Academic literature on the topic 'Health aspects of Overhead electric lines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health aspects of Overhead electric lines"
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Hashim, Usman, and Baharuddin. "Determining Health Index of Transmission Line Asset using Condition-Based Method." Resources 8, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020080.
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Assessment of overhead transmission lines is a crucial task in the asset management of electric power infrastructures. Any assets have different life spans and require proper assessment and maintenance actions. Disruption of the power supply may cause national problems. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the distribution and transmission of electric power from the power plant to end consumers is achieved without fail. This paper presents a proposed framework of health index of the transmission line using a condition-based method. This study refers to previous methods in determining the health index of electrical power assets, mainly transformer and transmission line. Three main indicators contributed and need to be considered in determining the health index. The indicators are structural, electrical and environmental aspects. The health index of these three indicators with 14 items was calculated, and the overall health index of the transmission line determined. From the case study conducted for this study, the specific location, tower and item can be acknowledged that cause the failure and the service interruption of energy supply to the consumer. It is found that the implementation of the health index calculation gives a more accurate description of the health status of a transmission line. The health index can be used for the prioritizing of maintenance, refurbishment or replacement to avoid disruption.
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Rubtsova, Nina B., Sergey Yu Perov, Olga V. Belaya, and Tatiana A. Konshina. "New aspects of power grid facilities personnel workplaces electromagnetic environment." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, no. 9 (October 7, 2020): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-9-569-574.
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Introduction. Electromagnetic safety of power grid facilities staff requires the exclusion of electromagnetic fields (EMF) harmful effects. EMF is evaluated by 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields (EF and MF) values in the framework of working conditions special assessment, and very rarely the analysis of the electromagnetic environment (EME) is carried out in depth. The aim of the study - EME hygienic assessment of power grid EHV facilities personnel workplace with adequate 50 Hz EF and MF levels evaluation as well as the analysis of EF and MF in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 500 Hz amplitude-frequency characteristics. Materials and methods. 50 Hz EF and MF values assessment was carried out on open switchgears (S) of substations and within sanitary breaks of 500 and 750 kV overhead power transmission lines (OTL). Measurements along to OTL trasses was performed using matrix-based method. Measurements and analysis of EF and MF values in 5-500 Hz frequency range amplitude-frequency characteristics were performed in the territory of 500 and 750 kV S. Results. Power frequency 50 Hz measurements results at 500 and 750 kV S ground-level personnel workplaces showed the presence of an excess of permissible limit values by EF intensity and the absence of an excess by MF. The measured EF values within 500 and 750 kV OTL sanitary gaps require limiting the working time of linemen due to the excess of the hygienic norms for full work shift, while the MP levels were almost completely within the standard values for persons not occupationally connected with electrical installations maintenance. MF and EE frequency range from 50 Hz to 500 Hz spectral characteristics analysis showed that 3rd harmonic percentage does not exceed 2.5% for EF and 6% for MF of the main level, the level of the 5th harmonic does not exceed 1% for EF and 3.5% for MF, the level of the 7th harmonic does not exceed 0.2% for EF and 0.8% for MF. These data show despite its low levels the contribution of MF different harmonics in a possible adverse impact on humane than EF corresponding harmonics. Conclusions. There was the confirmation of the previously justified use of the "matrix" scheme for of EF and MF values measurement along OTL routes. The relevance of to EF and MF all frequency components expos ure assessing possible health risk in extremely high voltage S territories and under OTL, based on international recommendations due to the lack of sanitary regulations in the Russian Federation for >50 Hz-30 kHz EF and MF, is shown.
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Rankovic, Aleksandar, Vladica Mijailovic, Dimitrije Rozgic, and Dragan Cetenovic. "Optimization of electric and magnetic field emissions produced by independent parallel overhead power lines." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 14, no. 2 (2017): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee161115002r.
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This paper presents a method for determining optimal arrangements of parallel independent overhead power lines aimed to decrease electric and magnetic field emissions. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal placement of conductors. The Monte Carlo approach implemented in GA allows consideration of uncertain phase shifts between independent overhead power lines. The results and practical aspects of the proposed methodology are illustrated on two different configurations of both independent 400 kV singlecircuit and double-circuit overhead power lines.
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Nunchuen, Suthasinee, and Vuttipon Tarateeraseth. "Electric and Magnetic Field Minimization using Optimal Phase Arrangement Techniques for MEA Overhead Power Transmission Lines." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2021191.217575.
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In order to minimize the electric and magnetic fields generated by Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) overhead power transmission lines, the optimal phase arrangement techniques were applied for 3-circuits overhead power transmission lines (69/230 kV). In this paper, the mathematical model was formulated using a MATLAB program which validated by comparing the simulated results with the measured results where the South Thonburi power transmission lines at Rama 2 Road (outbound side) were evaluated with the same conditions. Finally, it can be concluded that the optimal phase arrangement techniques can minimize the generated electric and magnetic fields lowering than that of the limitation given by the World Health Organization.
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Belyaev, N. A., A. E. Egorov, N. V. Korovkin, and V. S. Chudny. "Economic aspects of ensuring the capacity adequacy of electric power systems." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2019-12-1-4-9.
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The present report deals with economic issues of selecting means ensuring the capacity adequacy of electric power systems. Cost analysis of various engineering measures ensuring the capacity adequacy has been performed, namely: construction of backup generating facilities, erection of new power transmission lines, or increase of transmission capacity of existing power lines. The cost-based analysis has been conducted based on investment programs and regulatory acts in place. Recommendations on developing computational models of power systems have been given based on the results obtained in order to assess the capacity adequacy parameters, with account made for the cost of various engineering measures to be taken for their improvement.In prevailing practice of calculation of capacity adequacy parameters, the structure of electric power systems transmission network is presented as a transport model which makes an aggregate of reliability zones and tie-lines between them of a given transmission capacity. The main objective of calculation of capacity adequacy parameters is to determine the required generating capacity redundancy level, i.e. the values of the capacity margin and its location within electric power systems to ensure a required level of capacity adequacy. With that in mind, when evaluating and accordingly when forming transport models, it should be useful to take into account the transmission constraints only for those power grid segments, whose cost of transmission capacity increase is comparable with that of construction of new generating facilities.On the basis of calculation data, one may state that for overhead electric lines of short or average length the cost of 1 kW of its transmission capacity will be considerably lower than that of installed capacity of a new generating facility, with the above costs comparable only with the length of the line close to its critical value. When forming transport models of electric power systems, it is useful to take into account not only the distance between electric power system nodes, but also their potential need of margin capacity. As far as remote nodes are concerned, if these are of low need in margin capacity, it should be reasonable to separate them as specifi c reliability areas.
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Demchenko, D., N. Rubcova, V. Ryabchenko, and A. Tokarskiy. "Distribution of Currents and Voltages, Induced by Electric Field of Three-Phase Overhead Transmission Line along the Grounded Phase/Cable of Disconnected Parallel Power Line." Safety in Technosphere 9, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-071x-2020-31-40.
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The health maintenance of linemen working at overhead transmission lines under induced voltage requires compliance of these voltages’ limit values. To ensure compliance with these requirements have been developed algorithms for calculating of currents and voltages distribution along the grounded phase/cable of disconnected power line, induced by the electric field of operating three-phase overhead power line without transposition, with full and incomplete complete phases transposition section .
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Tomka, Pál, Levente Katula, and István Bagi. "Design of Trussed Steel Towers According to the Eurocodes." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.497.
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The paper deals with the towers of electric high voltage overhead lines. The target is a relatively simple suspension tower (tension support) made of hot rolled angles. The main aspects of structural design and the structural details are given due to the newly introduced design codes and the former Hungarian ones. The fundamental aim of the paper is to point out the changes according to the new developments. As an important design aid, a set of interactive programs developed by the authors is also shortly introduced.
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Rubtsova, N. B., and A. Y. Tokarskiy. "Transmission line sanitary protective zones. Electromagnetic safety problems." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-736-737.
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The main problems of overhead and cable transmission lines with voltage >=110 kV electric and magnetic fields general public protection are presented. It is shown that it is necessary to develop regulatory requirements for these lines’ sanitary protection zones organization, taking into account the magnetic field component, because its possible health risk factor, up to carcinogenic.
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Nikitina, Valentina N., N. I. Kalinina, G. G. Lyashko, and V. P. Plekhanov. "STUDY OF 50 HZ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE POPULATION HEALTH STATUS." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 6 (October 28, 2019): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-6-665-670.
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Introduction. The real electromagnetic situation in a residential area in the process of power supply network operation and health status assessment of population living in the vicinity of overhead transmission lines (OTL) of various voltages and transformer substations (TS) are of current interest. The effect of 50 Hz electric fields (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) on human health has not been sufficiently studied. Material and Methods. Measurement and assessment of 50 Hz EF and MF levels generated by 35, 110 and 220 kV OTL and by 6 kinds of closed-type transformer substations were carried out. Chronic overstrain index was used to assess population health status. Questionnaire study data among residents in the vicinity of 110-220 kV OTL were used for calculation of chronic overstrain index. Results. Closed-type transformer plants don’t generate EMF or exceed 50 Hz EF or MF health standards (HS). Electric field intensity levels exceeding HS were registered under 110 and 220 kV OTL. EMF health standards were not exceeded at a distance of 2 m from 110 kV OTL and 10 m from 220 kV OTL. Magnetic field induction levels did not exceed maximum allowable levels. Significant levels of chronic overstrain were revealed in residents living at a distance of under 300 m from 110-220 kV OTL. Conclusions. Closed-type transformer substations do not generate 50-Hz EMF exceeding health standards. Compliance with the electrical safety requirements of overhead transmission lines (overhead line safety zones) provides compliance with the maximum allowable levels of 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields. Population health risk assessment study among the population in the vicinity of OTL is relevant.
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Marincu, Adrian, Marian Greconici, and Sorin Musuroi. "The electromagnetic field around a high voltage 400 KV electrical overhead lines and the influence on the biological systems." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 18, no. 1 (2005): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0501105m.
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In this paper the analytical calculus and the experimental measurements of the electric and magnetic field around a high voltage 400KV electrical overhead lines has been analyzed. There have been analyzed the possible influences of the electromagnetic field on the health of the human beings. The calculus has been done using the Mat Lab medium, the experimental measurements of the electric strength have been done using a spherical dipole.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health aspects of Overhead electric lines"
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Lawson, Allan Brett. "Environmental impact assessment in the routing of high voltage overhead transmission lines : theory and practice in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16103.
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Includes bibliographies.This study resulted from a perception held by the author that more attention is afforded to complying with the procedural elements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in South Africa, than to ensuring the validity of its technical content. The routing of high voltage overhead transmission lines provides a relevant field of study in which to address this perception. An initial literature review to contextualise the perceived problem showed that the questionable validity of the technical content of EIA was one of six shortcomings identified. To address the problem, an inductive approach was adopted to focus on the interpretation and prediction activities of EIA and two propositions, stated as research questions for discussion, were developed. These referred to the theoretical question of whether methods are specified for high voltage overhead transmission line EIAs, and to the practical question of whether the environmental impacts that are known to result from transmission line projects are effectively addressed in such EIAs in South Africa. Investigating these questions provides insights into whether the technical content of transmission line EIA is sufficiently rigorous in South Africa. The method of study takes the form of a sequentially more focused examination of the literature on EIA, from the strategic level, to the sectoral level and culminating at the project level. EIA methods specified for linear developments were identified at the sectoral level, while at the project level the known environmental impacts that result from high voltage overhead transmission lines were determined. A theoretical background was compiled in this way, which allowed for comparison with the practice as determined from benchmark and case study Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs).
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Kotoane, Mapule. "Modelling risk of Blue Crane (Anthropoides paradiseus) collision with power lines in the Overberg region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50024.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study addresses the problem of Blue Crane (Anthropoides paradiseus) collisions with power lines in the Overberg region, home to approximately 50% of South Africa's national bird's global population. The low visibility of power lines against the landscape is considered to be the major cause of collisions. These claim at least 20 birds annually, which is a considerable loss to a vulnerable species. For this study, expert knowledge of the Blue Cranes' biology, general behaviour and use of its habitat were compiled. These were then translated into rules that were integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) to establish a predictive model, which attempts to identify and quantify risk power lines that Blue Cranes are most likely to collide with. The criteria that were considered included landscape proximity of power lines to water bodies arid congregation sites, land cover, power lines orientation in relation to predominant wind directions (North Westerly and South Easterly) and visibility of the power lines against the landscape. The power lines were ranked as highest, high, medium, low and no risk. It is recommended that this classification be used to prioritize the proactive marking of power lines with bird flappers in order to reduce collisions. The results show that 27% of the power lines in the study area pose the highest risk and should therefore be marked immediately. The power lines classified as high (1%), medium (28%) and low risk (21 %) should be marked over short, medium and long term, respectively .. The study demonstrated the potential of GIS in the conservation of Blue Crane. The GIS model developed in this study can be applied in areas of similar habitat such as the Swartland or with some modifications in a slightly different habitat such as the Karoo. It is envisaged that the results of this study will be of great value to the ESKOM (South African Electricity Commission) and Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) Partnership and conservation authorities in the effort to save the Blue Crane.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die probleem van botsings deur Bloukraanvoëls met kraglyne in die Overberg-omgewing van die Wes-Kaap ondersoek. Die Overberg-omgewing huisves ongeveer 50% van Suid Afrikaanse nasionale voël se wêreldbevolking van Bloukraanvoëls, en aangesien kraglyne normaalweg nie maklik sigbaar is teen die landskapsagtergrond nie, verhoog dit, tesame met die biologiese eienskappe van Bloukraanvoëls, die waarskynlikheid dat die voëls met kraglyne sal bots. Hierdie botsings met kraglyne eis minstens 20 Bloukraanvoëls per jaar, wat 'n aansienlike en beduidende aantal vir 'n kritiese bedreigde spesie is. Die studie het gepoog om spesialiskennis oor Bloukraanvoël-biologie, algemene gedrag en habitatgebruik, om te sit in 'n stel reëls, wat in 'n Geografiese Inligtingstelsel (GIS) geïntegreer is om 'n voorspellingsmodel te bou. Hierdie voorspellingsmodel is aangewend om kraglyne wat 'n hoë risiko vir Bloukraanvoëls inhou, te identifiseer en die waarskynlikheid vir botsings te kwantifiseer. Die model aanvaar dat die volgende omgewingsfaktore in die Overberg-omgewing verband hou met die waarskynlikheid van botsings, naamlik: die nabyheid van kraglyne aan waterliggame of gebiede waar voëls saamtrek, die voorkoms van natuurlike veld, die heersende windrigtings (Noordwes en Noordoos) en lae sigbaarheid van kraglyne teen die donker landskapsagtergrond. Die geïdentifiseerde kraglyne is as eerste-, tweede, derde. en vierderangse prioriteit geprioritiseer om as riglyn te dien vir die proaktiewe aanbring van flappers (wat dit ten doel het om voëlbotsings te verminder) deur ESKOM. Die studie het bevind dat 27% van die kraglyne in die Overberg-omgewing eersterang prioriteite is, en dat hierdie kraglyne onmiddellik gemerk sal moet word. Die tweederang prioriteit kraglyne (1%) saloor die mediumtermyn gemerk word, terwyl die derderangse prioriteit kraglyne (28%) oor die langtermyn gemerk sal word. Die vierde prioriteit kraglyne (21 %) kon oor die langertermyn gemerk word. Die studie het die omvang van die probleem, sowel as die rol van GIS in die bewaring van die Bloukraanvoëls beklemtoon. Die GIS-model wat in die studie ontwikkel en gebruik is, kan in soortgelyke gebiede soos die Swartland, of in ietwat verskillende omgewings soos die Karoo getoets word, met die doelom die habitatvoorkeure van Bloukraanvoëls beter te verstaan en navorsers te help om 'n beter begrip van die model te ontwikkel en sodoende die resultate te verbeter. Dit word voorsien dat hierdie studie en verslag baie belangrik sal wees vir die ESKOM-EWT Vennootskap en ander betrokke bewaringsorganisasies in 'n poging om Bloukraanvoël-bewaring aan te help.
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"A theoretical and experimental investigation into fire induced flashover of high voltage transmission lines." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2930.
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This thesis documents a research study of High Voltage transmission line faults induced by fire. Conductor to conductor and conductor to ground flashovers have been experienced by electricity utilities around the world under conditions of veld and sugar cane fires. These types of faults are unpredictable and negatively impact line reliability and quality of supply. This is a crucial problem when the revenue of the industry is sensitive to voltage dips. Electricity utilities have taken a preventative approach, like clearing vegetation from the line servitude in order to decrease the frequency of line faults. There has also been a drive to collaborate with sugarcane farmers in order to have harvesting fires planned with utilities. Some success has been achieved with these initiatives however there still remains a large number of faults. The focus of this study is on the mechanism of fire-induced flashover. Previou s work has displayed the existence of two theories. The first theory suggests that flashover is due to the reduction in air insulation strength caused by a reduced air density that results from the thermal effect of the fire. The second theory suggests that small particles present in the fire cause electric field distortions that induce flashover. This study is focused on a theory , which indicates that flashover is induced due to an enhanced electric field which is a result of the conductive properties of the flames present in the air gap (the flame conductivity theory). The effects of particles and a reduced air density is said to support this mechanism that is the primary reason for flashover. This thesis present s a summary of the literature where firstly an understanding of air insulation behavior is displayed. Thereafter specific interest is given to the effect of fire and flames wherein the physics of flames are discussed. This then leads to the description of the flame conductivity theory. Chapter 4 deals with a simulative investigation into the effect a conducting flame has on the electric field distribution. This is looked at with a varying flame conductivity and gap length in mind. The simulations specifically cover the 275 kV and 400 kV line configurations. The simulative investigation results in a mapping of electric field enhancement against conductivity values and gap sizes. Thus a flashover probability is assessed by using the two factor flashover criteria when analyzing the electric field stresses. The objective of the experimental work in this study is to obtain insight on how the flame geometry and orientation affects flashover and the dependence of flashover on gap size. Tests involving a fire beneath a conductor were carried out for different gap sizes . Experimentation with particles above a flame was also conducted. It was concluded that flame structure does have an impact on flashover since a flame with sharp edges is more likely to cause flashover. Particles have a reducing effect on air insulation strength. This is mainly due to the fact that the particle reduces the effective air-gap size. No significant effect over and above this is noticed . For gaps spanned by clean Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) flames flashover voltage increases as gap-length increases with some degree of nonlinearity. Flame resistances and conductivity were approximated from measured currents and voltages.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.
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Chiu, Roanna Sum-Wan. "Modeling bone marrow sub-structures at power-line frequencies." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/512.
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Burger, Bruce Jonathan. "The voluntary appliction of the integrated environmental management guidelines by Eskom in KwaZulu-Natal, 1989 to 1997." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4164.
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The end of the last century saw a meteoric rise in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and its implementation worldwide subsequent to it being legislated by the United States in 1970. The South African Government's Council for the Environment
attempted to emulate international developments in EIA and compiled the Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) guidelines of 1989 which delineated the procedure for undertaking EIAs for development projects in South Africa. It was envisaged that these guidelines would ultimately be made law. The period between 1989 and 1997 was a window period when the IEM guidelines were implemented voluntarily. This period therefore constitutes an important era in the history of EIA in South Africa to which constant reference is made and upon which further
development in EIA in South Africa has been reliant. The period 1989 to 1997 also coincided with a major increase in the bulk electricity supply to KwaZulu-Natal by Eskom, the national electricity utility. Eskom had actively tracked the evolution of Environmental Management globally and was considered to be at the forefront of Industrial Environmental Management in South
Africa and there was therefore an expectation that Eskom would implement the IEM guidelines. In this study twelve EIAs for Eskom powerlines and substations constructed in KZN for the period were analysed and trends in the implementation of the IEM guidelines extrapolated. This study highlights the extent to which the IEM guidelines were implemented. It discusses the problems attendant to its implementation, which were found to be common to the implementation of EIA globally. From this research it became clear that factors external to the IEM guidelines needed to be resolved before the IEM guidelines could be implemented. The administrative requirement was one of the most important and necessary requirements for successful implementation, but this had not been thoroughly anticipated by Eskom nor the guidelines themselves. This required that there was major reform to policy and company procedure, which had to be clearly understood and accepted, before IEM could be effectively implemented. As a consequence, the implementation of the various steps of the IEM guidelines seldom revealed consistent and satisfactory implementation. Even where the IEM guidelines were more closely followed and implemented, previously entrenched technocentrist procedures and ideals persisted and therefore IEM was subverted and implemented with the wrong goal in mind. There was also an expectation that there would be an improvement in EIA practice with time. It was found that there was a greater association between the quality of the EIA conducted and the Eskom Environmental Officer responsible for it, rather than a consistent improvement with time. Thus integration into the project process of environmental procedure is a complex process and it requires firstly that a company is reformed. Reform has subsequently begun to transpire in Eskom. This reform includes education of company employees, which in turn is linked to political will which is necessary to effect the changes required to apply a procedure such as the IEM guidelines. This study reviews the implementation of the IEM guidelines in Eskom during this important development phase. It therefore reflects on a key portion of the history of EIA implementation in this country. The study provides insight into organisational reform and the voluntary commitments required for successful implementation of EIA. Benefit can be drawn from this study for future implementation of EIA even though EIA legislation now exists, as some form of voluntariness, political will and
organisational reform is always imperative for ETA's successful and effective implementation.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Naidoo, Kribashen. "Bird streamer initiated breakdowns under HVDC conditions." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2231.
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This dissertation describes the role played by bird streamers in transmission line faults under HVDC conditions. The research was initiated due to the lack of knowledge of these faults under HVDC conditions. An explanation as to what bird streamers faults are, the role they play in the breakdown of air-gaps and a means of preventing bird streamer caused faults from occurring is made Experimental work has been carried out in order to gain an understanding of these faults under HVDC conditions. The overall aim of the experiments was to find a horizontal distance (protected zone) on an HVDC tower top, in order to prevent birds from perching around the centre of the tower. This will lead to a reduction of bird streamer caused faults. A brass rod was used as the artificial streamer in the experiments, under both negative and positive polarity (voltages in the range 0 to 220 kV DC were applied). Later in the experimental phase, a string soaked in a saline solution was used as a more realistic simulation of a bird streamer. QuickField™, an FEM package, was used to simulate the electric field in the region of the live conductor fitting and the tip of the bird streamer, to assess the degree of distortion of the electric field caused by the introduction of the bird streamer. These simulations served as means of verifying the laboratory experiments. This dissertation has proposed a relationship between the breakdown voltage and the protected zone length, based on the air-gap breakdown voltages for both I-String and V-String insulator configurations in the air-gap range 0 to 350 mm. These curves can be used in the design of transmission lines, as a means of reducing bird streamer faults.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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"Three dimensional flame reconstruction towards the study of fire-induced transmission line flashovers." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2076.
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The work presented in this thesis focuses on the problem of reconstructing threedimensional models of fire from real images. The intended application of the reconstructions is for use in research into the phenomenon of fire-induced high voltage flashover, which, while a common problem, is not fully understood. As such the reconstruction must estimate not only the geometry of the flame but also the internal density structure, using only a set of a few synchronised images. Current flame reconstruction techniques are investigated, revealing that relatively little work has been done on the subject, and that most techniques follow either an exclusively geometric or tomographic direction. A novel method, termed the 3D Fuzzy Hull method, is proposed, incorporating aspects of tomography, statistical image segmentation and traditional object reconstruction techniques. By using physically based principles the flame images are related to the relative flame density, allowing the problem to be tackled from a tomographic perspective. A variation of algebraic tomography is then used to estimate the internal density field of the flame. This is done within a geometric framework by integrating the fuzzy c-means image segmentation technique and the visual hull concept into the process. Results are presented using synthetic and real flame image sets.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
Books on the topic "Health aspects of Overhead electric lines"
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Virginia. General Assembly. Joint Subcommittee Studying the Health and Safety Effects of High Voltage Transmission Lines. Report of the Joint Subcommittee Studying the Health and Safety Effects of High Voltage Transmission Lines to the governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 1985.
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Panel Session on Biological Effects of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. Panel Session on Biological Effects of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1986.
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Organization, International Labour, ed. Protection of workers from power frequency electric and magnetic fields: A practical guide. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1994.
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Hydro-Québec. Réseau collecteur à 315 kV du complexe Grande Baleine: Rapport d'avant-projet : étude de corridors. [Québec]: Hydro-Québec, 1991.
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Falcon to Gonder 345kV transmission project: Draft environmental impact statement and resource management plan amendments. Battle Mountain, Nev: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Battle Mountain Field Office, 2001.
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Goulty, George A. Visual amenity aspects of high voltage transmission. Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press, 1990.
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United States. Western Area Power Administration. Navajo transmission project: Final environmental impact statement. [Salt Lake City, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Western Area Power Administration, 1997.
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United States. Western Area Power Administration. Navajo transmission project: Final environmental impact statement. [Salt Lake City, Utah]: The Administration, 1997.
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Rose, Paul. The effects of collisions with overhead lines on British birds: An analysis of ringing recoveries. Tring, Hertfordshire: British Trust for Ornithology, 1992.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Health aspects of Overhead electric lines"
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Skoglund, Mattias, Stefan O¨stlund, and Peter Bark. "Dual Mode Locomotives: Systems Study of New Freight Locomotives for Sweden." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63057.
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A conceptual study for a Swedish dual-mode locomotive is presented. The primary energy sources are AC electricity from an overhead catenary system or a diesel-electric generator system. The study focuses on analysing how freight operations and locomotive utilisation can be improved and how it can affect environmental aspects of freight operations. Based on project experiences and operative demands, a system proposal has been presented. The rated power output is considerably higher in electric mode compared to diesel mode. The reason for this being higher power demand on electrified main lines compared to branch lines and yards lacking overhead catenary where the power need is lower. The starting tractive effort will however be the same regardless of electric mode or diesel mode, making it possible to haul the same train weight in both propulsion modes. The study has shown that dual-mode locomotives for Swedish freight operations are most interesting in order to improve operations, degree of utilisation and environmental performance.