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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health sciences|Public health|Epidemiology / Dissertations / Theses

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Health sciences|Public health|Epidemiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kim, David A. "Social Networks and Health: From Epidemiology to Intervention." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17465311.

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This dissertation applies network science to three foundational problems in: epidemiology (the social gradient in mortality), health economics (the geographic variation in health care spending), and public health (the diffusion of knowledge and behavioral change). Chapter 1 investigates the relationship between social network position and fibrinogen, a biomarker of inflammation and cardiac risk. Socially isolated individuals face elevated rates of illness and death not explained by behavior alone. Conventional measures of social connectedness reflect an individual’s perceived network and are

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2

Guevarra, Crystle. "Fontana Community Health Assessment." Thesis, Western University of Health Sciences, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10112508.

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<p> Obesity often arises from poor diet and lack of exercise. Food deserts, in particular, cause people to develop poor eating habits because of the limited healthy food options and availability to cheap fast food chains. People affected by food deserts are usually found in communities of color and low-income areas. The purpose of the study was to identify whether Fontana residents are willing to adopt healthier lifestyles based on the perceptions about their own health and the health of the community. Mixed method research was utilized for the study. The participants in the study included adu

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West, Julie Ann. "Factors Associated With Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Prevalence in U.S. Medical Laboratory Microbiologists." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607454.

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<p> Prior research has indicated that healthcare personnel (HCP) who work in areas where <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> poses an occupational hazard are at high risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity and subsequent conversion to active tuberculosis (TB). U.S. medical laboratory microbiologists confront similar hazards but have not been studied outside of the HCP aggregate. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by examining the relationships between the predictor variables of self-reported history of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization, place of birth, and yea

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Arku, Raphael E. "Poverty, Energy Use, Air Pollution and Health in Ghana: A Spatial Analysis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121156.

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Some of the major themes that characterize the relationship between the environment and population health in the developing world today include poverty, household access to clean cooking fuel, air pollution, sanitation, and infant/child and maternal health. My dissertation research incorporates some of these themes at the interface of community and household energy in the context of economic development in Ghana. Specifically, my dissertation focuses on features of household energy and poverty in both rural and urban areas, as well as air pollution, and child and maternal health in growing u

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Olsen, Jennifer. "Infodemiology to improve public health situational awareness| An investigation of 2010 pertussis outbreaks in California, Michigan and Ohio." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562785.

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<p> As a disease emerges, one of the greatest challenges for public health practitioners is to differentiate between a normal event and a serious outbreak. Typically, information from official sources and surveillance systems had been the only resource. More recently, the field of infodemiology has emerged with a focus on the distribution and determinants of health information on the internet. This research compared official reports of whooping cough with infodemiology sources, specifically news articles, search engine patterns, and Twitter, to assess the timeliness, accuracy, and correlati

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Colantonio, Sophia. "Evaluation of Opt-Out HIV Screening in Family Planning Sites." Thesis, Yale University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548082.

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<p> <b>Background</b>: In September 2006, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended changing to opt-out screening of HIV for all patients in all health-care settings and for all pregnant women as part of the routine panel of prenatal screening. In opt-out HIV testing, a health care provider verbally informs the patient that the test will be performed and consent is assumed unless they refuse. Earlier opt-in HIV testing guidelines required informed written consent and was targeted at high-risk populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of opt-out

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Liu, Aihua 1970. "Predictors of smoking cessation in adults from two low socio-economic status communities in Montreal, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98752.

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Objectives. Few studies have identified longitudinal predictors of smoking cessation in disadvantaged communities. This study identified predictors of cessation in a 5-year longitudinal cohort of adults aged 18-65 years and living in low-income, inner-city neighborhoods of Montreal, Canada.<br>Methods. Secondary analysis of data from the non-randomized evaluation of Coeur en Sante St. Henri, a community-based intervention program designed to decrease cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) factors. Data on lifestyle behaviors were collected in telephone interviews of a representative sample of resid

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Alfieri, Carolina. "Proposal of an ethics-based framework for prioritization of scarce resources during an influenza pandemic." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97886.

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The goal of pandemic influenza planning is to minimize health and economic losses in the event of a future pandemic. One of the numerous challenges associated with this goal is the need to ration limited medical supplies such as vaccines and antivirals. This thesis seeks to formulate an ethical framework for priority access to these resources. Prioritization strategies must be consistent with the goal of pandemic planning and should reflect societal norms for equitable distribution. According to an ethics framework based on the principles of utility and equity, three groups were granted highes

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Tan, Michael Chung-Yin 1974. "Tuberculosis screening of long-term visitors from low incidence to high incidence countries : a cost-effectiveness study." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98505.

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This study compared the cost-effectiveness of four tuberculosis (TB) control strategies for detecting and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among long-term travellers to countries where TB incidence is elevated. The decision analysis considered hypothetical cohorts of travellers from Canada and the United States (U.S.) to Mexico, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. Strategy I consisted of screening for incident infection via two-step tuberculin skin testing prior to travel and skin testing upon return from abroad, followed by standard LTBI treatment with isoniazid for skin test conv

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Punthakee, Zubin. "Adiponectin : distribution, and associations with age, sex, adiposity, lifestyle factors, family history and insulin resistance in children and adolescents." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101736.

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Adiponectin is inversely related to obesity, insulin resistance and progression to type 2 diabetes in adults. However its distribution, determinants and its association with insulin resistance (IR) are less well studied in the pediatric population. The objectives of this study were to describe, in youth, the age- and sex-specific distribution of adiponectin concentrations, and its association with demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, parental diabetes, and markers of JR. This study was a secondary analysis of a sample of 1632 French Canadian youth aged 9, 13 and 16 years who par

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Nagoski, Emily. "An agent based model of disease diffusion in the context of heterogeneous sexual motivation." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223076.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 2006.<br>"Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 2, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3087. Advisers: David Lohrmann; Erick Janssen.

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Huthmaker, Julie Weisenbacher. "Improving Dengue fever knowledge, attitude, and practices in primary school children in Florida through animation." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685619.

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<p> Background: Incident rates of dengue fever are rapidly increasing worldwide. Contributing factors including climate change, urbanization, globalization, and vector mutation, are creating significant public health challenges. Dengue fever has no vaccination, and no cure; therefore prevention through vector control is the primary method of public protection. Research indicates that community involvement is critical in achieving vector control, and that children, disproportionally burdened by this disease, are an effective and appropriate population to target with interventions. Innovative, s

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Landry, Lisa M. "Development and exploration of a multidimensional measure of pregnancy desire from the national survey of family growth." Thesis, The University of Texas School of Public Health, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1568473.

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<p> In the United States, half of all pregnancies are classified as unintended. This measure fails to capture the complexity of cognitive and affective processes that result in conflicted or ambivalent attitudes toward pregnancy. Accurately measuring women's reproductive plans is essential for providing appropriate interventions to improve maternal-child health. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of pregnancy ambivalence by estimating a multidimensional measure of pregnancy desire in the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth data, and to examine the social and demographi

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DeVita, Deborah A. "Cohort study of persons with human T-cell lymphotropic virus." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359545.

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Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu. "Malaria Vector Control in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impact and Economic Evaluation of Larviciding." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14117762.

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The last decade witnessed the important scaled-up of malaria control interventions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is now renewed impetus to achieve the long-term goal of malaria elimination and reducing vectorial capacity of the Anopheles mosquito is a necessary first step towards this objective. Relying solely on the two pillars of malaria vector control (i.e., insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying) will be insufficient to achieve elimination in much of SSA, however. Larval Source Management, and larviciding in particular, could play an important role in areas where breedi

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Lu, Yuan. "Impact of Multiple Risk Factors and Preventive Interventions on Cardiovascular Diseases and Disparities." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14117763.

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Major cardiovascular risk factors have changed over the past 3-4 decades throughout the world. While adiposity and diabetes are rising worldwide, blood pressure and cholesterol are declining in high-income and even some middle-income countries, possibly due to improvements in diet or better diagnosis and treatment; the same risk factors have remained unchanged or even increased in low-income countries. To formulate effective prevention and health system policies, there is need to understand the implications of these diverse trends for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This dissertation focuses

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Carere, Deanna Alexis. "Predictive Genetic Testing Using Common Variants: Evidence and Translation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121162.

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Starting with the publication of the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2005, the last decade has seen the identification of thousands of novel genetic susceptibility loci. These common, low-penetrance single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with myriad phenotypes, ranging from benign (e.g., skin and hair pigmentation) to medically informative (e.g., risk of Alzheimer’s disease), and, in a few cases, clinically actionable (e.g., genotype-guided dosing of the anti-coagulant warfarin). While the clinical applications of GWAS findings remain limited, the commercial

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Krishna, Aditi. "Social and Intergenerational Determinants of Children’s Physical and Cognitive Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23205171.

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Identifying the key determinants of poor developmental outcomes is critical in improving the lives of millions of children who suffer from poor physical growth and cognitive deficits. Much research suggests that early life conditions, particularly those experienced within the household, critically influence children’s development across the life course. In this dissertation exercise, I explore how three dimensions of early experiences – prenatal conditions, parental education, and household socioeconomic conditions – influence children’s physical and cognitive development. Chapter 1 finds that

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Seals, Ryan M. "Risk Factors for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23205175.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive debilitating disease of the upper and lower motor neurons. Median survival of ALS patients is consistently estimated at between 2-3 years from symptom onset, with some evidence that survival is increasing due to improved care. There are few well-established risk factors for ALS, and there is conflicting evidence regarding the trends in ALS incidence and mortality over the past several decades. In Chapter I we investigate the trends in ALS incidence and mortality in Denmark between 1970 and 2009. We employed age-period-cohort models to model

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Tauheed, Jannah. "Arsenic, Lead and Manganese as Risk Factors for Child and Maternal Neurotoxicity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201739.

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Metals such as arsenic, lead and manganese are naturally occurring elements readily found in the earth’s crust. Numerous studies have shown that these metals can be neurotoxic though the exact mechanism remains unknown. In our neurobehavioral study, we found a significant association between prenatal lead concentrations and the scores of Adaptive Skills domain of the BASC-2 (β = -5.99, p-value 0.025). Positive cognitive home environment was consistently associated with better neurobehavioral outcomes. In our investigation, we found that arsenic was significantly associated with increased postp

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Carrier, Marc. "Should we screen patients with venous thromboembolism for previously undiagnosed malignancy? A systematic review and pilot trial." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27668.

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Statement of the problem. Malignancy screening for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is controversial. Methods of investigation. A systematic review was performed to quantify the additional value of an extensive malignancy screening strategy compared to a more limited screen. A pilot study assessing the utility of a comprehensive computed tomography as a malignancy screening tool was performed. Results. The systematic review demonstrated that an extensive malignancy screening strategy increases the proportion of previously undiagnosed malignancy detected from 49.5% (95% CI: 40.5-58.5)

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McGuire, Marissa. "Poverty, food insecurity and overweightobesity in the Canadian population." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27890.

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This study, based on the Canadian Community Health Survey (2004), examined the relationship between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Canadian adults by sex and family type using logistic regression analysis; we also provided an environmental scan of policies, programs and initiatives to address food insecurity. In our final adjusted models, food insecure women with hunger were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese than food secure women [OR=2.3, CI=1.2, 4.3]. Our environmental scan revealed broad recognition of the importance of addressing food insecurity and concrete re

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Heidebrecht, Christine L. "Tuberculosis surveillance in Cape Town, South Africa: Evaluation and development of a trial protocol." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27986.

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The need to consistently evaluate surveillance systems is vital; without periodic evaluation, decisions informed by surveillance information may be based on incomplete or erroneous data. This evaluation of Cape Town's tuberculosis surveillance system was based on the CDC's Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, modified to reflect the specific context of a high burden of tuberculosis in a Middle-Income country, and emphasizing the importance of public health action that is informed by surveillance data. Findings indicate that: limitations regarding tuberculosis-h

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Rodosthenous, Rodosthenis. "Micrornas in Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Biomarkers in Environmental Epidemiology." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201751.

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Despite important achievements of Environmental Epidemiology in identifying major environmental health problems in recent years, little is known about the underlying biological mechanisms that link environmental exposures to certain outcomes. Recent discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel mechanism of cellular communication has opened new avenues for non-invasive access to subclinical molecular signals, which might help exposing such mechanisms. In this work, we evaluate the potential of microRNAs, molecular signals that are contained in EVs circulating in the blood, as biomarkers

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Ogbu, Christopher O. "Effect of Placard Grading on Food Safety in Retail Food Facilities." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3733952.

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<p> Most people have had an episode of foodborne illness at one time or another; however, the majority of those stricken with foodborne illness fails to associate ill health with something consumed within the past 72 hours. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that foodborne diseases affect 30% of the population in developed countries, and that in developing countries, about 2 million people die yearly due to foodborne illness. Previous researchers have indicated that food handlers with poor personal hygiene are potential sources of infection. Although public health agencies in many c

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Kim, Renita S. "Fetal fibronectin, cervical length, and the risk of preterm birth in patients with an ultrasound or physical exam indicated cervical cerclage." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10044083.

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<p> Objective: To estimate the risk of preterm birth in patients with an ultrasound or physical exam indicated cervical cerclage based on the results of fetal fibronectin (fFN) and cervical length (CL) screening. </p><p> Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with a singleton pregnancy and an ultrasound or physical exam indicated Shirodkar cerclage placed by one maternal-fetal medicine practice from November 2005 – January 2015. Patients routinely underwent serial CL and fFN testing from 22-32 weeks. Based on ROC curve analysis, a short CL was defined as ≤15mm. All fFN and CL res

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Miles, Caleb Hilliard. "Semiparametric Methods for Causal Mediation Analysis and Measurement Error." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845420.

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Chapter 1: Since the early 2000s, evidence has accumulated for a significant differential effect of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment outcomes, such as CD4 response and viral load suppression. This finding was replicated in our data from the Harvard President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program in Nigeria. Investigators were interested in finding the source of these differences, i.e., understanding the mechanisms through which one regimen outperforms another, particularly via adherence. This amounts to a mediation que

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Reilly, Amanda. "Effective Allocation of Reactive Cholera Vaccines: A One or Two Dose Campaign?" Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417579.

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Every year for the past five years, over 100,000 cases of cholera have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Though cholera is by no means a new disease, its containment in low-income countries has proved impossible with traditional measures such as WASH interventions. To supplement these far-reaching interventions, the WHO has proposed and begun to amass a reactive vaccine stockpile. As outbreaks are reported, the WHO intends to evaluate them and determine if a reactive vaccination supplement is appropriate. Understanding how to optimally allocate reactive vaccines is esse

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Shah, Neel A. "Impact of Diabetes on Colorectal Cancer Outcomes." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3538202.

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<p> Diabetes is one of the most common chronic comorbid condition seen in elderly CRC patients. Outcomes of CRC patients with diabetes specifically stage at diagnosis, emergency condition for CRC surgery, survival, and mortality have been insufficiently explored. The aims of the study were to investigate the association between diabetes and stage at diagnosis of CRC in elderly Medicare beneficiaries; to check the association of diabetes with presenting as an emergency condition for CRC surgery in the elderly and; to explore the effect of diabetes on survival of elderly Medicare beneficiaries w

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Kelvin, Osuala. "Predictors of Full Childhood Immunization Status in Owerri, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3684980.

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<p> Full (complete) childhood immunization against tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, yellow fever, measles, and the maternal retention of immunization documentation are the most cost-effective interventions against vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. The full childhood immunization rate in Nigeria has not reached the expected target level of compliance at 90%. Using the social ecological model, this study investigated the influence of maternal satisfaction with postnatal services and paternal support on full childhood immunization status; it also examined the

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Wilkosz, Mary Ellen. "Risk factors contributing to overweight, decreased physical activity and body dissatisfaction in California adolescents." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359568.

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Cuttler, Sasha J. "Risk factors for all-cause mortality during treatment for active tuberculosis in San Francisco, 1995--2004." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339184.

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Huang, Tianyi. "Psychosocial Factors, Lifestyle and Risk of Ovarian Cancer." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121145.

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Current prevention recommendations for ovarian cancer are limited, and the underlying etiology is not fully elucidated. The associations of common modifiable factors, such as psychosocial and lifestyle factors, with ovarian cancer risk need to be more fully evaluated. Thus, I examined the association of ovarian cancer with depression, physical activity, hypertension, and antihypertensive medication use among participants from two prospective cohort studies: the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% co

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Zhong, Jia. "Do Nutrients Counteract the Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Air Particles? The Role of Immuno-Epigenetics in Observational and Intervention Studies." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201716.

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Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Identifying modifiable factors and preventative strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular effect of PM2.5 is essential to aid the development of personalized intervention. Method: Chapter one and two were based on a crossover human intervention trial using B vitamin supplementation (2.5 mg/d folic acid, 50 mg/d vitamin B6, and 1 mg/d vitamin B12). Ten volunteer received three two-hour controlled exposure experiments to medical air or PM2.5 (250μg/m3), in pre-determined order. Chapter three

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Dai, Lingzhen. "Health Effects of PM2.5 and Its Components on Mortality, Blood Pressure, and DNA Methylation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32644533.

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Epidemiological studies have examined the association between PM2.5 mass and mortality, but there remains uncertainty about the relative importance of species. PM2.5 contains various species, such as organic carbon, elemental carbon, and metals. Determining the differential toxicity of PM2.5 species and identifying species with greatest toxicity is of great importance to emission-control strategies and regulations. In the dissertation thesis, effects of PM2.5 species on health outcomes on different levels were estimated. The first study examined the association between PM2.5 species and mort

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Labilles, Ulysses. "Pathopoiesis Mechanism of Smoking and Shared Genes in Pancreatic Cancer." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10624503.

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<p> Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a significant, unresolved issue because of its complex genetic blueprint and lack of reliable detection markers. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible correlation between tobacco use, gender, and age in the etiopathogenesis of PC and other cancer types with a shared-gene association (CTSG-A). The unified paradigm of cancer causation was used to understand the pathopoiesis mechanism of smoking and shared genes in PC. A cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data from the cancer survivorship module of the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor

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Schneider, Verena. "Association of selective and conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with acute renal failure." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98793.

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The safety of the novel class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the COX-2 inhibitors, is currently debated, with the focus on their cardiovascular toxicity. Here, the association of NSAIDs with acute renal failure (ARF) was assessed in a nested case-control study using the administrative databases of Quebec.<br>The risk of ARF for all NSAIDs combined was highest within 30 days of treatment initiation (adjusted rate ratio (RR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61 - 2.60) and receded thereafter. After at least 30 days without an NSAID-prescription, the risk had returned to bas

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Gawande, Richa. "Investigating the Rates and Drivers of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17464245.

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The emergence and transmission of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) calls for urgency in understanding the barriers to effective treatment. Here we developed a chemostat cultivation system to measure the mycobacterial mutation rate during periods of slow growth versus fast growth. We found that mutants accumulated at the same rate per unit time during slow growth and during fast growth, suggesting that mutation rate does not vary in accordance with growth rate. By competing genetically barcoded mutant strains at fast and slow growth rates and using a mathematical mo

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Roncarati, Jill S. "Examining the Mortality of an Unsheltered Homeless Cohort From Boston, MA, 2000 Through 2009." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32644540.

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Purpose: This dissertation addressed a gap in homelessness literature by examining mortality outcomes of an unsheltered cohort and by applying criteria developed at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP) to predict mortality. Methods: A 10-year prospective study was conducted with 445 unique unsheltered individuals. Data were collected during encounters with BHCHP’s Street Team clinicians, an integrated program providing care to homeless adults living outside. Decedent data were matched to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health death occurrence files. Analyses include

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Dow, Darcie. "Analysis and review of analytic approaches to dealing with post-randomized ineligible patients resulting from a change in post-randomization disease-state ascertainment." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27351.

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In a series of three parts, this thesis explores the available approaches to analyze post-randomized ineligible patients. Part one: a comprehensive systematic review yielding 18 unique articles from the Medline and the Cochrane Methodology Register databases. Part two: the methods found from the review were applied to a dataset where 23% of the patients in the experimental treatment group were found to be post-randomized ineligible patients. The results of this exercise revealed that little can be done when these patients exist and the best approach to dealing with them is to carefully choose

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Guerra, Luis Antonio Caldas. "Developing a research program for intravesical oxybutynin in children with poorly compliant neurogenic bladders." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27518.

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Statement of the problem. Children with neurogenic bladders and poor bladder compliance are usually managed with bladder catheterization and oral anticholinergic medication. They may become non-responders to the drug or present with severe harms. Oxybutynin intravesically is an alternative therapy. Methods. CHEO experience (case series) with intravesical oxybutynin. Systematic review of the literature of intravesical oxybutynin in children with neurogenic bladders. Protocol for a RCT is proposed. Results. CHEO case series and the systematic review suggest intravesical oxybutynin is effective a

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Carswell, Kendra. "Psychosocial predictors of smoking and alcohol use in Canadian pediatric cancer survivors: Structural equation modeling." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27452.

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Survivors of pediatric cancer should avoid smoking and heavy alcohol use due to health risks associated with intensive cancer treatments they received. Data were analyzed from a multi-centre, population-based study of pediatric cancer survivors in Canada (n=1231) and a frequency matched control group (n=1372). Logistic regression analyses showed that survivors were significantly less likely to be smokers and alcohol drinkers than the controls. Still, a substantial proportion of survivors were smokers (23%), binge drinkers (25%), alcohol drinkers (69%) and concurrent users (20%). Low education,

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Patrick, John R. "The effect of CardioNet home telemonitoring for congestive heart failure patients| An observational research study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583294.

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<p> Congestive heart failure (CHF) afflicts millions of Americans, and accounts for the largest share of rehospitalization of patients. Readmission rates for CHF patients have been high for more than a decade, resulting in unfavorable outcomes for patients and hospitals. One potential solution element is telemonitoring in the home. Allowing cardiologists to monitor patients with chronic diseases remotely has been shown to reduce hospital readmissions. This observational research (OR) study was based on anonymous secondary data from a CardioNet telemonitoring study conducted by a community teac

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Feigl, Andrea B. "Managing Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Developing Countries: Tobacco Control, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Surveillance, and Diabetes Prevention." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121160.

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Non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental illnesses) and associated risk factors (unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity) are on the rise in developing countries, posing a threat to the health and financial systems of emerging economies. In response, international organizations and Ministries of Health alike have started to tackle chronic diseases and associated risk factors with policies and treatment programs. Yet to this day, the body of evidence for best practices regarding th

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Soujaa, Ismail. "Perceptions of Public Health Professionals and Emergency Managers: Using the Institutional Collective Action Framework to Better Understand Coordination during Health Crisis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609088/.

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The objective of this dissertation is to test the Institutional Collective Action framework and examine the governance arrangements during health emergency. Basically, the dissertation argues that due to collaborative risks, transaction costs, barriers to collective action, governance arrangement provides avenues for action and a force for driving coordination across jurisdictional boundaries. The dissertation adopts two studies to investigate the governance arrangements represented by lead agency, emergency plans, Emergency Operation Center and city council mandates and coordination when it c

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Beckstrand, Margaret. "The Distribution of Type 1 Diabetes Onset in the United States by Demographic Factors." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3702522.

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<p> Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic and lifelong condition, often diagnosed in childhood. Patients with T1D are at elevated risks of associated health complications, comorbidities, and mortality. Occurrence, clinical presentation, and complications related to T1D differ by age of onset, ethnicity, and gender. The last reported population-based estimates regarding the burden of T1D in children using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were published in 2008, and these estimates were not well stratified by age of onset, ethnicity, and gender. The purpose of this stud

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Owusu, Daniel, Ke Sheng Wang, Megan Quinn, Jocelyn Aibangbee, Rijo M. John, and Hadii M. Mamudu. "Health Care Provider Intervention and Utilization of Cessation Assistance in 12 Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty028.

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Background and Aim: There is a need to improve utilization of cessation assistance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and tobacco cessation research has been identified as priority in LMICs. This study evaluates the relationship between health care provider intervention and cessation assistance utilization in LMICs. Methods: Data from 13 967 participants (aged ≥15 years, 90.3% males) of the Global AdultsTobacco Survey conducted in 12 LMICs (74.3%-97.3% response rates) were analyzed with utilization of counseling/cessation clinic, WHO-recommended medications, and quitline as outcome v

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Elam, Kara. "Patients Evaluated for Liver Transplant: Transplant List Denial and Subsequent Outcomes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1728.

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Background: The evaluation process for listing a patient on the liver transplant list is complicated and involves multiple consultations from various specialists, as well as extensive imaging and physiological studies. Although there are data on the outcomes of those listed, we know little about those that are denied listing. This research project will identify the reasons for liver transplant listing denial and predictors of death following denial for this challenging group of patients. Methods: Data from all patients (n=1,500) evaluated for a liver transplant from 1997 to 2007 by the Depa

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Thompson, Tammie. "Physical activity among diabetic individuals according to diabetic treatment type." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1729.

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Purpose: To evaluate the physical activity patterns of diabetic adults by the type of treatment they received Method: The study used secondary data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2006. NHANES is a continuous study which measures the health and nutritional status of non-institutionalized citizens in the United States. To be eligible for the study, participants had to be an adult 18 years or older who responded during the interview phase of the survey that they had diabetes. Participants with any missing data pertaining to the variables we

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Prorock-Ernest, Amy. "A Culturally-Relevant, Emergent Approach to Exploring the Needs, Strengths, and Priorities of Tribal Communities in Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1812.

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Little is known about the health of the indigenous peoples in Virginia. When compared to the total U.S. population, indigenous peoples nationwide disproportionately experience disparities in health status across multiple health indicators. Research shows that these disparities are largely due to the inequitable distribution of social and economic determinants present within indigenous communities. Because the indigenous peoples of Virginia are affected by inequitable social and economic conditions, there is reason to believe that health indicators may mirror that of the indigenous population a

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