be considered as an independent social institution and to proceed its investigation in the light of opening opportunities from positioning of sociology. The article minutely considers process of transformation of medicine into basic institution at the turn of XX-XXI centuries. At that it is emphasized that evolution process of institutionalization of medicine requires a new in-depth comprehension with regard to modern social transformational processes in the system of health protection. Simultaneously, an understanding is required concerning such fundamental aspects as changing situation in health care system, transformation of views of patient on process of medical care support and one's expectations from health care system, alterations of concepts of patient-physician relationships and re-arrangement of models of interaction of individual person with state, society, social institutions and groups.
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Sutariya, Vijaykumar, Anastasia Groshev, Prabodh Sadana, Deepak Bhatia, and Yashwant Pathak. "Artificial Neural Network in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Research." Open Bioinformatics Journal 7, no. 1 (December 13, 2013): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036201307010049.
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technology models the pattern recognition capabilities of the neural networks of the brain. Similarly to a single neuron in the brain, artificial neuron unit receives inputs from many external sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, ANN simulates the biological nervous system and draws on analogues of adaptive biological neurons. ANNs do not require rigidly structured experimental designs and can map functions using historical or incomplete data, which makes them a powerful tool for simulation of various non-linear systems.ANNs have many applications in various fields, including engineering, psychology, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. Because of their capacity for making predictions, pattern recognition, and modeling, ANNs have been very useful in many aspects of pharmaceutical research including modeling of the brain neural network, analytical data analysis, drug modeling, protein structure and function, dosage optimization and manufacturing, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling, and in vitro in vivo correlations. This review discusses the applications of ANNs in drug delivery and pharmacological research.
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TERENOWSKI, Henryk, and Bogdan KRYSIŃSKI. "Work Safety and the Duration of Munition Testing." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 8, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7320.
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This paper presents the aspects of work safety and the standardization of time (duration) that relate to the diagnostic testing of munitions. This paper identifies the sources of hazards during munition disassembly, caused by the physical and chemical processes occurring during the years of service, and the hazards of non-conformities with the standard processing procedures used during the manufacture of the munitions. Munitions, given their intended use, are not usually designed for disassembly. With the manufacturing processes of munitions being monitored at every stage, and the application of proper grades or quality of the materials and components, munitions may retain their combat performance for a very long time following the expiry of their original warranty period. The extended shelf life of munitions (past the original warranty period/shelf life) can be determined with certain tests. The tests, however, require tampering with the internal structure of a munition by disassembling the munition into its component parts in order to allow assessment of the current technical condition and to project the technical fitness for extended service. Disassembly activities are hazardous and require the prior preparation of safe processes, workstations, procedures, and a comprehensive health and safety assurance system. Health and safety assurance in munition testing requires high capital expenditure to acquire sufficient engineering facilities and proper monitoring of all the disassembly activities attempted on munitions. Operator safety has the highest priority in munition disassembly; it is then pointless to regulate the time required for completing the individual disassembly operations.
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Chiacchierini, E., D. Restuccia, and G. Vinci. "Bioremediation of Food Industry Effluents: Recent Applications of Free and Immobilised Polyphenoloxidases." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 6 (December 2004): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204049388.
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Enzymes are specific biological catalysts able to react under mild conditions of temperature and pH and their use in food industry for bioremediation is well known. Research in recent years has been intense, much of it elicited by the great number of different exploitable enzymes. Employment of enzymes in many bioremediation processes is made in order to protect the environment from damage caused by industrial polluting effluents. In particular, the food industry is one of the most important sectors among the manufacturing industries as far as production values are concerned; indeed, food industry processes involve large amounts of water and contribute to pollution loads discharged into water resources. In particular the presence of phenols in agroindustrial effluents has attracted interest for laccases and tyrosinases use in wastewater treatment and bioremediation. The presence of phenolic compounds in drinking and irrigation water or in cultivated land represents a significant health and/or environmental hazard and, therefore, the development of methods for their removal and transformation have received increased attention in recent years. The main purpose of this paper was to present the most recent results dealing with the fundamental and applied aspects of free and immobilised polyphenoloxidases for food industry wastewater processing.
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Meneses, Valter Alves de, Valdemar Silva Leal, and Américo Scotti. "Influence of Metal Transfer Stability and Shielding Gas Composition on CO and CO2 Emissions during Short-circuiting MIG/MAG Welding." Soldagem & Inspeção 21, no. 3 (September 2016): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2103.02.
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Abstract: Several studies have demonstrated the influence of parameters and shielding gas on metal transfer stability or on the generation of fumes in MIG/MAG welding, but little or nothing has been discussed regarding the emission of toxic and asphyxiating gases, particularly as it pertains to parameterization of the process. The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the effect of manufacturing aspects of welding processes (short-circuit metal transfer stability and shielding gas composition) on the gas emission levels during MIG/MAG welding (occupational health and environmental aspects). Using mixtures of Argon with CO2 and O2 and maintaining the same average current and the same weld bead volume, short-circuit welding was performed with carbon steel welding wire in open (welder’s breathing zone) and confined environments. The welding voltage was adjusted to gradually vary the transfer stability. It was found that the richer the composition of the shielding gas is in CO2, the more CO and CO2 are generated by the arc. However, unlike fume emission, voltage and transfer stability had no effect on the generation of these gases. It was also found that despite the large quantity of CO and CO2 emitted by the arc, especially when using pure CO2 shielding gas, there was no high level residual concentration of CO and CO2 in or near the worker’s breathing zone, even in confined work cells.
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Matsuhama, Maki, Tomoko Takishita, Ryosuke Kuribayashi, Kazunori Takagi, Rika Wakao, and Kenichi Mikami. "Similarities and Differences of International Practices and Procedures for the Regulation for Active Substance Master Files/Drug Master Files of Human Use: Moving Toward Regulatory Convergence." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j37g80.
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Purpose. A gap analysis survey of international practices for Active Substance Master Files (ASMFs)/Drug Master Files (DMFs) of human use was conducted as a project of the ASMF/DMF working group of the International Generic Drug Regulators Pilot (IGDRP) to identify similarities and differences among ASMF/DMF procedures of 10 IGDRP members and 2 observers. Methods. We conducted a questionnaire survey and compared the following aspects: overall ASMF/DMF procedures, submission requirements for ASMFs/DMFs, assessment processes for ASMFs/DMFs, the technical requirements for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), generation of assessment reports for ASMFs/DMFs, procedures for changing ASMF/DMF details, and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection/certification of API manufacturers. Twelve organizations participated in this project: the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), the European Union (EU), Health Canada (HC), the Singapore Health Sciences Authority (HSA), the South African Medicines Control Council (MCC), the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic), the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA), the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) (Observer) and the Prequalification Team (PQT) of the World Health Organization (WHO), which includes the PQT–Medicines (Observer). Results. Although there were many similarities among the participating agencies surveyed, there were also differences that should be discussed such as assessment processes of ASMFs/DMFs and Technical requirements for APIs. Conclusions. These differences revealed by this survey will be key considerations in order to facilitate the filing of ASMFs/DMFs globally and to establish a framework for sharing and utilizing information related to ASMFs/DMFs among IGDRP members in the future. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Popa, Maria, Ioana Glevitzky, and Adina Sârb. "Improvement of the technological process of carbonated spring water by implementing the quality and food safety management standards." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929002004.
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Bottled spring water must be health providing, clean, without microorganisms, parasites or substances. The design, manufacturing and management of processes, related to spring water bottling involves controlling the safety issues that may arise in the production processes. These aspects are not sufficient to prevent hazards and they must be related to the implementation of a quality and food safety systems. The aim of the paper is to improve the technological process of carbonated spring water in Monopolis S.A Company, by implementing the quality and food safety management standards. The methodology is based on the implementation requirements of the HACCP principles, included in ISO 22000 standard. On the other hand, the results of the work highlight the safety parameters of ”Roua Apusenilor” carbonated spring water: physico – chemical, purity and microbiological. A HACCP generic model was developed for this company. In this case study, the hazard analysis and risk assessment was implemented with the identification of the critical control points, which includes filtration and impregnation of carbon dioxide. At the same time, the loss of carbon dioxide content in PET bottles of 2 and 2.5 litres during the shelf life period was observed and a statistical analysis of the resulting experimental data was performed. There is a significant decrease of carbon dioxide content in the two packaging volumes of about 3.2 and 4.6 g/l at the end of the best before period.
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Dobrzański, Leszek, Anna Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, and Lech Dobrzański. "Effect of Biomedical Materials in the Implementation of a Long and Healthy Life Policy." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050865.
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This paper is divided into seven main parts. Its purpose is to review the literature to demonstrate the importance of developing bioengineering and global production of biomaterials to care for the level of healthcare in the world. First, the general description of health as a universal human value and assumptions of a long and healthy life policy is presented. The ethical aspects of the mission of medical doctors and dentists were emphasized. The coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic has had a significant impact on health issues, determining the world’s health situation. The scope of the diseases is given, and specific methods of their prevention are discussed. The next part focuses on bioengineering issues, mainly medical engineering and dental engineering, and the need for doctors to use technical solutions supporting medicine and dentistry, taking into account the current stage Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. The concept of Dentistry 4.0 was generally presented, and a general Bioengineering 4.0 approach was suggested. The basics of production management and the quality loop of the product life cycle were analyzed. The general classification of medical devices and biomedical materials necessary for their production was presented. The paper contains an analysis of the synthesis and characterization of biomedical materials supporting medicine and dentistry, emphasizing additive manufacturing methods. Numerous examples of clinical applications supported considerations regarding biomedical materials. The economic conditions for implementing various biomedical materials groups were supported by forecasts for developing global markets for biomaterials, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. In the seventh part, recapitulation and final remarks against the background of historical retrospection, it was emphasized that the technological processes of production and processing of biomedical materials and the systematic increase in their global production are a determinant of the implementation of a long and healthy policy.
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Lopez Taborda, Luis Lisandro, Heriberto Maury, and Jovanny Pacheco. "Design for additive manufacturing: a comprehensive review of the tendencies and limitations of methodologies." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 5 (June 4, 2021): 918–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2019-0296.
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Purpose There are many investigations in design methodologies, but there are also divergences and convergences as there are so many points of view. This study aims to evaluate to corroborate and deepen other researchers’ findings, dissipate divergences and provide directing to future work on the subject from a methodological and convergent perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes the previous reviews (about 15 reviews) and based on the consensus and the classifications provided by these authors, a significant sample of research is analyzed in the design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) theme (approximately 80 articles until June of 2017 and approximately 280–300 articles until February of 2019) through descriptive statistics, to corroborate and deepen the findings of other researchers. Findings Throughout this work, this paper found statistics indicating that the main areas studied are: multiple objective optimizations, execution of the design, general DFAM and DFAM for functional performance. Among the main conclusions: there is a lack of innovation in the products developed with the methodologies, there is a lack of exhaustivity in the methodologies, there are few efforts to include environmental aspects in the methodologies, many of the methods include economic and cost evaluation, but are not very explicit and broad (sustainability evaluation), it is necessary to consider a greater variety of functions, among other conclusions Originality/value The novelty in this study is the methodology. It is very objective, comprehensive and quantitative. The starting point is not the case studies nor the qualitative criteria, but the figures and quantities of methodologies. The main contribution of this review article is to guide future work on the subject from a methodological and convergent perspective and this article provides a broad database with articles containing information on many issues to make decisions: design methodology; optimization; processes, selection of parts and materials; cost and product management; mechanical, electrical and thermal properties; health and environmental impact, etc.
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Chaffin, Don B. "Digital Human Modeling for Workspace Design." Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 4, no. 1 (October 2008): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723408x342844.
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Digital human modeling (DHM) technology offers human factors/ergonomics specialists the promise of an efficient means to simulate a large variety of ergonomics issues early in the design of products and manufacturing workstations. It rests on the premise that most products and manufacturing work settings are specified and designed by using sophisticated computer-aided design (CAD) systems. By integrating a computer-rendered avatar (or hominoid) and the CAD-rendered graphics of a prospective workspace, one can simulate issues regarding who can fit, reach, see, manipulate, and so on. In this chapter, I briefly describe the development of various DHM methods to improve CAD systems. Past concerns about early DHM methods are discussed, followed by a description of some of the recent major developments that represent attempts by various groups to address the early concerns. In this latter context, methods are described for using anthropometric databases to ensure that population shape and size are well modeled. Efforts to integrate various biomechanical models into DHM systems also are described, followed by a section that outlines how human motions are being modeled in different DHM systems. In a final section, I discuss recent work to merge cognitive models of human performance with DHM models of manual tasks. Much has been accomplished in recent years to make digital human models more useful and effective in resolving ergonomics issues during the design of products and manufacturing processes, but much remains to be learned and applied in this rapidly evolving aspect of ergonomics.
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Michaelis, Martina, Carmen Witte (née Farian), Barbara Schüle, Katrin Frick, and Monika A. Rieger. "Can Motivational Interviewing Make a Difference in Supporting Employees to Deal with Elevated Blood Pressure? A Feasibility Study at the Workplace." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084179.
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Background: To overcome the problem of a high prevalence of undiscovered or untreated arterial hypertension in people of working age, the effects of behavioral change counseling in occupational health (OH) services should be investigated. The technique of motivational interviewing (MI) to support health-related lifestyle changes by physicians and/or occupational nurses (‘health coach’) has been shown to be successful in patients with chronic diseases. In 2010, we planned a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with employees who suffer from mild arterial hypertension. A preliminary feasibility study was performed in a large manufacturing company in Germany. Methods: All employees with elevated blood pressure measured by the OH-service were invited to undergo validation by 30 self-measurements. Persons with validated elevated values and without medical treatment received either usual hypertension counseling (control group, CG) or intensified MI-counseling (intervention group, IG) by the occupational health physician. Subsequently, the IG received MI-support from the ‘health coach’ in four telephone counseling sessions. Assessed feasibility factors included organizational processes, the acceptance of the validation procedure and the MI-counseling, and as primary outcome for an RCT the extent to which participants made health-related changes to their lifestyles. Results: Initially, 299 individuals were included in Study Part A (screening). At the end of Study Part B (intervention), out of 34 participants with validated and non-treated mild hypertension, only 7 (IG) and 6 (CG) participants completed the intervention including documentation. The high drop-out rate was due to the frequent lack of willingness to perform the 30 self-measurements at home with their own equipment. Acceptance was little higher when we changed the method to two repeated measurements in the OH service. MI-counseling, especially by the health coach, was evaluated positively. Conclusions: Despite the promising counseling approach, the feasibility study showed that an RCT with previous screening in the operational setting can only be implemented with high financial and personnel effort to reach an appropriate number of subjects. This substantial result could only be achieved through this comprehensive feasibility study, which investigated all aspects of the planned future RCT.
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Andargie, Mebeaselassie, Maria Vinas, Anna Rathgeb, Evelyn Möller, and Petr Karlovsky. "Lignans of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A Comprehensive Review." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040883.
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Major lignans of sesame sesamin and sesamolin are benzodioxol--substituted furofurans. Sesamol, sesaminol, its epimers, and episesamin are transformation products found in processed products. Synthetic routes to all lignans are known but only sesamol is synthesized industrially. Biosynthesis of furofuran lignans begins with the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol, followed by the formation of dioxoles, oxidation, and glycosylation. Most genes of the lignan pathway in sesame have been identified but the inheritance of lignan content is poorly understood. Health-promoting properties make lignans attractive components of functional food. Lignans enhance the efficiency of insecticides and possess antifeedant activity, but their biological function in plants remains hypothetical. In this work, extensive literature including historical texts is reviewed, controversial issues are critically examined, and errors perpetuated in literature are corrected. The following aspects are covered: chemical properties and transformations of lignans; analysis, purification, and total synthesis; occurrence in Seseamum indicum and related plants; biosynthesis and genetics; biological activities; health-promoting properties; and biological functions. Finally, the improvement of lignan content in sesame seeds by breeding and biotechnology and the potential of hairy roots for manufacturing lignans in vitro are outlined.
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Quintieri, Fanelli, and Caputo. "Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: An Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies." Foods 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090372.
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Microbial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a growing threat to public health mostly because it makes the fight against microorganisms that cause lethal infections ever less effective. Thus, the surveillance on MDR microorganisms has recently been strengthened, taking into account the control of antibiotic abuse as well as the mechanisms underlying the transfer of antibiotic genes (ARGs) among microbiota naturally occurring in the environment. Indeed, ARGs are not only confined to pathogenic bacteria, whose diffusion in the clinical field has aroused serious concerns, but are widespread in saprophytic bacterial communities such as those dominating the food industry. In particular, fresh dairy products can be considered a reservoir of Pseudomonas spp. resistome, potentially transmittable to consumers. Milk and fresh dairy cheeses products represent one of a few “hubs” where commensal or opportunistic pseudomonads frequently cohabit together with food microbiota and hazard pathogens even across their manufacturing processes. Pseudomonas spp., widely studied for food spoilage effects, are instead underestimated for their possible impact on human health. Recent evidences have highlighted that non-pathogenic pseudomonads strains (P. fluorescens, P. putida) are associated with some human diseases, but are still poorly considered in comparison to the pathogen P. aeruginosa. In addition, the presence of ARGs, that can be acquired and transmitted by horizontal genetic transfer, further increases their risk and the need to be deeper investigated. Therefore, this review, starting from the general aspects related to the physiological traits of these spoilage microorganisms from fresh dairy products, aims to shed light on the resistome of cheese-related pseudomonads and their genomic background, current methods and advances in the prediction tools for MDR detection based on genomic sequences, possible implications for human health, and the affordable strategies to counteract MDR spread.
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Tyx, R. E., A. J. Rivera, L. M. Keong, and S. B. Stanfill. "An exploration of smokeless tobacco product nucleic acids: a combined metagenome and metatranscriptome analysis." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10232-3.
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AbstractSmokeless tobacco (ST) products are used worldwide and are a major public health concern. In addition to harmful chemicals found in these products, microbes found in ST products are believed to be responsible for generating harmful tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), the most abundant carcinogens in ST. These microbes also contribute endotoxins and other pro-inflammatory components. A greater understanding of the microbial constituents in these products is sought in order to potentially link select design aspects or manufacturing processes to avoidable increases in harmful constituents. Previous studies looked primarily at bacterial constituents and had not differentiated between viable vs nonviable organisms, so in this study, we sought to use a dual metatranscriptomic and metagenomic analysis to see if differences exist. Using high-throughput sequencing, we observed that there were differences in taxonomic abundances between the metagenome and metatranscriptome, and in the metatranscriptome, we also observed an abundance of plant virus RNA not previously reported in DNA-only studies. We also found in the product tested, that there were no viable bacteria capable of metabolizing nitrate to nitrite. Therefore, the product tested would not be likely to increase TSNAs during shelf storage. We tested only a single product to date using the strategy presented here, but succeeded in demonstrating the value of using of these methods in tobacco products. These results present novel findings from the first combined metagenome and metatranscriptome of a commercial tobacco product.
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Ali, Mohammad Yeakub, Farhana Sulaiman, Asfana Banu, Mohamed Abdul Rahman, and Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza. "Investigation of Accuracy in Microdrilling with Minimum Quantity Lubrication." Materials Science Forum 882 (January 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.882.3.
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Cutting fluid plays an important role in machining processes to achieve dimensional accuracy, reduce tool wear, and improve tool life. Use of flood cooling conventionally used in machining is not cost effective and consumption of huge amount of cutting fluids is not health and environmental friendly. Therefore, one of the alternatives is to use minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) in machining process. MQL is eco-friendly and has economical advantage on manufacturing cost. Study of the effects of MQL on burrs and aspect ratio should be carried out because burrs and aspect ratio are important issues in microdrilled parts used as microfluidic channels in bio-medical applications. In case of micromachining, flood cooling is not recommended to avoid any possible damage of the microstructures. As a result alternative solutions are sought. This paper investigates and compares burrs and aspect ratio in dry microdrilling and microdrilling with the presence of MQL on aluminium alloy 1100. The relationship among tool diameter, feed rate, and spindle speed on the area affected by burrs and drilled hole aspect ratio are analysed. The values of aspect ratio for both conditions show that there is slight improvement on aspect ratio in MQL over dry drilling. MQL has significant influence on affected area by burrs. It is observed that low spindle speed, high feed rate, and bigger drill diameter should be used along with MQL to reduce burrs.
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Deev, I. A., O. S. Kobyakova, V. A. Boykov, I. P. Shibalkov, S. V. Baranovskaya, L. M. Protasova, G. V. Shnaider, and T. A. Suvorova. "RESULTS OF THE STANDARD’s IMPLEMENTATION ON ORGANIZING OUTPATIENT CARE DELIVERY IN THE TOMSK REGION." Social Aspects of Population Health 66, no. 6 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2020-66-6-1.
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Significance. Within the territory of the Tomsk region, experience of medical organizations in applying lean manufacturing technologies to improve individual processes of outpatient care delivery was summarized and presented in the format of a unified document - Standard for organizing outpatient care in the Tomsk region, which regulated common approaches towards polyclinic work organization. The purpose of the study is to evaluate effectiveness of implementing the Standard for organizing outpatient care in the Tomsk region. Methods. The Standard included 14 sections regulating activities of structural divisions of polyclinics and individual aspects of the work organization of medical organizations. To assess effectiveness of the Standard's activities, a list of indicators has been developed and monitored on a monthly basis. To implement the project, each polyclinic has developed a detailed tactical implementation plan with a deep decomposition of activities, specifying deadlines and responsible persons. Results. Plans’ analysis after the first four weeks of the Standard's implementation failed to show any statistically significant results. However, starting from the second month of the implementation, significant differences in performance indicators were found in polyclinics with different levels of implementation. Decrease in the number of complaints about organization and quality of medical services is associated with introduction of the Standard’s sections, including organization of call centers, introduction of the 5s system at workplace, use of aid chains by employees, as well as changes in approaches to routing patients (booking an appointment for consultation and follow-up appointments during initial appointment, activities of offices of routine care organization, etc.). In addition, the number of complaints from citizens was significantly lower in polyclinics that optimized the work of treatment rooms, implemented the system of patient’ evaluation of the polyclinic and improved navigation. Conclusion. The systematic application of lean manufacturing technologies to optimize activities of polyclinics can increase efficiency of their functioning. However, improvement of certain parameters that characterize effectiveness of medical organizations turned out to reversible, which is of interest from the point of view of the development of measures aimed at increasing lifespan of the effect of the implemented changes. Scope of application. The study results can be useful by managers of medical organizations when implementing a lean manufacturing system and by regional authorities in the field of public health when coordinating such projects.
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Mitovski, Aleksandra, Dragana Zivkovic, Ljubisa Balanovic, Nada Strbac, and Zivan Zivkovic. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of lead-free solders from the environmental protection aspect." Chemical Industry 63, no. 3 (2009): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0903163m.
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Life-cycle assessment (LCA) presents a relatively new approach, which allows comprehensive environmental consequences analysis of a product system over its entire life. This analysis is increasingly being used in the industry, as a tool for investigation of the influence of the product system on the environment, and serves as a protection and prevention tool in ecological management. This method is used to predict possible influences of a certain material to the environment through different development stages of the material. In LCA, the product systems are evaluated on a functionally equivalent basis, which, in this case, was 1000 cubic centimeters of an alloy. Two of the LCA phases, life-cycle inventory (LCA) and life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA), are needed to calculate the environmental impacts. Methodology of LCIA applied in this analysis aligns every input and output influence into 16 different categories, divided in two subcategories. The life-cycle assessment reaserch review of the leadfree solders Sn-Cu, SAC (Sn-Ag-Cu), BSA (Bi-Sb-Ag) and SABC (Sn-Ag-Bi-Cu) respectively, is given in this paper, from the environmental protection aspect starting from production, through application process and finally, reclamation at the end-of-life, i.e. recycling. There are several opportunities for reducing the overall environmental and human health impacts of solder used in electronics manufacturing based on the results of the LCA, such as: using secondary metals reclaimed through post-industrial recycling; power consumption reducing by replacing older, less efficient reflow assembly equipment, or by optimizing the current equipment to perform at the elevated temperatures required for lead-free soldering, etc. The LCA analysis was done comparatively in relation to widely used Sn-Pb solder material. Additionally, the impact factors of material consumption, energy use, water and air reserves, human health and ecotoxicity have been ALSO considered including the potentials for dissolution and recycling processes.
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Bose, Prosenjit, and Godfried Toussaint. "Geometric and computational aspects of manufacturing processes." Computers & Graphics 18, no. 4 (July 1994): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(94)90061-2.
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Ceppa, Clara. "Spreading the Culture of a Sustainable Manufacturing of Eco-Fashion Products. Focus on International Brands that make the Synergy between Fashion Design and Sustainability their Success." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2692.
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Currently, consumers are eager to know the exact origin of the products they consume, the methods of production and raw materials which have been used. During the last decades, consumers have developed new concerns: the welfare of workers and farm animals, the sustainability of production processes and an environmental protection. People need to learn a new consumption behave in order to rediscover the culture of living in harmony with nature. So that products can be good and healthy, not only the used materials and the processing phases have to be sustainable: often there are factors which we do not consider cause they seem obvious, but the environmental costs are hidden everywhere (e.g. packaging, supply-chain, etc.). In this sense, eco-fashion design is the result of a fruitful synergy between fashion and sustainability. Clothing and accessories are manufactured in view of a new mission that considers reduction of waste, a use of high-quality natural materials and improves the general job conditions. Wear "green" should not only be a style, but the foundation of a philosophy of life centered in full compliance with own conscience and the ecosystem which we live. Within this renewed and hoped attention to environmental needs, also clothing will come from green production systems; moreover it will suggest new ways of living and behaviour promoting, in addition to the wrap function, a new communicative function. Every eco-fashion products of the future will be evolved, virtuous, fully sustainable (environmentally, socially and ethically speaking) and will be the proposer of ethical consumption and environmental protection. In this publication will be analyzed why it is fair to buy eco, showing new fashion brands that have created their own identity, starting from the ideal of a low environmental impact. The various brands are analyzed, criticized or praised. Is wondering about the various collections, the company's mission, emphasizing the ethical, environmental and social aspects.
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Tagle-Salazar, Pablo D., Krishna D. P. Nigam, and Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio. "Parabolic trough solar collectors: A general overview of technology, industrial applications, energy market, modeling, and standards." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 595–649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0059.
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AbstractMany innovative technologies have been developed around the world to meet its energy demands using renewable and nonrenewable resources. Solar energy is one of the most important emerging renewable energy resources in recent times. This study aims to present the state-of-the-art of parabolic trough solar collector technology with a focus on different thermal performance analysis methods and components used in the fabrication of collector together with different construction materials and their properties. Further, its industrial applications (such as heating, cooling, or concentrating photovoltaics), solar energy conversion processes, and technological advancements in these areas are discussed. Guidelines on commercial software tools used for performance analysis of parabolic trough collectors, and international standards related to performance analysis, quality of materials, and durability of parabolic trough collectors are compiled. Finally, a market overview is presented to show the importance and feasibility of this technology. We believe the compilation of reviews related to the above aspects will further provide impetus for the development of this technology in the near future.
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Ahmed, Selim, Noor Hazilah Abd Manaf, and Rafikul Islam. "Effects of Six Sigma initiatives in Malaysian private hospitals." International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 10, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-08-2017-0099.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate applications of Six Sigma methodology in Malaysian private hospitals. It measures Six Sigma initiatives of the private hospitals based on demographics such as gender, position and working experience. Design/methodology/approach The present study measures Six Sigma initiatives of private hospitals and used stratified random sampling to collect data from eight selected hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia. The respondents of the study include doctors, nurses, pharmacists and medical laboratory technologists. In this study, 520 questionnaires were distributed to respondents who are working in Malaysian private hospitals. In total, 251 responses were received (48.27 per cent response rate). The descriptive analysis, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were undertaken using SPSS version 23. Findings The findings of this study indicate that male respondents have better perception on four aspects of Six Sigma applications such as process improvement tools, process improvement methods, manage quality improvement activities and formal planning process compared to female respondents. The research findings also indicate that doctors have better perception regarding process improvement tools to measure quality improvement process, leadership to continuous improvement processes, training in process improvement tools for employees’ skill improvement compared to nurses, pharmacists, medical laboratory technologists. Research limitations/implications The present research focussed solely on the Malaysian private hospitals, and thus the results might not be applicable to other countries. This study focussed on Six Sigma initiatives of private hospitals in Malaysia, while the future research may consider investigating the difference or conformance between private and public hospitals on Six Sigma initiatives and its relationship with quality performance. In addition, present study findings are expected to provide guidelines to enhance the applications of Six Sigma methodology in private hospitals in Malaysia as well as other countries. Originality/value This research provides theoretical and practical contributions for the Six Sigma initiatives in private hospitals. Most of the past studies of Six Sigma initiatives are centred on manufacturing sector, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the health-care organisation. Thus, findings of the present study on the health-care sector contribute to the on-going pursuit of knowledge in the area of Six Sigma by using the strength of related theories and parent disciplines.
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Adhia, Hasmukh, H. R. Nagendra, and B. Mahadevan. "Impact of Adoption of Yoga Way of Life on the Reduction of Job Burnout of Managers." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 35, no. 2 (April 2010): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920100203.
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Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. Job burn-out is a debilitating psychological condition, which has serious repercussions for an individual's personal health as also on the organizational effectiveness. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and has placed the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people�s relation to their work. As a holistic science concerned with all aspects of human functioning, yogic science provides a unifying framework by which stress can be understood and eliminated. Yoga involves a systematic method by which we can begin to expand our awareness of the processes which lead to stress and thus gain control over them. Yoga way of life has direct relevance to address the issue of stress and burnout. While several studies in the past have acknowledged this aspect and discussed various ways by which Yoga can address this aspect, till date very little effort has gone into empirically assessing the impact of Yoga way of life. The main contribution of this paper is to fill this gap. This study hypothesizes that managers who learn and adopt the Yoga way of life will be able to reduce their job burnout better than the others who engage in other things to improve their physical and mental progress. An experiment was conducted to collect data and test the hypothesis in a manufacturing unit. The results show that adoption of the Yoga way of life can significantly reduce the job burnout of managers. The Yoga way of life is an integrated approach to the changing physical, mental, vital and emotional personality of an individual. It is aimed at making managers more evolved individuals with better understanding of their job situation in the overall context of life. Through a rigorous literature review and understanding of the science of Yoga as given in our scriptures, the paper also provides an explanation of the mechanism of how this happens. Among many suggested coping skills for stress, yoga happens to be fitting in the best, mainly because of its ability to change positively the individual responses to stress stimuli. However, in order to get benefit of Yoga in its entirety, one has to adopt Yoga as a technique of life management. The authors motivate the HR managers in organizations to explore ways of implementing the Yoga way of life as it promises to address the issue of stress at a fundamental level.
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Brinksmeier, E., D. A. Lucca, and A. Walter. "Chemical Aspects of Machining Processes." CIRP Annals 53, no. 2 (2004): 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60035-3.
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Sheikh, A. K., S. M. Zubair, M. Younas, and M. O. Budair. "Statistical aspects of fouling processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 215, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440890121500406.
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Fouling in heat exchangers is traditionally characterized by deterministic (linear or nonlinear) kinetic models of fouling deposition and removal processes. This deterministic approach to fouling does not reflect the real situation of heat exchangers subject to fouling. The observations in a real situation of fouling of heat exchangers, when compared with the results obtained from predictive models, show a large discrepancy. This discrepancy in the fouling literature is normally referred to as uncertainty of the process. In this paper an attempt is made to model this uncertainty by characterizing the fouling as a correlated random process. The deterministic kinetic models (available in the literature) are randomized by treating their parameters as random quantities. Three fouling patterns are characterized by Rf(t) = Bt for the linear process, Rf(t) = mtn for the power law process with a falling rate (0 n ≤ 1) and Rf(t) = Rf∗[1 − exp (—t/τ)] for an asymptotic process, where t > 0 and B, m, Rf∗ and τ are the random process parameters with associated distributions. Fouling causes the performance loss of heat exchangers which can be tolerated up to a certain limit (i.e. critical level of fouling, Rfc), and thus it is of interest to find P[R(t) ≤ Rfc] = P(T > t) where T is the time to reach Rfc. Such distributions are developed in this paper, which are validated against the available data in the literature. It is demonstrated that alpha, modified alpha and Weibull are the most appropriate models to characterize the time to reach a critical level of fouling, if the underlying random fouling growth laws are linear, power law and asymptotic respectively. Knowledge of these distributions and the methods to determine their parameters is useful for devising appropriate maintenance and cleaning schedules in a probabilistic framework.
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Ducrée, Jens. "Efficient Development of Integrated Lab-On-A-Chip Systems Featuring Operational Robustness and Manufacturability." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120886.
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The majority of commercially oriented microfluidic technologies provide novel point-of-use solutions for laboratory automation with important areas in the context of the life sciences such as health care, biopharma, veterinary medicine and agrifood as well as for monitoring of the environment, infrastructures and industrial processes. Such systems are often composed of a modular setup exhibiting an instrument accommodating rather conventional actuation, detection and control units which interfaces with a fluidically integrated “Lab-on-a-Chip” device handling (bio-)sample(s) and reagents. As the complex network of tiny channels, chambers and surface-functionalised zones can typically not be properly cleaned and regenerated, these microfluidic chips are mostly devised as single-use disposables. The availability of cost-efficient materials and associated structuring, functionalisation and assembly schemes thus represents a key ingredient along the commercialisation pipeline and will be a first focus of this work. Furthermore, and owing to their innate variability, investigations on biosamples mostly require the acquisition of statistically relevant datasets. Consequently, intermediate numbers of consistently performing chips are already needed during application development; to mitigate the potential pitfalls of technology migration and to facilitate regulatory compliance of the end products, manufacture of such pilot series should widely follow larger-scale production schemes. To expedite and de-risk the development of commercially relevant microfluidic systems towards high Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), we illustrate a streamlined, manufacturing-centric platform approach employing the paradigms of tolerance-forgiving Design-for-Manufacture (DfM) and Readiness for Scale-up (RfS) from prototyping to intermediate pilot series and eventual mass fabrication. Learning from mature industries, we further propose pursuing a platform approach incorporating aspects of standardisation in terms of specification, design rules and testing methods for materials, components, interfaces, and operational procedures; this coherent strategy will foster the emergence of dedicated commercial supply chains and also improve the economic viability of Lab-on-a-Chip systems often targeting smaller niche markets by synergistically bundling technology development.
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Adachi, Shuji. "Engineering aspects of rate-related processes in food manufacturing." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 79, no. 4 (January 6, 2015): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2014.997188.
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Maščeník, Jozef, Slavko Pavlenko, and Luba Bicejova. "Plasma Gear Manufacturing Thermal Aspects." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.592.
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The goal of the submitted paper is to provide information on gear production by means of non-conventional technology to rise production effectiveness. The work is aimed to innovative methods at production of spurs by means of assisting non-conventional technology of laser, plasma and water jet cutting. On the base of an analysis of material cutting, an optimal non-conventional technology for gear manufacturing was chosen, i.e. plasma cutting. The application of the mentioned technology influences a change of the structure of the cutting surface material, which has an impact on the cutting quality and following gear manufacturing processes. The intention of the experimental research was to look for elimination of thermal impact on structure of material used for gear manufacturing.
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Masso, Malcolm, Glenn Robert, Grace McCarthy, and Kathy Eagar. "The Clinical Services Redesign Program in New South Wales: perceptions of senior health managers." Australian Health Review 34, no. 3 (2010): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah08720.
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Objective.This study explores the views of senior managers regarding their experience of participating in the Clinical Services Redesign Program (CSRP) in New South Wales and the impact of that Program. Methods.Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2007 with 42 senior managers working in the NSW health system. Results.Managers reported being increasingly oriented towards efficiency, achieving results and using data to support decision-making. The increased focus on managing performance was accompanied by concerns about the narrowness of the indicators being used to manage performance and how these are applied. The value placed by interviewees on the use of ‘competition’ as a lever for improving services varied. Leadership was repeatedly identified as important for long-term success and sustainability. No one was confident that the CSRP had yet been sufficiently embedded in day to day practice in order for it to keep going on its own. Conclusion.Our findings are generally consistent with the extensive literature on change management, performance management and leadership. Some cultural change has taken place in terms of observed patterns of behaviour but it is unrealistic to think that CSRP can on its own deliver the desired deeper cultural changes in the values and assumptions underpinning the NSW Health system. There is some evidence of dysfunctional aspects of performance management but no call for the focus on performance or redesign to be abandoned. What is known about the topic?There has been growing interest internationally in the potential of industrial process improvement models (such as business process re-engineering, Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing) to secure sustained improvements in the efficiency of healthcare services. Such approaches are often accompanied by the implementation of a rigorous performance management system. However, overall results in the healthcare sector have been mixed with outcomes sometimes falling short of stated ambitions. To date, in-depth research into the use of such approaches and systems in Australia has been limited. What does this paper add?This paper reports on research in New South Wales to evaluate one such approach: the 3-year Clinical Services Redesign Program that aims to achieve transformational, sustainable, system-wide change by ‘undertaking deep seated structural and cultural reform of traditional work practices’. The original CSRP business case envisaged a radical – rather than incremental – approach to system change, in keeping with a ‘re-engineering’ ethos. The qualitative findings presented here are based on interviews in 2007 with 42 senior health managers working at different levels of the health system. These interviews explored the experience of participating in the CSRP and elicited views as to the perceived impact of the Program from a managerial perspective. The findings are related to theories of system level change and compared with the emerging evidence-base relating to large-scale improvement strategies in healthcare. What are the implications for practitioners?Managers support the principle of managing performance by setting targets, with concerns primarily about the narrow focus of the selected targets, how the targets are applied locally and the nature of their central monitoring. Targets need to be well defined and measure the processes and outcomes that really matter. The principle of linking performance with service redesign was also supported. However, interviewees did not believe that changing culture to achieve sustainable change could be brought about by a single centrally-led change program. Significantly, leadership was seen as a critical factor in improving performance but needs to be considered within a broad framework (i.e. a system of leadership) that relies on more than just the attributes of individuals. Finally, management development should not be overlooked, or seen as less important than leadership development. Improvement projects frequently fail in implementation and this is as much a management issue as a leadership issue.
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Basbeth, Firdaus. "Does Risk Based Thinking Matters to Support Business Sustainability A Workshop Provided for Community of Forum Standardisasi Indonesia." Journal of Sustainable Community Development (JSCD) 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/jscd.v2i2.20.
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Risk can appear in any form such as environmental risk, business risk, and health and safety risk. Many companies especially in manufacturing sectors, they are generally familiar with the process of identification, evaluate and control the environmental, health and safety risk predominantly in operational level to keep their process safe for the people and environment. However, when it comes to business risk, the company's understanding, method, and level of implementation should be adjusted to achieve business objectives and fulfill requirements which implied in the new IS 9001:2018 quality standards. Although there are no special requirements for the organization to maintain or retain documented information related to addressing risks and opportunities, organizations can choose to do so and this will be influenced by the size and nature of the organization. Many organizations don’t have a clear understanding of maintaining and managing lists of business risks and opportunities properly. For this reason, equipping oneself with knowledge related to risk-based thinking and risk management is very important. The aim of the workshop is to improve understanding of Risk-Based Thinking in business processes related to their internal and external business context, specifically in risk identification, evaluating the risks that have been identified, managing the risks at every level effectively. The workshop is carried out in third stages: firstly facilitator explains the workshop material, followed by questions and answers, and finally, the workshop participants were involved in a risk identification and risk assessment simulation. The cognitive aspect of the participants was obtained through a pre-test and post-test, showed that understanding of risk-based thinking is increased, as well as the skill to use tools to be used to manage risk.
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Ciplea, Agnes M., Karl Kleine, Björn B. Burckhardt, Stephanie Läer, Jörg Breitkreutz, Lucie Špatenková, and Ingrid Klingmann. "DEVELOPMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A QUALITY-FRAMEWORK FOR THE LENA PROJECT." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): e1.70-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.72.
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BackgroundThe LENA (Labeling of Enalapril from Neonates up to Adolescents) project has been initiated to improve the healthcare of children with heart failure by an enalapril orodispersible mini-tablet. The LENA consortium combines academic clinical research centers, SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) and a patient/parent advocacy organization. The objective of the project requires to comply with respective GxP regulations like Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), Good Clinical (Laboratory) Practice (GCP/“GCLP”1) and Good Vigilance Practice (GVP). The project team is comprised of sub-teams experienced in paediatric clinical practice, medicines development, clinical research and project management, but not all team members work in an appropriate quality framework. Aim: To establish a well-documented, efficient quality system applying a new approach for ensuring quality in all trial aspects by combining existing organization-related quality system elements of the project partners with newly developed SOPs and overarching, integrating trial-specific elements to ensure a reliable quality environment for the LENA Phase I clinical trial.MethodsBased on the network-structure of the project organization, a strategy based on a team approach with joint responsibilities for the quality conduct of the project was pursuit, forming a QM Team consisting of the project leader, the leaders for pharmaceutical and clinical development and an external quality expert. The team compiled a quality manual and an organizational chart displaying the sub-teams and their responsibilities. Another responsibility of the team is the integration of existing SOPs and Work Instructions as well as the creation of procedures at the project level and furthermore the verification of appropriate qualification of all staff involved in the project through CVs, job descriptions and training records.ResultsFor the Phase I study, a thorough analysis of all existing relevant SOPs and Work Instructions, forms and other quality elements was performed, uncovered trial-related processes were identified and a work plan was established to fill the gaps with the smallest possible number of newly developed organization-related SOPs/Work Instructions and by preparing trial-specific process manuals. Demonstration of the trial team members was ensured by completing documentation concerning CVs, job description and training records. Among the sub-teams, the GCLP environment of the bioanalytical laboratory was started from scratch and could adequately support the LENA Phase I study by “GCLP” quality work and sample logistics.ConclusionThe consortiums approach enabled the preparation of a comprehensive, reliable GxP compliant quality system within a short timeframe and with the limited resources of a publicly funded project.1 “GCLP” is used as acronym for a quality system established in compliance with “Reflection paper for laboratories that perform the analysis or evaluation of clinical trial samples” (EMA/INS/GCP/532137/2010; 28 February 2012)The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n°602295 (LENA).
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Hashmi, M. S. J. "Aspects of tube and pipe manufacturing processes: Meter to nanometer diameter." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 179, no. 1-3 (October 2006): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.104.
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Hungenberg, Klaus-Dieter, Ulrich Nieken, Knut Zöllner, Jun Gao, and Alex Szekely. "Modeling Safety Aspects of Styrene Polymerization Processes†." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 8 (April 2005): 2518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0495372.
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Li, Bing Bing, Hong Chao Zhang, Qing Di Ke, Li Ding, and Lei Zhang. "Overview of Energy Consumption Model for Manufacturing Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2288.
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The energy consumption for manufacturing processes is the largest impact contributor in various characterization categories, based on the assessment of environmental effects during the whole life cycle. It is necessary to investigate the manufacturing processes in depth to find out mechanism that can improve energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive overview on two important aspects of energy consumption models for manufacturing processes: 1) two data collection methods: top-down and bottom-up; 2) two process-based analytical methods: thermodynamic model (including energy flow analysis and exergy analysis), and mechanical model. These models can improve energy efficiency.
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Komanduri, Ranga. "Proposal for a New Course on the Thermal Aspects of Manufacturing Processes." Heat Transfer Engineering 22, no. 3 (June 2001): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014576301300092469.
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Keramati, Bahram. "Thermomechanical aspects of manufacturing and materials processing." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 13, no. 3 (September 1992): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-727x(92)90045-b.
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Pop, Alina Bianca, and Mihail Aurel Țîțu. "Study Regarding the Quality Assurance in Manufacturing Processes." Management of Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msd-2017-0002.
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Abstract In this paper, the most important aspects of the quality management of end milling processes on aluminum alloys, are presented. The first part of the paper includes the presentation of the machining activities such: design, planning, programming and control that transform the inputs (workpiece) into finished products. In the second part the research problem was defined by setting a fundamental objective and identifying the specific objectives which contribute to achieve the fundamental objective. In this context an experimental study, was performed, starting with the organization and conducting the end milling process, in which the cutting regime were established, then the characteristic measured parameters were determined, so that the research factors and parameters will result.
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Tönshoff, H. K., R. Egger, and F. Klocke. "Environmental and Safety Aspects of Electrophysical and Electrochemical Processes." CIRP Annals 45, no. 2 (1996): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60510-1.
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Sanaullah Khan, Rao, John Vincent Grigor, Alan G. Win, and Mike Boland. "Differentiating aspects of product innovation processes in the food industry." British Food Journal 116, no. 8 (July 29, 2014): 1346–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2013-0094.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to sketch a comparative account of NPD approaches between registered New Zealand food companies that are doing some sort of functional foods (FF) development (Group 1) and those that are not (Group 2); to generate a better understanding of differences and commonalities in their NPD approaches from resource-based view of competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – This paper opted an exploratory approach using a quantitative survey across food manufacturing companies in New Zealand. The primary foci of this empirical investigation were: orientation towards the NPD, innovation processes, collaborative NPD links and routes to commercialisation. Findings – The results (based on a 22 per cent response rate) show a significant difference (p<0.05) in the aims and mode of NPD between Groups 1 and 2. Further it was observed that food companies in Group 1 have significantly (p<0.05) more diverse external collaborations with broader aims to collaborate, in comparison with food companies in Group 2. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted in New Zealand and thus generalisability of the findings may have to be interpreted carefully. Practical implications – The traditional NPD approach (independent and closed NPD), with loose intellectual property protection practices, dominates the food manufacturing industry in New Zealand. Research-oriented collaborations need to be strengthened in their scope and content to develop the innovative capabilities and capacities of small and medium enterprises (SME's) within future value-added food productions. Originality/value – This research provides the comparative narration of innovation process of food manufacturing companies with reference to FFs development.
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Agerman, Erik. "Aspects of computer support of engineering processes." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 10, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(93)90022-c.
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