Journal articles: 'Health facilities – Ethiopia'

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Deribew, Amare, Tariku Dejene, Atkure Defar, Della Berhanu, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Ephrem Tekle, Kassahun Asheber, and Kebede Deribe. "Health system capacity for tuberculosis care in Ethiopia: evidence from national representative survey." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa024.

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Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the tuberculosis (TB) health system capacity and its variations by location and types of health facilities in Ethiopia. Design We used the Service Provision Assessment plus (SPA+) survey data that were collected in 2014 in all hospitals and randomly selected health centers and private facilities in all regions of Ethiopia. We assessed structural, process and overall health system capacity based on the Donabedian quality of care model. Multiple linear regression and spatial analysis were done to assess TB capacity score variation across regions. Setting The study included 873 public and private health facilities all over Ethiopia. Participants None. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) None. Results A total of 873 health facilities were included in the analysis. The overall TB care capacity score was 76.7%, 55.9% and 37.8% in public hospitals, health centers and private facilities, respectively. The health system capacity score for TB was higher in the urban (60.4%) facilities compared to that of the rural (50.0%) facilities (β = 8.0, 95% CI: 4.4, 11.6). Health centers (β = −16.2, 95% CI: −20.0, −12.3) and private health facilities (β = −38.3, 95% CI: −42.4, −35.1) had lower TB care capacity score than hospitals. Overall TB care capacity score were lower in Western and Southwestern Ethiopia and in Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella regions. Conclusions The health system capacity score for TB care in Ethiopia varied across regions. Health system capacity improvement interventions should focus on the private sectors and health facilities in the rural and remote areas to ensure equity and improve quality of care.

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Abreha, Tesfay, Bereket Alemayehu, Yehualashet Tadesse, Sintayehu Gebresillassie, Abebe Tadesse, Leykun Demeke, Fanuel Zewde, et al. "Malaria diagnostic capacity in health facilities in Ethiopia." Malaria Journal 13, no. 1 (2014): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-292.

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Arsenault, Catherine, Bereket Yakob, Munir Kassa, Girmaye Dinsa, and Stéphane Verguet. "Using health management information system data: case study and verification of institutional deliveries in Ethiopia." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 8 (August 2021): e006216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006216.

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Health management information systems (HMIS) are a crucial source of timely health statistics and have the potential to improve reporting in low-income countries. However, concerns about data quality have hampered their widespread adoption in research and policy decisions. This article presents results from a data verification study undertaken to gain insights into the quality of HMIS data in Ethiopia. We also provide recommendations for working with HMIS data for research and policy translation. We linked the HMIS to the 2016 Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care Assessment, a national census of all health facilities that provided maternal and newborn health services in Ethiopia. We compared the number of visits for deliveries and caesarean sections (C-sections) reported in the HMIS in 2015 (January–December) to those found in source documents (paper-based labour and delivery and operating theatre registers) in 2425 facilities across Ethiopia. We found that two-thirds of facilities had ‘good’ HMIS reporting for deliveries (defined as reporting within 10% of source documents) and half had ‘very good’ reporting (within 5% of source documents). Results were similar for reporting on C-section deliveries. We found that good reporting was more common in urban areas (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.59), public facilities (OR: 2.95, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.29) and in hospitals compared with health centres (OR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.61). Facilities in the Somali and Afar regions had the lowest odds of good reporting compared with Addis Ababa and were more likely to over-report deliveries in the HMIS. Further work remains to address remaining discrepancies in the Ethiopian HMIS. Nonetheless, our findings corroborate previous data verification exercises in Ethiopia and support greater use and uptake of HMIS data for research and policy decisions (particularly, greater use of HMIS data elements (eg, absolute number of services provided each month) rather than coverage indicators). Increased use of these data, combined with feedback mechanisms, is necessary to maintain data quality.

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Derso, Sisay, Girum Taye, Theodros Getachew, Atkure Defar, Habtamu Teklie, Kassahun Amenu, Terefe Gelibo, and Abebe Bekele. "Biomedical waste disposal systems of health facilities in Ethiopia." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ehem.2018.05.

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Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Mohammad Afzal Mahmood, Judith Streak Gomersall, Yibeltal Assefa, Theodros Getachew Zemedu, Mengistu Kifle, and Caroline O. Laurence. "Structural Quality of Services and Use of Family Planning Services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia. How Do Public and Private Facilities Compare?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124201.

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Background: Family planning (FP) is among the important interventions that reduce maternal mortality. Poor quality FP service is associated with lower services utilisation, in turn undermining the efforts to address maternal mortality. There is currently little research on the quality of FP services in the private sector in Ethiopia, and how it compares to FP services in public facilities. Methods: A secondary data analysis of two national surveys, Ethiopia Services Provision Assessment Plus Survey 2014 and Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016, was conducted. Data from 1094 (139 private, 955 public) health facilities were analysed. In total, 3696 women were included in the comparison of users’ characteristics. Logistic regression was conducted. Facility type (public vs. private) was the key exposure of interest. Results: The private facilities were less likely to have implants (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.06; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03, 0.12), trained FP providers (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.41) and FP guidelines/protocols (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.54) than public facilities but were more likely to have functional cell phones (AOR = 8.20; 95% CI: 4.95, 13.59) and water supply (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 1.72, 6.59). Conclusion: This study highlights the need for strengthening both private and public facilities for public–private partnerships to contribute to increased FP use and better health outcomes.

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Mekonnen, Yibeltal, Charlotte Hanlon, Solomon Emyu, Ruth Vania Cornick, Lara Fairall, Daniel Gebremichael, Telahun Teka, et al. "Using a mentorship model to localise the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK): from South Africa to Ethiopia." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 5 (November 2018): e001108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001108.

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The Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, recognised the potential of the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) programme to promote integrated, comprehensive and evidence-informed primary care as a means to achieving universal health coverage. Localisation of the PACK guide to become the ‘Ethiopian Primary Health Care Clinical Guidelines’ (PHCG) was spearheaded by a core team of Ethiopian policy and technical experts, mentored by the Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town. A research collaboration, ASSET (heAlth Systems StrEngThening in sub-Saharan Africa), has brought together policy-makers from the Ministry of Health and health systems researchers from Ethiopia (Addis Ababa University) and overseas partners for the PACK localisation process, and will develop, implement and evaluate health systems strengthening interventions needed for a successful scale-up of the Ethiopian PHCG. Localisation of PACK for Ethiopia included expanding the guide to include a wider range of infectious diseases and an expanded age range (from 5 to 15 years). Early feedback from front-line primary healthcare (PHC) workers is positive: the guide gives them greater confidence and is easy to understand and use. A training cascade has been initiated, with a view to implementing in 400 PHC facilities in phase 1, followed by scale-up to all 3724 health centres in Ethiopia during 2019. Monitoring and evaluation of the Ministry of Health implementation at scale will be complemented by indepth evaluation by ASSET in demonstration districts. Anticipated challenges include availability of essential medications and laboratory investigations and the need for additional training and supervisory support to deliver care for non-communicable diseases and mental health. The strong leadership from the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia combined with a productive collaboration with health systems research partners can help to ensure that Ethiopian PHCG achieves standardisation of clinical practice at the primary care level and quality healthcare for all.

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Ayele, Brhane, Mulugeta Woldu, Haftom Gebrehiwot, Tsegay Wellay, Tsegay Hadgu, Hailay Gebretnsae, Alemnesh Abrha, Equbay Gebre-egziabher, and Sarah Hurlburt. "Do mothers who delivered at health facilities return to health facilities for postnatal care follow-up? A multilevel analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): e0249793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249793.

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Introduction Returning to health facility for postnatal care (PNC) use after giving birth at health facility could reflect the health seeking behavior of mothers. However, such studies are rare though they are critically important to develop vigorous strategies to improve PNC service utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with returning to health facilities for PNC among mothers who delivered in Ethiopian health facilities after they were discharged. Methods This cross-sectional study used 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 2405mothers who gave birth in a health facility were included in this study. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted to estimate both independent (fixed) effects of the explanatory variables and community-level (random) effects on return for PNC utilization. Variable with p-value of ≤ 0.25 from unadjusted multilevel logistic regression were selected to develop three models and p-value of ≤0.05 was used to declare significance of the explanatory variables on the outcome variable in the final (adjusted) model. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics version 21. Result In this analysis, from the total 2405 participants, 14.3% ((95%CI: 12.1–16.8), (n = 344)) of them returned to health facilities for PNC use after they gave birth at a health facility. From the multilevel logistic regression analysis, being employed (AOR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04–2.19), receiving eight and above antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.05–8.00), caesarean section delivery (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.40–4.58) and rural residence (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.36–0.88) were found significantly associated with return to health facilities for PNC use among women who gave birth at health facility. Conclusion Facility-based PNC utilization among mothers who delivered at health facilities is low in Ethiopia. Both individual and community level variables were determined women to return to health facilities for PNC use. Thus, adopting context-specific strategies/policies could improve PNC utilization and should be paid a due focus.

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Addissie, Adamu, Gabriele Braun, Tamiru Demeke, Tariku Wakuma, Claudia Hanson, and Eva Kantelhardt. "Breast Health Global Initiative Recommended Breast Cancer Prevention and Care in Rural Ethiopia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 1s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.99800.

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Purpose Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer death among women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Availability of both basic and comprehensive services in all frontline health care facilities is important for cancer control. Whereas women are equally affected in both urban and rural settings, most services are present in urban areas. We assessed health system readiness for breast cancer prevention and treatment in selected hospitals in Western Ethiopia. Methods A total of seven rural hospitals in Western Ethiopia were assessed for availability of comprehensive breast cancer services. A checklist prepared on the basis of breast care prevention and control standards for low-resource settings—recommended by the 2007 Global Summit of Breast Health Global Initiative—was used for the assessment. Data were descriptively analyzed and discussed. Results Whereas cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan countries, there is currently no competent health system available that is adequately equipped to meet this challenge. In Ethiopia, the majority of systemic oncologic treatment is administered at the Addis Ababa University Hospital in the capital city, and the majority of patients are referred to this center, which, for the average patient, is more than 500 km away. There are relatively large numbers of health professionals in health facilities in Western Ethiopia, but a critical absence of pathologists and oncologists. Basic diagnostic services, such as ultrasonography and X-ray, were found to be available in most hospitals; however, there were major gaps in cytologic and pathologic services. The nearest referral centers for pathology and additional breast cancer treatment required travelling significant distances; there were no systemic breast cancer treatment and palliative services available in Western Ethiopia. Conclusion Our study revealed that all health facilities lack a comprehensive package of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment services. The lack of implemented comprehensive breast care prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and referral services is representative of most other rural settings in Ethiopia. This calls for a nationally coordinated effort in defining and implementing breast cancer prevention and control standards to realize the national cancer control plan. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Eva Kantelhardt Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Daiichi Sankyo Oncology Europe

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Croke, Kevin, Andualem Telaye Mengistu, Stephen D. O'Connell, and Kibrom Tafere. "The impact of a health facility construction campaign on health service utilisation and outcomes: analysis of spatially linked survey and facility location data in Ethiopia." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 8 (August 2020): e002430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002430.

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BackgroundAccess to health facilities in many low-income and middle-income countries remains low, with a strong association between individuals’ distance to facilities and health outcomes. Yet plausibly causal estimates of the effects of facility construction programmes are rare. Starting in 2004, more than 2800 government health facilities were built in Ethiopia. This study estimates the impact of this programme on maternal health service utilisation and birth outcomes.MethodsWe analyse the impact of Ethiopia’s health centre construction programme on health service utilisation and outcomes, using a difference-in-difference design. We match facility opening years to child birth years in four rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) using georeferenced data. We also use event study models to test for pre-trends in the outcomes of interest.ResultsOpening of new health facilities within 5 km increases facility delivery by 7.2 percentage points (95% CI 5.2 to 9.1) and antenatal care by 0.38 visits (95% CI 0.24 to 0.52). It is not significantly associated with changes in caesarean section births or neonatal mortality. Opening of district hospitals increases facility delivery by 18.2 percentage points (95% CI 12.7 to 23.7), and caesarean section births by 6.8 percentage points (95% CI 2.5 to 11.2), but is not associated with reduction of neonatal mortality.ConclusionsEthiopia’s facility construction program improved access to antenatal and delivery care. However, there was no detectable association between facility construction and neonatal mortality. Increased access to care must be combined with health system quality improvements and broader social development initiatives to sustainably improve health outcomes.

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Tesfaye, G., and L. Oljira. "Post Abortion Care Quality Status in Health Facilities of Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 20, no. 6 (November 2013): S166—S167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.559.

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Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew, Wubante Demilew, and Endalew Gebeyehu. "Dispensing Practices in Health Care Facilities of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 24, no. 4 (July 2016): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0000000000000387.

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Zeleke, Bereket. "External Quality Assessment of Malaria Microscopy in Hawassa Health Facilities, Southern Ethiopia." Clinical Medicine Research 4, no. 3 (2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20150403.11.

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Gebrekidan, Gezahegn, Gezahegn Tesfaye, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, and Negussie Deyessa. "Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Private Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/720432.

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Ensuring provision of good quality tuberculosis (TB) care, especially in private for profit health facilities, is an important component of TB control strategy to reduce poor medical practice which results in multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate quality of TB care in private health facilities of Addis Ababa. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted based on Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model of health care quality. Quality of care was determined by adherence to National TB Program guidelines, treatment success rate, and client satisfaction. Exit interview was conducted on 292 patients on the intensive phase of treatment and 384 patient records were reviewed in eight private health facilities. Initial diagnostic AFB test was done for 95.4% of pulmonary TB patients. Most important components of TB care recommended by national guidelines were delivered for a significant proportion of patients. Majority (75%) of the clients were found to be satisfied with each component of TB care. The treatment success rate was 90.9%. The quality of TB care was fairly good. However, only 77.7% of the patients were counseled for HIV testing. Strengthening HIV counseling and testing, tackling shortage of streptomycin and laboratory reagent at private TB clinic is crucial.

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Lailulo, Yishak, A. Sathiya Susuman, and Renette Blignaut. "Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in Ethiopia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 7 (February 11, 2016): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615623810.

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This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal health and good quality of life in an attempt to understand the years between 2005 and 2011. Data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys 2005 and 2011 were used. Bivariate, Camer-V, chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relative contribution of the predictor variables. The hypotheses tested in this study were that gender, wealth quintile, type of place of residence and region are highly significant with women’s education and work status. Females’ expected age (adjusted odds ratio = AOR) for some school training has dropped in 2011 from 0.678 to 0.255 for the age group 25–34, but male expected age (AOR) for some school has increased in 2011 from 0.784 to 2.274. The age of the respondent, age at first cohabitation and socio-economic variables were positively associated with having visited health facilities in the last 12 months and being visited by a family planning worker.

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Demissie, Ayalneh, Alemayehu Worku, and Yemane Berhane. "Effect of Implementing a Free Delivery Service Policy on Women’s Utilization of Facility-Based Delivery in Central Ethiopia: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis." Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8649598.

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Background. Access to and utilization of facility delivery services is low in Ethiopia. The government of Ethiopia introduced a free delivery service policy in all public health facilities in 2013 to encourage mothers to deliver in health facilities. Examining the effect of this intervention on the utilization of delivery services is very important. Objective. In this study, we assessed the effect of provisions of free maternity care services on facility-based delivery service utilization in central Ethiopia. Methods. Data on 108 time points were collected on facility-based delivery service utilization (72 pre- and 36 postintervention) for a period of nine years from July 2007 to June 2016. Routine monthly data were extracted from the District Health Information System and verified using data from the delivery ward logbooks across the study facilities. An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted to assess the effect of the intervention. Results. The implementation of the free delivery services policy has significantly increased facility deliveries. During the study period, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of facility-based deliveries after the 24th and 36th months of intervention ( p < 0.05 ). Program effects on the use of public facilities for deliveries were persisted over a longer exposure period. Conclusion. The findings suggested that the provision of free delivery services at public health facilities increased facility delivery use. The improved utilization of facility delivery services was more marked over a longer exposure period. Policy-makers may consider mobilizing the communities aware of the program at its instigation.

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Andualem, Zewudu, Henok Dagne, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, Asefa Adimasu Taddese, Baye Dagnew, Roman Fisseha, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, and Yigizie Yeshaw. "Households access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e042071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042071.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess households access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities and their associated factors in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsHousehold heads.Primary outcomesAccess to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.MethodsWe conducted an in-depth secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data from a total of 16 650 households and 645 clusters were included in the analysis. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with access to an improved drinking water source and toilet facilities. Adjusted OR with a 95% CI was reported with p value <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between the covariates and the outcome variables.ResultsThe proportions of households’ access to improved sources of drinking water and toilet facilities were 69.94% (95% CI: 69.23% to 70.63%) and 25.36% (95% CI: 24.69% to 26.03%), respectively. Households headed by women and households with a better wealth index were positively associated with access to improved drinking water sources. Whereas rural households, ≥30 min round trip to obtain drinking water and region were factors negatively associated with households access to improved drinking water sources. A higher probability of having access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads who had attained higher education, households having better access to improved sources of drinking water and households with better wealth index. While the following households were less likely to have access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads were widowed, households with four to six members, rural households and region.ConclusionThe study found that the proportions of households’ access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia were relatively low, which demands the need to tailor strategies to increase the coverage of access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.

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Tesfaye, Gezahegn, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, and Agumasie Semahegn. "Induced Abortion and Associated Factors in Health Facilities of Guraghe Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Pregnancy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/295732.

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Unsafe abortion is one of the major medical and public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of up-to-date and reliable information on induced abortion distribution and its determinant factors in the country. This study was intended to assess induced abortion and associated factors in health facilities of Guraghe zone, Southern Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in eight health facilities in Guraghe zone. Client exit interview was conducted on 400 patients using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with induced abortion. Out of 400 women, 75.5% responded that the current pregnancy that ended in abortion is unwanted. However, only 12.3% of the respondents have admitted interference to the current pregnancy. Having more than four pregnancies (AOR = 4.28, CI: (1.24–14.71)), age of 30–34 years (AOR = 0.15, CI: (0.04–0.55)), primary education (AOR = 0.26, CI: (0.13–0.88)), and wanted pregnancy (AOR = 0.44, CI: (0.14–0.65)) were found to have association with induced abortion. The study revealed high level of induced abortion which is underpinned by high magnitude of unwanted pregnancy. There is requirement for widespread expansion of increased access to high quality family planning service and post-abortion care.

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Feyisa, Diriba, Awol Jemal, Temesgen Aferu, Fikadu Ejeta, and Alem Endeshaw. "Evaluation of Cold Chain Management Performance for Temperature-Sensitive Pharmaceuticals at Public Health Facilities Supplied by the Jimma Pharmaceuticals Supply Agency Hub, Southwest Ethiopia: Pharmaceuticals Logistic Management Perspective Using a Multicentered, Mixed-Method Approach." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (September 14, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5167858.

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Background. Effective and efficient cold chain management maximizes utilization of healthcare resources, reduces cold chain products wastage, and improves the quality of health services. It eventually guarantees that clients receive cold chain products they need at service delivery points. The objective of this study was to evaluate cold chain management performance for temperature-sensitive medicines at public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia supplied by the Jimma Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency hub. Method and Materials. The study used an institution-based cross-sectional study design. Forty-seven (47) public health facilities in Southwest Ethiopia were evaluated using checklists adopted from the Logistic Indicators Assessment Tool, Vaccine Management Assessment Tool, and Logistic System Assessment Tool. Results. The study revealed that the mean availability of essential cold chain products was 72.1 ± 14.8% while the average stock-out rate was 26.2 ± 8.6%. The median stock-out duration was 23 ± 21 days for all visited public health facilities. Two hundred and sixty-three (43.06 ± 15.3%) of the public health facilities’ stock records were found accurate, and the wastage rate due to expiration was 9.2 ± 7.8% for all visited health facilities. Thirty public health facilities (63.8 ± 36.2%) had acceptable storage conditions. Conclusions and Recommendations. Supply chain performance at the study facilities was not adequate overall, and focused efforts need to be directed at managing the availability of critical cold chain medicines. Some cold chain management challenges demand the attention of the top management, while the rest can be addressed by operational management at the facilities through provision of appropriate training and supervision of the cold chain pharmaceutical handlers.

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Yitbarek, Kiddus, Gelila Abraham, Melkamu Berhane, Sarah Hurlburt, Carlyn Mann, Ayinengida Adamu, Gebeyehu Tsega, and Mirkuzie Woldie. "Significant inefficiency in running community health systems: The case of health posts in Southwest Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0246559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246559.

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Background Although much has been documented about the performance of the health extension program, there is a lack of information on how efficiently the program is running. Furthermore, the rising cost of health services and the absence of competition among publicly owned health facilities demands strong follow up of efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the technical efficiency of the health posts and determinants in Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods and materials We used data for one Ethiopian fiscal year (from July 2016 to June 2017) to estimate the technical efficiency of health posts. A total of 66 health posts were included in the analysis. We employed a two-stage data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency. At the first stage, technical efficiency scores were calculated using data envelopment analysis program version 2.1. Predictors of technical efficiency were then identified at the second stage using Tobit regression, with STATA version 14. Results The findings revealed that 21.2% were technically efficient with a mean technical efficiency score of 0.6 (± 0.3), indicating that health posts could increase their service volume by 36% with no change made to the inputs they received. On the other hand, health posts had an average scale efficiency score of 0.8 (± 0.2) implying that the facilities have the potential to increase service volume by 16% with the existing resources. The regression model has indicated average waiting time for service has negatively affected technical efficiency. Conclusion More than three-quarters of health posts were found inefficient. The technical efficiency score of more than one-third of the health posts is even less than 50%. Community mobilization to enhance the uptake of health services at the health posts coupled with a possible reallocation of resources in less efficient health posts is a possible approach to improve the efficiency of the program.

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Yirdaw, Meseret, Belachew Umeta, and Yimer Mokennen. "Quality Evaluation of Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablet Batches Available in Governmental Health Facilities of Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (August 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9969157.

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Background. The availability of poor-quality drugs on the drug market might favor the ineffectiveness of the drug and/antimicrobial resistance. Aim. To evaluate the quality of similar batches of ethambutol hydrochloride tablets available in different governmental health facilities of Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods. The World Health Organization checklist was used to inspect the storage area of health facilities and check medicines for the sign of counterfeit. The test was conducted as per the United States Pharmacopeia on six similar batches of ethambutol hydrochloride sampled from different governmental health facilities. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparing the dissolution profile and weight variation of batches. Results. Three health facilities did not comply with the storage area specifications for pharmaceuticals. No batches have shown any sign of counterfeit. All of the tablet batches tested complied with USP specifications for weight variation, percentage purity, and dissolution test. Conclusions and Recommendation. The entire tablet batches complied with the World Health Organization specification for packaging and labelling of pharmaceuticals. All tablet batches complied with the test for weight variation, purity of drug substance, and dissolution. Since some health facilities did not comply with at least one specification for storage of pharmaceuticals, regulatory agencies and stack holders are advised to inspect the health facilities to ensure appropriate storage of pharmaceuticals in health facilities.

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Eshete, Asmamaw, Dereje Birhanu, and Belaynew Wassie. "Birth outcomes among laboring mothers in selected health facilities of North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: A facility based cross-sectional study." Health 05, no. 07 (2013): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.57154.

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Lee, Seohyun, Eunji Kim, and Tekaligne Birhane Desta. "Gaps in Team Communication About Service Statistics Among Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia: Secondary Data Analysis." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): e20848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20848.

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Background In Ethiopia, health extension workers (HEWs) are deployed across the country by the government to meet public health needs. Team communication is important for effective teamwork, but community health workers in low-resource settings like Ethiopia may face challenges in carrying out team meetings to compile service statistics. This is due to the nature of their outreach activities, which requires extensive travel. Objective This study aimed to identify gaps in team communication about service statistics among HEWs in Ethiopia. Considering mobile communication and data collection as tools for bridging these gaps, we examined disparities in access to electricity, which has been identified as one of the major barriers to this approach. Methods Data from the most recent Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 service delivery point survey were used for our analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify disparities in team communication on service statistics for family planning, which is a major component of the HEW’s job. Disparities were examined across health facilities with different levels of HEW integration in their staffing structure (ie, no HEWs, at least one HEW, or only HEWs). Additionally, a chi-square test was conducted to examine disparities in access to electricity to explore the potential of mobile communication and data collection integration. Results In total, 427 health facilities of four different types (ie, hospitals, health centers, health posts, and health clinics) were included in our analysis. At most health posts (84/95, 88%), only HEWs were employed; none of the health clinics integrated the HEW model into their staffing structure. Among the 84 health posts, the odds of having team meetings on family planning service statistics in the past 12 months were 0.48 times the odds of those without HEWs (P=.02). No statistically significant differences were found between HEW-only facilities and facilities with at least one HEW. Most health facilities (69/83, 83.13%) with HEWs as the only staff had no electricity at the time of the survey while 71.25% (57/80) had intermittent access (ie, service disruption lasting 2 or more hours that day). There were statistically significant differences in electricity access among health facilities with different levels of HEW integration (P<.001). Conclusions Facilities employing only HEWs were less likely to have regular team meetings to discuss service statistics. Since their responsibilities involve extensive outreach activities, travel, and paper-based recordkeeping, empowering HEWs with mobile communication and data collection can be a workable solution. The empirical evidence regarding disparities in electricity access also supports the need for and the feasibility of this approach.

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Girmay, Goitom, Teklemariam Gultie, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Bezawit Afework, and Gebremariam Temesgen. "Determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, institution-based case–control study, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia, 2019." Women's Health 16 (January 2020): 174550652096172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520961722.

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Background: Uterine rupture is a major public health problem in low-income countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, its prevalence is low, but it results in devastative health problems of the mother and her baby. Even though the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations tried to strengthen the health care system, significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome is still associated with uterine rupture. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of uterine rupture in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals. Methods: The study was conducted in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, and the data collection period was 15 to 30 November 2018. A case–control study design was used with simple random sampling of 1:4. Data were collected using data extraction sheets. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were used to determine significant association between dependent and independent variables. Result: Uterine rupture occurred in 112 cases with 448 controls. Women referred from health facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–17.8), multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–39.0), duration of labor more than 18 h (adjusted odds ratio = 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 5.5–24.1), malpresentation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.0) and gestational age of ⩾37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–19.3) were independent factors associated with uterine rupture. Conclusion: Mothers referred from health facilities, multiparous women, duration of labor more than 18 h, gestational age of ⩾37 weeks and malpresentation were significantly associated with uterine rupture. Early referral, encouraging family planning, proper use of partograph, early identification and appropriate intervention for malpresentation are recommended.

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Tolera, Habtamu, Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher, and Helmut Kloos. "Risk factors for women’s non-utilization of decentralized primary health care facilities for postnatal care in rural western Ethiopia." Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health 14 (January 2020): 263349412092834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633494120928340.

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Objective: Evidence suggests postnatal care contributes to reductions in maternal mortality. In Ethiopia, the proportion of women who do not utilize postnatal care after birth is high and the frequency of postnatal checks falls short of the four visits recommended by World Health Organization. This study examined risk factors associated with non-utilization of decentralized local health facilities, namely, health posts, health centers, and a primary hospital, for postnatal care services in Gida Ayana Woreda in rural western Ethiopia. Methods: In this study, 454 mothers were examined for the following risk factors: kebele (the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia) in which decentralized health care facilities were located, postnatal woman’s age, antenatal care service visit, experience of postnatal complications, knowledge of postnatal complications, knowledge of the recommended number of postnatal care visits, knowledge of the availability/provision of postnatal care, and health extension workers’ home visits. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of non-utilization of decentralized local facilities for postnatal care services. Results: Over half (55.7%) of the women did not utilize postnatal care within 42 days of delivery, and only 10.0% utilized the care considered appropriate according to World Health Organization guidelines. After adjusting for various potential confounding factors, we found the following risks to be strongly associated with non-utilization of decentralized health care facilities for postnatal care services: some outer rural administrative decentralization entities such as Angar, Lalistu, and Ejere kebeles; age 35 years or older (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–8.3), not receiving antenatal care during this pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–3.7), no experience of any postnatal complications (adjusted odds ratio = 3.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–6.4), and no knowledge of at least one postnatal complication (adjusted odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–3.3). Risk factors highly but less strongly associated with women’s non-utilization of postnatal care services were no knowledge of the standard number of postnatal care visits recommended, no knowledge about the availability/provision of services at a local health facility, and no home visit from health extension worker by day 3 post-delivery. Conclusion: The risk factors for women’s non-utilization of decentralized health care facilities for postnatal care identified in this study need to be considered in interventions for enhancing the utilization of the service and reducing maternal and newborn deaths in rural western Ethiopia. Strengthening of postnatal care services, especially in the more remote kebeles, should include upgrading of the referral system and expansion of counseling of women by health extension workers.

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Bekele, etabalew Endazenaw, Trhas Tadesse, Roman Negaw, and Taye Zewde. "Magnitude and associated factors of hypertension in Addis Ababa public health facilities, Ethiopia." MOJ Public Health 7, no. 6 (2018): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojph.2018.07.00252.

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Gabriel, Tesfaye, and Tadesse Bekele Tafesse. "Supply Chain Management of Antiretroviral Drugs In Public Health Facilities In Eastern Ethiopia." Journal of Young Pharmacists 9, no. 4 (October 10, 2017): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2017.9.109.

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Addisu, Ayenew, Yalewayker Tegegne, Yenesew Mihiret, Abebaw Setegn, and Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke. "A 7-Year Trend of Malaria at Primary Health Facilities in Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4204987.

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Background. Malaria is a severe parasitic disease that can progress to complications of the nervous system, respiratory distress, renal problems, metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia which can result in death in case of delay or absence of appropriate treatment. Even though health service facilities and vector control strategy in the community are implemented as control measures, variations in temperature and rainfall that can affect the life cycle of parasite are among the factors of malaria prevalence over the years. The aim of this trend analysis was to assess the prevalence and the impact of malaria over the seasons and years. Methods. A cross-sectional study using retrospective information was conducted at two health centers Gorgora and Chuahit in Dembia district. The data was collected from lab logbooks routinely diagnosed and registered for seven years. A systematic sampling technique was used by taking patient results from lab logbooks during the first ten days of every month. Data were entered directly into the EpiData Entry software version 3.1 and analysed with the SPSS software version 20. Moreover, a chi-square test with a level of significance set at less than 5% was used. Results. From a total of 11,879 clients that participated, 56.6% were males. The overall malaria prevalence in the last seven years was 21.8%, and the dominant parasite was P. falciparum which accounted for 15.6% of the participants which was threefold higher than P. vivax in the seven-year trend. Moreover, at Gorgora health center, the prevalence which was 15% at the beginning of the study (2012) rose to 33.9% and 30.5% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In the analysis of the seven years, October and September in which the prevalence of malaria was 32.6% and 27.2%, respectively, constituted the peak months. High malaria prevalence was observed in autumn (September to November) season, and the least was observed in spring (March to May) with the prevalence of (17.8%) (p≤0.001). Malaria attack showed significant variability among different age groups, and the age group 15-29 and males were the most affected (p≤0.001). Conclusion. In this study, malaria transmission remained high, which affected males more than females. Thus, appropriate season-based bed net use, health education, immediate patient treatment, and stagnant water drainage methods are needed to alleviate the problem.

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Helelo, AZ, LI Zungu, and RJ Chiegil. "What creates good experiences for EmOC clients in public health facilities in Ethiopia?" South African Family Practice 57, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2015.1024014.

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Biresaw, Henok, Henok Mulugeta, Aklilu Endalamaw, Nurhusien Nuru Yesuf, and Yibeltal Alemu. "Patient satisfaction towards health care services provided in Ethiopian health institutions: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Health Services Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863292110406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329211040689.

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The level of patient satisfaction is a direct or indirect measure of services delivered in healthcare institutions. Different primary studies in Ethiopia showed the proportion of satisfied patients toward health services. Patient satisfaction reflects a wide gap between the current experience and the expected services and pushes clients to go to farther located health care facilities and even to more expensive private health care facilities to find quality healthcare services. Inconsistent findings regarding the proportion of patients that are satisfied with the healthcare services in Ethiopia make generalizations difficult at the national level. We have accessed previous studies through an electronic web-based search strategy using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL and a combination of search terms. The quality of each included article was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. All statistical analyses were done using STATA version 14 software for windows, and meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for reporting results. Out of 188 records screened, 41 studies with 17 176 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included for proportion estimation. The pooled proportion of satisfied patients was 63.7%. Attending a health center (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.79, 2.85), being literate (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.28-0.64), being younger than 34 years old (AOR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.28, 2.85), and being divorced (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.38, 0.88) were factors identified as being associated with patient satisfaction. The proportion of patient satisfaction in Ethiopia was high based on over 50% satisfaction scale. The Ministry of Health should give more emphasis to improve hospital health care services to further improve patient satisfaction.

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Yohannes, A. G., K. Streatfield, and L. Bost. "Child morbidity patterns in Ethiopia." Journal of Biosocial Science 24, no. 2 (April 1992): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000019684.

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SummaryThis study is based on the 1983 Rural Health Survey of Ethiopia. Patterns and levels of child morbidity by age, sex, geographic region, and sanitary facilities are examined. Morbidity levels peak in the second year of life. Diarrhoeal diseases are of major importance, especially among infants and toddlers. Parasitic diseases, and respiratory diseases other than pneumonia, become increasingly important with age.There are no significant sex differentials in morbidity except for higher rates of diarrhoeal diseases among female children. Geographic differentials are quite marked with particularly high morbidity levels from all disease types in the western mountainous regions of Ethiopia. Access to high quality drinking water, a latrine, and garbage disposal, are strongly related to reduced overall morbidity levels, though not necessarily to reduced diarrhoeal disease levels.

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Mathewos Oridanigo, Eyassu, Waju Beyene Salgedo, and Feyera Gebissa Kebene. "Affordability of Essential Medicines and Associated Factors in Public Health Facilities of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6640133.

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Background. Affordability is one of the key dimensions for access to essential medicines, and poor affordability impedes access to treatment in health facilities. The concept of affordability is associated with the issue of impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure. The provision of affordable and appropriate essential medicines is a vital component of a well-functioning health system. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the perceived affordability of essential medicines and associated factors in public health facilities of the Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted from March 28 to April 30, 2018, in the public health facilities of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Based on the WHO operational package for assessing, monitoring, and evaluating a country’s pharmaceutical situations, health facilities were selected from each selected district using lower-, middle-, and higher-level criteria, making a total of 30 health facilities. For the exit interview, the total sample size was proportionally allocated for each of the selected health facilities. The data from the patient exit interview were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data were checked for their completeness, edited, and coded. Following this, they were entered into EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using the backward LR method to identify factors independently associated with dependent variables. Result. Six hundred and six patients participated in the study with a response rate of 97%. Among the total patients, 63.9% characterized the prescribed medicines as not affordable. The level of the health facility [AOR (95% CI) = 3.848(2.144,6.905) and p ≤ 0.001 ], number of dispensed medicines [AOR (95% CI) = 0.326(0.215–0.493) and p ≤ 0.001 ], occupation [AOR (95% CI) = 3.354(1.793–6.274) and p ≤ 0.001 ], family income [AOR (95% CI) = 3.897(1.497–10.145) and p = 0.005 ], place of residence [AOR (95% CI) = 2.100(1.331–3.315) and p = 0.001 ] and number of economically dependent family members [AOR (95% CI) = 2.206(1.165–4.175) and p = 0.015 ] were significantly associated with the perceived affordability of essential medicines. Conclusion. The average cost of dispensed medicines in the surveyed health facilities was not affordable for most of the patients. We recommend both social- and community-based health insurance schemes should be expanded to the study area.

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Alamdo, Andamlak Gizaw, Temesgen Fiseha, Amanuel Tesfay, Mesfin Kote Deber, Zemedu Mehamed Tirfe, and Tizta Tilahun. "Anemia and Its Associated Risk Factors at the Time of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Public Health Facilities of Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia." Health 07, no. 12 (2015): 1657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2015.712179.

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Huluka, Usman Abdurehman, and Ahmed Hasan Dessiso. "Assessment of Diarrheal Disease Management Practice in Under-Five-Year Children According to WHO Guideline in Health Facilities of Hawassa City, SNNPR, Ethiopia." Health 12, no. 10 (2020): 1345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.1210096.

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Gezmu, Tigist, Wendemagegn Enbiale, Mekuria Asnakew, Alemayehu Bekele, Gelila Beresaw, Mekdes Nigussie, Kudakwashe Takarinda, Marcel Manzi, and Rony Zachariah. "Does training of Health Extension Workers reduce scabies load in district health facilities in rural Ethiopia?" Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 06.1 (June 30, 2020): 36S—41S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11730.

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Introduction: In 2017, Ethiopia included scabies management within the responsibility of health extension workers. In Kamba (the intervention district) workers were trained on scabies management. Whereas, in Arba Minch Zuria (the control district) there was no such training. This study assesses whether decentralization of scabies management to communities would reduce the load on health facilities and allow earlier scabies treatment access. Methodology: All individuals presenting with scabies before (January – June 2018) and after (August 2018-January 2019) the introduction of training (July 2018) in Kamba district and the Arba Minch Zuria district were included. We compared between the two districts in the period before and after training, the numbers of scabies cases presenting to health facilities, their demography, clinical characteristics and treatment. Results: There were 1,891 scabies cases in the intervention district and 809 in the control district. Scabies cases declined in the intervention district from 7.6 to 1.6 per 1,000 population (a 4.8-fold reduction). In the control district, scabies cases increased from 1.3 to 2.4 per 1,000 population (a 1.8-fold increase). In intervention district, the proportion of scabies patients with secondary skin infections reduced from 1,227 (78%, n = 1,565) to 156 (48%, n = 326, P < 0.001). In the control district the difference was insignificant 39 (14%, n = 288) to 86 (17%, n = 521, P = 0.2). Conclusions: Introducing trained health extension workers at community level were associated with reductions in health facility load for scabies and secondary infections. This is a wider community health benefit.

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Ebrahim, Awol Jemal, Fitsum Sebsibe Teni, and Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu. "Unused and Expired Medications: Are They a Threat? A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 10 (January 2019): 215013271984785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132719847857.

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Background: A significant amount of potentially effective and lifesaving medications were wasted at the health facilities due to lack of a system for checking their effectiveness and returning them to the system. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of unused medications and related consequences in selected health facilities of Awi zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design supplemented by a qualitative approach was employed. Descriptive data were collected using checklists while interviews were conducted with respective personnel at the health facilities. Results: A total of 4 health facilities were included in the study. During the 1 month of study period, 56 types of medications were found unused at the health facilities. Anti-infective medications were the most commonly unused medications 36.4%. At the in-patient departments of the 4 hospitals, a total of 173 medications were found unused. Similarly, 605 medications were found wasted at the pharmacy stores of those hospitals in the 2009 fiscal year. Conclusion: A significant amount of unused medications were present at the health facilities. Health facilities need to monitor health professionals strictly follow national and international treatment guidelines and monitor the rational use of medications.

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Damtew, Dagim, Fikru Worku, Yonas Tesfaye, and Awol Jemal. "Availability of Lifesaving Maternal and Child Health Commodities and Associated Factors in Public and Private Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology 6 (January 1, 2019): 233339281989235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333392819892350.

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Background: Inaccessible, unaffordable, and poor quality care are the key underlying reasons for the high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To assess the availability of lifesaving maternal and child health (MCH) commodities and associated factors in public and private health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Institutional-based, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the selected health facilities (29 publics and 6 private) in Addis Ababa. The data were collected through pretested, structured questionnaire, and in-depth interviews. For the quantitative analysis, data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software, SPSS Inc. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, and the Spearman correlation test was run to determine the predictors of the outcome variables. For the qualitative data, the data were handled manually and transformed into categories related to the topics and coded on paper individually in order to identify themes and patterns for thematic analysis. Result: The overall availability of the lifesaving MCH commodities in the health facilities was 74.3%. There is a moderate, positive association between the availability of lifesaving MCH commodities with the adequacy of budget ( rs = 0.485, P < .001), use of more than 1 selection criteria during selection ( rs = 0.407, P = .015), and training given to health facilities on logistics management ( rs = 0.490, P = .003). Conclusion: The availability of the lifesaving MCH commodities in the health facilities was within the range of fairly high to high. Adequacy of budget, use of more than 1 selection criteria during selection, and training given on logistics management were the predictors of the availability of the commodities.

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Jebessa, Solomie, James A. Litch, Kirsten Senturia, Tedros Hailu, Amaha Kahsay, Kemal A. Kuti, Eskinder Wolka, Alula M. Teklu, and Wendemaghen Gezahegn. "Qualitative Assessment of the Quality of Care for Preterm, Low Birth Weight, and Sick Newborns in Ethiopia." Health Services Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863292110251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329211025150.

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This study assesses the quality of care for preterm, low birth weight (LBW), and sick newborns across the public health care system levels in 3 regions of Ethiopia. Qualitative data based on the WHO framework to assess provision and experience of care was collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with women who recently delivered preterm, LBW, and sick newborns, as well as health care providers and health extension workers, and facility administrators associated with study health facilities. This qualitative approach revealed perspectives of patients, health care providers and facility administrators to assess what is actually happening in facilities. Clinical guidelines for the care of preterm, LBW, and sick newborns were not available in many facilities, and even when available, often not followed. Most providers reported little or no communication with parents following hospital discharge. Human resource challenges (shortage of skilled staff, motivation and willingness, lack of supervision, and poor leadership) inhibited quality of care. Participants reported widespread shortages of equipment and supplies, medication, physical space, water, electricity, and infrastructure. Economic insecurity was a critical factor affecting parents’ experience. Acceptance by users was impacted by the perceived benefits and cost. Users reported they were less likely to accept interventions if they perceived that there would be financial costs they couldn’t afford. The quality of care for preterm, LBW, and sick newborns in Ethiopia as reported by recently delivered women, health care providers and facility administrators is compromised. Improving quality of care requires attention to process of care, experience of care, and health system capacity, structure, and resources.

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Fenta, Esete Habtemariam, Bilal Shikur Endris, Yalemwork Getenet Mengistu, Fekadu Elias Sadamo, Endashaw Hailu Gelan, Tsegaye Gebrezgher Beyene, and Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus. "Landscape analysis of nutrition services at Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) in four districts of Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243240.

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Background Good nutrition and healthy growth during the first 1000days have lasting benefit throughout life. For this, equally important is the structural readiness of health facilities. However, structural readiness and nutrition services provision during the first 1000 days in Ethiopia is not well understood. The present study was part of a broader implementation research aimed at developing model nutrition districts by implementing evidence based, high impact and cost-effective package of nutrition interventions through the continuum of care. This study was aimed at assessing structural readiness of health facilities and the extent of nutrition service provision in the implementation districts. Methods This assessment was conducted in four districts of Ethiopia. We used mixed method; a quantitative study followed by qualitative exploration. The quantitative part of the study addressed two-dimensions, structural readiness and process of nutrition service delivery. The first dimension assessed attributes of context in which care is delivered by observing availability of essential logistics. The second dimension assessed the service provision through direct observation of care at different units of health facilities. For these dimensions, we conducted a total of 380 observations in 23 health centers and 33 health posts. The observations were conducted at the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses unit, immunization unit, Antenatal care unit and Postnatal care unit. The qualitative part included a total of 60 key informant interviews with key stakeholders and service providers. Result We assessed structural readiness of 56 health facilities. Both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed poor structural readiness and gap in nutrition services provision. Health facilities lack essential logistics which was found to be more prominent at health posts compared to health centers. The process evaluation showed a critical missed opportunity for anthropometric assessment and preventive nutrition counselling at different contact points. This was particularly prominent at immunization unit (where only 16.4% of children had their weight measured and only 16.2% of mothers with children under six month of age were counselled about exclusive breastfeeding). Although 90.4% of pregnant women who came for antenatal care were prescribed iron and folic acid supplementation, only 57.7% were counselled about the benefit and 42.4% were counselled about the side effect. The qualitative findings showed major service provision bottlenecks including non-functionality of the existing district nutrition coordination body and technical committees, training gaps, staff shortage, high staff turnover resulting in work related burden, fatigue and poor motivation among service providers. Conclusion We found a considerable poor structural readiness and gaps in delivering integrated nutrition services with a significant missed opportunity in nutrition screening and counselling. Ensuring availability of logistics and improving access to training might improve delivery of nutrition services. In addition, ensuring adequate human resource might reduce missed opportunity and enable providers to provide a thorough preventive counselling service.

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Odo, Daniel Bogale, and Alemayehu Gonie Mekonnen. "Availability and factors influencing community level handwashing facility in Ethiopia: Implication for prevention of infectious diseases." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): e0243228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243228.

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Background Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. A substantial body of research has examined the status and determinants of handwashing facilities in healthcare settings and schools. However, its status at home in the community, especially in developing countries, remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the availability and factors influencing basic handwashing facilities at households in Ethiopia. Method We analysed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. EDHS employed a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. Data were collected from the lowest administrative unit (kebele). A multivariable logistic regression model that allowed cluster-level random effects was employed to examine factors that affect the availability of basic handwashing facilities (water plus soap) at households. Estimates from the regression model are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with standard errors clustered at the DHS cluster level to account for a sampling methodology. Results In our sample, only 1292 (8% [95% CI, 7.6%–8.4%]) of the households had basic handwashing facilities. Compared with head of household who had no formal education, the odds of having basic handwashing facilities was higher among head of household who completed secondary level of education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.35–2.49) and higher level of education (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.63–3.39). Odds of having basic handwashing facilities was increased with having radio (AOR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10–1.63) and television (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.10–2.02) at home. Households that had improved latrine were two times more likely to have basic handwashing facilities (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.56–2.80). Being at higher household wealth quintiles was associated with increased odds of having basic handwashing facilities. Conclusion Very low basic handwashing facilities was demonstrated by this study, whereas, awareness and socio-economic related factors were identified as a determinants for its availability in the household. Greater efforts are needed to increase the coverage of community-level handwashing facilities.

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Bitew Workie, Shimelash, Niguse Mekonen, Mulugeta W. Michael, Getahun Molla, Solomon Abrha, Zewde Zema, and Takele Tadesse. "Modern Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Adults in Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (January 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835780.

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Background. The Ethiopian government is striving to improve the health status of its population through the expansion and strengthening of primary health care services in both rural and urban settings of the country. The study aimed to measure modern health service utilization and associated factors in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study design was implemented from May to June 2019 in Wolaita Sodo town, Ethiopia. All 786 study participants were selected by multistage systematic random sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were collected by an open data kit. Stata window version 15.0 was also employed for statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression was conducted, and a 95% confidence interval was considered for interpretation. Result. Health service utilization was 77.2% with (95% CI of 74.1%, 80.0%). In terms of health facilities in which they visit, first 50.6% were at the public health center and 25.5% of them were at Teaching and Referral Hospital. Respondents with marital status married and widowed have higher odds of utilizing health services compared to single marital status (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.7–5.2 and 9.0; 95% CI: 1.69–48.0), respectively. Respondents with middle and highest wealth status have higher odds of health service utilization than poor wealth status with AOR (1.75 95% CI 1.03–2.97 and 1.58 95% CI; 1.01, 2.77). Similarly, respondents who had chronic disease and perceived poor health status have higher odds of health service utilization. Conclusion. Modern health services utilization was found to be unsatisfactory. Being married, wealth status being middle and high, having chronic health conditions, and having poor perceived health status were found to have a statistically significant association with health service utilization.

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Haligamo, Demamu. "Latrine Utilisation and Associated Factors in Southern Ethiopia: Evidence from Selected Households in Holte Town, Ethiopia." Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51986/ijrcs-2021.vol3.02.01.

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Globally, over 2.5 billion people are still without access to improved sanitation. Almost a third of the world’s population suffers on a daily basis from a lack of access to a clean and functioning toilet. People are obliged to defecate in the open due to a lack of toilet facilities. Poor usage of latrines and excreta disposal are contributing factors to a high number of morbidity and mortality, especially among under-five children. Health improvement comes from proper sanitation facilities, not simply because of their mere physical presence. Therefore, this study assessed latrine utilisation and associated factors among households in Holte town of Derashe, especial Woreda, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist. An SPSS software Version.23 was used for analysis, and descriptive statistics and association among factors were finally calculated. From total respondents, 316 (88.76%) were using Latrine for 24 hours (good utilisation), 29 (8.1%) daily and the remaining 11 (3.0%) rarely (poor utilisation). Family members in each household were identified as using Latrine together. From the study respondents who have under-five children, 189 (53.1%) of the households do not allow their children to use Latrine. In conclusion, there is somewhat good latrine utilisation but poor hand washing practice after visiting Latrine in the study area. So, strengthening health information dissemination, appropriate technical support, and multi-sectorial collaboration should be key factors to improve the proper utilisation of latrines and handwashing practices.

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G/Mariam, Efrem, Waqtola Cheneke, Awol Jemal, and Henok Assefa. "ASSESSMENT OF LABORATORY COMMODITY SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM AT PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF JIMMA ZONE AND JIMMA TOWN ADMINISTRATION, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 10 (July 4, 2020): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i10.2019.543.

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Background: Laboratory commodity management (LCM) is a formidable challenge because of various reasons. Poor LCM could produce wrong laboratory result. However, the status of laboratory commodity supply chain system in Jimma zone is not clearly known. Thus, we aimed to assess the overall supply chain system of laboratory commodity in selected public health facilities of Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study within 3 different strata of health facilities: hospitals, A-level health centers, and B-level health centers were conducted. About 40 basic laboratory commodities as well as all pharmacy and laboratory professionals were included for the assessment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with 95% confidence interval using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was performed. Results: A total of 34 facilities having totally 146 professionals were included. Among these 146 professionals only 2 pharmacy professionals took LCM training. In 16(47.1%), 12(35.3%) and 1(2.9%) facilities only 1 pharmacy, 1 laboratory and 0 pharmacy professionals, respectively were available. About 40% of facilities were found to be stocked-out (SO) on the day of visit and the mean day of SO was 51 days. The mean month-of-stock (MOS) on-hand was 5.51. Health centers were more SO than hospitals. Around 31(91.2%), 30(88.2%), 29(85.3%), and 1(2.9%) facilities responded using report and requisition form, internal facility report and requisition form, bin card, and stock card, respectively, however, practically 15(44.1%) had no report on the tools. About 33(97.1%) facilities never received all ordered quantities from their main source, pharmaceuticals fund and supply agency, and 23(67.6%) received products near to their expiry date. Six (17.6%) facilities were resupplied within 2-4 weeks lead time. Sixteen (47.1%) facilities were supervised within last month, 3(8.8%) have never been supervised and in 23(67.6%) the supervision did not include laboratory commodities. About 9(26.5%) facilities were not doing demand forecast. Thirty-three (97.06%) facilities didn`t have separate budget for laboratory commodities. Conclusion: Stocks availability in Jimma zone was found very low. However, MOS on hand showed a better result, though it may not be an indication of good practice. Facilities’ storage practice was less than the minimum value.

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Gebretsadik, Achamyelesh, Alemayehu Worku, and Yemane Berhane. "Less Than One-Third of Caretakers Sought Formal Health Care Facilities for Common Childhood Illnesses in Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey." International Journal of Family Medicine 2015 (July 26, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/516532.

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Background. Most of the childhood illnesses can be proven with effective interventions. However, countless children die needlessly in developing countries due to the failure of their guardians to seek care timely. The aim of this study was to assess health care seeking behavior of caretakers of children under the age of five years for treatment of common childhood illnesses. Methods. Further analysis of the Ethiopian 2011 demographic and health survey was done. All children under the age of five reported to have been ill from the three common childhood illnesses and their caretakers were included in the analysis. A complex sample logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with the health care seeking behavior of caretakers. Result. A total of 2,842 caregivers who reported that their index child had at least one of the three common childhood illnesses in the two weeks preceding the survey were captured, of which 849 (29.87%; 95% CI: 28, 32%) sought formal health care facilities. Conclusion and Recommendation. In Ethiopia health care seeking behavior of caretakers for common childhood illnesses is low. Increasing mass media exposure can possibly improve the health seeking behavior of caretakers.

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Shiferaw, Melashu Balew, Hiwot Amare Hailu, Abebe Alemu Fola, Mulatu Melese Derebe, Aimro Tadese Kebede, Abayneh Admas Kebede, Manamnot Agegne Emiru, and Zelalem Dessie Gelaw. "Tuberculosis Laboratory Diagnosis Quality Assurance among Public Health Facilities in West Amhara Region, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2015): e0138488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138488.

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Jackson, Ruth. "Changing the place of birth from home to health facilities in Kafa Zone, Ethiopia." Journal of Development Effectiveness 8, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206952.

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Asemahagn, Mulusew Andualem, and Albert Lee. "Determinants of routine health information utilization at primary healthcare facilities in Western Amhara, Ethiopia." Cogent Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1387971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2331205x.2017.1387971.

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Desta, D., C. Hendrickson, D. Brahmi, A. Mark, A. Edelman, J. Healy, and N. Shamsuddin. "Postabortion contraception method mix and uptake in Ipas-supported public health facilities in Ethiopia." Contraception 90, no. 3 (September 2014): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.084.

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Endale Woldegiorgis, Adugna. "Health Professionals’ Intention to Leave from Public Health Facilities and Its Determinants in Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia." American Journal of Health Research 3, no. 6 (2015): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.22.

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Hailemicael Nima, Gebremariam. "Organizational Commitment of Health Professionals and Associated Factors in Government Health Facilities of Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia." Clinical Medicine Research 5, no. 5 (2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20160505.11.

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Doylo, Tadelle, Tadesse Alemayehu, and Negga Baraki. "Knowledge and Practice of Health Workers about Healthcare Waste Management in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia." Journal of Community Health 44, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-0584-z.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Health facilities – Ethiopia'

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