Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids

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Academic literature on the topic 'Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids"

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Haag, Marianne. "Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 3 (April 2003): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800308.

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Objective: To review the role of essential fatty acids in brain membrane function and in the genesis of psychiatric disease. Method: Medline databases were searched for published articles with links among the following key words: essential fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexanoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, arachidonic acid, neurotransmission, phospholipase A2, depression, schizophrenia, mental performance, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry textbooks were consulted on the role of fatty acids in membrane function, neurotransmission, and eicosanoid formation. The 3-dimensional structures of fatty acids were obtained from the Web site of the Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona (2001). Results: The fatty acid composition of neuronal cell membrane phospholipids reflects their intake in the diet. The degree of a fatty acid's desaturation determines its 3-dimensional structure and, thus, membrane fluidity and function. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular, influences various aspects of serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission, as shown by studies in animal models. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids from membrane phospholipids: liberated omega-6 PUFAs are metabolized to prostaglandins with a higher inflammatory potential, compared with those generated from the omega-3 family. Thus the activity of PLA2 coupled with membrane fatty acid composition may play a central role in the development of neuronal dysfunction. Intervention trials in human subjects show that omega-3 fatty acids have possible positive effects in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, but more data are needed to make conclusive directives in this regard. Conclusion: The ratio of membrane omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs can be modulated by dietary intake. This ratio influences neurotransmission and prostaglandin formation, processes that are vital in the maintenance of normal brain function.
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Roke, Kaitlin, Jodi Rattner, Paula Brauer, and David M. Mutch. "Awareness of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Possible Health Effects among Young Adults." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 79, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2018-005.

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Purpose: To assess awareness of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) and their possible health effects among young adults. Methods: An online survey was deployed to young adults. Questionnaire development involved identification of topic areas by content experts and adaptation of questions from previous consumer surveys. Focus groups and cognitive interviews ensured face validity, feasibility, and clarity of survey questions. Degrees of awareness and self-reported consumption were assessed by descriptive statistics and associations by Cochran’s Q tests, Pearson’s χ2 tests, Z-tests, and logistic regression. Results: Of the 834 survey completers (aged 18–25 years), more respondents recognized the abbreviations EPA (∼51%) and DHA (∼66%) relative to ALA (∼40%; P ≤ 0.01). Most respondents (∼83%) recognized that EPA and DHA have been linked to heart and brain health. Respondents who used academic/reputable sources, healthcare professionals, and/or social media to obtain nutritional information were more likely to report awareness of these health effects (P ≤ 0.01). Finally, 48% of respondents reported purchasing or consuming omega-3 foods, while 21% reported taking omega-3 supplements. Conclusions: This baseline survey suggests a high level of awareness of some aspects of omega-3 fats and health in a sample of young adults, and social media has become a prominent source of nutrition and health information.
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Martínez-Martínez, María Isabel, Antoni Alegre-Martínez, and Omar Cauli. "Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Children: The Role of Family-Related Social Determinants." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113455.

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Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids play a central role in neuronal growth and in the development of the human brain, since they are essential elements which depend on intake through diet to ensure an adequate amount. Fish and seafood are the main dietary sources of these fatty acids in Spain and in other countries. In order to assess the effect of the intake of common foods containing high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a food frequency questionnaire was administered to parents of children and adolescents attending a primary school in Valencia (Spain), and the intake of dietary omega-3 such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was estimated based on their fish/seafood consumption. Low frequencies of intake were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for many types of fish/seafood in children compared to adolescents. 27.5% of children/adolescents did not eat lean fish or other types (19.8% of the sample did not eat fatty fish, and 71.8% did not eat smoked fish) and 20–60% of the sample consumed seafood only once–three times a month, leading to a reduced estimated intake of EPA+DHA below that recommended for both groups by public health agencies. Social aspects, such as the type of work done by mothers and their educational levels are significant factors (p < 0.05 in both cases) affecting children’s/adolescents’ intake of DHA+EPA. Dietary interventions to increase the consumption of fish and seafood are strongly advised, and health promotion strategies should be aimed at the family level and fight against gender disparities.
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Barragán-Pérez, Eduardo Javier, Irene Heredia-Barragán, and Rosana Huerta-Albarran. "Effectiveness of the use of an omega 3 and omega 6 combination(EquazenTM) in paediatric patients with refractory epilepsy." Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology 17, no. 4 (2011): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-26492011000400007.

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INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is considered a health problem. 85% of patients are satisfactorily controlled with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and 15% have refractory seizures. The combination of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids (EquazenTM) can contribute to changes in ionic currents and to stabilization of neurotransmitter's function resulting in cell membrane equilibrium. These changes lead to potential seizure control. OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety in the treatment of refractory epilepsy with a supplement combining EPA, DHA (omega 3 fatty acids) and GLA (omega 6 fatty acids). METHODS: We reviewed patients from the Neurology Department of the Children's Hospital of Mexico who have refractory epilepsy, evaluating clinical characteristics of seizures, number of seizures and AEDs. 792 mg of EPA, DHA and GLA per day (6 capsules of EquazenTM) were administrated for four weeks in order to assess the frequency of seizures as well as tolerability and probable side effects. RESULTS: The study was conducted with a total of 13 patients with follow-up four weeks after the start of supplementation. We obtained a satisfactory clinical response with ≥ 80% decrease in the daily number of seizures in more than 60% of patient. The mean of number of seizures over all patients was reduced significantly from 26.61±37.2 to 5.92 daily. In addition a significant improvement in the neurocognitive capacity was observedin all patients. CONCLUSION: The co-adjuvant supplementation with EquazenTM may result in a reduction of the number of seizures in refractory epilepsy having in addition significant impact on neurocognitive aspects. To enhance the quality of life of epileptic patient supplementation with a specific combination of EPA, DHA and GLA should be reconsidered.
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Pinheiro, Valentina F., Catarina Marçal, Helena Abreu, José A. Lopes da Silva, Artur M. S. Silva, and Susana M. Cardoso. "Physicochemical Changes of Air-Dried and Salt-Processed Ulva rigida over Storage Time." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162955.

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The impact of air-drying at 25 °C, brining at 25%, and dry-salting (at 28% and 40%) on the quality and nutritional parameters of Ulva rigida were evaluated over six months of storage. Overall, the main changes occurred in physical aspects during storage time, with U. rigida intensifying its yellow/browning tones, which were more evident in salt-treated samples. The force necessary to fracture the seaweed also increased under all the preservative conditions in the first month. Conversely, the nutritional parameters of U. rigida remained stable during the 180 days of storage. All processed samples showed a high content of insoluble and soluble fibers, overall accounting for 55%–57% dw, and of proteins (17.5%–19.2% dw), together with significant amounts of Fe (86–92 mg/kg dw). The total fatty acids pool only accounted for 3.9%–4.3% dw, but it was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (44%–49% total fatty acids), namely palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), and stearidonic (18:4) acids, with an overall omega 6/omega 3 ratio below 0.6, a fact that highlights their potential health-promoting properties.
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Amaral, Yasmin, Daniele Marano, Leila Silva, Aline Guimarães, and Maria Moreira. "Are There Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Milk with Supplementation of Omega-3 Sources? A Systematic Review." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 39, no. 03 (March 2017): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599094.

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Purpose To evaluate the effect of supplementation with omega-3 sources on the fatty acid composition of human milk. Methods The review consisted of the search for articles published in PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (Virtual Health Library[VHL]) and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: fatty acids, omega-3, human milk and supplementation; for this purpose, we have used the program of research to integrate the services for the maintenance of autonomy (PRISMA) checklist. The following selection criteria were used: articles in English, Portuguese, Spanish or Italian, published between 2000 and 2015, and about studies performed in humans. We found 710 articles that met the established criteria; however, only 22 of them were selected to be part of this study. Results All studies found a positive relationship between the consumption of omega-3 sources and their concentration in human milk. The differences in the findings are due to the distinct methods used, such as the specific time of the omega-3 supplementation, the type of omega-3 source offered, as well as the sample size. Conclusion Although the studies were different in several methodological aspects, it was possible to observe the importance of omega-3 supplementation during gestation and/or the puerperium.
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Wanden-Berghe, Carmina, and Javier Sanz-Valero. "Systematic reviews in nutrition: standardized methodology." British Journal of Nutrition 107, S2 (May 17, 2012): S3—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001432.

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The objective of this study is to establish a methodological proposal in order to carry out qualitative systematic reviews and apply these findings to a review of Omega-3 Fatty Acids with respect to health and illness. Based on a methodological proposal, a general protocol was developed to provide a sound basis for the preparation of the reviews in this journal supplement. A systematic technique was proposed in order to revise the existing scientific literature on Omega-3 Fatty Acids, with particular emphasis on aspects relating to health and illness. The aim of qualitative systematic reviews is to collate and summarise the results of the primary studies reviewed which will be carried out through a descriptive synthesis. It can be concluded that systematic reviews provide a summary of the existing primary documents on a specific scientific question. The detailed and explicit methods used lead to the identification, critical evaluation and synthesis of the scientific literature. Furthermore, both bias and random effects are reduced, resulting in more reliable data from which to draw conclusions and make recommendations to support decision-making.
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Bernardi, Juliana Rombaldi, Renata de Souza Escobar, Charles Francisco Ferreira, and Patrícia Pelufo Silveira. "Fetal and Neonatal Levels of Omega-3: Effects on Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Growth." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/202473.

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Nutrition in pregnancy, during lactation, childhood, and later stages has a fundamental influence on overall development. There is a growing research interest on the role of key dietary nutrients in fetal health. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) play an important role in brain development and function. Evidence from animal models of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs deficiency suggests that these fatty acids promote early brain development and regulate behavioral and neurochemical aspects related to mood disorders (stress responses, depression, and aggression and growth, memory, and cognitive functions). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest the role of n-3 LCPUFAs on neurodevelopment and growth. n-3 LCPUFAs may be an effective adjunctive factor for neural development, growth, and cognitive development, but further large-scale, well-controlled trials and preclinical studies are needed to examine its clinical mechanisms and possible benefits. The present paper discusses the use of n-3 LCPUFAs during different developmental stages and the investigation of different sources of consumption. The paper summarizes the role of n-3 LCPUFAs levels during critical periods and their effects on the children’s neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth.
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Sretenovic, Lj, V. Pantelic, M. Novakovic, Z. Novakovic, and D. Ostojic-Andric. "Production of beef meat with functional food roperties." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103373s.

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In this study the effects of ?Tradi-Lin? as a source of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) in diets for fattening cattle were presented. ?Tradi-Lin? produced from flax seed had 58% omega-3 and 15% omega-6 fatty acids of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Trial was carried out on three groups of finishing beef cattle (C, T1 and T2) with 15 heads in each and was lasted 60 days. The diets used based on maize silage and concentrate mixture. Cattle received 0, 300 and 700 g of ?Tradi-Lin? per day, respectively. At the end of trial heads were slaughtered and major parameters of the chemical composition and meat quality were determined. The results indicated that were no differences in saturated (50.85; 50.21; 50.34%) and unsaturated (49.15; 49.79; 49.66%) FA between treatments in intramuscular fat of the m. longissimus dorsi but ?Tradi-Lin? influenced the changes in structure of intramuscular fat and increased PUFA from 4.91 (C) to 5.54 (T1) and 7.31% (T2) ( P< 0.05). The increase of omega-3 FA from 0.36 (C) to 0.60 (T1) and 0.76% (T2) must be pointed out, ( P< 0.05). The omega-6 FA were also increased from 4.51 (C) to 4.94 (T1) and 6.22% (T2) (P>0.05) but omega-6: omega- 3 ratio was reduced from 12.25 (C) to 8.22 (T1) (P< 0.05) and 8.62(T2), (P<0.01). Trans unsaturated FA which are undesirable were decreased from 3.37% (C) to 2.43% (T1) and 2.36% (T2)(P<0.05). From nutritional aspect those results have a great importance, having in mind that omega-3 FA have a vital role in human health.
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Sanpaolo, Eliana R., Addolorata Corrado, and Francesco P. Cantatore. "Mediterranean Diet and Osteoarticular Diseases." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207322666191203103530.

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Background: Besides the well-known positive effect on the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, in the latest decades growing evidence has accumulated on the beneficial effects of MD on various aspects of health outcomes. Nevertheless, data concerning the existence of a direct positive effect of MD, irrespective of its beneficial effect on body weight, in osteo-articular diseases, are still controversial. In osteo-articular diseases, a pro-inflammatory environment is highlighted, with an increased systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: Our objective is to investigate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and osteo-articular diseases. Conclusion: Many foods included in MD, have anti-inflammatory properties, due to the presence of nutrients, such as polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fats. The two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, have opposing effects on the inflammatory process. Omega-6 stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while omega-3 fatty acids exert anti-inflammatory effects, including significant reductions in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Some studies have shown that the dietary pattern of MD consumption has an important role in the prevention and development of inflammatory arthritis. Nevertheless, the possible influence of MD on chronic osteo-articular diseases is very limited, this review updates the main experimental and clinical evidences concerning the potential beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet on the most diffuse osteo-articular chronic and degenerative joint disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids"

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Purcell, Robert. "Regulation of endothelial cell function by omega-3 fatty acids and their oxygenated metabolites : mediators of vascular protection?" Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701662.

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Mina, Kym Deanne. "Measurement of fish consumption in population-based studies of cancer." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0093.

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[Truncated abstract] The role of fish consumption and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention of disease has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. A clue that these factors might be of importance was the observation that populations consuming high levels of marine omega-3 PUFAs had lower rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. From there, research in this area has expanded to include a range of chronic diseases and their prevention. An area of particular interest is the role of fish consumption in the prevention of various cancers. In Australia, one in three men and one in four women are expected to be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 75. Identifying preventive factors that can be translated into constructive health promotional messages is of great importance in addressing this group of diseases that has such a large impact on the health and wellbeing of the population. ... Results and conclusions Analysis of the data from the population-based case-control study suggests a protective effect of preserved fish consumption, possibly due to the high oil content of these fish. The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring fish and seafood consumption as determined by regression analysis with an independent biomarker and reliability analysis using intra-class correlation. Importantly, reliability can be maintained despite asking a high level of detail from participants. For ranking according to overall fish consumption, detailed questioning is probably not necessary, however inclusion of variables representing multiple categories of fish and seafood consumption in a regression model enables us to better account for variation in blood omega-3 PUFA levels than a single variable representing overall consumption. For the purpose of questionnaire validation, plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte membrane levels of EPA and DHA are equivalent biomarkers of fish and seafood consumption. The choice between them by future investigators will be based on more practical aspects such as convenience and the fasting state of subjects. The tangible product of this thesis is additional evidence to support a protective association between fish consumption and prostate and breast cancers, and a valid and reliable questionnaire v for measuring habitual consumption of fish and seafood in a West Australian population, that could also be applied to other populations after minor adjustment for local fish and seafood consumption patterns.
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Slagsvold, Jens Erik. "N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Health and Disease - Clinical and Molecular Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for laboratoriemedisin, barne- og kvinnesykdommer, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5537.

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Omega-3 Flerumettede Fettsyrer og Helse – Kliniske og Molekylære Aspekter Omega-3 fettsyrer tilhører gruppen essensielle fettsyrer. Det betyr at vi ikke kan lage dem selv, men at de må tilføres gjennom kosten, hvor de bl.a. finnes i fet fisk, plantefrø, oljer og nøtter. I kroppen brukes de bl.a. som byggesteiner i hjernevev, øyet og cellemembraner, og til å lage en rekke forskjellige signalmolekyler. Studier tyder på at disse fettsyrene kan ha helsebringende effekter på mange områder, deriblant hjerte- og karsykdommer, betennelsestilstander og kreft. Et for lavt inntak av omega-3 fettsyrer er skadelig. Dagens metoder er ikke ideelle for å påvise for lavt omega-3 kostinntak. Vi har derfor undersøkt om måling av genuttrykket av Δ-6 og Δ-5 desaturaser, som er viktige i omdannelsen av fettsyrer, kan brukes som en markør på omega-3 ernæringsstatus. Vi fant at hvite blodceller i cellekultur oppregulerte genuttrykket av desaturasene når omega-3 fettsyrer manglet. Tilsvarende fant vi at genuttrykket av desaturasene var høyere hos friske forsøkspersoner som ikke spiste fiske enn hos dem som spiste fisk. Denne forskjellen forsvant etter to uker med omega-3 tilskudd. Dette indikerer at genuttrykket av desaturasene er regulert av kostinntaket av omega-3 fettsyrer, men det trengs ytterligere studier for å fastslå om dette kan benyttes diagnostisk til å påvise et for lavt kostinntak av disse essensielle fettsyrene. Flere befolkningsstudier viser at et høyt inntak av omega-3 fettsyrer er assosiert med lav forekomst av visse typer kreft. Dette er best dokumentert for bryst-, prostata- og tykktarmskreft. I cellekultur hemmer omega-3 fettsyrer vekst av kreftceller og gir programmert celledød (apoptose). Imidlertid er de molekylære mekanismene involvert uklare. Studier av genuttrykket til humane leukemiceller (HL60) behandlet med omega-3 fettsyren EPA, viste aktivering av et signalspor kalt ufoldet protein respons (UPR). Dette er en normal stress- og forsvars respons som gir cellene en mulighet til å gjenopprette likevekten og reparere skader før de fortsetter normal cellesyklus. Dersom stresset er for stort kan cellen gå i apoptose. Endringer i kalsiumnivåer i cellen kan utløse UPR. E2R2 celler, en klon av HL60 celler, er motstandsdyktige mot visse endringer i kalsiumnivået. De var mindre følsomme for EPA, og fikk ikke aktivert UPR responsen. Det er derfor sannsynlig at den veksthemmende effekten til EPA skyldes endringer i kalsiumlikevekten, som igjen aktiverer UPR responsen. Vi undersøkte også hvordan fettsyren DHA hemmer vekst av ondartede tykktarmskreftceller (SW620). Analyser av gen- og proteinutrykk viste at flere målproteiner for cellegift i kreftbehandling ble påvirket gunstig. I motsetning til cellegift, er omega-3 ufarlig og uten bivirkninger. Resultatene indikerer at omega-3 kan ha en plass i kreftbehandling, for eksempel i kombinasjon med dagens terapimetoder. Flere studier er nødvendige for å fastslå om behandling med omega-3 kan redusere bruken og/eller øke effekten av konvensjonell kreftbehandling. De foreløpige resultatene synes imidlertid allerede nå å kunne gi grunnlag for å anbefale kreftpasienter omega-3 tilskudd.
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Klopper, Tanya. "Safety and efficacy of n-3 enriched nutritional supplements in the management of cancer cachexia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1554.

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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Background At least 40 - 80% of all cancer patients develop some degree of clinical malnutrition and cachexia. The complex and multi-factorial nature of cancer cachexia and the inability of conventional nutrition intervention to reverse or attenuate the effects of this syndrome have driven investigators to consider new therapies and approaches to manage the syndrome of cancer cachexia including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 fatty acid of fish oil origin. Objectives The aim of this study was to review Phase I, Phase II and Phase III (RCT) trials investigating the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplementation in the treatment of cancer cachexia in adult patients with unresectable solid tumours, with special reference to weight loss, body composition, appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, functional status, acute phase response and quality of life. Adverse effects associated with EPA supplementation were also reviewed. Methodology and data collection The major databases were systematically searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria using a structured keyword search strategy or various combinations of these keywords. Relevancy of studies was assessed by two independent reviewers according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Jadad scale. Data extraction was performed by the principal reviewer and one of the independent reviewers, and investigators of the included studies were contacted where further information was required. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity of the data. However, where possible, the paired t-test was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive or non-quantitative analysis of the tabulated data provided a summary of the characteristics of the included studies enabling comparisons to be made between interventions and outcomes within the specified population. Results The search resulted in a total of 1408 citations, of which only 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, only 4 studies were of a good quality. Although the reported data was incomplete and variable, the combined analyses suggested that the effect of EPA supplementation on weight, fat mass, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and acute phase response was not significant. Interestingly there appeared to be a significant increase increased or decreased? in lean body mass (p<0.05). There was little or no data to draw any conclusions regarding the effect of supplementation on appetite and quality of life. Conclusion Despite several limitations in this review, the data collected and analysed are suggestive of the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation, but there remains a significant lack of substantial evidence and conclusive statistical analysis to confirm that EPA supplementation is a safe and effective method of intervention in the management of patients with cancer cachexia.
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McDaniel, Jodi C. "Omega-3 fatty acids effect on wound healing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186629013.

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Hanson, Jennifer Ann. "Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive outcomes in soldiers deployed to combat areas." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12016.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Human Nutrition
Mark D. Haub
Mark D. Haub
Psychological problems and human error are leading causes of death and disability among military service members. Strategies to improve the psychological health and cognitive performance of those in the military are much needed. Recent advances in neuroscience suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may play an important role in the psychological well-being of those in the military. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between omega-3 status and psychological outcome variables among soldiers deploying to combat. Data collection was preceded by the development and reliability testing of a novel food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to capture intake from contemporary sources of omega-3 fatty acids including functional foods and supplements. Based on the instrument assessment study (Chapter 2) conducted among university students (n = 165), this FFQ appears to be a comprehensive and reliable (n = 54, ρ = 0.86, p < 0.001) instrument for measuring docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) intakes in young adults. As described in Chapter 3, intake of EPA + DHA as estimated by the FFQ was positively correlated (r = 0.39, p < 0.001) with biomarker measurements of omega-3 status. Primary data were obtained from a volunteer sample of soldiers (n = 272) scheduled for deployment to Iraq. Preliminarily analyses revealed relationships between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) screening scores and psychological outcome variables (Chapter 4). Primary analyses (Chapter 5) indicated intake of EPA + DHA was not significantly correlated with mood, nor were omega-3 exposure variables correlated with cognitive performance based on the required p value (< 0.001) calculated using the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. Among participants with EPA + DHA intakes at or below the median, omega-3 HUFA was related (p < 0.002) to happiness (β = -0.46), depression (β = 0.44), and fatigue (β = 0.43). Although exploratory in nature, the results of this study suggest a relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and mood. Given the current concerns regarding the psychological health of those in the military, additional research is warranted.
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Orchard, Tonya Sue. "Fatty Acids and Risk of Fracture in Postmenopausal Women." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306513275.

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Honda, Kaori L. "Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on toll-like receptor 4-mediated macrophage inflammation and its regulation." Thesis, Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610861.

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Macrophages are a major source of pro-inflammatory factors in the arterial intima and play a central role in the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophages express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a plasma membrane receptor, which when activated triggers the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 expression and signaling have been positively associated with atherosclerotic lesion formation. Very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages, while saturated fatty acids have pro-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of enriching macrophages with EPA, DHA, or a saturated fatty acid on TLR4 cell surface expression and TLR4-mediated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is not well characterized. We hypothesized that the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines would be downregulated in EPA- or DHA-enriched macrophages stimulated with TLR4 ligand, which may be mediated by a reduction in cell surface expression of TLR4 and its associated molecules CD14 and MD2, while enrichment of macrophages with a saturated fatty acid would have the opposite effect.

The objective of this thesis was to use the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 to determine the effect of enriching the cell membrane with EPA, DHA, or a saturated fatty acid, myristic acid (MA), on TNFα and IL-6 production, cell surface expression of TLR4, and associated molecules CD14 and MD2 induced by ultra-pure LPS stimulation (a TLR4-specific agonist). The involvement of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in mediating the differential effect of DHA on TNFα and IL-6 production were also studied.

EPA- and DHA-enrichment decreased the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to ultra-pure LPS stimulation relative to control cells: a reduction in TNFα, IL-6 and PGE2 production, as well as NFκB activity was observed. In contrast, MA-enrichment did not potentiate the effect of ultra-pure LPS relative to control cells. EPA and DHA had a greater inhibitory effect on IL-6 compared to TNFα in both secretion and mRNA expression. This suggests an interference of signaling downstream of TLR4. Focusing on DHA, we found no effect on cell surface expression of TLR4, TLR4-MD2 complex or CD14, or the level of LPS-cell binding. Since NFκB is a major positive regulator of both TNFα and IL-6 gene transcription, we hypothesized that the weaker inhibitory effect of DHA on TNFα compared to IL-6 production may be due to the decrease in PGE2 production, since PGE2 has been previously reported to inhibit TNFα (possibly through the activation of CREB), and enhance IL-6 production. Addition of exogenous PGE2 had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on TNFα mRNA expression after 3 h of stimulation, but only at concentrations higher than that found to be secreted by our cells. However, inhibiting PGE2 production by a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor also resulted in a small reduction in TNFα mRNA levels after 3 h but not 6 h of stimulation, suggesting that PGE2 had a minor stimulatory effect (if any) on TNFα production under the conditions evaluated in our system. Neither increasing nor decreasing PGE2 concentration had any effect on IL-6 mRNA expression. Although these data confirm differential regulation of TNFα and IL-6 by PGE2, it does not seem to be likely that a reduced PGE 2 production potentially induced by DHA is a significant contributing factor to the observed weak inhibitory effect of DHA on TNFα production. Since DHA had no significant effect on CREB activity, the involvement of this transcription factor in the DHA-induced inhibition of TNFα and IL-6 was not pursued. The effect of chemically reducing NFκB activity resulted in a larger inhibitory effect on IL-6 compared to TNFα mRNA expression, which is similar to the effect of DHA. These data suggest that the differential effect of DHA on TNFα and IL-6 mRNA expression may be mediated primarily by a reduction in NFκB activity, and that regulatory mechanisms are partially different between the TNFα and IL-6 genes.

The results of this research add to the current understanding of the effect of very-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids on TLR4 activation and signaling, and address the cytokine-specific effects of EPA and DHA in TLR4-activated macrophages. These data will advance the efforts to develop more specifically defined anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA, which will lead to better understanding of the influence of EPA and DHA on atherosclerotic lesion progression.

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Thompson, Kylie M. "Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammation in Post-menopausal, Obese Women Completing the LAS-O3 Intervention." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491770537322619.

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Hantsoo, Liisa. "Fatty Acid Desaturase (FADS) Genetic Variants and Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake: Associations with Negative Affect." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1333466271.

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Books on the topic "Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids"

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Omega-3 fatty acids and health. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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Valentine, R. C. Omega-3 fatty acids and the DHA principle. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Valentine, R. C. Omega-3 fatty acids and the DHA principle. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010.

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L, Valentine David, ed. Omega-3 fatty acids and the DHA principle. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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The Ultimate Omega-3 Diet. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.

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United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease. Rockville, Md.]: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004.

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Calviello, Gabriella. Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Goodman, Jonathan. The Omega solution: Unleash the amazing, scientifically based healing power of Omega-3 & -6 fatty acids. Roseville, Calif: Prima Health, 2001.

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International Conference on the Health Effects of [omega]3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods (2nd 1990 Washington, D.C.). Health effects of [omega]3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods. Edited by Simopoulos Artemis P. Basel: Karger, 1990.

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International, Conference on the Health Effects of [omega]3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods (2nd 1990 Washington D. C. ). Health effects of [omega]3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods. Basel: Karger, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids"

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de Deckere, Emile A. M. "Health Aspects of Fish and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Plant and Marine Origin." In Nutritional Health, 195–206. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-226-5_13.

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Cherian, Gita. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids." In Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 169–77. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-330-1_13.

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Manivannan, Jeganathan, Thangarasu Silambarasan, Janakiraman Shanthakumar, Natarajan Suganya, and Shankar Kanchana. "Role of Antioxidants in Human Health." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 501–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_36.

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Georgiou, Tassos, and Ekatherine Prokopiou. "Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Eye Health." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 251–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_20.

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Nettleton, Joyce A. "Introduction to Fatty Acids." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health, 1–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2071-9_1.

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Gangal, Sudha. "Modulation of Immune Response by Omega-3 in Health and Disease." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 307–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_26.

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Puranik, Sarang S. "Emulsions of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Better Bioavailability and Beneficial Health Effects." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 127–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40458-5_10.

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Anshel, Jeffrey. "DHA, EPA, and Ocular Health." In Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids, 89–101. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-215-5_7.

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Nettleton, Joyce A. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health, 64–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2071-9_2.

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Nettleton, Joyce A. "Omega-3s and Immune/Inflammatory Responses." In Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health, 187–248. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2071-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids"

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Lorensia, Amelia, Rivan Virlando Suryadinata, and Aulia Nila Sari. "The Effectiveness of Fish Oil Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Improving Quality of Life of Asthmatic Outpatients in Surabaya." In The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007509400720078.

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Reports on the topic "Health aspects of Omega-3 fatty acids"

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Newberry, Sydne J., Mei Chung, Marika Booth, Margaret A. Maglione, Alice M. Tang, Claire E. O'Hanlon, Ding Ding Wang, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Maternal and Child Health: An Updated Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcerta224.

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