Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health promotion – Malawi

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Health promotion – Malawi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Health promotion – Malawi"

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Gennaro, Susan, Daima Thyangathyanga, Rose Kershbaumer, and Joyce Thompson. "Health Promotion and Risk Reduction in Malawi, Africa, Village Women." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 30, no. 2 (March 2001): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01539.x.

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Uwamahoro, Nadege Sandrine, Bagrey Ngwira, Kirsten Vinther-Jensen, and Gill Rowlands. "Health literacy among Malawian HIV-positive youth: a qualitative needs assessment and conceptualization." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (November 6, 2019): 1137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz107.

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Abstract Despite growing evidence of the significance of health literacy in managing and coping with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV), it is not yet an integrated part of HIV/AIDS-related health promotion research and practice in Africa. This article contributes to addressing the gap in research on health literacy and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess health literacy-related needs of young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) and adapt existing health literacy frameworks to the context of HIV/AIDS in Malawi. We used focus group discussions to collect data from a sample of the membership of the national association of YPLHIV. Twenty-four HIV-positive youth (18–29 years) participated in focus group discussions. Participants came from three regions of Malawi. Additionally, we conducted three in-depth interviews with key informants. We used a thematic framework approach to analyse data in MAXQDA. We contextualized definitions of four dimensions of health literacy: functional, interactive, critical and distributed health literacy, which we used as an a priori analytical framework. To further contextualize the framework, we revised it iteratively throughout the analysis process. We identified the need for comprehensive information about HIV and sexual reproductive health, skills to interact with healthcare providers and navigate the health system, and skills to appraise information from different sources, among others. The identified needs were translated into nine action recommendations for the national association of YPLHIV, and with relevance within the wider HIV sector in Malawi and beyond. We found that the dimensions in our analytical framework operate on the individual, system and public policy levels.
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Paliani, Grace. "2. Communication and community services: Malawi Red Cross Society: Communication to promote community services." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 276 (June 1990): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400075562.

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The topic “Communication to promote community services” sounds simple, but it is vital because it points to the contribution that any health-oriented institution should make towards the general success of its undertakings.On closer examination it will be seen that one basic communication task, which, however, involves a number of sub-tasks all geared towards achieving the same objectives, is the promotion of community services through publicity.
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Scott, Molly, Bansi Malde, Carina King, Tambosi Phiri, Hilda Chapota, Esther Kainja, Florida Banda, and Marcos Vera-Hernandez. "Family networks and infant health promotion: a mixed-methods evaluation from a cluster randomised controlled trial in rural Malawi." BMJ Open 8, no. 6 (June 2018): e019380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019380.

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Rajasingham, Anu, Janell A. Routh, Anagha Loharikar, Elly Chemey, Tracy Ayers, Andrews W. Gunda, Elizabeth T. Russo, Siri Wood, and Robert Quick. "Diffusion of Handwashing Knowledge and Water Treatment Practices From Mothers in an Antenatal Hygiene Promotion Program to Nonpregnant Friends and Relatives, Machinga District, Malawi." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 39, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x18797063.

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Access to safe drinking water and improved hygiene are essential for preventing diarrheal diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Integrating water treatment and hygiene products into antenatal clinic care can motivate water treatment and handwashing among pregnant women. Free water hygiene kits (water storage containers, sodium hypochlorite water treatment solution, and soap) and refills of water treatment solution and soap were integrated into antenatal care and delivery services in Machinga District, Malawi, resulting in improved water treatment and hygiene practices in the home and increased maternal health service use. To determine whether water treatment and hygiene practices diffused from maternal health program participants to friends and relatives households in the same communities, we assessed the practices of 106 nonpregnant friends and relatives of these new mothers at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At follow-up, friends and relatives were more likely than at baseline to have water treatment products observable in the home (33.3% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.00001) and detectable free chlorine residual in their water, confirming water treatment (35.7% vs. 1.4%; p < 0.00001). Qualitative data from in-depth interviews also suggested that program participants helped motivate adoption of water treatment and hygiene behaviors among their friends and relatives.
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Metcalfe, David. "A negative association between condom availability and incidence of urethral discharge in a closed Malawian community." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781439801.

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Condom promotion in sub-Saharan Africa has been accused by some conservative groups of encouraging promiscuity. This study explored the relationship between condom availability and sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence in a closed Malawian community. An audit of clinic records charted the changing availability of condoms and the concurrent incidence of patients presenting with STI-associated urethral discharge (UD). When condoms first became available, their distribution steadily increased and the UD incidence declined. During a three-month period of unavailability, this previously uninterrupted decline was reversed and UD incidence increased. Once condoms again became available, UD incidence resumed its decline. This association was found to be statistically significant (Spearman's correlation coefficient, −0.499; P = 0.035). In a small community largely isolated from neighbouring towns, condom distribution appeared to negatively correlate with the number of patients presenting with UD. This may challenge the local belief that condoms have a damaging effect on sexual health in Malawi.
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Rimal, Rajiv N., Jane Brown, Glory Mkandawire, Lisa Folda, Kirsten Böse, and Alisha H. Creel. "Audience Segmentation as a Social-Marketing Tool in Health Promotion: Use of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework in HIV Prevention in Malawi." American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 12 (December 2009): 2224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.155234.

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Kasteng, Frida, Joanna Murray, Simon Cousens, Sophie Sarrassat, Jennifer Steel, Nicolas Meda, Moctar Ouedraogo, Roy Head, and Josephine Borghi. "Cost-effectiveness and economies of scale of a mass radio campaign to promote household life-saving practices in Burkina Faso." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 4 (July 2018): e000809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000809.

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IntroductionChild health promotion through mass media has not been rigorously evaluated for cost-effectiveness in low-income and middle-income countries. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of a mass radio campaign on health-seeking behaviours for child survival within a trial in Burkina Faso and at national scale.MethodsWe collected provider cost data prospectively alongside a 35-month cluster randomised trial in rural Burkina Faso in 2012–2015. Out-of-pocket costs of care-seeking were estimated through a household survey. We modelled intervention effects on child survival based on increased care-seeking and estimated the intervention’s incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted versus current practice. Model uncertainty was gauged using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We projected the ICER of national-scale implementation in five sub-Saharan countries with differing media structures. All costs are in 2015 USD.ResultsThe provider cost of the campaign was $7 749 128 ($9 146 101 including household costs). The campaign broadcast radio spots 74 480 times and 4610 2-hour shows through seven local radio stations, reaching approximately 2.4 million people including 620 000 direct beneficiaries (pregnant women and children under five). It resulted in an average estimated 24% increase in care-seeking for children under five and a 7% reduction in child mortality per year. The ICER was estimated at $94 ($111 including household costs (95% CI −38 to 320)). The projected provider cost per DALY averted of a national level campaign in Burkina Faso, Burundi, Malawi, Mozambique and Niger in 2018–2020, varied between $7 in Malawi to $27 in Burundi.ConclusionThis study suggests that mass-media campaigns can be very cost-effective in improving child survival in areas with high media penetration and can potentially benefit from considerable economies of scale.Trial registration numberNCT01517230; Results.
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Morse, Tracy, Elizabeth Tilley, Kondwani Chidziwisano, Rossanie Malolo, and Janelisa Musaya. "Health Outcomes of an Integrated Behaviour-Centred Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Food Safety Intervention–A Randomised before and after Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082648.

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Diarrhoeal disease in children under five in low income settings has been associated with multiple environmental exposure pathways, including complementary foods. Conducted from February to December 2018 in rural Malawi, this before and after trial with a control used diarrhoeal disease as a primary outcome, to measure the impact of a food hygiene intervention (food hygiene + handwashing) relative to a food hygiene and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention (food hygiene + handwashing + faeces management + water management). The 31-week intervention was delivered by community-based coordinators through community events (n = 2), cluster group meetings (n = 17) and household visits (n = 14). Diarrhoeal disease was self-reported and measured through an end line survey, and daily diaries completed by caregivers. Difference-in-differences results show a 13-percentage point reduction in self-reported diarrhoea compared to the control group. There were also significant increases in the presence of proxy measures in each of the treatment groups (e.g., the presence of soap). We conclude that food hygiene interventions (including hand washing with soap) can significantly reduce diarrhoeal disease prevalence in children under five years in a low-income setting. Therefore, the promotion of food hygiene practices using a behaviour-centred approach should be embedded in nutrition and WASH policies and programming.
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Mlenga, F., and E. G. Mumghamba. "Oral Hygiene Practices, Knowledge, and Self-Reported Dental and Gingival Problems with Rural-Urban Disparities among Primary School children in Lilongwe, Malawi." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (March 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8866554.

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Aim. To determine oral hygiene practices, knowledge, and experience of dental caries and gingival problems among urban and rural primary schoolchildren in Lilongwe District, Malawi. Methodology. This was an analytical and quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. Four urban and four rural primary schools were conveniently sampled. Pupils aged 11–14 years (n = 409) were recruited using self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS program v20.0. Results. Out of 409 pupils, most of them had knowledge that dental caries is caused by consumption of sugary foodstuffs (91.4%), toothache is a symptom of dental caries (77.6%), gingivitis is caused by ineffective tooth brushing (92.7%), and gingival bleeding is a sign of gingivitis (85.3%). Most pupils experienced toothache (30.8%); many of them had parents with secondary education and above (35.0%) compared to those with primary education (23.5%). 24.4% experienced gingival bleeding with higher percentages from urban (30.1%) than rural (18.5%) schools. Plastic toothbrush users (95%) overshadowed chewing stick users (24.9%). The use of chewing stick was significantly higher in rural (49%) than in urban (1.9%) schools. Likewise, tooth brushing before bed was significantly higher in rural (33%) than in urban (17.2%) pupils. The use of toothpaste during tooth brushing was significantly higher among urban (91.9%) than among rural (64%) pupils. The prevalence of tongue cleaning was 70.2%, and the differences were significantly higher among pupils who had parents with secondary and higher education in urban schools and among pupils aged 11–12 years in comparison with their counterparts. Conclusions. Most pupils reported cleaning their teeth regularly, mostly using plastic toothbrush rather than chewing stick, using toothpaste, and having adequate knowledge about dental caries and gingival disease, and a quarter of them had suffered from these diseases with evidence of rural-urban disparities. Integration of oral health in school health promotion program and further research on its impact on oral health status are recommended.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health promotion – Malawi"

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Mambulasa, Mandala D. "(Non)-regulation of the health insurance industry and its potential impact on the rights to health and life : a comparative analysis of Malawi and South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16767.

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Malawi reverted to multiparty politics in 1993.1 A new Republican Constitution,2 (the Constitution) with a Bill of Rights was provisionally adopted on 18 May 1994 and it entered into force on 18 May 1995.3 Chapter 3 thereof deals with fundamental principles upon which the Constitution is founded and Principles of National Policy (PNP). Section 13(c) of the Constitution which falls under the PNP deals with health. It is to the effect that ‘the State shall actively promote the welfare and development of the people of Malawi by progressively adopting and implementing policies and legislation aimed at achieving adequate healthcare, commensurate with the health needs of Malawian society and international standards of healthcare’. According to section 14 of the Constitution, PNP are only directory in nature. Courts are obliged to have regard to them in the interpretation and application of the Constitution or any other law or in the determination of the validity of executive decisions. In the light of the foregoing, arguably, the right to health is not justiciable under the Constitution.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Ben K. Twinomugisha of the Faculty of Law, University of Makerere. 2010.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Tarimo, Nesto Salia. "Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs on contributing factors among low back pain patients attending outpatients physiotherapy treatment in Malawi." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9816_1331807958.

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Low back pain (LBP) is a growing health and socio-economic problem worldwide, affecting humans from adolescent to adult age. In developed countries, more than 80% of adults are at risk of suffering a disabling episode of LBP at one point during their life time. In developing countries, particularly in Africa, the life time prevalence of LBP varies in population groups, but the disability due to LBP is increasing. The aetiology of LBP is multifactorial, and there is still no consensus on the exact cause and contributing factors to LBP. In addition, little is known about patients&rsquo
knowledge and beliefs on the contributing factors to their LBP. The current study therefore, aimed to identify patients&rsquo
knowledge, attitudes and beliefs on the contributing factors to LBP, among patients attending physiotherapy outpatient departments in Malawi.

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Azunie, Naomi Chuiwo. "An Integrated Approach to Malaria Prevention and Control in Rural Cameroon." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3971.

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Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease spread to humans through bites of an infected mosquito. In rural Cameroon, malaria is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Several studies have examined the use of various malaria preventive tools; however, there is insufficient literature available on use of an integrated approach to prevent and control malaria in rural Cameroon. The aim of this study was to provide information necessary for bridging the gap in understanding the proper use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and antimalarial drugs and the roles of education and socioeconomic status in malaria prevention and control efforts in rural Cameroon. This quantitative cross-sectional study was guided by the socioecological framework. Secondary data from the 2011 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (sample size of 216) was used in this study. The Chi-Square, binary logistic, and multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between proper use of ITNs and malaria prevalence among children under 5 years old, education and proper use of antimalarial drugs, and socioeconomic status and health seeking behavior. There was also a significant association between healthcare preference and malaria treatment outcomes among children under 5 and pregnant women. These findings may contribute to social change by helping public health officials in Cameron to continue to prioritize local needs and enforce the proper use of available malaria tools in rural communities through an integrated approach to prevent and control malaria in rural Cameroon, especially for children under 5 years old and pregnant women, which would lead to improved quality of life.
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Oreyomi, Olabosipo O. "Barriers to Utilization of Malaria Preventive Measures in Rural Nigeria Among Pregnant Women." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6468.

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Malaria is a mosquito transmitted tropical disease that accounts for more cases and deaths in Nigeria than in any other country worldwide. Globally malaria accounts for 300,000 deaths among young children and pregnant women annually. The promotion of the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) to reduce pregnant women's contact with mosquitoes has been the focus of malaria prevention efforts in Nigeria. However, the use of ITNs during pregnancy has been inexplicably low in Nigeria. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to examine barriers to the utilization of ITNs among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. The social ecological model was utilized to analyze secondary data from a 2015 survey conducted in Nigeria in which 4,834 pregnant women between 15 to 49 years of age participated. The relationship between the use of ITNs and the knowledge of ITNs, traditional medicine, education, and family income was examined using multiple logistic regression modeling. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of ITN (p = 0.000), family income (p = 0.000), education of pregnant women (p = 0.000) and the use of ITN among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. However, there was no relationship between the use of traditional medicine (p = >0.5), and the use of ITN, perhaps because most of the women surveyed did not respond to the question about use of traditional medicine. Results of the study have important implications for positive social changes among pregnant women in Nigeria. These findings will inform strategies to increase the uptake of ITNs during pregnancy in Nigeria, improving birth outcomes, increasing maternal and child survival, and decreasing the economic burden due to malaria morbidity and mortality in rural Nigeria.
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Arori, Christopher Nyakundi. "Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors, Knowledge Level, Attitudes, and Practices on Malaria Prevention Among the Gusii People of Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/961.

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Global morbidity and mortality associated with malaria is rampant, and most of the clinical malaria cases are found in sub Saharan Africa. Previous and current research show that malaria is both preventable and treatable and that socioeconomic variables have a profound influence on how persons in rural Africa respond to malaria infections and the associated preventive strategies. This study assessed two key research questions for malaria cases in the Gusii region of Kenya regarding: First, whether a community education program on malaria has an impact in changing malaria preventive behaviors; and, second, if a relationship exists between socioeconomic factors and participants' knowledge and associated behavioral change to control malaria cases. Participatory model and social cognitive theory were used in conjunction with a community intervention with pre-post-test approach. Ten trainees each interviewed 36 participants, for a total of 360 participants, using a structured questionnaire before and after providing a layperson health education program (LPHEP) related to malaria prevention. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Cramer's V test were used for the test of significance. Results showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test scores on signs and symptoms of malaria. Participants were able to identify and stated > 2 signs and symptoms of malaria after exposure to the LPHEP. Implications for positive social change included evidence that a simple LPHEP can improve malaria knowledge level.
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Bazirutwabo, Bonaventure. "Impact of Social Support on Malaria Management by Burundian Community Health Workers." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5162.

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Malaria is the main cause of mortality for children under the age of 5 in Burundi. The access to malaria diagnostics and treatment is hampered not only because of logistical issues, but also due to the lack of qualified human resources and their inequitable distribution across the country. To mitigate the lack of human resources for health, the government of Burundi, along with its partners, shifted some tasks to community health workers (CHWs) to cover unmet healthcare needs for selected diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the social support provided to CHWs had an impact on morbidity due to malaria for children under the age of 5. The social networks and social support theoretical framework was used to explore the type of social support received by CHWs and its impact on the number of children treated. The 88 CHWs who participated in this cross sectional survey, were randomly selected from a pool of 719 CHWs who were part of a pilot project that was implemented in the districts of Gahombo, Gashoho, and Mabayi, from 2011 to 2014. The study findings showed mixed results with a positive correlation between the instrumental support received and the number of children under the age of 5 treated. However, a statistically significant correlation was not established between the emotional, informational, and appraisal support received and the number of children under the age of 5 treated. The positive social change implications of the study include providing evidence to build and enhance human resource capacity for improving the health of children living in Burundi, an under-resourced country, through the development of a support package that can be offered to CHWs to help them perform their duties in a more effective way.
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Amutenya, Kaarina Nduuvunawa. "An analysis of the development of the 2010-2016 Namibia Malaria Strategic Plan and its relation to health promotion." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4606.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
Background: Malaria was a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Namibia from 1999 to 2001. Malaria epidemics were recorded in 1990, 1996, 2000 and in 2001. In 2001 alone 733, 509 malaria morbidity cases and 1,728 mortality cases were documented. In recent years, however, malaria morbidity and mortality in the country have drastically declined by over 90%. This has influenced the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) in Namibia to adopt a malaria elimination approach as opposed to the malaria case management approach. A malaria programme, known as the National Vector Disease Control Program (NVDCP) was instituted and mandated to coordinate malaria case management (diagnosis and treatment) as well as the current malaria elimination focus (elimination of transmission foci). This is all aimed at effectively addressing the current malaria epidemiology and sustain the decline observed over the last decade. Aim and Methodology: The study’s purpose was to analyse how the Namibia Malaria Strategic Plan (MSP) for 2010-2016 was developed and its relationship to health promotion. It employed an exploratory design which included stakeholders involved in malaria programmes and activities in the country. Data collection methods were of a qualitative nature through in-depth interviews and documentary review. Seven people were interviewed representing stakeholders from the public and private sectors. Those interviewed from the public sector were the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), MoHSS’s division for Malaria, Policy Planning and Information Education and Communication (IEC). Others interviewed included national and international non-governmental organizations’ representatives from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Society for Family Health (SFH). Documents reviewed include MSP 2010-2016, MSP 2003-2007, Malaria Policy of 2005, National Health Promotion policy 2012 and the Namibian Constitution. Data was analysed using content and thematic processes. Respondents were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. Key findings: The study found that information with regard to the formulation process of the MSP 2010-2016 was limited to a few superficially described events. These events involved, amongst others, a review of the previous (2003-2007) MSP, a pre-assessment questionnaire and two to three workshops. The events were not explicitly described or documented. The researcher concluded that the evidence to better understand the development processes of the MSP 2010-2016 was deficient. Consequently, the study concluded that the policy formulation aspects of the MSP were inadequate. The literature indicates that policy formulation and analysis is a complex undertaking and the MSP process did not meet these criteria. Amongst the limitations were limited stakeholder engagement and incomplete descriptions of the processes undertaken. In relation to the MSP’s focus on health promotion, the study found varied understanding of health promotion among the stakeholders. Some respondents were not aware of their organisation’s health promotion interventions while others believed that health promotion was limited to the health sector only. However, while national documents, such as the Namibian Constitution, advocate for ‘health investment as a just cause’ the MSPs limited inclusion of relevant stakeholders, such as the Ministry of Environment (MET) and the Information, Education and Communication (IEC) unit, restricted the ability of the MSP to offer malaria expansive programmes – that is, those beyond the health realm. Moreover, the implementation of malaria activities through the involvement of a limited range of actors in the malaria programmes will continue to perpetuate the existing narrow focus of health promotion by these stakeholders, as opposed to a more broad-base understanding. As a result malaria prevention will continue to be delivered as silo events or programmes. This poses serious implications in working towards the MSP goal of malaria elimination. Recommendations: The Ottawa Charter advocates for ‘Building healthy public policies’. This specifically refers to multi-disciplinary programmes. This study therefore recommends that the NVDCP follow existing international and national guidelines which systematically guide the development of MSPs and official health documents. Doing so would enable a more streamlined policy development process which would describe and contextualize the dimension of policy formulation, namely context, content, process and actors. It also recommends that the MSP is developed through a broad-based collaborative stakeholder engagement process which would facilitate an appropriately integrated inter-sectoral approach to malaria in the country.
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Awat, Joselito G. Pantyp Ramasoota. "Preventive behavior of malaria among people living along the Thai-Cambodia border, Khilonghad district, Srakaeo province /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd387/4837996.pdf.

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Kapulula, Phillip Klemens. "The role of men in promoting women’s reproductive and maternal health in a matrilineal marriage system in Malawi: the case of Ntchisi District." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4669.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This research explored the role of men in efforts by the Malawi Ministry of Health to promote women’s reproductive and maternal health in accordance with Millennium Development Goal (MDG) number five, i.e. to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. The study was conceptualised in 2011 in an effort to contribute to the national strategy to reduce maternal mortality in Malawi, and it was done in the particular cultural context of a matrilineal marriage and kinship system in Ntchisi district, Malawi. At the inception of this study, the highest prevalence of maternal deaths in the country was reported in seven districts, including Ntchisi. A common understanding in public health circles worldwide is that male involvement in reproductive and maternal health activities is an important factor in achieving the above MDG goal. But historically, research on maternal health in Malawi has focused mostly on women and children. Consequently there are only a small number of relevant previous studies or extant literature to draw on for the current investigation. Malawi’s reproductive and maternal health policies largely lack locally-informed research on men and masculinities. My study aimed to explore the relationship between local constructions of masculinity, fatherhood and reproductive health in Malawi among Chichewa speakers who live in Ntchisi. It was guided by the social constructionist theory which recognises the role of the impersonal features of the social world like cultural, personal and group influences in the construction of ideas, knowledge and facts. In this study I adopted an inductive approach to learning in which the participants were the main players in describing and explaining social phenomena as they are constructed and experienced in the research site. I conducted multiple in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 53 married men, key informant interviews with eight local leaders and traditional birth attendants, as well as focus group discussions with 12 married women who had given birth multiple times. Data analysis involved intensive scrutiny of transcripts to determine prevailing themes. Listening to the tapes and re-reading these transcripts enabled me to detect patterns and categorise different practices and constructions, to find associations between these practices and constructions of concepts. Malawi’s men are considered to be the traditional gatekeepers of maternal and social ideals. Therefore, as elders in a clan or as husbands, their prompt decisions can facilitate the access of their spouses to maternal and reproductive health services. Men as heads of households and decision makers can also support and enable their wives to follow the recommended maternal health counsel. However, men’s “lack of involvement” is not the principal reason why there is increasing maternal challenges among child-bearing women in Ntchisi. Although men are not entirely free of the blame for contributing to the status quo, they already work hard towards ensuring positive pregnancy outcomes for their spouses. The study found that husbands in Ntchisi have long been involved in pregnancy and child care. The study shows that pregnancy is regarded as a liminal state or as a kind of “sickness”. Male involvement in pregnancy means the man should take over the routine household chores of drawing water, fetching firewood and cooking, among other things. However, men construct their involvement in reproductive and maternal health matters in the framework of masculinity and femininity as dictated by the commonly held beliefs of a matrilineal Chewa grouping. The study showed that masculinities are constructed within the context of a matrilineal system, which has nonetheless been changing largely due to the colonial impact of the United Kingdom, the related influences of Christian and westernised social ideals and an education system based on the British model. Men’s gendered practices in reproduction and parenting have foundations in the initiation rites of the secret Nyau societies where the masculine ideals of sexuality and secrecy are inculcated. This research cannot be generally extrapolated to the wider population in Malawi but it is a starting point for understanding the responses of matrilineal Chichewa speaking men to reproductive and maternal health matters. Further and broader research on the construction of fatherhood and masculinity is needed in Malawi to make it possible for public health policy on reproductive and maternal health to be more culturally informed.
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Udenweze, Ifeanyi Livinus. "Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Health-Seeking Behavior on Malaria in Pregnancy." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7438.

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Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health challenge in Nigeria despite the fund appropriation for malaria control. The health challenges of malaria in pregnancy vary with populations and there is limited knowledge on the impact of the socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior on malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria. The objective of this cross-sectional quantitative survey was to examine whether socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior predict malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria using the social cognitive theoretical model. The data from a 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey was used in this study. Data were analyzed using chi-square, binary, and multivariate logistics regression analyses. The study demonstrated that socioeconomic status (wealth index/income [Poorest: OR 2.709, 95% CI 1.869-3.928, p 0.000; Poorer: OR 1.791, 95% CI 1.256-2.555, p 0.00] and no education: OR 2.868, 95% CI 1.761-4.671, p 0.000) made significant contributions in predicting malaria in pregnancy. The research results also showed that socioeconomic status is a predictor of health-seeking behavior (wealth index/income [Poorest: OR 0.414, 95% CI 0.244-0.705, p 0.001], no education: OR 0.329, 95% CI 0.174-0.622, p 0.001 and primary education: OR 0.348, 95% CI 0.191-0.636, p 0.001). Additionally, the study findings showed that malaria in pregnancy determined the choice of formal health-seeking behavior by pregnant women (malaria in pregnancy: OR 0.551, 95% CI 0.469-0.648, p 0.000). The results of this research might guide Nigeria's Ministry of Health to develop approaches on women empowerment that would focus on socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior of women such as programs to improve women's education and income generation.
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Books on the topic "Health promotion – Malawi"

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Franco, Ciro. Employer-based programs in maternal and child health: Project HOPE's strategy for attaining long-term sustainability of health promotion in Malawi. Arlington, Va: Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival, 1997.

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Cold war, deadly fevers: Malaria eradication in Mexico, 1955-1975. Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2007.

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Chevalier, Christopher. "Seeing is believing": Social research into Dengue fever, malaria, and mosquitoes, in Honiara, Solomon Islands, and recommendations for health promotion. Honiara, Solomon Islands: Secretariat for the Pacific Community, Pacific Regional Vector Borne Disease Program, 1999.

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Okazawa, T. Biting cycle of malaria vectors in Solomon Islands. Honiara, Solomon Islands: Malaria Training and Medical Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, 1990.

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Stepan, Nancy. Eradication: Ridding the world of diseases forever? Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univeristy Press, 2011.

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Health promotion for low-income groups: Programming strategies. Chicago, Ill: American Hospital Association, 1989.

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Health Promotion for Low Income Groups: Programming Strategies. Health Forum, 1989.

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Cold War, Deadly Fevers: Malaria Eradication in Mexico, 1955-1975. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.

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Cueto, Marcos. Cold War, Deadly Fevers: Malaria Eradication in Mexico, 1955--1975 (Woodrow Wilson Center Press). The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

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Dishman, Rod K., Gregory W. Heath, and I.-Min Lee. Physical Activity Epidemiology. Human Kinetics, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health promotion – Malawi"

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Zitouni, Naoual. "State of Three Parasitic Diseases in Morocco: Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Leishmaniasis." In Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Developing Countries, 105–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34702-4_9.

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Bertrand-Dansereau, Anaïs. "‘If You Cannot Control Yourself’." In Strings Attached. British Academy, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265680.003.0010.

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In Malawi, as elsewhere in southern Africa, faith-based organisations (FBOs) have been integrated in the official response to HIV/AIDS. This new role, and the funding that accompanies it, has professionalised their traditional care activities around AIDS patients, widows and orphans, and it has also put them in charge of HIV prevention. As HIV preventers, they are asked to bridge epistemic differences between conflicting notions of sexuality and morality by reconciling public health messages, Christian teachings and local cosmologies. This becomes challenging when it comes to the question of sexuality education, specifically the promotion of abstinence, and condom use. Many FBO leaders’ response to this challenge is nuanced and defies stereotypes, as they try to balance their concern for young people, the demands of donors and the moral imperatives of their faith.
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"Adult health promotion." In Oxford Handbook of Primary Care and Community Nursing, edited by Judy Brook, Caroline McGraw, and Val Thurtle, 333–442. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831822.003.0008.

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Health promotion aims to enable people to increase control over their health as well as cause an overall improvement. It includes individual, social, and environmental interventions. This chapter covers group health promotion, community approaches to health, and the role of the expert patient. It then covers areas in which health promotion can be highlighted in adults, including principles of good nutrition, obesity, malnutrition, home food safety, exercise, smoking cessation, managing stress, and alcohol advice. It outlines UK screening programmes, the menopause, healthy ageing, ways of preventing cancers (skin, bowel, breast, cervical, and testicular), travel health promotion (including vaccinations and a topic on malaria), different types of contraception, and pregnancy from preconception, antenatal care, maternity rights, common problems in pregnancy, birth options, and postnatal care.
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Peprah, James Atta, and Charles Buonbah. "Can Access to Microfinance Reduce HIV Prevalence among Women?" In Global Strategies in Banking and Finance, 135–57. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4635-3.ch009.

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Microfinance has been heralded by many as the magic bullet, able to empower marginalized populations by investing into their agency. It has been growing at an average rate of about 40%, and providers have shown interest in reducing HIV prevalence and promoting health educational attainment among beneficiaries’ children especially among women who are vulnerable in most societies. Advocates of microfinance interventions have often stated it aims at improving lives by enabling clients to launch and nurture their own small businesses and enterprises so that they can become independent and improve their livelihoods. However, complementary to microfinance strategy is to assist clients in generating income and growing assets from the impact of crises events such as HIV and related diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Sub-Saharan Africa as compared to the rest of the world faces a serious HIV epidemic and the poor in general and women in particular are mostly at risk. This group of people is also the target for microfinance initiatives. The study reviews some theoretical and empirical literature about poverty, HIV and microfinance. The chapter establishes the fact that if microfinance can reduce poverty then it could also be used as a tool for preventing HIV infection. Policy recommendation that will enable microfinance institutions to contribute to the prevention of HIV, and its related diseases are offered.
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Akinyinka Akinwumi, Kazeeem, Oluwole Olusoji Eleyowo, and Omolara Omowunmi Oladipo. "A Review on the Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Effect of Luffa cylindrica." In Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98405.

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Luffa cylindrica, popularly known as sponge gourd is a tropic and sub-tropical fibrous plant with fruits containing black seeds. The fruit is consumed by humans as a vegetable in many parts of Asia, while different parts of the plant are used for cosmetics and as medicine in many parts of the globe. The plant has been used in the treatment of many ailments including nose cancer, snake venom, wound healing, edema, enterobiasis, filaria, whooping cough, stomach upset, stomach pain and malaria. Many health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids (apigenin-7- glucuronide luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester, -O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester), phenolics acids (p-Coumaric, gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic), triterpenoids (oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid), saponins (Lucyoside A-M), tannins (catechin), ribosome-inactivating proteins (α- luffin), carotenoids (9 -cis neoxanthin, all-trans-lutein, all-trans-β-carotene), chlorophylls (chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin), cucurbitacin B and gypsogenin have been detected or isolated from different parts of the plants. Extracts of the plant and isolated compounds have wide spectrum pharmacological activities and have been shown to possess antiemetic, antidiabetic, antiviral, wound healing, anticancer, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-bacteria, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and hepato-protective effects in animal models. However, further information is needed on its safety and mechanisms of action. The present article is an updated review of the ethnobotanical uses, pharmacological actions, phytochemistry, safety, and future application of Luffa cylindrica in translational medicine.
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Conference papers on the topic "Health promotion – Malawi"

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Sumarni, Sumarni, and Farida Kartini. "Experience of Adolescent Mothers During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.28.

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Background: Every year, around 14 million women and girls aged 15 to 19 (both married and unmarried) give birth. This age group might lead to negative outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth. This scoping review aimed to identify the outcomes of adolescent pregnancy and its contributing factors. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 307 articles were obtained by the searched database. After the review process, seven articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Six articles from developing countries (Brazil, Mexico, Zambia, Malawi, and Romania) and one report from developed countries (Australia) met the inclusion criteria with qualitative, quantitative (cross-sectional), and descriptive studies. The existing studies stated that adolescent pregnancy had adverse effects on both mother and babies’ health and well-being. Young maternal age is associated with low parity, lack of prenatal care, premature, and low birth weight. Factors contributed to the increased adolescent pregnancy rate were early sexual initiation, low use of contraception, low educational level, low socioeconomic status, inadequate knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, and gender disparity. Conclusion: Young maternal age contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes of both mothers and babies. Early sexual health education and health promotion on teenage girls may reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy rates. Keywords: adolescent pregnancy, birth outcome, maternal age Correspondence: Sumarni. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: sumarnipino21@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282346354512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.28
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Sholihah, Imrok Atus, Hanung Prasetya, and Vitri Widyaningsih. "Factors Affecting the Decision to Choose School of Acupuncture." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.39.

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ABSTRACT Background: Education paves for students to help them attain the right knowledge they require to make a better life out for themselves and for the society around them. There are many factors and variables that need to be considered when making the decision to choose school. This study aimed to examine factors affecting the decision to choose school of acupuncture. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Surakarta, Soepraoen Polytechnics in Malang, and Academy of Acupuncture Surabaya. A sample of 300 college students was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was decision to choose school of acupunc-ture. The independent variables were career guidance, academic program, education cost, financial support, college reputation, college promotion, parental support, and location. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The decision to choose school of acupuncture increased by good career guidance (OR= 19.39; 95% CI= 3.84 to 97.84; p<0.001), good academic program (OR= 11.69; 95% CI= 2.57 to 53.19; p= 0.001), low education cost (OR= 11.89; 95% CI= 2.68 to 52.75; p= 0.001), high college reputation (OR= 10.71; 95% CI= 2.16 to 53.22; p= 0.004), good college promotion (OR= 6.03; 95% CI= 1.40 to 25.93; p= 0.016), financial support (OR= 22.66; 95% CI= 4.45 to 115.46; p<0.001), strategic location (OR= 9.54; 95% CI= 2.35 to 38.68; p= 0.002), and strong parental support (OR= 26.84; 95% CI= 5.74 to 125.52; p<0.001). Conclusion: The decision to choose school of acupuncture increases by good career guidance, good academic program, low education cost, high college reputation, good education promotion, financial support, strategic location, and strong family support. Keywords: school of acupuncture, decision Correspondence: Imrok Atus Sholihah, Pascasarjana Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir.Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: imrokatussho-lihah6@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281225210252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.39
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Hanurawan, Fattah, Indah Yasminum Suhanti, and Aryudho Widyatno. "Health Promotion Based on the Five Principles “Pancasila” to Manage Aggressive Behavior on Campus in Malang, East Java." In The 4th International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2018.02.25.

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Lestari, Dian Yuliartha, Gita Sekar Prihanti, and Tutut Widya Anggraini. "HEALTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON WOMAN KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ABOUT CERVICAL CANCER AND PAP SMEAR IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER KENDAL KEREP MALANG." In International Conference on Public Health. The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/icoph.2017.3208.

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