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van den Berg, Bellis, Linda Grievink, Kersten Gutschmidt, Thierry Lang, Stephen Palmer, Marc Ruijten, Rene Stumpel, and Joris Yzermans. "The Public Health Dimension of Disasters—Health Outcome Assessment of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S2 (August 2008): s55—s59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021257.
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AbstractA broad range of health problems are related to disasters. Insight into these health problems is needed for targeted disaster management. Disaster health outcome assessment can provide insight into the health effects of disasters.During the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine in Amsterdam (2007), experts in the field of disaster epidemiology discussed important aspects of disaster health outcome assessment, such as: (1) what is meant by disaster health outcome assessment?; (2) why should one conduct a disaster health outcome assessment, and what are the objectives?, and (3) who benefits from the information obtained by a disaster health outcome assessment?A disaster health outcome assessment can be defined as a systematic assessment of the current and potential health problems in a population affected by a disaster. Different methods can be used to examine these health problems such as: (1) rapid assessment of health needs; (2) (longitudinal) epidemiological studies using questionnaires; (3) continuous surveillance of health problems using existing registration systems; (4) assessment of the use and distribution of health services; and (5) research into the etiology of the health effects of disasters.The public health impact of a disaster may not be immediately evident. Disaster health outcome assessment provides insight into the health related consequences of disasters. The information that is obtained by performing a disaster health outcome assessment can be used to initiate and adapt the provision of health care. Besides information for policy-makers, disaster health outcome assessments can contribute to the knowledge and evidence base of disaster health outcomes (scientific objective). Finally, disaster health outcome assessment might serve as a signal of recognition of the problems of the survivors.Several stakeholders may benefit from the information obtained from a disaster health outcome assessment. Disaster decision-makers and the public health community benefit from performing a disaster health outcome assessment, since it provides information that is useful for the different aspects of disaster management. Also, by providing information about the nature, prevalence, and course of health problems, (mental) health care workers can anticipate the health needs and requirements in the affected population.It is important to realize that the disaster is not over when the acute care has been provided. Instead, disasters will cause many other health problems and concerns such as infectious diseases and mental health problems. Disaster health outcome assessments provide insight into the public health impact of disasters.
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Nia, S. P. S., U. Kulatunga, C. Udeaja, and S. Valadi. "IMPLEMENTING GIS TO IMPROVE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY IN NATURAL DISASTERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-369-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Over the past decades, the number of natural disasters has been growing around the world. In addition to damaging communities and infrastructures, unexpected disasters also affect service providers such as hospitals and health centers. Markedly, hospital safety from disasters is a challenge in all countries. With disaster damage to health systems resulting in human tragedy, huge economic losses, devastating blows to developmental goals, and shaken social confidence. Ensuring that hospitals and health facilities are safe and secure from disasters depend on implementing an appropriate method to mitigate adverse impacts on hospitals during incidents. Thus, disaster management becomes even more significant, as the health sector has been particularly vulnerable to damages.<br> So, it is crucial to develop appropriate mitigation and adoption method for healthcare facilities, to withstand the natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. A comprehensive disaster plan is required to ensure a prompt disaster response and coordinated management of a multi causality incident. The aim of this research is to systemically and critically review the importance of hospitals in disaster events and this research attempts to reach a basic understanding to mitigate the risk of disasters in hospitals and improve the continuity of health services during or after disaster events. For this study, secondary information was retrieved from the literature review and document review on sudden-onset natural disasters in different parts of the world was collected. This study found some challenges and deliverables for disaster managers that could mitigate the risk of a natural disaster’s impact on a hospital. Accordingly, this research will evaluate the importance of disaster management for hospitals and the challenges that need to be considered during the disaster response.</p>
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Noji, Eric K. "The Public Health Consequences of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025255.
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AbstractAlthough disasters have exacted a heavy toll of death and suffering, the future seems more frightening. Good disaster management must link data collection and analysis to the decision-making process. The overall objectives of disaster management from the viewpoint of public health are: 1) needs assessments; 2) matching available resources with defined needs; 3) prevention of further adverse health effects; 4) implementation of disease-control strategies; 5) evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of these strategies; and 6) improvement in contingency planning for future disasters.The effects of sudden-onset, natural disasters on humans are quantifiable. Knowledge of the epidemiology of deaths, injuries, and illnesses is essential to determine effective responses; provide public education; establish priorities, planning, and training. In addition, the temporal patterns for the medical care required must be established so that the needs in future disasters can be anticipated.This article discusses: 1) the nature of disasters due to sudden-onset, natural events; 2) the medical and health needs associated with such events and disasters; 3) practical issues of disaster responses; and 4) the advance organization and management of disasters. The discussion also includes: 1) discussions of past problems in disaster management including non-congruence between available supplies and the actual needs of the affected population; 2) information management; 3) needs assessments; 4) public health surveillance; and 5) linking information with decision-making. This discussion is followed by an analysis of what currently is known about the health-care needs during some specific types of sudden-onset, natural disasters: 1) floods; 2) tropical cyclones; 3) tornadoes; 4) volcanic eruptions; and 5) earthquakes. The article concludes with descriptions of some specific public-health problems associated with disasters including epidemics and disposition of corpses.All natural disasters are unique in that the regions affected have different social, economic, and health backgrounds. But, many similarities exist, and knowledge about these can ensure that the health and emergency medical relief and limited resources are well-managed.
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Keim, M. "(A158) Preventing Disasters: Public Health Vulnerability Reduction as a Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001567.
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BackgroundGlobal warming is predicted to increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. (IPCC 2007) But we can lessen the effects of these disasters. “Critically important will be factors that directly shape the health of populations such as education, health care, public health prevention and infrastructure.” (IPCC 2007) A comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) has been proposed for climate change adaptation. (Thomalla 2006) DRR is cost-effective. One dollar invested in DRR can save $2-10 in disaster response and recovery costs. (Mechler 2005) Disasters occur as a result of the combination of population exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences.DiscussionBy reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen—and at times even prevent—their impact. Vulnerability may be lessened by: 1) reducing human exposures to the hazard by a reduction of human vulnerability, 2) lessening human susceptibility to the hazard, and 3) building resilience to the impact of the hazard. (Keim 2008) Public health disasters are prevented when populations are protected from exposure to the hazard. Public awareness and education can be used to promote a “culture of prevention” and to encourage local prevention activities. Public health disasters may also be mitigated through both structural and social measures undertaken to limit a health hazard's adverse impact. (IPCC 2007) Community-level public health can play an important part in lessening human vulnerability to climate-related disasters through promotion of “healthy people, healthy homes and healthy, disaster resilience communities.” (Srinivasan 2003)
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Gueri, Miguel. "Public Health Aspects of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030326.
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It has been said that never are two disasters alike. Indeed the effects of floods on health are considerably different from the effects of earthquakes. But even two earthquakes may bring different results depending on a number of circumstances, which basically involve the characteristics of the event itself (e.g., magnitude, depth of the hypocenter, distance from the epicenter, etc.), of the striken population (its “disaster culture,” knowledge of disasters and preparedness, level of immunity against certain diseases, endemicity, etc.) and the physical and sociological environment (e.g., type of housing, high mountains vs. pantanous jungles, etc.). However, we are getting to know more and more about disasters and about populations at risk to be able to anticipate some of the effects the disaster may have on the health of the community, as long as we keep in mind the three factors mentioned above.
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Shoaf, Kimberley. "Organizing the health sector for response to disasters." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, no. 9 (September 2014): 3705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014199.03722014.
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Each year millions of people around the world are affected by natural and manmade disasters. The consequences of natural disasters in terms of health are complex. Disasters directly impact the health of the population resulting in physical trauma, acute disease, and emotional trauma. Furthermore, disasters may increase the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic and infectious diseases due to the impact on the health system. The health sector must be organized for adequate preparedness, mitigation, response and recuperation from a plethora of potential disasters. This paper examines the various potential impacts of disasters on health, the components of the health sector and their roles in emergency medical care and disaster situations, as well as the coordination and organization necessary within the system to best meet the health needs of a population in the aftermath of a disaster.
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Ralte, H., N. Roy, K. Chatterjee, and V. More. "(A123) Developing World Disaster Health Research - Present Evidence and Future Priorities." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001245.
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Developing world disaster Health research - Present Evidence & future prioritiesIntroductionConsidering that 85% of disasters and 95% of disaster-related deaths occur in the developing world, the overwhelming number of casualties has contributed insignificantly to the world's peer-reviewed literature. The existing & available evidence on disasters in peer-reviewed journals about the developing world, was examined for quality and quantity in this systematic review.MethodsThe free PubMed database was searched using the MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms ‘disasters’, ‘disaster medicine, ‘rescue work’, ‘relief work’ and ‘conflict’ and then refined using the MeSH terms ‘developing country’. The final list of selected manuscripts were analyzed by type of article, level of evidence, theme of the manuscript and topic, author affiliation & region of the study.ResultsCitations using MeSH search terms ‘disasters’, ‘disaster medicine, ‘rescue work’, ‘relief work’ & ‘conflict’ yielded 63,196 results. After these results were refined using the second MeSH term “developing country”, 438 articles were retained. Less than 1% (0.69%) citations in PubMed dealt with developing country disasters. Half of the manuscripts (46.5%) were found to be original research articles (36.1%) or reviews (10.4%), while more than a quarter (29.5%) were commentaries. 97.4% (149/153) of all ‘original research articles’ were Level IV or V evidence. A fifth (20.3%) of the authors of all manuscripts on developing world disasters were from the developing world (82/404); Predominant themes (29.1%) were missions, healthcare provision and humanitarian aid during the acute phase of developing world disasters.ConclusionLess than 1% of all disaster-related publications are about developing world disasters. Also, the developed world, authors four-fifths of the articles about developing world disasters, and contributes the predominant perspective. Aid for sustaining long-term disaster research may be a more useful investment in mitigating future disasters, than short-term humanitarian aid missions to the developing world.
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Newnham, Elizabeth A., Peta L. Dzidic, Enrique L. P. Mergelsberg, Bhushan Guragain, Emily Ying Yang Chan, Yoshiharu Kim, Jennifer Leaning, et al. "The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network: Setting a Mental Health Agenda for the Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176144.
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Addressing the psychological mechanisms and structural inequalities that underpin mental health issues is critical to recovery following disasters and pandemics. The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network was established in June 2020 in response to the current disaster climate and to foster advancements in disaster-oriented mental health research, practice and policy across the region. Supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) Thematic Platform for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM), the network brings together leading disaster psychiatry, psychology and public health experts. Our aim is to advance policy, research and targeted translation of the evidence so that communities are better informed in preparation and response to disasters, pandemics and mass trauma. The first meetings of the network resulted in the development of a regional disaster mental health agenda focused on the current context, with five priority areas: (1) Strengthening community engagement and the integration of diverse perspectives in planning, implementing and evaluating mental health and psychosocial response in disasters; (2) Supporting and assessing the capacity of mental health systems to respond to disasters; (3) Optimising emerging technologies in mental healthcare; (4) Understanding and responding appropriately to addressing the mental health impacts of climate change; (5) Prioritising mental health and psychosocial support for high-risk groups. Consideration of these priority areas in future research, practice and policy will support nuanced and effective psychosocial initiatives for disaster-affected populations within the Asia Pacific region.
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Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, Luca Ragazzoni, Marco Tengattini, Luca Carenzo, and Francesco Della Corte. "Nationwide Program of Education for Undergraduates in the Field of Disaster Medicine: Development of a Core Curriculum Centered on Blended Learning and Simulation Tools." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 5 (August 22, 2014): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000831.
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AbstractIn recent years, effective models of disaster medicine curricula for medical schools have been established. However, only a small percentage of medical schools worldwide have considered at least basic disaster medicine teaching in their study program. In Italy, disaster medicine has not yet been included in the medical school curriculum. Perceiving the lack of a specific course on disaster medicine, the Segretariato Italiano Studenti in Medicina (SISM) contacted the Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale in Medicina di Emergenza e dei Disastri ed Informatica applicata alla didattica e alla pratica Medica (CRIMEDIM) with a proposal for a nationwide program in this field. Seven modules (introduction to disaster medicine, prehospital disaster management, definition of triage, characteristics of hospital disaster plans, treatment of the health consequences of different disasters, psychosocial care, and presentation of past disasters) were developed using an e-learning platform and a 12-hour classroom session which involved problem-based learning (PBL) activities, table-top exercises, and a computerized simulation (Table 1). The modules were designed as a framework for a disaster medicine curriculum for undergraduates and covered the three main disciplines (clinical and psychosocial, public health, and emergency and risk management) of the core of “Disaster Health” according to the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) international guidelines for disaster medicine education. From January 2011 through May 2013, 21 editions of the course were delivered to 21 different medical schools, and 524 students attended the course. The blended approach and the use of simulation tools were appreciated by all participants and successfully increased participants’ knowledge of disaster medicine and basic competencies in performing mass-casualty triage. This manuscript reports on the designing process and the initial outcomes with respect to learners' achievements and satisfaction of a 1-month educational course on the fundamentals of disaster medicine. This experience might represent a valid and innovative solution for a disaster medicine curriculum for medical students that is easily delivered by medical schools.Table 1List of Modules and TopicsModuleTopics1. Introduction to disaster medicine and public health during emergencies- Modern taxonomy of disaster and common disaster medicine definitions- Differences between disaster and emergency medicine- Principles of public health during disasters- Different phases of disaster management2. Prehospital disaster management- Mass-casualty disposition, treatment area, and transport issues- Disaster plans and command-and-control chain structure- Functional response roles3. Specific disaster medicine and triage procedures in the- Mass-casualty triage definitions and principlesmanagement of disasters- Different methodologies and protocols- Patient assessment, triage levels and tags4. Hospital disaster preparedness and response- Hospital disaster laws- Hospital preparedness plans for in-hospital and out-hospital disasters with an all-hazard approach- Medical management for a massive influx of casualties5. Health consequences of different disasters- Characteristics of different types of disasters- Health impact of natural and man-made disasters- Disaster-related injury after exposure to a different disasters with an all-hazard approach6. Psychosocial care- Techniques to deal with psychic reactions caused by exposure to disaster scenarios- Treatment approaches to acute and delayed critical incident stress reactions7. Presentation of past disasters and public health emergencies, andCase study:review of assistance experiences- Haiti earthquake- Cholera outbreaks in Haiti- National and international disaster response mechanismIngrassiaPL, RagazzoniL, TengattiniM, CarenzoL, Della CorteF. Nationwide program of education for undergraduates in the field of disaster medicine: development of a core curriculum centered on blended learning and simulation tools. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-8.
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Murthy, Srinivas, and Michael D. Christian. "Infectious Diseases Following Disasters." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 3 (October 2010): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.hcn10005.
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ABSTRACTInfectious diseases following natural disasters tend to occur as a result of the prolonged secondary effects of the disaster, mostly when there is an interruption of public health measures resulting from destruction of the local infrastructure. This article will review the infectious risks that occur as a result of natural disasters, with a focus on the mechanism of disease spread, infectious diseases after specific disasters, and various evidence-based interventions.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:232-238)
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Gowing, Jeremy R., Kim N. Walker, Shandell L. Elmer, and Elizabeth A. Cummings. "Disaster Preparedness among Health Professionals and Support Staff: What is Effective? An Integrative Literature Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 3 (March 16, 2017): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1700019x.
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AbstractIntroductionIt is important that health professionals and support staff are prepared for disasters to safeguard themselves and the community during disasters. There has been a significantly heightened focus on disasters since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in New York (USA); however, despite this, it is evident that health professionals and support staff may not be adequately prepared for disasters.ReportAn integrative literature review was performed based on a keyword search of the major health databases for primary research evaluating preparedness of health professionals and support staff. The literature was quality appraised using a mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT), and a thematic analysis was completed to identify current knowledge and gaps.DiscussionThe main themes identified were: health professionals and support staff may not be fully prepared for disasters; the most effective content and methods for disaster preparedness is unknown; and the willingness of health professionals and support staff to attend work and perform during disasters needs further evaluation. Gaps were identified to guide further research and the creation of new knowledge to best prepare for disasters. These included the need for: high-quality research to evaluate the best content and methods of disaster preparedness; inclusion of the multi-disciplinary health care team as participants; preparation for internal disasters; the development of validated competencies for preparedness; validated tools for measurement; and the importance of performance in actual disasters to evaluate preparation.ConclusionThe literature identified that all types of disaster preparedness activities lead to improvements in knowledge, skills, or attitude preparedness for disasters. Most studies focused on external disasters and the preparedness of medical, nursing, public health, or paramedic professionals. There needs to be a greater focus on the whole health care team, including allied health professionals and support staff, for both internal and external disasters. Evaluation during real disasters and the use of validated competencies and tools to deliver and evaluate disaster preparedness will enhance knowledge of best practice preparedness. However, of the 36 research articles included in this review, only five were rated at 100% using the MMAT. Due to methodological weakness of the research reviewed, the findings cannot be generalized, nor can the most effective method be determined.GowingJR, WalkerKN, ElmerSL, CummingsEA. Disaster preparedness among health professionals and support staff: what is effective? An integrative literature review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):321–328.
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Lin, C. L. Y., K. Hung, E. Y. Y. Chan, and P. P. Y. Lee. "(P1-53) Effectiveness of “Understanding Disasters” Training Among Health Care Professionals and Responders in China." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s115—s116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003852.
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BackgroundKnowledge about disasters plays an essential role in managing and responding to disasters and emergencies, especially among a group of health care professionals who are actively or will potentially be involved in disaster and emergency settings. A set of training materials that aims to enhance understanding of disasters and their impact of health has been developed. This project aims to examine the effectiveness of the disaster knowledge training to improve technical knowledge and perceptions of health impact of disasters in health care professionals and responders.Methods“Understanding Disasters” training was provided to 300 health care professionals during May to October. Each of the participated attendees filled a pre- and immediate post-training survey that contains socio-demographic information and 20 items measuring various knowledge of disasters.Results287 individuals completed the questionnaires (95% response rate). Findings demonstrated that training may effectively enhance one's knowledge about disasters, especially by clarifying the myths and misunderstandings towards disasters. Respondents demonstrated an enhancement of knowledge in 70% of the questions (14/20). Of note, while the whole sample exhibited an enhancement in knowledge, non-clinical staff appeared to have more statistical significant gained in knowledge than clinical based trainee.ImplicationAlthough disasters cannot be controlled, human impacts of disaster can be mitigated if appropriate training might be offer. This study demonstrates that training program might be useful to enhance better understanding of health impact of disasters.
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Mathew, Dolly. "Information Technology and Public Health Management of Disasters—A Model for South Asian Countries." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 1 (February 2005): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002156.
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AbstractThis paper highlights the use of information technology (IT) in disaster management and public health management of disasters. Effective health response to disasters will depend on three important lines of action: (1) disaster preparedness; (2) emergency relief; and (3) management of disasters. This is facilitated by the presence of modern communication and space technology, especially the Internet and remote sensing satellites. This has made the use of databases, knowledge bases, geographic information systems (GIS), management information systems (MIS), information transfer, and online connectivity possible in the area of disaster management and medicine.This paper suggests a conceptual model called, “The Model for Public Health Management of Disasters for South Asia”. This Model visualizes the use of IT in the public health management of disasters by setting up the Health and Disaster Information Network and Internet Community Centers, which will facilitate cooperation among all those in the areas of disaster management and emergency medicine. The suggested infrastructure would benefit the governments, non-government organizations, and institutions working in the areas of disaster and emergency medicine, professionals, the community, and all others associated with disaster management and emergency medicine. The creation of such an infrastructure will enable the rapid transfer of information, data, knowledge, and online connectivity from top officials to the grassroots organizations, and also among these countries regionally. This Model may be debated, modified, and tested further in the field to suit the national and local conditions. It is hoped that this exercise will result in a viable and practical model for use in public health management of disasters by South Asian countries.
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Davis, Jennifer R., Sacoby Wilson, Amy Brock-Martin, Saundra Glover, and Erik R. Svendsen. "The Impact of Disasters on Populations With Health and Health Care Disparities." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 1 (March 2010): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1935789300002391.
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ABSTRACTContext:A disaster is indiscriminate in whom it affects. Limited research has shown that the poor and medically underserved, especially in rural areas, bear an inequitable amount of the burden.Objective:To review the literature on the combined effects of a disaster and living in an area with existing health or health care disparities on a community's health, access to health resources, and quality of life.Methods:We performed a systematic literature review using the following search terms: disaster, health disparities, health care disparities, medically underserved, and rural. Our inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed, US studies that discussed the delayed or persistent health effects of disasters in medically underserved areas.Results:There has been extensive research published on disasters, health disparities, health care disparities, and medically underserved populations individually, but not collectively.Conclusions:The current literature does not capture the strain of health and health care disparities before and after a disaster in medically underserved communities. Future disaster studies and policies should account for differences in health profiles and access to care before and after a disaster.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:30-38)
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Jennings-Sanders, Dr.PH, RN, Andrea. "Disaster preparedness and response: Implications for public health nurses." Journal of Emergency Management 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2006.0021.
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Disasters are becoming more of an integral aspect of life in the United States and in other countries. Public health nurses are in the forefront of providing health services to people affected by disasters. Thus, it is essential that all public health nurses have access to information that will assist them in disaster situations. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Framework for Public Health Nurses: Interventions Model can be utilized for planning and responding to disasters. The interventions in the model are directly applicable to disaster situations and, in addition, raise questions on issues that need to be addressed by local, state, and federal public health officials.
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Uddin, Khwaja Nazim. "Health hazard after natural disasters in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 28, no. 2 (January 21, 2018): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v28i2.33357.
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A natural disaster is defined as an event of nature, which overwhelms local resources and threatens the function and safety of the community. Our main natural disasters are related to Flood and torrential rain and related events.. Earth quake even tsunamis happened here but so far not to the devastating state. Technological disaster like collapse of big building unnoticed firebreak out in huge industry has claimed life here and risked prevailing health system. Volcanic eruptions, Wildfire, Wind/Snow storm are problem in other part of the world. Deaths associated with natural disasters, particularly rapid-onset disasters, are overwhelmingly due to blunt trauma, crush-related injuries, or drowning. The relationship between natural disasters and communicable diseases is frequently misconstrued. The risk for outbreaks is often presumed to be very high in the chaos that follows natural disasters, a fear likely derived from a perceived misconception of association between dead bodies and epidemics. The availability of safe water and sanitation facilities, the degree of crowding, the underlying health status of the population, and the availability of healthcare services all interact within the context of the local disease ecology to influence the risk for communicable diseases and death in the affected population. This review is prepared from research and review articles published in different journal.ECHO factsheet -2017.WHO technical reports,CDC fact sheet,Pan Am health organization report werealso studied. A public health approach to disaster risk managementshould focus on decreasing the vulnerability of communitiesthrough prevention and mitigation measures and increasingthe coping capacity and preparedness of the health sectorand communityBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2017; 28(2) : 81-90
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Thamarapani, Dhanushka. "Natural disasters and child health." Environment and Development Economics 26, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x20000182.
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AbstractWith the increasing number of natural disasters, understanding the links between these events and child health has become timely and pertinent. Using a panel dataset, this paper empirically investigates the persistent effects on child health due to exposure to a series of natural disasters that occurred from 2002 to 2007 in Indonesia. We find that girls exposed to multiple disaster events are 0.19 standard deviations shorter and are 7 per cent more likely to be stunted when measured 7 to 12 years later. We find no persistent effect on boys. From a public policy perspective, we highlight the need for coping strategies beyond access to credit or remittances in order to mitigate growth retardation in children.
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Setyo Palupi, Listyati, and Muhammad Noor Rahman Himawan. "A Relationship between Resilience and Psychological Preparedness for Disaster among Airlangga University Health Faculty Students." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 12025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020212025.
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National Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia recorded 3,406 disasters events during in Indonesia reached. Research suggest that people who lived in the disasters prone area such as need to be well prepared both physically and psychologically in order to reduce the risk of disaster and ensure that the people are resilience. One of disasters prone area in east part of Java island is East Java Province. In East Java total of disasters occurred are 1537 case. Therefore, it is important to identify their psychological preparedness and resilience in this region. Thus, this study aims to determine whether there is a correlation between resilience with psychological preparedness for disaster. This research was conducted among Airlangga University Health Faculty Students in Surabaya, East Java. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The scale used are Brief Resilience Scale and Psychological Preparedness for Potential Disasters Scale. The results obtained from this study are that there is a positive linear correlation between resilience and psychological preparedness for disaster with 0.338 coefficient correlation score. That means if the level of resilience is high, the level of psychological preparedness for disaster will also be high. Vice versa.
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Seddighi, Hamed, Sepideh Yousefzadeh, Mónica López López, and Homeira Sajjadi. "Preparing children for climate-related disasters." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (October 2020): e000833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000833.
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Climate-related disasters affect different dimensions of children’s health and well-being both directly and indirectly. Reducing children’s vulnerability and exposure to climate-related disasters is crucial to protect them against risks. Children as climate-change agents and future leaders at local, national and international level can obviously contribute to reduce vulnerabilities in families and communities and transfer knowledge to them. Moreover, children can advocate for climate change mitigation. In the long term, participation of children in the climate change mitigation programmes may lead to fewer disasters and, consequently, less risk to their health.As government policies have failed to fully address and respond to the drivers of climate-related disasters, disasters preparedness and education for children should be considered an essential activity to protect children from disaster’s risks.Main factors in shaping children’s behaviour and response to disaster are increasing the risk perception and knowledge of the children. When a child perceived likelihood, susceptibility and severity of a disaster (such as earthquake), then they would be able and willing to learn how to prepare for that.So far, disaster education programmes for children have mostly relied on offline school-based training. Different innovative approaches can be applied to continue education within online and digital formats including virtual reality, digital games and online platforms. However, an advocacy support by influential entities such as companies engaged in entertainment industry is required to raise the awareness of public and particularly the children about disaster preparedness.
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Watson, Kaitlyn E., Vivienne Tippett, Judith A. Singleton, and Lisa M. Nissen. "Disaster Health Management: Do Pharmacists Fit in the Team?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18001152.
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AbstractBackgroundIn addition to the traditional logistics role, pharmacists are undertaking important new roles in disasters. Despite this, little is known about the level of acceptance of these activities by other providers.ProblemThe aim of this study was to determine the international opinion of disaster and health professionals regarding the emerging roles of pharmacists in disasters.MethodsDelegates at the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine’s (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) 20th Congress in Toronto, Canada (April 2017) were invited to complete an anonymous survey posing eight questions regarding attitudes towards pharmacists’ roles in disasters. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM (IBM Corp.; Armonk, New York USA) SPSS statistical software version 23, and qualitative data were manually coded.ResultsOf the 222 surveys handed out, 126 surveys were completed yielding a 56.8% response rate. Of the respondents, 96.8% (122/126) believed pharmacists had a role in disasters additional to logistics. Out of 11 potential roles pharmacists could perform in a disaster, provided on a 5-point Likert scale, eight roles were given a rating of “Agree” or “Strongly Agree” by 72.4% or more of the participants. Lack of understanding of a pharmacist’s roles and capabilities was the highest described barrier to pharmacists’ roles in disaster management.ConclusionsThis multi-disciplinary disaster health “community” agreed pharmacists have roles in disasters in addition to the established role in supply chain logistics. Participants accepted that pharmacists could possibly undertake numerous clinical roles in a disaster. Several barriers were identified that may be preventing pharmacists from being further included in disaster health management planning and response.WatsonKE, TippettV, SingletonJA, NissenLM. Disaster health management: do pharmacists fit in the team?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):30–37.
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Watson, Kaitlyn E., Judith A. Singleton, Vivienne Tippett, and Lisa M. Nissen. "Do disasters predict international pharmacy legislation?" Australian Health Review 44, no. 3 (2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19093.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore whether a relationship exists between the number of disasters a jurisdiction has experienced and the presence of disaster-specific pharmacy legislation. MethodsPharmacy legislation specific to disasters was reviewed for five countries: Australia, Canada, UK, US and New Zealand. A binary logistic regression test using a generalised estimating equation was used to examine the association between the number of disasters experienced by a state, province, territory or country and whether they had disaster-specific pharmacy legislation. ResultsThree of six models were statistically significant, suggesting that the odds of a jurisdiction having disaster-specific pharmacy legislation increased as the number of disasters increased for the period 2007–17 and 2013–17. There was an association between the everyday emergency supply legislation and the presence of the extended disaster-specific emergency supply legislation . ConclusionsIt is evident from this review that there are inconsistencies as to the level of assistance pharmacists can provide during times of crisis depending on their jurisdiction and location of practice. It is not a question of whether pharmacists have the skills and capabilities to assist, but rather what legislative barriers are preventing them from being able to contribute further to the disaster healthcare team. What is known about the topic?The contributing factors to disaster-specific pharmacy legislation has not previously been explored in Australia. It can be postulated that the number of disasters experienced by a jurisdiction increases the likelihood of governments introducing disaster-specific pharmacy legislation based on other countries. What does this paper add?This study compared five countries and their pharmacy legislation specific to disasters. It identified that as the number of disasters increases, the odds of a jurisdiction having disaster-specific emergency supply or disaster relocation or mobile pharmacy legislation increases. However, this is likely to be only one of many factors affecting the political decisions of when and what legislation is passed in relation to pharmacists’ roles in disasters. What are the implications for practitioners?Pharmacists are well situated in the community to be of assistance during disasters. However, their ability to help patients with chronic disease management or providing necessary vaccinations in disasters is limited by the legislation in their jurisdiction. Releasing pharmacists’ full potential in disasters could alleviate the burden of low-acuity patients on other healthcare services. This could subsequently free up other healthcare professionals to treat high-acuity patients and emergencies.
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Watson, Kaitlyn E., Judith A. Singleton, Vivienne Tippett, and Lisa M. Nissen. "Pharmacists Transcend Disaster Health "Silos"." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001390.
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Introduction:Weather-related natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity, severely impacting communities. The patient demographic requiring assistance in a disaster is changing from acute traumas to chronic disease exacerbations. Adequate management requires a multidisciplinary healthcare approach. Pharmacists have been recorded in various disaster roles in literature. However, their roles within these disaster health teams are not well-established and do not fully utilize their skill sets.Aim:To identify where pharmacists roles are within the four phases of a disaster – prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR), and to determine the barriers to pharmacists being better integrated into disaster teams.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 international key stakeholders and pharmacists. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using both open and axial manual coding, as well as the text-analytics software Leximancer®. The use of these two methods provided triangulation of methods for reliability of results. This research project was covered by QUT ethics approval number 1700000106.Results:The themes identified were community, government, "disaster management," "pharmacy," and "barriers and facilitators." The Leximancer® analysis compared the different disaster perspective and experience levels of the participants. The more experienced disaster health professionals who had worked closely with pharmacists believed they were capable of undertaking more roles in a disaster.Discussion:Pharmacists have been placed in the logistics "silo" for their role in disaster management supply chain operations. However, pharmacists have the expertise, knowledge, and skills which transcend this "silo" to work across the multiple health roles in disasters. Pharmacists are identified as a critical piece to the puzzle in the disaster management throughout the PPRR cycle. They are capable of undertaking more roles in disasters in addition to the established logistics role. The barriers identified need to be addressed for the better integration of pharmacists into disaster teams.
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Ray, Kirti, Jagadishwor Ghimire, and Rajendra Kumar BC. "Effects of Disaster on Primary Health Care in Low Income Countries." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 01 (April 28, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i01.1688.
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Primary health care is considered to be a practical approach to provide basic curative, preventive and promotive health care as an accessible medium for the people particularly in low resource income countries in an affordable way. This paper reviewed that an integrated primary health care system could reduce fundamental vulnerability of disasters; thereafter protect the health facilities and services for providing health programs. Further it focused on the increased uptake on health services to build resilience among individuals of low resource countries having high exposure to disasters. It also provides an idea on the practices adapted for gaining resilience of primary health care of low resource regions like Africa, South and South East Asia which are frequently exposed to disasters. However, this study did not focus on the health governance, pre-hospital disaster management and funding policies which are limited at present in low income countries affected by frequent disasters.Keywords: Disasters; disaster management; low income countries; primary health care; resilience.
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Keim, Mark E. "Preventing Disasters: Public Health Vulnerability Reduction as a Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.30.
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ABSTRACTGlobal warming could increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. These events are often known to result in public health disasters, but we can lessen the effects of these disasters. By addressing the factors that cause changes in climate, we can mitigate the effects of climate change. By addressing the factors that make society vulnerable to the effects of climate, we can adapt to climate change. To adapt to climate change, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction has been proposed. By reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen—and at times even prevent—their impact.Human vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that comprises social, economic, health, and cultural factors. Because public health is uniquely placed at the community level, it has the opportunity to lessen human vulnerability to climate-related disasters. At the national and international level, a supportive policy environment can enable local adaptation to disaster events. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic concept of disaster risk reduction so that it can be applied to preventing and mitigating the negative effects of climate change and to examine the role of community-focused public health as a means for lessening human vulnerability and, as a result, the overall risk of climate-related disasters.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:140–148)
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Mulam, B. R. "(A230) Emergency Medical Preparedness for Disaster Risk Reduction: The Role of Health Sector Personnel - An Overview." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s62—s63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002160.
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Efficient management of disasters has received increased attention globally. It has been realized by all countries in the world that no development is sustainable if human life is vulnerable to major Disaster risks. Disaster Preparedness and Response are the most important components of an effective Disaster Management strategy. The objective of Disaster Preparedness is to ensure that appropriate systems are in place and personnel are trained to provide immediate response to victims in the event of any Disaster. Medical response is one of the most critical, most important and of immediate requirement in any Disaster situation. The success or failure of any Disaster Management operations will depend to a great extent on the success achieved by the Medical and Health sector since most of the Deaths and illnesses caused by disasters are preventable health risks. Though Disaster Management is the responsibility of every organization and institution, the Health Sector has a key role to play, as it is the lead sector. Hence, health personnel play a very important role in reducing disaster risks. This paper briefly examines the role and responsibilities of Medical and Health personnel and provides an overview of Emergency medical preparedness for reducing disaster risks. The concept of Disaster Medicine in dealing with the public health management of Disasters and Emergency Medical Preparedness, including the Prevention, Response, Relief and Rescue operations of Health Management while addressing various issues like casualty area management and Hospital Management etc through various strategies and actions will also be discussed. The Impact of Disasters on Health and how they can be best managed to reduce the number of mortalities and morbidities resulting from Disasters will be examined. The need for ensuring Community Participation in Health Management and prevention of health risk through Immunization and vaccination, proper food & nutrition, maintenance of hygienic and sanitation, adequate system of garbage disposal, Vector control and Research and Epidemiological studies will also be discussed. Prof. Bhaskara Rao, Mulam, Specialist, Policy, Planning and Related Issues, SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC), New Delhi
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Galea, MD, DrPH, Sandro, Craig Hadley, PhD, and Sasha Rudenstine, BA. "Social context and the health consequences of disasters." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2006.0008.
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Disasters have been and will continue to be relatively common events in the human experience, and they make important contributions to variations in population health. There is a need, therefore, for conceptual models that identify the social and ecological factors influencing post-disaster consequences on population health. This article presents one such conceptual model which links the health consequences of natural, technological, and human-made disasters to a set of nested socioecological factors. Specifically, we attempt to link post-disaster consequences to aspects of the global and local environment and to highlight the roles played by social and ecological factors, including the social infrastructure, cultural beliefs, demography, and underlying historical and geographical circumstances. Examples from existing population-based health and disaster research are used to illustrate and amplify connections drawn from the model. From an applied standpoint, the model suggests that the role of multiple contextual determinants in shaping population health is likely to be complex. Practitioners interested in mitigating the consequences of disasters should pursue strategies that improve the underlying determinants of health, as well as practicable population- based interventions that could be implemented rapidly.
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Christy, J. K. "(A66) Integration of Psycho-Social Social Support and Mental Health Services in to National Disaster Management Guidelines." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000732.
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Integration of Psycho-social Social Support and Mental Health Services in to National Disaster Management Guidelines India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters and also a high risk country for disasters due to expanding population, urbanization and industrialisation, development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation and climate changes. The creation of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005, as the apex body for disaster management, has brought out a paradigm shift in the area of disaster management. One of the important mandate of NDMA is to issue National Disaster Management Guidelines (NDMG) to the ministries/ departments to assist them to formulate their respective Disaster Management (DM) plans. In this direction NDMA has issued number of NDMG on different themes to provide basis of preparation of DM plans at different levels. There are policies & guidelines on Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services (PSSMHS) in disasters at the international level in the form of Inter Agency Standing Committee guidelines (IASC) which advocates PSSMHS in disasters. In India there was no such policy which streamlines the Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters. During preparation of various National Disaster Management Guidelines, one remarkable factor noticed was the need for psycho-social care, subsequently preparation of NDMG on Medical Preparedness and Mass Causality Management brought out an overwhelming consensus to formulate a separate NDMG for PSSMHS. In order to translate the critical need for psycho-social care and support into guidelines, NDMA adopted a mission-mode approach for integrating PSSMHS in disaster response by involving participatory and multi step methodology to formulate NDMG on Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters.
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Lugova, Halyna, Ambigga Devi S. Krishnapillai, Aye Aye Mon, and Wan Farizatul Shima. "Civil-military coordination of public health response to urban disasters in Malaysia." Ukrainian Journal of Military Medicine 1, no. 2 (July 5, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46847/ujmm.2020.2(1)-035.
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Introduction. Direct and indirect impacts of disasters and emergencies on public health and health care systems, and the use of health outcomes as indicators of the effectiveness of disaster management activities highlight the importance of the role health sector plays in all phases of disaster management cycle. In Malaysia, several gaps have been identified with regards to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations, including lack of coordination between agencies, and most of the agencies focusing on the preparedness and response phases.
The purpouse of this narrative review was to obtain a broad appreciation of the extent of the research literature on the role of civil-military coordination during the disaster events in urban settings, particularly in the context of public health response to disasters and emergencies, and a broad understanding of any clear evidence which may have policy implications for KL, Malaysia.
Materials and methods. This study is a narrative review of literature on civil-military coordination of public health response to urban disasters in Malaysia. The databases that were individually searched included PubMed, PsychINFO and Pre-CINAHL. Google Scholar was also searched.
Results. The results of this study highlighted the importance of developing proactive approaches to public health and disasters as opposed to a general reactive approach. Ultimately, by establishing efficient partnership with the military as one of the key stakeholders, through civil-military coordination, an enhanced response to public health implications of disasters and emergencies can be achieved.
Conclusions. Optimizing multi-sectoral approach, interoperability and coordination of civil-military capabilities to address health-related impacts of disasters is especially important in the dense and complex urban setting of Kuala Lumpur (KL) metropolitan area.
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Dunin-Bell, Ola. "What do They Know? Guidelines and Knowledge Translation for Foreign Health Sector Workers Following Natural Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000146.
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AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of natural disasters is increasing worldwide, with countries the least well-equipped to mitigate or manage them suffering the greatest losses. Following natural disasters, ill-prepared foreign responders may become a burden to the affected population, or cause harm to those needing help.ProblemThe study was performed to determine if international guidelines for foreign workers in the health sector exist, and evidence of their implementation.MethodsA structured literature search was used to identify guidelines for foreign health workers (FHWs) responding to natural disasters. Analysis of semi-structured interviews of health sector responders to the 2015 Nepal earthquake was then performed, looking at preparation and field activities.ResultsNo guidelines were identified to address the appropriate qualifications of, and preparations for, international individuals participating in disaster response in the health sector. Interviews indicated individuals choosing to work with experienced organizations received training prior to disaster deployment and described activities in the field consistent with general humanitarian principles. Participants in an ad hoc team (AHT) did not.ConclusionsIn spite of need, there is a lack of published guidelines for potential international health sector responders to natural disasters. Learning about disaster response may occur only after joining a team.Dunin-BellO. What do they know? Guidelines and knowledge translation for foreign health sector workers following natural disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):139–146.
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Roy, Nobhojit, Purvi Thakkar, and Hemant Shah. "Developing-World Disaster Research: Present Evidence and Future Priorities." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.35.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The technology and resource-rich solutions of the developed world may not be completely applicable to or replicable in disasters occurring in the developing world. With the current looming hazards of pandemics, climate change, global terrorism and conflicts around the world, policy makers and governments will need high-quality scientific data to make informed decisions for preparedness and mitigation. The evidence on disasters in peer-reviewed journals about the developing world was examined for quality and quantity in this systematic review.Methods: PubMed was searched using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms disasters, disaster medicine, rescue work, relief work, and conflict and then refined using the MeSH term developing country. The final list of selected manuscripts were analyzed by type of article, level of evidence, theme of the manuscript and topic, author affiliation, and region of the study.Results: After searching and refining, <1% of the citations in PubMed addressed disasters in developing countries. The majority was original research articles or reviews, and most of the original research articles were level IV or V evidence. Less than 25% of the authors were from the developing world. The predominant themes were missions, health care provision, and humanitarian aid during the acute phase of disasters in the developing world.Conclusions: Considering that 85% of disasters and 95% of disaster-related deaths occur in the developing world, the overwhelming number of casualties has contributed insignificantly to the world's peer-reviewed literature. Less than 1% of all disaster-related publications are about disasters in the developing world. This may be a publication bias, or it may be a genuine lack of submissions dealing with these disasters. Authors in this part of the world need to contribute to future disaster research through better-quality systematic research and better funding priorities. Aid for sustaining long-term disaster research may be a more useful investment in mitigating future disasters than short-term humanitarian aid missions to the developing world.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:112–116)
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Cheung, E. Y. L., E. Y. Y. Chan, H. P. Lam, C. L. Y. Lin, and P. P. Y. Lee. "(A295) Post Disaster Mental Health among Ethnic Minorities in Rural China: Results from Qualitative Studies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s82—s83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002792.
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BackgroundChina has one of the countries with highest occurrence of disasters and disasters are disproportionately affecting rural area of China where ethnic minorities are inhibiting. Limited studies have been conducted to examine how mental health of ethnic minorities in China might be affected by disasters. Through qualitative focus group study methods, this multi-site project examines the mental health impact of disasters in ethnic minority groups in rural China.Methods20 focus groups were conducted in rural Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Hainan province of China to understand the mental health impact and coping of disasters during 2008–2010. Ethnic minority groups including Tai, Naxi, Li, Jiang and Hui affected by earthquake, flooding, mudslide, storm and snow storm were included for the focus group interviews. Guided questions were used and male and female participants participated separately in different groups. Focus groups were held at common area within the village and were all type recorded and transcribed for analyses. Saturation of data was reached and thematic analyses were conducted.ResultsWhilst distress, including mood disturbance, sleep problems and heightened arousal after disaster occurrences, were reported among respondents, when compared with Han Chinese affected in disasters, ethnic minority respondents reported more resilience and coping capacity post disaster. Gender impact and gaps in mental health service were identified.ConclusionStudy results disparities in resilience and coping behavior among different ethnic groups in China. More in-depth studies should be conducted to understand post disaster mental health needs and service utilization of ethnic minorities in China.
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Tierney, Kathleen J. "Controversy and Consensus in Disaster Mental Health Research." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025292.
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AbstractControversies regarding the mental health consequences of disasters are rooted both in disciplinary orientations and in the widely varied research strategies that have been employed in disaster mental health studies. However, despite a history of dissensus, there are also key issues on which researchers agree. Disasters constitute stressful and traumatic experiences. However, vulnerability to such experiences, as well as to more chronic Stressors, is socially structured, reflecting the influence of socio-economic status and other axes of stratification, including gender, race, and ethnicity. Disaster events differ in the extent to which they generate stress for victims. A holistic perspective on disaster mental health would take into account not only disaster event characteristics, but also social-systemic sources of both acute and chronic stress, secondary and cumulative Stressors, and victims internal and external coping capacities.
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Titko, Michal, Jozef Ristvej, and Zenon Zamiar. "Population Preparedness for Disasters and Extreme Weather Events as a Predictor of Building a Resilient Society: The Slovak Republic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052311.
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The current increase and severity of the natural disasters whose effects on the public health are likely to be even more extreme and complex, requires enhancing and developing the disaster preparedness on the population level. In order to be able to do so, it is inevitable and determinative to know the factors that affect people’s preparedness on the population level. Therefore, the objective of this article is to present the results from assessing the factors related to the population preparedness for the disasters on a sample of citizens living from the Slovak Republic. Our research is based on the exploration of the questionnaire survey’ results aimed at investigating the preparedness and preventive proactive behaviour of the population against the disasters. The search for the initiators of such a behaviour and assessment of the influence of various aspects (e.g., the respondents’ experience with disasters, their vulnerability to disasters, the risk awareness, the perception of the disaster risks in the changing environment, etc.) on the respondents’ behaviour against disasters is the main part of the article and is supported by the statistical analysis. The results of the survey suggest that the disaster risk awareness and overall disaster preparedness level is rather poor and the population is inactive. The proactive behaviour of the respondents against the disasters is partially affected by some of their personality and socio-economic characteristics, especially the younger respondents currently incline more to adopting the protective measures. In addition, other aspects, e.g., the negative experience with the disasters in the past influence the preparedness. However, the impacts must have been relatively serious for the proactive behaviour to be influenced. The influences of other aspects as well as the possible methods for improving the disaster preparedness and the possibilities of increasing the resilience of the population as a whole are also discussed in this article.
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Hugelius, Karin, Mike Adams, and Eila Romo-Murphy. "The Power of Radio to Promote Health and Resilience in Natural Disasters: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142526.
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Humanitarian radio has been used in humanitarian aid efforts and after natural disasters over the last 15 years. However, the effects have barely been evaluated, and there are few scientific reports on the impact of radio as a disaster health response intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the use and impact of humanitarian radio in natural disasters from a health perspective. A literature review of 13 scientific papers and grey literature resources was conducted. The results show that humanitarian radio could be used to promote both physical and psychosocial wellbeing by providing health-related information, advice and psychosocial support in natural disasters. Community resilience can be enhanced by the promotion of community engagement and can strengthen self-efficacy and community efficacy. Radio also has the potential to cost-effectively reach a large number of affected people in areas with severely damaged infrastructure. Radio could, therefore, contribute to health recovery and wellbeing from both individual and community perspectives. As such, health professionals; crises communication professionals, including radio journalists; and disaster-managing stakeholders should be prepared and trained to use humanitarian radio as an integrated part of the disaster health response in natural disasters.
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Gionis, MD, JD, LLM, MBA, MHA, FCLM, Thomas A., Cyril Wecht, MD, JD, FCLM, and Lewis W. Marshall, Jr., MS, MD, JD, FAAEP. "Public health law and disaster medicine: Understanding the legal environment." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2007.0013.
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Disaster medicine specialists, policy makers, and the public often feel frustrated when they encounter the complex legal framework that surrounds public health emergencies and disasters. Such a framework is particularly difficult to understand when one considers that the federal government has no express powers over public health or disaster management. In fact, under the US Constitution, the states, rather than the federal government, possess public health governance. Although public health sovereignty formally resides within the states, and notwithstanding the federal government’s lack of express constitutional powers over public health crises and disaster management, the federal government has gradually taken on a greater leadership role in managing public health emergencies. In order to clarify the state and federal responsibilities surrounding public health emergencies and disasters, this article explores necessary and pertinent legal topics. These topics include public health duties, public health disasters, state sovereignty, governmental coercion, de facto constitutional empowerment, separation of powers, limited powers, federalism, state police powers, general and federal declarations of emergencies, the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act (MSEHPA), and public health and national security.
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Al-Hunaishi, Weiam, Victor CW Hoe, and Karuthan Chinna. "Factors associated with healthcare workers willingness to participate in disasters: a cross-sectional study in Sana’a, Yemen." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e030547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030547.
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ObjectivesWillingness to participate in disasters is usually overlooked and not addressed in disaster preparedness training courses to ensure health service coverage. This will lead to issues during the disaster’s response. This study, therefore, aims to assess healthcare workers willingness to participate in biological and natural disasters, and to identify its associated factors.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 1093 healthcare workers. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression with significance level p<0.05. Ethical clearance and consent of the participants were duly obtained.SettingIn three public hospitals that provide tertiary-level healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen.ParticipantsThere were 692 nurses and doctors (response rate 63.3%) completed the questionnaires.ResultsAlmost half of the participants 55.1% were nurses and 44.9% were doctors. The study found that self-efficacy was associated with willingness to participate in disaster response for any type of disasters (OR 1.319, 95% CI 1.197 to 1.453), natural disasters (OR 1.143, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.221) and influenza pandemic (OR 1.114, 95% CI 1.050 to 1.182). The results further show that willingness is associated with healthcare workers being young, male and having higher educational qualifications.ConclusionSelf-efficacy has been found to be an important factor associated with willingness. Improving self-efficacy through training in disaster preparedness may increase willingness of healthcare workers to participate in a disaster.
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Joseph, J., and S. Jaswal. "(A11) Beyond Illness and Trauma: A Study of the Interface between Disaster Mental Health and Recovery." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s2—s3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000240.
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Today there is adequate research evidence at national and international level regarding the health and mental health consequences of disasters. The realization of the larger impact of mental health on the recovery process has been instrumental in prioritizing mental health and psychosocial well-being of affected populations in recent years. Traditionally the bio medical models were used to understand the disaster mental health outcomes, however over the last two decade a gradual change is visible in the understanding of the mental health and psychosocial consequences of disasters. It is more inclusive of varied expressions of distress and the services to address the same. A review of various disaster mental health research and interventions documented since 2001 reveals that most studies/interventions attempt to list the various mental health problems and psychosocial consequences. There are very few studies which go beyond listing of consequences, to focus on implications of disaster mental health for long term disaster recovery. There is dearth of research based literature on the concept of community trauma, factors contributing to negative emotions and emotional distress/ problems, community response (social and cultural) to disaster mental health issues, long term emotional implications of psychosocial consequences of disasters and the life course of individuals with mental health issues in the long run following disasters. The paper attempts to address the above mentioned issues in the context of 2004 tsunami. The paper is based on a study carried out in India two years after the disaster. A Case study approach was used and 177 case studies were collected from 104 villages in 14 affected districts of three states in India. The paper contributes to understanding the long term implications of disaster mental health for disaster recovery and reiterates the significance of integrating disaster mental health services within humanitarian services.
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O'donnell, Meaghan L., and David Forbes. "Natural disaster, older adults, and mental health–a dangerous combination." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215001891.
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Natural disasters by their very nature occur suddenly and have the potential to cause great harm at an individual, family, community, and societal level. They occur frequently, and with the escalation in extreme events related to climate change, the frequency, and severity of natural disasters will only increase (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2014). Globally, a growing number of people are being exposed to natural disaster; however, the vulnerability to exposure is not equally shared. Those who are socially, physically, economically, culturally, politically, institutionally, or otherwise disadvantaged are especially vulnerable to experiencing natural disaster.
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Alruwaili, Abdullah, Shahidul Islam, and Kim Usher. "Disaster Preparedness in Hospitals in the Middle East: An Integrative Literature Review." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2019): 806–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.138.
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ABSTRACTDisasters occur rarely but have significant adverse consequences when they do. Recent statistics suggest that millions of lives and billions of US dollars have been lost in the last decade due to disaster events globally. It is crucial that hospitals are well prepared for disasters to minimize their effects. This integrative review study evaluates the preparedness level of hospitals in the Middle East for disasters using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key terms include disaster preparedness OR disaster management OR emergency response AND Middle East AND hospitals. The study reviews articles published between January 2005 and December 2015, which focused on the hospitals’ preparedness for disasters in the Middle East nations. Based on their meeting 5 eligibility criteria, 19 articles were included in the review. Twelve of the articles focused on both natural and man-made disasters, whereas 6 of them were based on mass casualty events and 1 on earthquake. Thirteen of the reviewed articles ranked the level of preparedness of hospitals for disasters to be generally “very poor,” “poor,” or “moderate,” whereas 6 reported that hospitals were “well” or “very well prepared” for disasters. Factors affecting preparedness level were identified as a lack of contingency plans and insufficient availability of resources, among others. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:806–816).
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Sandoval, Vicente, Claudia Gonzalez-Muzzio, Carlos Villalobos, Juan Pablo Sarmiento, and Gabriela Hoberman. "Assessing disaster capitalism in post-disaster processes in Chile: neoliberal reforms and the role of the corporate class." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (July 13, 2020): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0005.
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PurposeThis paper examines disaster capitalism in Chile, that is, the relationships between disasters and neoliberalism. It looks at two post-disaster dimensions: disasters as windows of opportunity to introduce political reforms and disasters as occasions for the corporate class to capitalize on such disasters.Design/methodology/approachTwo indices, disaster capitalism (DC) and post-disaster private involvement (PDPI), are proposed for cross-case analysis. They are based on legal records, institutional reports and economic data. The DC assesses the introduction of reforms following disasters, while PDPI evaluates the share of public-private funding used for recovery. Both indices are applied here to two disasters in Chile: the 2010 Maule earthquake, and the 2008 Chaitén volcanic eruption.FindingsResults show that the highly neoliberal Chilean context leaves limited space for new neoliberal reforms. Although recovery is implemented predominantly through the private sector, the state still assumes greater responsibility for recovery costs. Results also detect poor levels of participation from the private sector in accounting their efforts and making them publicly available. Likewise, the research suggests that neoliberal reforms become more likely after disasters. However, the preexisting politico-economic context matters. Finally, there is clearly a need for data systematization in post-disaster recovery.Originality/valueIn the Chilean context, the indices proved beneficial as a strategy for data collection and a method for scrutinizing the implications of neoliberal policy implemented in the wake of disasters, as well as in evaluating the role of the corporate class during recovery.
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Firdausi, Nobella, Fatma Lestari, and Avinia Ismiyati. "Disaster Preparedness Analysis of Public Health Centers in DKI Jakarta Province in 2020." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110110.
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This study describes the disaster preparedness level of public health centers in DKI Jakarta Province to deal with disasters. The study for this mini-thesis used a mixed method approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews by referring to the guideline in the PAHO: Evaluation of small & medium-sized health facilities series 4. Variables studied were disaster potentials, structural safety, non-structural safety, and functional aspects that were then synthesized to determine the disaster preparedness level of the public health center, which is referred to as Puskesmas in Indonesian. Results showed that the preparedness scores were 0.65 and 0.6 for Puskesmas X and Puskesmas Y, respectively. This means that both public health centers are in the preparedness level B, requiring both public health centers to do interventions in the near future because they still have risks when facing disasters. The score for structural safety of both public health centers was 0.77, or classified as “a”. This reflects the adequacy of the structural safety of both public health centers to face disasters. The non-structural safety scores for Puskesmas X and Puskesmas Y were 0.65 and 0.63, respectively, which were interpreted as “b” classification. This shows that both public health centers still have risks in terms of their non-structural aspect when dealing with disasters. The scores for the functional aspect of Puskesmas X was 0.53, while Puskesmas Y presented a score of 0.39. Hence, the functional aspect of the two public health centers was in “b” classification, meaning that both public health centers still have risks in terms of their functional aspect when dealing with disasters. Therefore, both public health centers must continue to improve the disaster preparedness level of their facilities in terms of their structural, non-structural, and functional safety aspects.
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Anzur, Terry. "How to Talk To the Media: Televised Coverage of Public Health Issues in a Disaster." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025310.
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AbstractPublic health officials often are critical of the way television news covers disasters, while broadcast journalists complain of a lack of cooperation from the public health sector during disaster coverage. This article summarizes the issues discussed in a session on Televised Coverage of Disasters, presented in April 1999 at the UCLA Conference on Public Health and Disasters in Los Angeles. Public health officials were asked to “talk back to their television sets” in a dialog with television journalists. Concerns included: 1) the lack of balance in television coverage that is dominated by sensational images that may frighten rather than inform the public; 2) the potential for psychological damage to viewers when frightening images are shown repeatedly in the days and weeks of the disaster; and 3) the perception that TV reporters place too much emphasis on crime, property damage, and loss of life, giving relatively low priority to disaster preparedness and to public health issues in the aftermath of a disaster. Options for improving communication between television journalists and public health professionals also are discussed.
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McFarlane, A. C., and Richard Williams. "Mental Health Services Required after Disasters: Learning from the Lasting Effects of Disasters." Depression Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/970194.
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Disasters test civil administrations’ and health services’ capacity to act in a flexible but well-coordinated manner because each disaster is unique and poses unusual challenges. The health services required differ markedly according to the nature of the disaster and the geographical spread of those affected. Epidemiology has shown that services need to be equipped to deal with major depressive disorder and grief, not just posttraumatic stress disorder, and not only for victims of the disaster itself but also the emergency service workers. The challenge is for specialist advisers to respect and understand the existing health care and support networks of those affected while also recognizing their limitations. In the initial aftermath of these events, a great deal of effort goes into the development of early support systems but the longer term needs of these populations are often underestimated. These services need to be structured, taking into account the pre-existing psychiatric morbidity within the community. Disasters are an opportunity for improving services for patients with posttraumatic psychopathology in general but can later be utilized for improving services for victims of more common traumas in modern society, such as accidents and interpersonal violence.
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Chang, L., and S. M. Briggs. "(A105) A Core Curriculum for Nurses in Disaster Preparedness and Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001075.
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BackgroundNurses play an essential role in disaster response. All health care responders, including nurses, must have knowledge of the key principles of disaster medicine. The International Trauma and Disaster Institute (ITDI) at Massachusetts General Hospital has developed a core curriculum for Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) management. The curriculum provides all members of the multidisciplinary disaster team with the fundamentals of the MCI response. The proposed concurrent session will report on understanding of the fundamental knowledge in disaster medicine and preparedness for nurses in local and international disaster responses.Discussion and ObservationsDisasters follow no rules. Traditionally, medical providers have held the erroneous belief that all disasters are different, especially those involving terrorism. In reality, all disasters, regardless of etiology, have similar medical and public health consequences. A consistent medical approach to disasters, based on an understanding of their common features and the response they require, is becoming the accepted practice throughout the world. This strategy, called the MCI response, has the primary objective of reducing the mortality/morbidity caused by the disaster. The Advanced Disaster Medical Response (ADMR) Course, available in eight languages, including Chinese, is designed to train nurses in the ABC's of basic medical and public health disaster care. The delivery of optimal care in a disaster relies on a common understanding of each health professional's role and common mastery of defined essentials of disaster response such as the Incident Command System, field triage, decontamination, care of specific injuries, environmental considerations, psychological response to disasters, and care of the dead and their families. Understanding key principles and training in medical disaster response will guide nurses in disaster preparedness and response to future disasters.
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Birnbaum, Marvin L., Elaine K. Daily, and Ann P. O’Rourke. "Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part III: Framework for the Temporal Phases of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 6 (November 11, 2015): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005336.
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AbstractEach of the elements described in the Conceptual Framework for disasters has a temporal designation; each has a beginning and end time. The Temporal Framework defines these elements as phases that are based on characteristics rather than on absolute times. The six temporal phases include the: (1) Pre-event; (2) Event; (3) Structural Damage; (4) Functional Damage (changes in levels of functions of the Societal Systems); (5) Relief; and (6) Recovery phases. Development is not a phase of a disaster. The use of the Temporal Framework in studying and reporting disasters allows comparisons to be made between similar phases of different disasters, regardless of the hazard involved and/or the community impacted. For research and evaluation purposes, assessments, plans, and interventions must be described in relation to the appropriate temporal phase.BirnbaumML, DailyEK, O’RourkeAP. Research and evaluations of the health aspects of disasters, part III: framework for the temporal phases of disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):628–632.
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Bell, Sue Anne, and Lisa A. Folkerth. "Women’s Mental Health and Intimate Partner Violence Following Natural Disaster: A Scoping Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000911.
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AbstractIntroductionSurvivors of natural disasters in the United States experience significant health ramifications. Women particularly are vulnerable to both post-disaster posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and research has documented that these psychopathological sequelae often are correlated with increased incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV). Understanding the link between these health concerns is crucial to informing adequate disaster response and relief efforts for victims of natural disaster.PurposeThe purpose of this review was to report the results of a scoping review on the specific mental health effects that commonly impact women following natural disasters, and to develop a conceptual framework with which to guide future research.MethodsA scoping review of mental and physical health effects experienced by women following natural disasters in the United States was conducted. Articles from 2000-2015 were included. Databases examined were PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane, JSTOR, Web of Science, and databases available through ProQuest, including ProQuest Research Library.ResultsA total of 58 articles were selected for inclusion, out of an original 149 that were selected for full-text review. Forty-eight articles, or 82.8%, focused on mental health outcomes. Ten articles, or 17.2%, focused on IPV.DiscussionCertain mental health outcomes, including PTSD, depression, and other significant mental health concerns, were recurrent issues for women post-disaster. Despite the strong correlation between experience of mental health consequences after disaster and increased risk of domestic violence, studies on the risk and mediating factors are rare. The specific challenges faced by women and the interrelation between negative mental health outcomes and heightened exposure to IPV following disasters require a solid evidence base in order to facilitate the development of effective interventions. Additional research informed by theory on probable health impacts is necessary to improve development/implementation of emergency relief policy.BellSA, FolkerthLA. Women’s mental health and intimate partner violence following natural disaster: a scoping review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):648–657.
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Yamori, Katsuya, and James D. Goltz. "Disasters without Borders: The Coronavirus Pandemic, Global Climate Change and the Ascendancy of Gradual Onset Disasters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063299.
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Throughout much of its history, the sociological study of human communities in disaster has been based on events that occur rapidly, are limited in geographic scope, and their management understood as phased stages of response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness. More recent literature has questioned these concepts, arguing that gradual-onset phenomena like droughts, famines and epidemics merit consideration as disasters and that their exclusion has negative consequences for the communities impacted, public policy in terms of urgency and visibility and for the discipline itself as the analytical tools of sociological research are not brought to bear on these events. We agree that gradual-onset disasters merit greater attention from social scientists and in this paper have addressed the two most significant ongoing disasters that are gradual in onset, global in scope and have caused profound impacts on lives, livelihoods, communities and the governments that must cope with their effects. These disasters are the coronavirus pandemic and global climate change both of which include dimensions that challenge the prevailing definition of disaster. We begin with an examination of the foundational work in the sociological study of a disaster that established a conceptual framework based solely on rapidly occurring disasters. Our focus is on several components of the existing framework for defining and studying disasters, which we term “borders.” These borders are temporal, spatial, phasing and positioning, which, in our view, must be reexamined, and to some degree expanded or redefined to accommodate the full range of disasters to which our globalized world is vulnerable. To do so will expand or redefine these borders to incorporate and promote an understanding of significant risks associated with disaster agents that are gradual and potentially catastrophic, global in scope and require international cooperation to manage.
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Khatri, Jyoti, Gerard Fitzgerald, and Meen B. Poudyal Chhetri. "Health Risks in Disaster Responders: A Conceptual Framework." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 02 (April 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000141.
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Introduction:Disasters cause severe disruption to socio-economic, infrastructural, and environmental aspects of community and nation. While the impact of disasters is strongly felt by those directly affected, they also have significant impacts on the mental and physical health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers. Variations in the nature and scale of disasters necessitate different approaches to risk management and hazard reduction during the response and recovery phases.Method:Published articles (2010-2017) on the quantitative and quantitative relationship between disasters and the physical and mental health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers were systematically collected and reviewed. A total of 162 relevant studies were identified. Physical injuries and mental health impacts were categorized into immediate, short-term, and chronic conditions. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to explore the health risks and injuries encountered by disaster relief workers and volunteers, and to identify the factors contributing to these and relating mitigation strategies.Results:There were relatively few studies into this issue. However, the majority of the scrutinized articles highlighted the dependence of nature and scope of injuries with the disaster type and the types of responders, while the living and working environment and socio-economic standing also had significant influence on health outcomes.Conclusion:A conceptual framework derived from the literature review clearly illustrated several critical elements that directly or indirectly cause damage to physical and mental health of disaster responders. Pre-disaster and post-disaster risk mitigation approaches may be employed to reduce the vulnerability of both volunteers and workers while understanding the identified stressors and their relationships.Khatri KC J, Fitzgerald G, Poudyal Chhetri MB. Health risks in disaster responders: a conceptual framework. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):209–216
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Bahadori, Mohammadkarim, Hamid Reza Khankeh, Rouhollah Zaboli, Ramin Ravangard, and Isa Malmir. "Barriers to and Facilitators of Inter-Organizational Coordination in Response to Disasters: A Grounded Theory Approach." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 3 (October 11, 2016): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.131.
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AbstractObjectiveCoordination is a major challenge in the field of health in disasters, mostly because of the complex nature of health-related activities.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach. A total of 22 experts in the field of health in disasters participated in the study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and literature review. The collected data were then analyzed by use of MAXQDA 2010 software (VERBI Software GmbH).ResultsThe lack of a strategic view in the field of health in disasters, a lack of coordination of necessities and infrastructures, insufficient enforcement, a higher priority given to an organizational approach rather than a national approach, and the field of disasters not being a priority in the health system were noted as barriers to inter-organizational coordination. The facilitators of inter-organizational coordination noted were the importance of public participation in the field of health in disasters, having a process and systematic view in the field of health in disasters, the necessity of understanding and managing resources and information in the field of health in disasters, and having a feedback and evaluation system in the health system after disasters.ConclusionIt is recommended that developing common beliefs and goals be given priority in making plans and policies in the field of health in disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:318–325)
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Kuntjoro, Istianto, Mora Claramita, and Wahyudi Istiono. "Evaluation of Community Based Disaster Preparedness Training for UGM Health Study Program Students in 2016." Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer) 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.44469.
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Background: Disasters are events that destroy infrastructure, take casualties, disrupt life and systems, damage social order, health, and security, and occur on a global scale. Various places in the world began to include disaster management in their doctors' education curricula, including Indonesia, which is geologically located in areas with high potential for disasters, which have the potential to be continually harmed by disasters that always occur.Objective: To see whether the disaster management training in UGM semester 7 study program students have properly increased the students' knowledge and attitude towards disaster.Method: Quantitative research design and using Quasi-experimental method, without control, with pre-test and post-test instruments. The population of this study was students of medical education study programs, nutrition study program students, and nursing study students, with a sample of 175 students. The independent variable measured is community-based disaster management training. Collecting research data using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire after that was analyzed by a paired T-test.Results: There was an increase in the score of knowledge and attitudes about disaster after receiving training, but the achievement of the mean value of each question was still close to the median. The highest increase in scores achieved in each study program is a value of 6.Conclusion: There was an increase in knowledge about disasters and disaster preparedness attitudes in 2016 health study program students who attended Disaster Preparedness training.