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Journal articles on the topic 'Health aspects of Public spaces'
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1
García Ubaque, Juan Carlos. "Cultural aspects regarding public health." Revista de Salud Pública 16, no. 4 (September 6, 2014): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v16n4.52752.
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It is often perceived that cultural aspects represent a limitation which must be considered when regarding the development and implementation of public health intervention activities is often perceived, usually because there are varying degrees of difficulty concerning relationships, communication and understanding between communities and experts in this particular field. Nevertheless, different social groups’ beliefs and practices still survive and carry great force when addressing the various issues of interest regarding public health, as shown by the articles in this issue of the journal on such issues as cardiovascular risk factors, smoking and alcohol consumption, breastfeeding, physical activity, health service access, nutrition, healthcare team-patient-family relationship or implementing specific risk eradication, control or mitigation actions. However, there is relatively little public health-related information concerning how this issue can be understood and addressed, possibly because consensus is still lacking between sociologists and anthropologists working in the healthcare field. It would thus seem clear that more research is needed in this field, so that, while advances have been made regarding a situational description, advances should also be made in constructing diagnostic and intervention methodologies which would be truly accessible to those who (without being experts on this topic) are taking on the operational work amongst communities, so that cultural matters cease being a barrier and become rather an opportunity for the collective reconstruction of knowledge and practice regarding public health It may be realistic to consider formal and informal regulatory aspects, a sense of identity and belonging to a particular group and implicit or explicit power and control mechanisms incorporated into a group of interest’s everyday life as themes and possible starting points for such an approach. It is thus important to approach how these aspects are expressed in the home, jobs and public spaces (i.e. the three major areas of modern life) and as embodied in speech, language, customary practices, relationships and social organisation.
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Brady, Rita-Marie A., Joanna L. Stettner, and Liz York. "Healthy Spaces: Legal Tools, Innovations, and Partnerships." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, S2 (2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519857311.
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This article explores innovative legal tools in built environment settings. Using tangible examples, the discussion will leverage the authors' expertise in the law, public health, and architecture to explore strategies in domestic and international settings to explain how healthy spaces make a direct public health impact on people's lives.
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de Oliveira Cunha, Marcella Viana Portela, Angelina Dias Leão Costa, and Mariama da costa Ireland. "Ergonomic aspects to be considered in planning public spaces destined for elderly people." Work 41 (2012): 3827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0685-3827.
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Oldfield, Kenneth. "The Social Aspects of Hand Washing in American Restaurants: An Administrative Approach to Reducing Public and Private Health Care Costs." Administration & Society 49, no. 5 (April 3, 2016): 753–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716638121.
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Proper hand sanitation prevents spreading of many types of illness and infection, thereby lowering the quantitative and qualitative costs of public and private health care. Research shows that thinking or knowing someone is watching you wash your hands in a public lavatory appreciably improves the odds of you doing so. Nevertheless, most restaurants place their hand washing facilities inside the bathroom, beyond public view. Reformers from the public and private sectors should work cooperatively to incentivize restaurant owners voluntarily to place their hand washing facilities in public spaces. If this uncompelled approach proves unsuccessful, reformers should seek to impose laws requiring that all public eateries place their bathroom washbasins in conspicuous locations. The discussion closes by suggesting ancillary improvements to test in pursuit of further improving hand washing rates and practices in public spaces.
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Tobias, Maisa Sales Gama, and Éden Fernando Batista Ferreira. "Perception of health and accessibility: an approach to support projects for urban public spaces." Journal of Transport Literature 8, no. 1 (January 2014): 24–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2238-10312014000100003.
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Urban public spaces are conceived within certain technical standards, which would meet people's needs. According to users' perception that does not match all the time with the given arrangement, that may lead to rejection or misuse. In this article, the approach to analysis of projects for urban public spaces associates the perception of its users' health with accessibility that these spaces can offer. This becomes a support for efficacy analysis of projects as part of a social inclusion policy. The approach associates an international functionality, incapacity and health classification to a multi-criteria analysis of these factors through interviews with involved population, using Likert scale, where aspects considered as accessibility barriers or facilitators of these spaces are evaluated. The results of the case studied in Belém-Brazil showed, for example, that the understanding that people build on the circulation environment regarding barriers or facilitators is not always determined by difficulties related to their performance in actions and that an inadequate project may be a limiting factor to accessibility, even for people without a diagnosed disability.
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Scopelliti, Massimiliano, Maria Giuseppina Pacilli, and Antonio Aquino. "TV News and COVID-19: Media Influence on Healthy Behavior in Public Spaces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041879.
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The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our life. Despite the rapid growth of scientific publications about medical aspects of the pandemic, less has been explored about the effects of media communication regarding COVID-19 on healthy behaviors. Yet, the scientific literature has widely debated on how media can influence people’s health-related evaluations, emotions, and behaviors. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between media exposure, people’s attitudes and emotions toward media contents, and healthy behaviors related to the use of public spaces, such as avoiding crowded places, wearing face masks, and maintaining social distance. A questionnaire referring to these variables was administered to an opportunistic sample of 174 participants in Italy during the off-peak period of the COVID-19 outbreak and before restrictions to mobility were extended to the whole country. Results showed that media exposure, the perception of social initiatives of prevention, and moderate levels of fear increase healthier behaviors in the use of public spaces. Perceiving alarming information did not significantly predict healthy behaviors in the use of public spaces. Results are discussed with reference to the previous literature. Suggestions to media communication to increase preventive behaviors during emergencies are also provided.
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Rizka Rachmawati, Imtihan Hanom, and Santi Salayanti. "THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDREN’S PLAYROOM INTERIOR ASPECT IN REGARD TO PARENTAL SAFETY PERCEPTION. CASE STUDY: CHILDREN’S PLAYROOM AT 23 PASKAL BANDUNG, INDONESIA." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (August 1, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.668.
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Children’s playrooms in public spaces need to consider the safety of their interior elements. Previous studies also discussed about things that need to be taken into account to assure the children’s safety while playing. However, some parents join their children playing in public spaces due to the cautiousness of playground safety level. This study was conducted to understand how far the interior aspects of children’s playgrounds can affect parents’ safety perception to let their children play by themselves in public spaces, for example, the children’s playroom in 23 Paskal Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The result shows that sufficient light, interior finishes, and noise or sound intensity in the children’s playground at 23 Paskal Bandung, Indonesia can make parents feel safe to let their children spend time there.
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van den Toorn, Martin. "New functions and roles for public parks in Europe : The future relation between public space and public health." 4D Tájépítészeti és Kertművészeti Folyóirat, no. 55-56 (2020): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36249/55.56.1.
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The design of public parks in Europe evolved at the end of 18th century. The first public parks were created primarily for leisure, entertainment and social representation. Reflecting architectural and artistic trends of specific time periods and eras, and design concepts of various ideologies, through their images, compositional aspects and symbols public parks also fulfill an important educational role in everyday life. Following the progress of the theoretical background of European public parks, the article introduces the research analysis of the educational role of the parks. The conclusions drawn from the historical review and from the analysis of public parks and gardens provide a good basis for the renovation methodology of historic parks and for the design of contemporary urban parks and open spaces, with an emphasis on their current and future educational role. Placing the survey and assessment of the public parks into an international context makes it possible to overview the most important educational benefits of public parks to the society.
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Mehdipanah, Roshanak, Ana M. Novoa, Brenda Biaani León-Gómez, Maria José López, Laia Palència, Hugo Vasquez, Èlia Díez, Carme Borrell, and Katherine Pérez. "Effects of Superblocks on health and health inequities: a proposed evaluation framework." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211738.
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The following essay outlines the intervention and presents a framework that will serve as a guide in the evaluation of the different effects of the Superblocks. Superblocks consist of amalgamations of blocks throughout the city, with the goal of improving the habitability of public spaces, advancing sustainable mobility, increasing urban green, and promoting residents’ participation and coresponsibility, while ultimately influencing residents’ health and health inequities. The evaluation framework considers the following aspects: the interventions implemented in the Superblock strategy, the changes that occur at neighbourhood and individual level and the population turnover as intermediate factors and finally the health outcomes. Inequity dimensions are also considered.
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Oriola, Taiwo A. "Ethical and Legal Analyses of Policy Prohibiting Tobacco Smoking in Enclosed Public Spaces." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 4 (2009): 828–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00454.x.
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It is axiomatic that tobacco smoking is hazardous to health. The statistics are well documented and often very grim. For example, the 2008 World Health Organization Report on the global tobacco epidemic presented the following statistics: a hundred million people died of tobacco-related diseases globally in the 20th century; there are approximately over five million tobacco-related deaths every year; and an estimated one billion could die of tobacco-related diseases in this 21st century.Significantly, no other risky, self-indulgent addictive behaviors such as cocaine abuse directly endanger bystanders as much as cigarette smoking or tobacco use endangers nonsmokers through secondhand tobacco smoke or inhaled environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Environmental tobacco smoke comprises sidestream smoke (smoke that emanates from the burning end of a tobacco product) and mainstream smoke (smoke exhaled by the smoker). About 85 percent of environmental tobacco smoke is sidestream smoke, while the remainder is mainstream smoke.
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Arzil, Andrey, Nofrizal Nofrizal, and Imam Suprayogi. "PENERAPAN KONSEP RUMAH LAYAK HUNI DITINJAU DARI ASPEK KESEHATAN TERHADAP PERUMAHAN TIPE 36 DI PEKANBARU." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jil.14.2.p.153-163.
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As a the determinants of public health. Housing must fulfill health requirements, lighting, air circulation, and air temperature and humidity. Healthy housing is inseparable from the availability of facilities such as water supply, sanitation, garbage disposal, transportation, and the availability of social services. In indonesia, many housing developers are building houses without complete spaces. Pekanbaru as a tropics city, the air temperature tends to be high, it is difficult to make a comfortable home. In this condition, if a house is designed to must the concept of a healthy standard, the comfort of the building user will be realized. This survey was conducted in July 2019 to April 2020. The model of the research was to analyze the theories and parameters of the health aspects of habitable houses, to obtain an analysis of whether the type 36 homes meet the health aspectswere done. Data were coolected by observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Data analysis is the description of survey results and quantitative analysis.The results showed than theconstruction of type 36 housing in Pekanbaru City has the health aspects of the houses being built, ranging from lighting, ventilation, and temperature. However, the sanitation aspect are still shortcomings in fulfilling the predetermined standardization.
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Kaymaz, Isil, Dicle Oguz, and Ozlem Candan Cengiz-Hergul. "Factors influencing children’s use of urban green spaces." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17705943.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns and factors related to 6- to 12-year-old children’s and their parents’ green space use behaviours in Çayyolu neighbourhood of Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected through draw and write surveys and questionnaire surveys at selected schools, and direct observations in eight parks in the neighbourhood. A total of 418 children and 383 of their parents participated in the surveys. In all, 498 recordings were made during on-site observations. Findings suggest that there is an interaction between park visiting patterns of parents and their children. Taking children to parks was a major motivation for – particularly female (p < 0.05) – parents to go outdoors. Most children (75%) used only gardens of their houses or housing complexes. There was a positive association between parents’ and children’s duration of visit (p = 0.00). Principal component analysis revealed three factors (52% of the total variance) effecting parents’ influence on their children’s use of green spaces; benefits of spending time outdoors, safety concerns and design characteristics. Results indicate that environmental design is not solely a factor in use of green spaces; understanding and promoting children’s use of green spaces should involve a holistic approach that includes social, cultural and physical aspects of the environment.
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Roy, Siuli, Anurag D, and Somprakash Bandyopadhyay. "Testbed Implementation of a Pollution Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network for the Protection of Public Spaces." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 5, no. 4 (October 2009): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2009091702.
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Air pollution is an important environmental issue that has a direct effect on human health and ecological balance. Factories, power plants, vehicles, windblown dust and wildfires are some of the contributors of to pollution. Reasonable simulation tools exist for evaluating large scale sensor networks, ; however, they fail to capture significant details of node operation or practical aspects of wireless communication. Real life testbeds, capture the realism and bring out important aspects for further research. In this paper, we present an implementation of a wireless sensor network testbed for automatic and real-time monitoring of environmental pollution for the protection of public spaces. The paper describes the physical setup, the sensor node hardware and software architecture for “anytime, anywhere” monitoring and management of pollution data through a single, Web-based graphical user interface. The paper presents practical issues in the integration of sensors, actual power consumption rates and develops a practical hierarchical routing methodology.
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Rehling, Julia, Christiane Bunge, Julia Waldhauer, and André Conrad. "Socioeconomic Differences in Walking Time of Children and Adolescents to Public Green Spaces in Urban Areas—Results of the German Environmental Survey (2014–2017)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052326.
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Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.
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Vaeztavakoli, Amirafshar, Azadeh Lak, and Tan Yigitcanlar. "Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114010.
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Blue and green spaces contribute to the quality of cities in various ways—ranging from providing air corridors and visual amenities to positively affecting public psychological health and wellbeing. Urban blue and green spaces had geopolitical and agricultural functions in the past. These functions are still evident in many cities. They also provide ecological qualities for the surrounding (sub)urban neighborhoods. While in recent decades, many studies have explored the features and characteristics of urban blue and green spaces that are associated with positive health benefits, the healthy lifestyle promoting role of artificial water canals has received little attention. This case report investigates the canals in Isfahan from Iran that branch off from the Zayandeh Rood River and provide blue and green corridors to the city. The aim of this case report study is to explore the health aspects of urban water canals in physical, mental, and social dimensions based on the residents’ experiences. The study develops a framework for assessing the quality of therapeutic effect of canals in Isfahan, Iran. The paper employs qualitative content analysis as the methodological approach. In total, 200 people from the residential neighborhoods of the Niasarm Canal participated in semi-structured interviews in early 2018. The results of this research reveal that the canal—with ‘upgrade of active life’, ‘sense of rehabilitation, relaxation and concentration along with the canal’, ‘promotion of social life’, and ‘place identity’ characteristics—plays an important therapeutic role on the physical, psychological, and social health conditions of local residents.
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Nia, Hourakhsh Ahmad. "A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Urban Spaces." Architecture and Urban Planning 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2021-0008.
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Abstract COVID-19, evidently the world’s worst pandemic during the last two centuries, has predicated several challenges for urban designers, especially in their bid to find appropriate designing strategies. Even though there are umpteenth studies in the literature that have focused on the different aspects of COVID-19 related pandemics, very scant studies sought to find appropriate mitigating strategies in designing pandemic friendly urban spaces. Thus, through qualitative grounded theory as a main methodological approach, this study hypothesized that the COVID-19 induced pandemic has direct effects on the liveability of public spaces. Accordingly, by developing a comprehensive review of the literature on the environmental and socio-economic effects of the pandemic, this study proposed a comprehensive framework for understanding its side effects and a comprehensive mitigating strategy to deal with it in the short and long term of designing a healthy urban environment.
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Cariñanos, Grilo, Pinho, Casares-Porcel, Branquinho, Acil, Andreucci, et al. "Estimation of the Allergenic Potential of Urban Trees and Urban Parks: Towards the Healthy Design of Urban Green Spaces of the Future." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081357.
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The impact of allergens emitted by urban green spaces on health is one of the main disservices of ecosystems. The objective of this work is to establish the potential allergenic value of some tree species in urban environments, so that the allergenicity of green spaces can be estimated through application of the Index of Urban Green Zones Allergenicity (IUGZA). Multiple types of green spaces in Mediterranean cities were selected for the estimation of IUGZ. The results show that some of the ornamental species native to the Mediterranean are among the main causative agents of allergy in the population; in particular, Oleaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, and Platanus hispanica. Variables of the strongest impact on IUGZA were the bioclimatic characteristics of the territory and design aspects, such as the density of trees and the number of species. We concluded that the methodology to assess the allergenicity associated with urban trees and urban areas presented in this work opens new perspectives in the design and planning of urban green spaces, pointing out the need to consider the potential allergenicity of a species when selecting plant material to be used in cities. Only then can urban green areas be inclusive spaces, in terms of public health.
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Knuth, Alan G., Deborah C. Malta, Danielle K. Cruz, Adriana M. Castro, Janaína Fagundes, Luciana M. Sardinha, Cristiane Scolari Gosch, Eduardo J. Simões, and Pedro C. Hallal. "Description of the Countrywide Physical Activity Network Coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health: 2005−2008." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, s2 (January 2010): S253—S258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.s2.s253.
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Background:Based on the Brazilian National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS), the Ministry of Health (MoH) started stimulating and funding physical activity interventions in 2005, leading to the establishment of a countrywide network. The aim of the present article is to geographically describe this network (2005−2008) and to present structure and process evaluation indicators of interventions funded in 2006 and 2007.Methods:In 2005, the 27 state capitals received funding for carrying out physical activity-related interventions. From 2006 onwards, public calls for proposals were announced, and cities were selected through a competitive basis. Coordinators of interventions in cities who got funding in 2006 and 2007 answered to survey questions on structure and process aspects of the interventions.Results:The network currently comprises 469 projects, out of which over 60% are carried out in small cities (<30,000 inhabitants). The most frequently used public spaces for the interventions are squares and indoor sports courts. The main physical activity-related topic of the PNPS prioritized in the projects is healthy diet. The main partnerships developed are between City's Health and Education Secretariats.Conclusion:Expanding the network to 1000 cities by 2010 and continuing the evaluation efforts are the next goals of the Brazilian MoH.
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Paydar, Mohammad, and Asal Kamani Fard. "The Hierarchy of Walking Needs and the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147461.
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More than 150 cities around the world have expanded emergency cycling and walking infrastructure to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This tendency toward walking has led it to becoming the predominant daily mode of transport that also contributes to significant changes in the relationships between the hierarchy of walking needs and walking behaviour. These changes need to be addressed in order to increase the resilience of walking environments in the face of such a pandemic. This study was designed as a theoretical and empirical literature review seeking to improve the walking behaviour in relation to the hierarchy of walking needs within the current context of COVID-19. Accordingly, the interrelationship between the main aspects relating to walking-in the context of the pandemic- and the different levels in the hierarchy of walking needs were discussed. Results are presented in five sections of “density, crowding and stress during walking”, “sense of comfort/discomfort and stress in regard to crowded spaces during walking experiences”, “crowded spaces as insecure public spaces and the contribution of the type of urban configuration”, “role of motivational/restorative factors during walking trips to reduce the overload of stress and improve mental health”, and “urban design interventions on arrangement of visual sequences during walking”.
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Yan, Shuiyu, and Jun Tang. "Optimization of Green Space Planning to Improve Ecosystem Services Efficiency: The Case of Chongqing Urban Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168441.
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This paper applied landscape indexes to evaluate the size, form, and structure of green spaces in the mountainous city of Chongqing and found that green spaces benefit from certain advantages in size, but the network suffered from low heterogeneity and limited interconnectivity. To ensure the integrity and continuity of ecological processes and improve the efficiency of ecosystem services (ES), the authors used Geographic Information System (GIS) software to conduct adaptability evaluation and adjacent buffer analysis for the existing green spaces, wetlands, rivers, and other landscapes with relatively high capacity for ES. We designed a comprehensive map of potential areas for UGS expansion by superimposing the maps obtained from adaptability evaluation and buffer analysis. We also proposed some strategies that respect, consider, and evaluate aspects and special features of urban environment to optimize green space planning and improve ES efficiency, such as protection of important areas, development of green corridors, and careful consideration of ecological processes and complex functions in urban areas. Based on these strategies, the paper put forth suggestions for green space planning to improve ES efficiency that can function as foundation for subsequent green space planning.
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Chang, Katherine Ka Pik, Frances Kam Yuet Wong, Ka Long Chan, Fiona Wong, Hung Chak Ho, Man Sing Wong, Yuen Shan Ho, John Wai Man Yuen, Judy Yuen-man Siu, and Lin Yang. "The Impact of the Environment on the Quality of Life and the Mediating Effects of Sleep and Stress." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228529.
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(1) Background: Environment is an independent factor that affects one’s quality of life (QoL), where studies suggest that health behaviours also affect one’s quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between environmental conditions and QoL and how individual health behaviours affect this association. (2) Methods: Participants aged 20 or above were recruited from 11 tertiary planning units in the central part of Kowloon. These tertiary planning units were selected as they represented the overall living environment in Hong Kong, with a mix of the poorer urban areas alongside relatively affluent districts. A mediation analysis was implemented using multiple linear regressions to examine the effects of environmental conditions on QoL. (3) Results: Of the 607 eligible participants included for analysis, 390 were female and 217 were male, with a mean age of 47.4 years. Living within 500 m of a green space area had benefits on the physical aspect of QoL and physical activity but no effect on the psychological aspect of QoL. Moderate satisfaction with public spaces affected QoL positively. In contrast, less satisfaction with public spaces affected QoL negatively in both physical and psychological aspects through the mediating effect of stress. Poor environmental quality affected all domains of QoL negatively through the mediating effects of increased stress and poor sleep. (4) Conclusions: Environment is an important factor that affects individuals’ overall well-being. The interaction between environmental conditions and individual variables, especially perceived stress and sleep, is extremely important when assessing its impact on QoL. The findings of this study support the importance of individual stress and sleep in mediating the relationship between the environment and QoL for health. Further studies should be conducted to include objective measurements, such as those of cortisol levels for stress and physical fitness tests.
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Reimer-Kirkham, Sheryl. "Lived Religion: Implications for Nursing Ethics." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 4 (June 15, 2009): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009104605.
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This article explores how ethics and religion interface in everyday life by drawing on a study examining the negotiation of religious and spiritual plurality in health care. Employing methods of critical ethnography, namely, interviews and participant observation, data were collected from patients, health care providers, administrators and spiritual care providers. The findings revealed the degree to which `lived religion' was intertwined with `lived ethics' for many participants; particularly for people from the Sikh faith. For these participants, religion was woven into everyday life, making distinctions between public and private, secular and sacred spaces improbable. Individual interactions, institutional resource allocation, and social discourses are all embedded in social relationships of power that prevent religion from being a solely personal or private matter. Strategies for the reintegration of religion into nursing ethics are: adjusting professional codes and theories of ethics to reflect the influence of religion; and the contribution of critical perspectives, such as postcolonial feminism, to the understanding of lived ethics.
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Yıldırım, Sinem, Buket Asilsoy, and Özge Özden. "Urban Resident Views About Open Green Spaces: A Study in Güzelyurt (Morphou), Cyprus." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p441.
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A dramatic demographic shift regarding urbanization is occurring globally. Between 2000 and 2050, the ratio of individuals in urban spaces is projected to rise from 46.6 % to 69.6%. Environmental pollution, urban heat island effect and climate change are among the hazardous effects of urbanization. Critical ecosystem services can be provided with urban green areas such as parks, roof gardens, streams, forests and community gardens etc. Walking, running or biking activities, psychological well-being and public health of urban inhabitants can also be supported via green space. Urban landscape areas are also significant for Cyprus as there is an on-going remarkable urbanization. Particularly, due to urbanization, the importance of green spaces in cities is becoming important. During this study, open and green space as urban landscape areas in Güzelyurt (Morphou) was investigated. This is the first study to examine user satisfaction and views of open and green spaces in Güzelyurt (Morphou) region, Cyprus. A questionnaire with 60 participants were conducted in order to understand respondents’ suggestions about several aspects of existing open and green spaces in Güzelyurt, north Cyprus. According to the findings, respondents were mostly dissatisfied about urban and open spaces in the city. Our results indicate that local authorities or municipal organizations should legalize the planning of urban parks, open spaces and green areas with long term perspective. Keywords: Urbanization, Green space, urban park, landscape, Güzelyurt, Cyprus
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Anjos, Vitor Avila Alexandre, and Junior Vagner Pereira da Silva. "THE IMPACTS OF OUTDOOR GYMS ON LEISURE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CAMPO GRANDE/MS." HOLOS 6 (December 16, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2020.10180.
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Outdoor Gyms (OGs) are spaces adopted in municipal public policies aimed at leisure physical activity. Considering the possible benefits of adopting a physically active lifestyle, this study aimed to assess the impacts of OG on leisure physical activity. Specifically, it aimed to: diagnose the profile of users; investigate the spaces used; evaluate the reasons that lead users to attend; identify the factors which act as barriers. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive/exploratory and field study investigating municipal documents and OG users located in Campo Grande/MS. The sample consisted of 275 subjects. The technique used was document analysis and structured interviews. The results indicate a predominance of females, aged 41-60 years, and married marital status. OGs are the main spaces used for leisure, having a positive impact on adherence to physical activity of 97%. Aspects related to health improvement are the main motivators for use and the absence of guidance is the biggest demotivator. It is concluded that although they positively impact the practice of leisure-time physical activity, the lack of guidance by Physical Education teachers is inhibiting.
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Pink, Sarah, Melisa Duque, Shanti Sumartojo, and Laurene Vaughan. "Making Spaces for Staff Breaks: A Design Anthropology Approach." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719900954.
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Purpose: This article proposes and demonstrates a design anthropological approach to hospital design and architecture and engages this approach to advance recent discussions of the question of designing for staff breaks. Background: We respond to calls for attention to sensory and experiential dimensions of hospital architecture and design through social science approaches and to research into the sensory environments for staff breaks. Method: Design anthropology enables us to surface the experiential and unspoken knowledge and practice of hospital staff, which is inaccessible through conventional consultations, quantitative post-occupancy evaluation surveys, or traditional interviews. We draw on ethnographic research into the everyday experience, improvisatory activity, and imagined futures of staff working in the psychiatric department of a large new architecturally designed hospital in Australia. Results: We argue that while the sensory aspects of hospital design conventionally cited—such as light and green areas—are relevant, attention to staff priorities that emerge in practice reveals that well-being is contingent on other qualities and resources. Conclusions: This suggests a refocus, away from the idea that environments impact on staff to create well-being, to understanding how staff improvise to create environments of well-being. We outline the implications of this research for an agenda for design for well-being in which architects and designers are often constrained by generic design briefs to argue for a shift in policy that attends more deeply to staff as future users of hospital designs.
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Priambudi, Bagus Nuari. "AN INDICATOR CONCEPT FOR MEASURING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN KAMPUNG KOTA COMMUNITIES IN THE “SMART CITY”." Jurnal Pengembangan Kota 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpk.7.2.128-135.
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Kampung Kota is the beginning of the city development with all important aspects and has a special regional characteristic. The sustainability of Kampung Kota is affected by physical development around it. The concept of Semarang city development is in line with the concept of smart cities that trending now. One aspect that a city considers being a Smart City is the quality of life. The study of QoL (Quality of Life) has been increasing and has greatly developed in recent years, especially in large cities throughout the country. But it is not yet reviewed for the indicator concept that used as a measure of the quality of life in Kampung Kota communities. In fact, the problems related to the quality of life of the community is so complex. The research aims to study the indicator to measure the quality of life of the community. The method used in this study is quantitative deductive. The study consists of several stages: (1) content validity study, (2) face validity, (3) test reliability and validity; (4) analysis and conclusions. The results show 5 indicators that can be used as a measure of the quality of life of the people of Kampung Kota in Semarang. The indicators of the physic environmental aspects are safety, comfort, and the roles of the Neighborhood Association (RT/ RW). The indicators of the socio-economic and health aspects are income, environmental health, and availability of public spaces.
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Jones, Jamie K. "A Phenomenological Study of the Office Environments of Clinical Social Workers." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2018): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586718755477.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning and uses of the office space among licensed clinical social workers in private practice. Background: Previous research suggests the importance of the office space in clinical practice in regard to therapeutic alliance, client behavior, and the well-being of the therapist. However, therapist offices contain much variation in design. This study looked further into specifically how the therapy room is important through the perspective of the licensed clinical social workers in order to identify common themes. Methods: Seven licensed clinical social workers in private psychotherapy practice were interviewed in their offices. Phenomenological research methods were used to explore and analyze their experiences. Results: While the offices contained many physical differences, the intentions behind the designs were similar. Three themes emerged regarding how participants used and designed their spaces. First, participants used their offices to provide care for clients and themselves. Second, participants used their spaces to communicate therapeutic messages and to reveal and/or conceal aspects of themselves. Third, participants also used their space in direct practice. Conclusion: This phenomenological study provided insight into the importance and use of the psychotherapy office space. These findings may be helpful for therapists designing or redesigning their own practice spaces.
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Lindenmeyer, Antje, Sheila M. Greenfield, Charlotte Greenfield, and Kate Jolly. "How Do People With COPD Value Different Activities? An Adapted Meta-Ethnography of Qualitative Research." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732316644430.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term condition where activities of daily living (ADLs) may be very restricted; people with COPD need to prioritize what is important to them. We conducted a meta-ethnography to understand which ADLs are valued and why, systematically searching for articles including experiences of ADLs and organizing themes from the articles into five linked concepts: (a) caring for the body, (b) caring for the personal environment, (c) moving between spaces, (d) interacting with others, and (e) selfhood across time. In addition, we identified three key aspects of personal integrity: effectiveness, connectedness, and control. We found that ADLs were valued if they increased integrity; however, this process was also informed by gendered roles and social values. People whose sense of control depended on effectiveness often found accepting help very difficult to bear; therefore, redefining control as situational and relational may help enjoyment of activities that are possible.
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Khogali, Hind Abdelmoneim. "The Effect of COVID-19 on Academic Social Life in Riyadh with a Focus on the Outdoor Environment." Modern Applied Science 15, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n3p45.
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On 18 March 2020, the World Health Organization announced that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had reached global pandemic status. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia implemented a COVID-19 lockdown that lasted for four months. After the period of restrictions ended, people were supposed to return to their normal social lives; however, the lockdown had a psychological impact on people without them being aware of it. This research aimed to study the effect of COVID-19 on social life, mainly focusing on six public activities: visiting shopping malls, mosques, open spaces, interior space, psychological effect, and occupational aspects. The Method survey was distributed during lockdown including the six focus areas and collected using Google Forms. Also, a computer program simulation (ENVI-MET) was used to study and develop an outdoor environment. The research focuses on the outdoor environment to find solutions on a sample used Al Rouda Park in Riyadh. The results demonstrated that people are slowly returning to their social lives during the COVID-19 pandemic by steadily visiting shopping malls, mosques, and open spaces and half of respondents stay at home fearing COVID-19. The research concluded that people should apply health procedures during ongoing time in studied locations and should manage the elaborated psychological effects.
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Côrte, Beltrina, and Vera Brandão. "Territories of Frailty: Aging and Public Policy – A Project of Continuing Education." Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin2/pp.169-193.
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In the contemporary world, the progressive aging of the population is both a major achievement and a huge challenge for developing countries, especially when it relates to public policies for the elderly. The scenario is particularly worrying in peri-urban spaces, which we call “territories of fragility”, in which multiple deficiencies overlap — basic sanitation, housing, accessibility, education and health — those aspects coupled with the disruption of community ties, negatively impact the aging process. In this article, we analyze the previously presented scenario through the results of a continued education project that had as students 420 professionals that currently work in the Secretariat of Social Assistance of the city of São Paulo (Brazil). The aim of the project was the improvement of the work in the social assistance services network, especially the ones that are a part of the basic social protection, aimed at the most vulnerable part of the population. The use of professional-centered training methodology takes into account what happens in the field, it is based on daily problems, on the perception of skills and abilities, on the challenges and opportunities given by occupied spaces, in a dialogical and critical perspective. In other words, the result was a collection of 420 “first-hand” narratives that unveils a reality that is the opposite of what was expected. For the enrichment of the reflection, we present the commitments to this educational process — through the narratives of teachers and supervisors — in the work of recognizing the action field, the difficulties and achievements in the implementation of the project, and in practice with the groups. Content analysis indicates, in the complexity of the narrative, how all individuals that were a part of the project overcame life-work challenges and articulated knowledge about the aging process in territories of fragility.
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Childs, Andrew, Ross Coomber, and Melissa Bull. "Do Online Illicit Drug Market Exchanges Afford Rationality?" Contemporary Drug Problems 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450920934186.
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Rational choice perspectives have been the dominant models used for conceptualizing the nature of exchanges in illicit drug markets, but various critiques have found these abstracted assumptions inadequate for understanding concrete illicit drug market activity. Considerably less, however, is known about key aspects of rationality in exchanges within online drug markets. Recognizing the inadequacies of an underlying homo economicus, we instead conceive drug market exchanges as complex assemblages, noting how exchanges are reconstructed in online spaces, and technological affordances may facilitate elements of rationality in drug exchanges. Adopting these notions allows us to argue that aspects of rationality can potentially contribute to an understanding of exchange practices in online markets, and that online channels can afford assumptions of utility-maximization, rich market information to guide decision-making, and anonymity in the exchange. In addition, consideration is given to the structural variability of online illicit drug markets, and that the affordance of rationality should be considered across a spectrum of applicability that takes into account the specifics of each dimension of online drug market (i.e. drug cryptomarkets, illicit online pharmacies, and “app-based” drug markets).
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Dearlove, Trish, Andrea Begley, Jane Anne Scott, and Gemma Devenish-Coleman. "Digital Marketing of Commercial Complementary Foods in Australia: An Analysis of Brand Messaging." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 7934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157934.
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The digital marketing of commercial complementary foods (CCF) is an emerging area of concern in Australia. Although research into traditional methods has identified a range of problems, the marketing and messaging strategies employed within digital spaces have gone largely unscrutinized. This study sought to examine the methods used by CCF manufacturers to promote Australian baby foods and brands in a digital space. A multiple step approach was used to assess the CCF brands available in major Australian retailers, the social media platforms they used, and to thematically analyze the text and visual messages contained in posts published over a three-month period. Of the 15 brands identified, 12 had a digital presence, and all of these used Facebook. Four themes emerged from an analysis of 216 Facebook posts; (1) general product attributes, (2) socially desirable attributes (which included messaging related to taste (41%), self-feeding (29%) and fun (19%)), (3) concern-based attributes (including organic status (40%), age targets (39%) and additive-/allergen-free status (18%)) and (4) health-focused attributes (which included messaging related to healthy/nutritious ingredients (45%), and child development/growth (15%). Messages contained in Facebook posts were mostly positive brand/product aspects (Themes 1 and 2) or parental concern-based aspects (Theme 3 and 4). These themes match previous analyses of marketing content in traditional media and should be closely monitored due to the personalized nature of consumer social media interactions.
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KOCA, Arife, and Osman TUTAL. "THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE NEW PUBLIC SPACE THROUGH CHANGING DYNAMICS DURING THE COVID 19." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11102100/003.
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The epidemic process experienced on a global scale, together with the health field in which it emerged, directly affected daily life from education to tourism, from production to consumption. This effect has been so great. Even the process of returning to normal starting from the first half of 2020 has been defined as the new normal. The new normal has changed the individual’s daily life space and boundaries and imposed restrictions on the use of public exteriors from residential interiors. The change in the use of the space has also changed the relations, communication style, and interaction with space and those who use the space. Relationships and interactions established in daily life have started to be realized almost through residences due to the limitations on public space. Education, work, entertainment, commerce has been started distance and digital environment. This situation causes to changes in behaviors and the way they socialize. The change in the way people socialize and lifestyle with the epidemic causes transform in the use of public and private spaces. As the dynamics of the city change, these areas need to rethink the designs and develop creative solutions. Spatial studies on the Covid 19 pandemic process are approached from different aspects and it is seen that the studies are multidimensional. In the study, these different views are analyzed and the paper is focused from a different framework. It is aimed to contribute to the epidemic process by developing suggestions for public space approaches and possibilities. The method of the study is determined as the evaluation of physical and virtual public space through examples in accordance with literature researches and discussions. It is important to develop new perspectives on the impact of the epidemic on urban environments and to understand what the long-term impacts could have on the public sphere. And then, it is aimed to conduct research on the socio-spatial impacts to be developed according to the results of Covid 19 measures. Therefore, within the scope of the study, the effects of the epidemic in urban spaces are tried to be understood. It is discussed how the possibilities of new public spaces occurring in the built environment and virtual environment will change the nature and definition of this concept.
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De Oliveira, Benedito Tadeu. "Scientific Education and Research Centre of the National Institute for Cancer Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1039.
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The article seeks to analyze the importance of the former headquarters of the Board of Public Health – DGSP (Diretoria Geral de Saúde Pública), in implementing and institutionalizing Brazilian public health policies, and the importance for Brazil of its restoration and reuse as the Centro de Difusão Científica [Scientific Education and Research Centre]. Constructed (1905-1914) at the initiative of Oswaldo Cruz and designed by the Portuguese architect Luiz Moraes Júnior, the following aspects of the old headquarters of the DGSP are examined: the original site; economic and technical means used in construction; the reasoning, programmes and purpose behind its use; economic, physical and conceptual limits and conditions of space; the creators, their ideas and programmes; the architects, their training, works and methods; the buildings and their environmental surroundings throughout the 20th century; with the City of Rio de Janeiro. The article also analyses the various proposed interventions: structural reinforcement, modernization of the installations, recovery of the construction materials and systems, as well as historic and architectural values; the original forms, volumes and spaces of the buildings. The current initiative taken by the Instituto Nacional do Câncer - Inca- of the Health Ministry, current owner of the property, recovers and preserves a reference point for the origin, evolution and institutionalization of Brazilian public health policies. A modern scientific education and research centre for researchers, health professionals, doctors and residents, as well as the general public, is to be installed in the buildings.
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Kurniawati, Wakhidah. "The THE TACTICAL URBANISM IN INDONESIAN CITY SPACES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Arsitekta : Jurnal Arsitektur dan Kota Berkelanjutan 3, no. 01 (May 31, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47970/arsitekta.v3i01.211.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world order in all aspects of life. City space that was considered successful if it can accommodate residents' crowded activities has become deserted because of the lockdown and health protocols implementation. The meaning of urbanism is challenged because new interaction is put in place. Urban space activity adapts to new patterns and creates modified spaces. Tactical urbanism is one of the flexible design responses in the urban area to support the long-term goal of improving urban space quality. Tactical urbanism is currently being applied in several cities around the world in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Urban space in Indonesia also applies tactical urbanism with Indonesian characteristics. This study aims to examine the implementation of tactical urbanism in Indonesian urban spaces. The method used is reviewing data from online publications published between March 2020 - March 2021 regarding tactical urbanism in urban spaces in Indonesia. The city space chosen is located in the urban kampung, traditional market, and a downtown public space. The result shows two patterns of tactical urbanism in urban areas in Indonesia during the pandemic era, namely reactive and momentary response in urban kampong and traditional market, and unified response with city planning in bike lanes program.
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Umstattd Meyer, M. Renée, Tyler Prochnow, Andrew C. Pickett, Cynthia K. Perry, Christina N. Bridges Hamilton, Christiaan G. Abildso, and Keshia M. Pollack Porter. "The Effects of Play Streets on Social and Community Connectedness in Rural Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 9976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199976.
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Promoting physical activity (PA) is a long-standing public health initiative to improve overall health and wellbeing. Innovative strategies such as Play Streets, temporary activation of public spaces to provide safe places for active play, are being adopted in urban and rural communities to increase PA among children. As part of these strategies, aspects of social and community connectedness may be strengthened. This study analyzes focus groups and interviews from rural Play Street implementation team members (n = 14) as well as adults (n = 7) and children (n = 25) who attended Play Streets hosted in rural North Carolina, Maryland, Oklahoma, and Texas to better understand the added benefits of Play Streets in community connectedness. Overall, elements of social support and social cohesion are mentioned most frequently with instrumental and conditional support; however, concepts of social capital, collective-efficacy, and social identification are also presented. Participants expressed that Play Streets provided more than just PA; they provided opportunities to access and share resources, build perceptions of safety and trust in the community, and develop relationships with others. Fostering community connection through Play Streets may reduce health inequities in rural communities by building community resilience. Community-based PA programming that enhance and capitalize on community connectedness could be effective ways to improving the overall health and wellbeing of residents.
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Mokhtar, Khairil Azmin. "THE DEATH KNELL OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE AT PUBLIC SPACES: CONSTITUTIONALITY OF SMOKING RESTRICTIONS AND SMOKE-FREE ZONE LAWS IN MALAYSIA." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 12, Number 2 (July 5, 2021): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2021.12.2.5.
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Control of tobacco faces a huge obstacle because it is where important health issue has to face the powerful opposition from the wealth influence of tobacco industries (TI). Death and disease caused by tobacco use now constitute a pandemic. Unfortunately, the power and impact of tobacco’s nature and commerce of its addiction make tobacco control a contentious issue of public health. The task of curbing the tobacco pandemic becomes more challenging with the use of human rights arguments and constitutional issues by smokers and the TI. This is a qualitative research on medical and legal aspects of tobacco use and smoking. This paper examines the origin of tobacco and its use as well as the development of scientific and medical reports relating to the effect of tobacco use particularly smoking. It also demonstrates how national and global policies relating to tobacco were formulated based on the scientific findings and medical reports by giving priority to public health. This is also a legal research relating to international legal framework of tobacco control, namely the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), and the legal regulations relating to tobacco control in Malaysia as well as its enforcement strategies. The legal challenge mounted against the law and policy restricting tobacco use is also examined. The study shows the implementation of WHO FCTC is crucial in fighting tobacco pandemic. The convention also upheld the right of the people to breathe fresh and clean air by prohibiting environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in public spaces. Thus, the right must be respected by smokers and must not be infringed upon. The decision of the court is lauded because the law and policy relating to tobacco control are in line with rights guaranteed by the Federal Constitution and in tandem with WHO FCTC of which Malaysia is a party.
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Curtis, Sarah, Wil Gesler, Kathy Fabian, Susan Francis, and Stefan Priebe. "Therapeutic Landscapes in Hospital Design: A Qualitative Assessment by Staff and Service Users of the Design of a New Mental Health Inpatient Unit." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c1312r.
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This pilot research project sought to provide a postoccupation assessment of a new mental health inpatient unit in East London, built under the Private Finance Initiative scheme. Qualitative discussion groups or unstructured interviews were used to explore the views of people who had been service users (but were currently well) and of nursing staff and consultants working in the new hospital. The participants gave their views on the aspects of the hospital which were beneficial or detrimental to well-being and the reasons for their views. Informants discussed hospital design in terms of: (1) respect and empowerment for people with mental illness; (2) security and surveillance versus freedom and openness; (3) territoriality, privacy, refuge, and social interactions; (4) homeliness and contact with nature; (5) places for expression and reaffirmation of identity, autonomy, and consumer choice; and (6) integration into sustainable communities. Themes emerging from this research were interpreted in light of ideas from geographical research on therapeutic landscapes constituted as physical, social, and symbolic spaces, as well as research from environmental psychology. The findings have practical implications for hospital design and underline the need to consider empowerment of patients in decisions over hospital design. We note the challenges involved in determining therapeutic hospital design given changing models of care in psychiatry, lack of consensus over models of care, and the varying and somewhat conflicting requirements these imply for the physical, social, and symbolic attributes of design of hospital spaces. We also note the implications of our findings for an interpretation of therapeutic landscapes as contested spaces.
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Maes, Elise. "Legal implications of smoking (bans) in English prisons." Legal Studies 39, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.46.
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AbstractThe high prevalence of tobacco smoking in prison, and certain aspects inherent in prison culture make smoking in that environment particularly difficult to regulate. Over the last decade, the UK government has adopted and sought to implement gradually its plan to make all prisons smoke-free nationwide. The UK Supreme Court recently ruled inBlackthat the Health Act 2006, which prohibits smoking in most enclosed public spaces, does not bind the Crown and consequently does not apply to public prisons. Both developments have implications for the human rights protection of smoking and non-smoking prisoners. This paper considers how English smoking and non-smoking prisoners’ (human) rights are currently protected, and what the legal implications are of a complete ban on smoking in English prisons. The paper reflects on whether an indoor smoking ban might strike a better balance between the competing rights and interests of smoking and non-smoking prisoners than a complete ban.
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Somerville, Linda, Betsy Thom, and Rachel Herring. "Public health participation in alcohol licensing decisions in England: the importance of navigating “contested space”." Drugs and Alcohol Today 20, no. 4 (July 31, 2020): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-05-2020-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Public Health in licensing following The Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act of 2011, which added ‘health bodies’ as responsible authorities in licensing; in practice, Directors of Public Health undertook this role in England. Despite this legislation facilitating the inclusion of public health in partnerships around licensing, wide variations in involvement levels by public health professionals persist. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the findings from interviews that explored the experiences of public health professionals engaging with local established partnerships around alcohol licensing. Qualitative data were collected through 21 interviews in a purposeful sample of London boroughs. These data were combined with analyses of relevant area documentation and observations of 14 licensing sub-committee meetings in one London borough over a seven-month period. Thematic analysis of all data sources was conducted to identify emerging themes. Findings This study highlighted the importance of successful navigation of the “contested space” (Hunter and Perkins, 2014) surrounding both public health practice and licensing partnerships. In some instances, contested spaces were successfully negotiated and public health departments achieved an increased level of participation within the partnership. Ultimately, improvements in engagement levels of public health teams within licensing could be achieved. Originality/value The paper explores a neglected aspect of research around partnership working and highlights the issues arising when a new partner attempts to enter an existing partnership.
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Bácsné-Bába, Éva, Gergely Ráthonyi, Christa Pfau, Anetta Müller, György Norbert Szabados, and Mónika Harangi-Rákos. "Sustainability-Sport-Physical Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041455.
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The present study is a synthesizing analysis of international literature on correlations between sustainability, sport, and physical activity. The study of sustainability is considered essential in modern research; its multidisciplinary approach relies on sports science and sports economics as well. There are several aspects of sustainability that are closely associated with health and health preservation; the beneficial effect of exercise on health is also widely known. For the analysis of this complex matter, our current study relied on secondary sources, and besides exploring specialist literature, it also illustrates and analyzes related statistical data. Our results highlight the correlations between living environment and physical activity, the importance of increasing individual commitment towards sustainability and using green spaces for exercising, as well as questions on social and environmental development in relation to physical activity. The study revealed the existence of highly complex links between physical environment, physical activities, and sustainability. The results section of our study provides a brief summary on the possible ways of making people physically active. Increasing physical activity is of paramount importance for achieving the objectives formulated in relation to sustainability.
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Leme, Pedro Augusto Thiene, Antônio Carlos Pereira, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim, and Fábio Luiz Mialhe. "Undergraduate dental sudents' perspectives about experiences in primary care for their education in the field of health." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 4 (April 2015): 1255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015204.00812014.
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Supervised training periods in primary care have been used as spaces for teaching and extension in the area of health, making it feasible to include undergraduates in concrete teaching-learning scenarios. The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of dental students about the importance of supervised training periods in Family Health Units to their professional education. The sample consisted of 185 students who answered the question: What is your opinion about the importance of this training period in SUS to your professional education? Comment on this experience and its positive and negative aspects The responses were analyzed by the quali-quantitative Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) technique. The students appreciated learning through practice in the service; contact with professionals from other areas; opportunity for technical-operative improvement and demonstrated sensitivity in the face of social reality, although they appeared to be concerned about being absent from the faculty, arguing that they were being prejudiced as regards their intramural clinical productivity, exhaustively demanded of them. It was concluded that students placed value on the extramural experience, however, it was perceived that there was still a predominant influence of focus on intramural clinical training.
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Fekete, Albert, Katarzyna Hodor, and Daixin Dai. "Urban Sustainability through Innovative Open Space Design. A Novel Approach to the Regeneration of Historic Open Spaces in Some Eastern European Countries and China." Earth 2, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2030024.
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Looking at the urban development of the past two centuries, we can conclude that engineers and architects have been dominating the field of urban design all over Europe. Architects played the most important role, which became even more significant with the increase of urban development. Beyond the architectural approach, a greater importance had been attributed to ecological aspects of urban planning by the turn of the 20th century as, for example, the advance of the garden city movement illustrates. This article focuses on the review of crucial open-space renewal projects from two Eastern European cities and China. The case studies are used to shed light on the characteristics and historical values of contemporary open-space design, based on innovative and landscape architectural approaches and artistic solutions. The study shows that the original role of urban open spaces was significantly extended during the first decades of the 21st century. The increased needs for representation—commercial, cultural and living functions, and ecological and healthy benefits—led to a multifunctional approach in design and planning. The renewal of the historic urban open spaces is carried out under an integrated framework and a unified goal: the development-oriented heritage conservation. Based on strong economic aspects, the general tendency is clearly positive—in spite of still-existing problematic issues (for instance, the management of public transport or the status of public utilities). In the time of a growing awareness of open-space heritage, this overview tries to depict possible general principles of a long-term renewal strategy built on local identity, heritage values and social sustainability.
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Oliffe, John L., Emma Rossnagel, Joan L. Bottorff, Suzanne K. Chambers, Cristina Caperchione, and Simon M. Rice. "Community-based men’s health promotion programs: eight lessons learnt and their caveats." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (October 11, 2019): 1230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz101.
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Abstract Long-standing commentaries about men’s reticence for accessing clinical medical services, along with the more recent recognition of men’s health inequities, has driven work in community-based men’s health promotion. Indeed, the 2000s have seen rapid growth in community-based programs targeting men, and across this expanse of innovative work, experiential and empirical insights afford some important lessons learnt, and caveats to guide existing and future efforts. The current article offers eight lessons learnt regarding the design, content, recruitment, delivery, evaluation and scaling of community-based men’s health promotion programs. Design lessons include the need to address social determinants of health and men’s health inequities, build activity-based programming, garner men’s permission and affirmation to shift masculine norms, and integrate content to advance men’s health literacy. Also detailed are lessons learnt about men-friendly spaces, recruitment and retention strategies, the need to incrementally execute program evaluations, and the limits for program sustainability and scaling. Drawing from diverse community-based programs to illustrate the lessons learnt, caveats are also detailed to contextualize and caution some aspects of the lessons that are shared. The express aim of discussing lessons learnt and their caveats, reflected in the purpose of the current article, is to guide existing and future work in the ever growing field of community-based men’s health promotion.
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Sanga, Gladys, Irene Jao, Noni Mumba, Salim Mwalukore, Dorcas Kamuya, and Alun Davies. "Always leave the audience wanting more: An entertaining approach to stimulate engagement with health research among publics in coastal Kenya through ‘Magnet Theatre’." Wellcome Open Research 6 (January 11, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16461.1.
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Background: Magnet Theatre (MT), a form of participatory community theatre, is one of several public engagement approaches used to facilitate engagement between KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) researchers and public audiences in Coastal Kenya. We describe how we used MT as an entertaining forum where audiences learn about research, and where researchers learn about how the public views research. Methods: Drama scripts depicting community interaction with different aspects of research were developed iteratively with research staff, a theatre company and community members. Six fortnightly theatre outreaches per site over two months, attracting a total of 1454 audience members were held in Mida, a rural village 30 km north of Kilifi; and in Mtwapa, a peri-urban town 45 km to the south. Audiences were presented with dramatized health research-related dilemmas and subsequently invited to enact their responses. Evaluation comprised, notes and observations from meetings, rehearsals and outreaches, transcripts from a review workshop with repeat audience members (n=21), a reflection meeting with KWTRP engagement staff (n=12), and a group discussion with the theatre company (n=9). Discussions were recorded, transcribed, translated to English and analysed using thematic approach. Results: Despite being costly in terms of time and expense, we argue that MT in public spaces can assist audience members to navigate ‘border-crossings’ between everyday contexts and scientific/research concepts. This can enable audiences to share their views and concerns and enact their responses to research-related dilemmas. Conclusions: While reporting on MT’s successes, drawing from literature on rumours, we acknowledge the limitations of individual engagement activities in providing long-term solutions to address alternative interpretations and rumours about research, in the context of local and global inequities. MT, however, presents an opportunity for researchers to express respect to public audiences through making research more accessible and providing opportunities to listen to public views and concerns.
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Sanga, Gladys, Irene Jao, Noni Mumba, Salim Mwalukore, Dorcas Kamuya, and Alun Davies. "Always leave the audience wanting more: An entertaining approach to stimulate engagement with health research among publics in coastal Kenya through ‘Magnet Theatre’." Wellcome Open Research 6 (July 2, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16461.2.
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Background: Magnet Theatre (MT), a form of participatory community theatre, is one of several public engagement approaches used to facilitate engagement between KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) researchers and public audiences in Coastal Kenya. We describe how we used MT as an entertaining forum where audiences learn about research, and where researchers learn about how the public views research. Methods: Drama scripts depicting community interaction with different aspects of research were developed iteratively with research staff, a theatre company and community members. Six fortnightly theatre outreaches per site over two months, attracting a total of 1454 audience members were held in Mida, a rural village 30 km north of Kilifi; and in Mtwapa, a peri-urban town 45 km to the south. Audiences were presented with dramatized health research-related dilemmas and subsequently invited to enact their responses. Evaluation comprised, notes and observations from meetings, rehearsals and outreaches, transcripts from a review workshop with repeat audience members (n=21), a reflection meeting with KWTRP engagement staff (n=12), and a group discussion with the theatre company (n=9). Discussions were recorded, transcribed, translated to English and analysed using thematic approach. Results: Despite being costly in terms of time and expense, we argue that MT in public spaces can assist audience members to navigate ‘border-crossings’ between everyday contexts and scientific/research concepts. This can enable audiences to share their views and concerns and enact their responses to research-related dilemmas. Conclusions: While reporting on MT’s successes, drawing from literature on rumours, we acknowledge the limitations of individual engagement activities in providing long-term solutions to address alternative interpretations and rumours about research, in the context of local and global inequities. MT, however, presents an opportunity for researchers to express respect to public audiences through making research more accessible and providing opportunities to listen to public views and concerns.
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Neto, Paulo De Oliveira, Andréa Scalco, Ana Elissa Smith Bressan Lourenzani, and Sandra Cristina de Oliveira. "Urban agriculture and food security: a case study in Maringá, PR, Brazil." Ciência e Natura 42 (March 4, 2020): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41224.
Full textAbstract:
The urbanization resulting from Brazilian industrialization after World War II influenced the development and infrastructure aspects of urban centers. This generated a growth of the urban population, resulting in socioeconomic structural problems related to public health, education, food insecurity, among others. Urban agriculture consists of agriculture activities within urban spaces and can promote food security to those who practice it and to those who benefit from its access. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the impact of urban agriculture on food security. The research was carried out in community gardens in the city of Maringá, Brazil, using the EBIA method, with procedures of descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that the activity did not contribute to the food security of people who depend on the resources generated, whether for consumption or income.
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Poláčková, Julie, and Andrea Jindrová. "Assessment of subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions of the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070267.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is focused on the methodological approaches to assess subjective aspects of the quality of life in the various regions. Besides, directly measurable indicators, which may not always correspond with the quality of life of the individuals in the regions, the subjective aspects of well-being are also in the spotlight. The pilot analysis examined the answers to questions such as: Are you satisfied with the health and social services, the cost of living, safety of public spaces, affordability of housing, or your personal job situation? These answers were used for an assessment of the quality of life in the different regions of the Czech Republic. We used multivariate modeling to explicitly account for the hierarchical structure of respondents within the Czech Republic, and for understanding patterns of variation between regions. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the general analysis of regional differences. The overall goal of principal component analysis is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set, while simultaneously retaining the information present in the data. The differences were illustrated by cartographic visualization and by scatter plots of the first three principal components. The cluster analysis was used to discover similarities and differences of the quality of life within various regions of the Czech Republic.
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Lefkowich, Maya, Noel Richardson, and Steve Robertson. "“If We Want to Get Men in, Then We Need to Ask Men What They Want”: Pathways to Effective Health Programing for Men." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 5 (November 26, 2015): 1512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315617825.
Full textAbstract:
In Ireland, men’s health is becoming a priority. In line with global trends, indicators of poor mental health (including rates of depression and suicide) are increasing alongside rates of unemployment and social isolation. Despite the growing awareness of men’s health as a national priority, and development of the first National Men’s Health Policy in the world, there is still a concern about men’s nonengagement with health services. Health and community services often struggle to appropriately accommodate men, and men commonly avoid health spaces. A growing body of literature suggests that a persistent lack of support or resources for service providers contributes to their inability to identify and meet men’s unique health needs. This study aims to provide further insight into the ways in which this gap between men and health services can be closed. Semistructured, qualitative interviews were conducted with nine project partners ( n = 9) of a successful men’s health program in Dublin. Interviews captured reflections on what processes or strategies contribute to effective men’s health programs. Findings suggest that gender-specific strategies—especially related to community—engagement and capacity building—are necessary in creating health programs that both promote men’s health and enable men to safely and comfortably participate. Moreover, including men in all aspects of the planning stages helps ensure that programs are accessible and acceptable for men. These findings have been operationalized into a user-driven resource that illustrates evidence-informed strategies and guiding principles that can be used by practitioners hoping to engage with men.
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Setyabudi, Irawan, Kristoforus Wasa Ngama, and Wahidyanti Rahayu Hastutiningtyas. "Kajian Penggunaan Ruang dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Suku Saga di Kabupaten Ende." Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2020.018.01.4.
Full textAbstract:
Saga Village, Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara has a traditional house that becomes its identity, namely Sa’o. Unlike ordinary traditional houses, Sa’o has a customary leader in each house. Thus, the house is not just a place to live but also shows the social hierarchy. Visually, the floor plan is a square with a very steep roof angle so that the roof is visible. The philosophy follows the analogy of the human body, that is, lewu (pedestal/ foot), one (wall/ body), gara (roof/ head). On the macro scale, the Saga settlement pattern follows the contour pattern. There are about 20 houses with the same typology. The use of space in cultural activities is not yet identified. Besides, the position of the contoured landscape without shade and surrounded by forests has a vulnerability to several diseases. The link between space use and environmental health also has not yet been explained. Continuing from previous research on space cosmology, the micro aspect in this study deals with the physical identification of traditional houses. In contrast, in the macro aspect, it discusses the use of space for cultural activities and aspects of environmental health. The data collection was carried out through focus group discussions (FGD) and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The results of this study are descriptions of spaces used for cultural activities at a particular time and place as well as efforts to improve public environmental health. In conclusion, Saga people have local wisdom in terms of traditional architecture, in addition to the intangible form of inherited traditions and efforts to improve environmental health.