Relevant bibliographies by topics / Health; socioecomic position

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Health; socioecomic position'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Health; socioecomic position"

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Nettle, Daniel, and Melissa Bateson. "Childhood and adult socioeconomic position interact to predict health in mid life in a cohort of British women." PeerJ 5 (June 29, 2017): e3528. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3528.

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Galobardes, B., J. Lynch, and G. D. Smith. "Measuring socioeconomic position in health research." British Medical Bulletin 81-82, no. 1 (2007): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldm001.

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Turner, R. Jay, Tony N. Brown, and William Beardall Hale. "Race, Socioeconomic Position, and Physical Health." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58, no. 1 (2017): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146516687008.

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A substantial and long-standing body of research supports the widely held conclusion that socioeconomic position (SEP) is a primary determinant of physical health risk. However, supporting evidence derives almost entirely from studies of dominantly white populations, and more recent research suggests that this relationship may vary across race-ethnicity. This article considers the extent to which such evidence applies to African Americans. It does so by examining the within-race relationships between SEP and physical health utilizing alternative research definitions of health and a nearly exhaustive array of measures of SEP. The results offer minimal support for SEP as a fundamental cause of disease among African Americans. They do not challenge the widely held view that health differences are rooted in the fundamental conditions of social context and experience. Rather, they indicate that these conditions tend to be defined more by being black than by being of lower SEP.
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Gianaros, Peter J., and Stephen B. Manuck. "Neurobiological Pathways Linking Socioeconomic Position and Health." Psychosomatic Medicine 72, no. 5 (2010): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e3181e1a23c.

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Moreno-Maldonado, Concepción, Pilar Ramos, Carmen Moreno, and Francisco Rivera. "Direct and Indirect Influences of Objective Socioeconomic Position on Adolescent Health: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Lifestyles." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091637.

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The use of composite indices and subjective measures to evaluate socioeconomic position, taking into account the effect of inequalities on adolescent health-related behaviors, can contribute to understanding the effect of inequalities on health during adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect contribution of objective and subjective socioeconomic factors in a broad range of health and lifestyles outcomes. The data come from a representative sample of adolescents (N = 15,340; M age = 13.69) of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study in Spain. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. A global index for evaluating objective socioeconomic position predicted both health and healthy lifestyles. Subjective socioeconomic status mediated the relationship between objective socioeconomic position and health but did not have a significant effect on healthy lifestyles when objective indicators were considered. Lastly, fit indices of the multiple-mediator model—including the direct effect of objective socioeconomic position on health and its indirect effects through the subjective perception of wealth and lifestyles—explained 28.7% of global health variance. Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of health inequalities should address, in addition to material deprivation, the psychological and behavioral consequences of feeling poor.
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Salmond, Clare, and Peter Crampton. "Measuring socioeconomic position in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 4 (2012): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12280.

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INTRODUCTION: Measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) are widely used in health research. AIM: To provide future researchers with empirically based guidance about the relative utility of five measures of SEP in predicting health outcomes. METHODS: Data from 12 488 adults were obtained from the 2006 New Zealand Health Survey. Seven health-related outcome measures with expected variations by SEP are modelled using five measures of SEP: a census-based small-area index of relative socioeconomic deprivation, NZDep2006; a questionnaire-based individual-level index of socioeconomic deprivation, NZiDep; an index of living standards, ELSI; education, measured by highest qualification; and equivalised household income. RESULTS: After including the individual measure of deprivation, the area-based measure of deprivation adds useful explanatory power, and, separately, the broader spectrum provided by the living standards index adds only a small amount of extra explanatory power. The education and household income variables add little extra explanatory power. DISCUSSION: Both NZiDep and ELSI are useful health-outcome predictors. NZiDep is the cheapest data to obtain and less prone to missing data. The area index, NZDep, is a useful addition to the arsenal of individual SEP indicators, and is a reasonable alternative to them where the use of individual measures is impracticable. Education and household income, using commonly used measurement tools, may be of limited use in research if more proximal indicators of SEP are available. NZDep and NZiDep are cost-effective measures of SEP in health research. Other or additional measures may be useful if costs allow and/or for topic-related hypothesis testing. KEYWORDS: Deprivation; inequalities; living standards; New Zealand; socioeconomic position
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Robert, Stephanie A. "SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION AND HEALTH: The Independent Contribution of Community Socioeconomic Context." Annual Review of Sociology 25, no. 1 (1999): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.489.

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Lwin, Kaung Suu, Shuhei Nomura, Daisuke Yoneoka, Peter Ueda, Sarah Krull Abe, and Kenji Shibuya. "Associations between parental socioeconomic position and health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection among under-5 children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (2020): e032039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032039.

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ObjectivesTo examine the associations of parental social and economic position with health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-5 children in Myanmar and explore potential underlying mechanisms.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA secondary dataset from the nationwide 2015–2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS).ParticipantsAll under-5 children in the sampled households with reported symptoms of diarrhoea and ARI during the 2-week period preceding the MDHS survey interview.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFour parental health-seeking behaviours: ‘seeking treatment’, ‘formal health provider’, ‘public provider’ and ‘private provider’ were considered. Social and economic positions were determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Multilevel logistic regressions were employed to examine the associations of social and economic positions with health-seeking behaviours for diarrhoea and ARI. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore potential underlying mechanisms in these associations.ResultsOf the 4099 under-5 children from the sampled households in MDHS, 427 (10.4%) with diarrhoea and 131 (3.2%) with ARI were considered for the analyses. For diarrhoea, social position was positively associated with seeking treatment and private provider use (adjusted OR: 1.60 (95% CIs: 1.07 to 2.38) and 1.83 (1.00 to 3.34), respectively). Economic position was positively associated with private provider use for diarrhoea (1.57 (1.07 to 2.30)). Negative associations were observed between social and economic positions with public provider use for diarrhoea (0.55 (0.30 to 0.99) and 0.64 (0.43 to 0.94), respectively). Social position had more influence than economic position on parental health-seeking behaviour for children with diarrhoea. No evidence for a significant association of social and economic position with health-seeking for ARI was observed.ConclusionsSocial and economic positions were possible determinants of health-seeking behaviour for diarrhoea among children; and social position had more influence than economic position. The results of this study may contribute to improve relevant interventions for diarrhoea and ARI among children in Myanmar.
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Jones, Jennifer R. A., Sue Berney, Bronwen Connolly, et al. "Socioeconomic Position and Health Outcomes Following Critical Illness." Critical Care Medicine 47, no. 6 (2019): e512-e521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000003727.

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Akkoyun-Farinez, Julie, Abdou Y. Omorou, Johanne Langlois, et al. "Measuring adolescents’ weight socioeconomic gradient using parental socioeconomic position." European Journal of Public Health 28, no. 6 (2018): 1097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky064.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health; socioecomic position"

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Price, Juliet. "Socioeconomic position and the National Health Service orthodontic service." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/socioeconomic-position-and-the-national-health-service-orthodontic-service(b4b4d25b-826a-4efe-83ae-50c18fafcf6a).html.

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Background: The National Health Service (NHS) aims to achieve maximum health gains with its limited resources, while also ensuring that it provides services according to need, irrespective of factors such as socioeconomic position (SEP). Aim: The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationships between SEP and various aspects of the NHS orthodontic service, including need, demand, supply, and outcomes. Methods: Three main data sources were used: two population-based surveys (the 2003 United Kingdom (UK) Children’s Dental Health Survey (CDHS) and the 2008-2009 NHS Dental Epidemiology Programme for England Oral Health Survey (OHS) in the North West) and an administrative data set (containing 2008-2012 North West NHS orthodontic activity data). The data were used to investigate levels of need and willingness to have orthodontic treatment, treatment utilisation, assessment procedures, and treatment outcomes, and the costs associated with the service. Subsequently, regression analyses were carried out to explore the associations between SEP and the various orthodontic variables. Results: Over a third of 12-year-olds had normative need for orthodontic treatment and over half had patient-defined need. Those in the most deprived groups in the North West tended to have lower levels of treatment compared to those in the least deprived group (despite the fact that normative need was not shown to vary by SEP), and they were more likely to discontinue treatment and have residual post-treatment need (RPTN). There was a great deal of variation among practices/orthodontic clinicians in terms of the percentages of patients with repeated assessments, treatment discontinuations, and RPTN. The major sources of potential inefficiency costs in the NHS orthodontic service in the North West are treatments that result in discontinuations (which cost £2.4 million per year), RPTN (which cost £1.8 million per year), and unreported treatment outcomes (which cost £13.0 million per year). Discussion: The NHS is not delivering orthodontic care equitably between SEP groups in the North West, as those from more deprived groups are more likely to fail to receive treatment, and to have poor outcomes if they do receive treatment. In addition, the wide range of process and outcome indicators between practices/orthodontic clinicians raises issues about quality of the overall service. In particular, treatment outcomes are frequently unreported, which highlights the need to improve the outcome monitoring systems in the NHS orthodontic service.
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Perlman, Francesca Jane Andrea. "Socioeconomic position, self-rated health and mortality in Russia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446040/.

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Background: In Russia, the educational gradient in mortality increased during the 1990s. However, there have been few comparisons of gradients using different socioeconomic indicators. Aims: These were to study the association of different measures of socioeconomic position with each other and with health, together with possible explanations. Data: The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey is a large, nationally representative panel study. Data from 7 rounds (1994-2001) were used to study 11,482 adults aged over 18. Social and economic measures, self-rated health and deaths (reported by a household member) were recorded. Methods: Correlations between income, education, occupation and subjective social status were measured. Their associations with self-rated health and mortality were studied using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analysis respectively, including multivariate analyses. Results: Education and occupation were strongly correlated (R=0.52). Both were weakly associated with income (R=0.08 and 0.13 respectively). Education (3 categories) was strongly protective against mortality 0.66 (0.59-0.74) men, 0.66 (0.59-0.74) women , and education explained the weaker associations between income, occupation and mortality. Although alcohol consumption and smoking predicted mortality, they did not explain its association with socioeconomic position. Income, occupation and education were all moderately associated with self-rated health. Subjective social status strongly predicted self-rated health, but not mortality. Ownership of consumer goods, satisfaction and optimism predicted self-rated health, but did not fully explain its association with socioeconomic position. Unemployment and insecure employment were associated with health, although inconsistently. Discussion: Income was weakly associated with education and occupation compared to the West. Socioeconomic gradients in self-rated health and mortality were demonstrated, and were not fully explained by alcohol, smoking, material and psychosocial measures. The strong association between education and mortality could perhaps be because it reflects lifetime socioeconomic position. Associations between education, smoking and mortality were comparable to other studies, supporting the reliability of the data.
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Agha, Golareh. "Life course socioeconomic position and ankle-brachial index." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66973.

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The mechanisms by which life course socioeconomic position (SEP) may influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not well explored. Objectives were to investigate the association between cumulative life course SEP and an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis: ankle-brachial index (ABI). Participants (n=1454) were from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. Cumulative SEP was calculated by summing scores for childhood SEP (father's education), early adulthood SEP (own education), and active professional life SEP (own occupation). ABI was dichotomized as low (≤1.1) and normal (>1.1 to 1.4). In logistic regression analyses, cumulative SEP was associated with low ABI in men (odds ratio [OR]=2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24,3.51 for low vs. high cumulative SEP score) but not in women (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.63,1.38), after adjustment for age and CVD risk markers. This effect was largely explained by the association of own education with low ABI in men and not in women. Father's education and own occupation were not significantly associated with low ABI in men or women. In conclusion, while cumulative SEP was inversely associated with ABI in men, this effect was primarily due to own education.<br>Les mécanismes par lesquels la situation socio-économique (SSE) pourrait influencer les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) ne sont pas bien définis. Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner la relation entre la SSE au cours d'une vie et l'athérosclérose sous-clinique, telle que mesurée par le "Indice de Pression Cheville Brachial ABPI", aussi connu sous le nom de "index ABPI''. Les participants (n=1454) provenaient de l'étude de cohortes Framingham Heart Study Offspring. La SSE cumulative a été calculée en additionnant les résultats pour la SSE durant l'enfance (scolarité du père), la SSE durant la period le jeune et l'adolescence (sa propre scolarité) et la SSE durant la vie professionnelle active (sa propre profession). L'index ABPI a été divisé en deux fractions, notamment la fraction basse (≤1.1) et normale (>1.1 à 1.4). Dans des analyses de régression logistique, la SSE cumulative a été associée à un index ABPI bas pour les hommes, mais pas pour les femmes, après l'ajustement pour le sexe et pour les facteurs risque de MCV. Ce résultat s'explique largement par l'association entre sa propre scolarité et un index ABPI bas dans le cas des hommes, mais pas dans les cas des femmes. Il n'y a pas eu d'association significative entre scolaritè du père ou sa propre profession et un index ABPI bas ni pour les hommes, ni pour les femmes. On peut donc conclure que si la SSE cumulative a été inversement proportionnelle à l'index ABPI pour les hommes, cela est principalement dû à sa propre scolarité.
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Breeze, Elizabeth. "Health inequalities among older people in Great Britain." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2002. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646506/.

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This thesis aims to describe health inequalities among older people in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s and to assess whether various personal circumstances and experiences contribute towards this variation. Three sources of data are used: the Longitudinal Study; the first Whitehall cohort of male civil servants; and baseline quality of life information from the MRC Trial of the Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community (MRC Study). Housing tenure, car availability, and employment grade are the main socioeconomic measures used, but also social class and income. Findings: People disadvantaged in mid-life socioeconomic circumstances continue to experience increased risks of mortality, insitutionalisation, poor self-reported health and functioning 20-30 years later. Smoking and cardio-respiratory factors in middle age partially accounted for the differentials found in the Whitehall Study. The MRC Study revealed worse prospects for five dimensions of health-related quality of life among people in rented homes compared to owner-occupied ones, even among those who were deemed independent. Symptoms of ill health, and health behaviours accounted for over 40% of the housing tenure differentials in quality of life among these independent people. Being in a deprived or densely-populated area was not as strong a discriminator of quality of life as personal housing-tenure. Finally, people whose socioeconomic circumstances become worse in late middle age have greater risks of poor health outcomes than those who stay advantaged. The findings on benefits of improvements in socioeconomic circumstances are more mixed and complicated by ill health leading to apparent upward socioeconomic mobility. Conclusions: The three studies provide evidence of both long-term implications of socioeconomic position in mid-life and continuing relevance of socioeconomic position in old age. Although personal factors and health symptoms contribute to health inequalities in old age they are also seen as a possible product of socioeconomic position.
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Park, Alison. "Life course socioeconomic position and major depression in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97172.

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Early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) contributes to disease risk in adults, however, there is mixed evidence for the role of early-life SEP in adult depression. Using logistic regression analysis we explore whether parents' education influences the risk for major depressive episode (MDE) independent of other early-life and adult risk factors. Data are from the first seven waves of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (1994/95 to 2006/07), and include 1,267 participants that were aged 12 to 24 at wave one. Father's education has no effect. Respondents of mothers with less than secondary school are at increased risk for MDE (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.32) compared to respondents of more educated mothers. Adjusting for the respondent's adverse childhood experiences, SEP, psychosocial factors, and physical health does not reduce the impact of maternal education. These results suggest that maternal education may play a significant role in the aetiology of adult depression.<br>Les résultats concernant le rôle de la position socioéconomique d'origine sur la dépression à l'âge adulte sont contradictoires. A l'aide de modèles de régression logistique, nous avons évalué l'impact du niveau d'étude des parents sur les épisodes dépressifs majeurs (EDM). Les données proviennent des sept premières vagues de l'Enquête nationale sur la santé de la population (1994/95 à 2006/07). Nous avons retenu 1,267 participants âgés de 12 à 24 ans à l'inclusion. Le niveau d'étude du père n'avait pas d'effet. Le risque de déclarer un EDM était plus élevé chez les répondants dont la mère avait un faible niveau d'étude (OR: 2.04, IC 95%: 1.25, 3.32). L'impact du niveau d'éducation de la mère n'était pas diminué après ajustement sur les expériences difficiles durant l'enfance, la position socioéconomique, les facteurs psychosociaux et l'état de santé physique. Ces résultats suggèrent que le niveau d'étude de la mère joue un rôle important dans l'étiologie de la dépression à l'âge adulte.
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Thorsell, Lena. "Drogmissbrukare och psykisk hälsa." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19853.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental illness and socioeconomic factors such as education, age and gender among drug users. Descriptive and ANOVA analysis were performed to 68 structured interviews (Addiction Severity Index basic). Analysis addressed associations between drug usage and level of education, age and gender. Results showed gender differences in self-rated mental health with women drug users rating their mental health lower than men. In addition, there was no association between age, educational level and self-rated mental health. Further studies are warranted to investigate mental health among drug users.
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Armstrong, Robin S. "Socioeconomic position and mass media campaigns to prevent chronic disease." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69375/1/Robin_Armstrong_Thesis.pdf.

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This cross-sectional study of a 45 to 60 year old Brisbane population examined socioeconomic differences in campaign reach, understanding of health language, and effectiveness, of a recent mass media health promotion campaign. Lower socioeconomic groups were reached significantly less and understood significantly less of the health language than higher socioeconomic groups thus contributing to the widening of the health inequality gap.
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Stone, Juliet. "Measurement of life-course socioeconomic position in relation to health in later life." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509577.

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Giskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/1/Katrina_Giskes_Thesis.pdf.

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In Australia, and other Western countries, there are marked socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from chronic, diet-related diseases. Research in these countries has shown that adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds experience greater morbidity and mortality from these conditions compared to their higher-status counterparts. In recent decades, much research has focused on factors that may contribute to these inequalities. Dietary intakes are thought to account for a large proportion of the socioeconomic variability in health, and there is some evidence suggesting that the psychosocial foundations laid down in adolescence are important influences on these dietary intakes. In Australia, however, existing research examining socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes is limited. Most previous research has looked at dietary intakes in adulthood, and have not considered examining for socioeconomic differences in adolescence. Furthermore, not much is known about the health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents that may contribute to socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes. This study examined these issues by analysing for socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes among both adolescents and adults. It also investigated some health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Data from a national cross-sectional survey, the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey, were analysed to determine socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with adolescents to investigate their health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions. The results show that compared to adults, there is less socioeconomic inequality in food and nutrient intakes among adolescents. Intakes of some anti-oxidant vitamins and folate were directly related with socioeconomic position among adults. Adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to consume fruits or vegetables. They consumed a lower variety of fruits and vegetables and were less likely to choose fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A, folate and vitamin C. The results showed that these differences may be due to adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds being less likely to want to increase their fruit and vegetable intakes, and perceiving price and storage as barriers to doing so. There were a small number of socioeconomic differences in adolescents' beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about nutrition and health that may contribute to dietary intake inequalities in adulthood. Adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to see health as being important for achieving goals, and identified nutrients and sleep as influencing their health less frequently. These adolescents also referred to dietary recommendations, nutrient intakes, dairy foods and avoiding school canteen foods less frequently when describing a healthy diet. A number of recommendations about the design and targeting of nutrition-promotion campaigns and interventions are discussed, as well as future directions for research on socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes.
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Giskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Queensland University of Technology, 2002. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/.

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In Australia, and other Western countries, there are marked socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from chronic, diet-related diseases. Research in these countries has shown that adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds experience greater morbidity and mortality from these conditions compared to their higher-status counterparts. In recent decades, much research has focused on factors that may contribute to these inequalities. Dietary intakes are thought to account for a large proportion of the socioeconomic variability in health, and there is some evidence suggesting that the psychosocial foundations laid down in adolescence are important influences on these dietary intakes. In Australia, however, existing research examining socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes is limited. Most previous research has looked at dietary intakes in adulthood, and have not considered examining for socioeconomic differences in adolescence. Furthermore, not much is known about the health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents that may contribute to socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes. This study examined these issues by analysing for socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes among both adolescents and adults. It also investigated some health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Data from a national cross-sectional survey, the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey, were analysed to determine socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with adolescents to investigate their health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions. The results show that compared to adults, there is less socioeconomic inequality in food and nutrient intakes among adolescents. Intakes of some anti-oxidant vitamins and folate were directly related with socioeconomic position among adults. Adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to consume fruits or vegetables. They consumed a lower variety of fruits and vegetables and were less likely to choose fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A, folate and vitamin C. The results showed that these differences may be due to adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds being less likely to want to increase their fruit and vegetable intakes, and perceiving price and storage as barriers to doing so. There were a small number of socioeconomic differences in adolescents' beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about nutrition and health that may contribute to dietary intake inequalities in adulthood. Adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to see health as being important for achieving goals, and identified nutrients and sleep as influencing their health less frequently. These adolescents also referred to dietary recommendations, nutrient intakes, dairy foods and avoiding school canteen foods less frequently when describing a healthy diet. A number of recommendations about the design and targeting of nutrition-promotion campaigns and interventions are discussed, as well as future directions for research on socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes.
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Books on the topic "Health; socioecomic position"

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Middleton, Nicos, Panayiota Ellina, George Zannoupas, Demetris Lamnisos, and Christiana Kouta. Socio-Economic Inequality in Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0006.

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Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the relative place an individual or a social group holds within the structure of society. SEP is determined by a multitude of factors, from individual and household circumstances across the life course to social processes operating at higher levels. Even though a complex construct, it is often operationalized using single person-based indicators and/or subjective measures of an individual’s own perceived position in the social ladder. Furthermore, recognizing that social stratification is geographically defined, area-based measures place a community in the socioeconomic disadvantage continuum and are used to quantify the magnitude of geographically defined social inequalities Data driven approaches have been mostly used to construct socioeconomic deprivation indices, commonly using census-based indicators which reflect the sociodemographical compositions of areas. Increasingly, a wider set of methods are been used to capture features of a community’s environment pertaining to the physical, built and social environment.
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(Editor), Mary Shaw, Bruna Galobardes (Editor), Debbie A. Lawlor (Editor), John Lynch (Editor), and Ben Wheeler (Editor), eds. The handbook of inequality and socioeconomic position: Concepts and measures (Health & Society Series). Policy Pr, 2007.

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Lynch, John, Mary Shaw, Ben Wheeler, Bruna Galobardes, and Debbie A. Lawlor. The handbook of inequality and socioeconomic position: Concepts and measures (Health & Society Series). Policy Press, 2007.

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Alcántara, Carmen, Cindy D. Estevez, and Margarita Alegría. Latino and Asian Immigrant Adult Health. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.14.

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Over 81% of US immigrants were born in a Latin American, Caribbean, or Asian country. The “immigrant paradox” is the long-standing observation in medical and social science research that immigrants exhibit better health profiles than US natives, despite their disproportionate concentration in low socioeconomic status positions. While the empirical evidence suggests that immigrant health advantages deteriorate with greater duration of US residence and across subsequent generations, the role of acculturation within the immigrant paradox is unclear. Herein, we summarize the contemporary health literature on Latino and Asian US immigrant adults (the two largest US immigrant subpopulations), review explanations for the immigrant paradox (psychosocial and behavioral, sociological, and methodological explanations), and discuss important trends and implications for health promotion and disease prevention. Systematic research to identify determinants of US immigrant health, including their sociodemographic and life-course modifiers, may help uncover promising intervention targets for health promotion and positive adaptation.
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Olsen, Jan Abel. The social environment and health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0007.

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This chapter explores three main issues related to the analyses of the social gradient in health: correlations, causations, and interventions. Observed correlations between indicators of socioeconomic position and health do not imply that there are causations. The usefulness of various indicators is discussed, such as education, income, occupation categories, and social class. A causal pathway is presented that suggests a chain from early life circumstances, via education, occupation, income, and perceived status onto health. The chapter ends with a discussion of various policy options to reduce inequalities in health that are caused by social determinants.
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Mackenbach, Johan P. Health inequalities. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831419.001.0001.

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‘Health inequalities—persistence and change in European welfare states’ studies why frequencies of disease, disability, and premature mortality are higher among people with a lower socioeconomic position, even in countries with advanced welfare states. Drawing upon data from 30 countries covering more than three decades, it provides a comprehensive overview of trends and patterns of health inequalities, showing that these are not only ubiquitous and persistent, but also highly variable and dynamic. It provides a critical assessment of recent research into the explanation of health inequalities, discussing methodological pitfalls, summarizing findings from epidemiological, sociological, economic, and genetic studies, and reviewing nine overarching theories. Based on in-depth studies of the determinants of health inequalities in European countries, it shows that the persistence of health inequalities is due to a combination of mostly favourable changes in social stratification, massive but differential health improvements, and persistence of social inequality in material and non-material living conditions. It discusses why social inequality is so persistent, and whether welfare state reform could contribute to reducing health inequalities, and provides a systematic analysis of the inequitableness of health inequalities according to five theories of justice. It reviews recent attempts by European national governments to reduce health inequalities, showing that it is realistic to expect evidence-based policies to reduce absolute but not relative inequalities in health. This title is written for scientists and advanced students from various disciplines, as well as for public health professionals and policymakers, and is profusely illustrated and referenced.
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Klingholz, Reiner, Sabine Sütterlin, Alisa Kaps, and Catherina Hinz. Leapfrogging Africa: Sustainable Innovation in Health, Education and Agriculture. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928314745.

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In this study, we look at the potential for development leaps in Africa in three key sectors that provided the basis for socioeconomic development around the world: health, education and agriculture. Advances in these sectors increase the human capital, create jobs and economic opportunities and have a positive influence on each other. Healthy and well-fed children can learn better; hygiene and better medical care diminish infant mortality, which reduces the desire for a large number of children; education for women promotes gender equality and causes birth rates to fall further. This creates a population structure under which the economy can grow particularly well: a demographic dividend becomes possible.
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Beckfield, Jason. New Questions and Answers about Embodied Social Inequalities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492472.003.0002.

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How might the political-sociological concepts reviewed in Chapter 1 contribute to the distribution of population health? To connect the dots, the author begins this chapter with a reconsideration of several established facts about social inequalities in health. Next, he discusses new evidence that establishes relationships between political-sociological structures and processes described in the last chapter, and social inequalities in health. Disease is distributed unequally within populations according to socioeconomic position (SEP), even after controlling for the many behavioral and other factors that affect health and are also—variably across institutional contexts—correlated with SEP. A consideration of political sociology helps us to explain these facts. Moreover, the political-sociological context also shapes the distribution of resources that matter for health.
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Crume, Richard V. Urban Health Issues. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216031086.

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Living in an urban environment can have a major influence—both positive and negative—on one's physical health and mental well-being. This book examines more than 20 key issues related to city living and what's being done to address them. According to recent statistics, 80.7 percent of Americans live in urban areas, and more than half of the world's population lives in cities. From various types of pollution to crime to overcrowding, the urban environment can have massive impacts on our physical, psychological, and social health and well-being. Moreover, while certain aspects of living in a city, such as access to health care, can improve the lives of many, other factors can have detrimental effects and can lead to inequalities along racial and socioeconomic lines. Urban Health Issues: Exploring the Impacts of Big-City Living examines 23 key issues related to urban health, exploring their causes and consequences in depth and highlighting what cities and individuals can do to safeguard the well-being of urban residents. It also draws comparisons between cities in the United States and the industrialized world and those in poor and developing nations, providing important global insights. The material is brought to life by fascinating city case studies and illuminating interviews with experts working in a variety of fields.
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Socioeconomic divides in tuberculosis contral: Study of smear-positive TB prevalence, care seeking behaviour and role of informal healthcare providers. BRAC Centre, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Health; socioecomic position"

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Klärner, Andreas, Markus Gamper, Sylvia Keim-Klärner, et al. "Social Networks and Health Inequalities: A New Perspective for Research." In Social Networks and Health Inequalities. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_1.

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Abstract“Tell me how much your friends earn and I’ll tell you whether you smoke, what diseases you have and how old you’re going to become!” Part of this statement should be familiar to those who are interested in the connection between social inequality and health. People of comparatively lower socioeconomic status are at higher risk of health problems and are more likely to fall ill and die earlier than those who have a higher income etc. However, the sentence does not ask about your own income, but about the income of your friends. Is this information really meaningful? Does it really make a difference to your own health which friends you have, who you surround yourself with in your everyday life and what social position these people have?
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Al-Hazzouri, Adina Zeki, Michelle Odden, Elizabeth R. Mayeda, Allison E. Aiello, John M. Neuhaus, and Mary N. Haan. "Lifetime Socioeconomic Position and Functional Decline in Older Mexican Americans: Results from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging." In Aging, Health, and Longevity in the Mexican-Origin Population. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1867-2_4.

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Vaz de Macedo, Antonio. "COVID-19 in Brazil: Overall Impact and Singularities." In Global Perspectives of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health, Education, and Role of Media. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1106-6_24.

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AbstractSince its outbreak in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread at an alarming rate across the globe, with a case tally of over 370 million and a death toll of more than 5.6 million as of late January 2022. Ranking third among the world’s most affected hotspots, Brazil was by far the hardest hit among its Latin American neighbors, with over 25 million cases and a death toll in excess of 625,000, which places it second worldwide. The actual toll is likely higher. It is underestimated because of limited testing and inconsistency in nationwide cause-of-death reporting. Brazil is one of the largest developing free market economies in the world. It is, however, tainted by having one of the highest socioeconomic disparities, with roughly a fifth of its population living under the poverty line, with little access to basic sanitary facilities. On the positive side, Brazil has the largest publicly funded healthcare system in the world. Despite having lagged behind vaccination rollout initially, it took a giant leap over the past six months, which resulted in two-thirds of its population being vaccinated. There was also a tremendous drop in both SARS-CoV-2 cases and death rates. Unfortunately, cases have begun to swell again with the advent of Omicron. In this chapter, we discuss the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, with a particular focus on underserved minorities.
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Ryff, Carol D. "In Pursuit of Eudaimonia: Past Advances and Future Directions." In Human Flourishing. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09786-7_2.

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AbstractEudaimonic well-being builds on the writings of Aristotle and integrates contemporary theories of positive psychological functioning. The empirically operationalization is detailed, emphasizing the importance of rigorous psychometric evaluation. Scientific advances of this model of well-being are noted, showing links to sociodemographic factors, experiences in work and family life, and health outcomes. Three future directions for research are considered. The first addresses growing problems of socioeconomic inequality and their role in undermining the opportunities of disadvantaged segments of society to experience eudaimonia. These problems have now been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disproportionately impacted those who were already vulnerable. The second new direction examines the role of the arts and humanities as factors that nurture eudaimonic well-being. Whether the arts can activate needed compassion and caring among the privileged is also considered. The third new direction examines the intersection of entrepreneurial studies with eudaimonic well-being. Conventional conceptions of entrepreneurial success focus on business profits; a case is made that eudaimonia, of the entrepreneur as well as his/her employees and surrounding communities, constitute further measure of success that elevate issues of virtue, morality, and ethics.
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"Socioeconomic Position." In Encyclopedia of Public Health. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5614-7_3270.

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Lynch, John, and George Kaplan. "Socioeconomic Position." In Social Epidemiology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083316.003.0002.

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Abstract The relationship between the socioeconomic position of individuals and populations and their health is well established—the socioeconomically better-off doing better on most measures of health status. Indeed, this direct association between socioeconomic position, measured in various ways, and health status has been recognized for centuries (Antonovsky 1967). In medieval Europe, for example, Paracelsus noted unusually high rates of disease in miners (1567). By the 19th century, systematic investigations were being conducted by Villermé into the relationship between rent levels of areas and mortality in Paris (Susser et al. 1985).
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Williams, Natasha, Girardin Jean-Louis, Judite Blanc, and Douglas M. Wallace. "Race, socioeconomic position and sleep." In Sleep and Health. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00006-x.

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Smith, George Davey, Carole Hart, David Blane, Charles Gillis, and Victor Hawthorne. "Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: prospective observational study." In Health inequalities. Policy Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.56687/9781447342229-018.

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Frankel, Stephen, George Davey Smith, and David Gunnell. "Childhood socioeconomic position and adult cardiovascular mortality: the Boyd Orr cohort." In Health inequalities. Policy Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.56687/9781447342229-024.

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Krieger, Nancy, Sally Zierler, Joseph W. Hogan, et al. "Geocoding and Measurement of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position: A U.S. Perspective." In Neighborhoods and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138382.003.0007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Health; socioecomic position"

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Oates, G. R., I. Stepanikova, E. Baker, et al. "Association Between Socioeconomic Position and Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a7123.

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Kim, C., and J. Dunn. "OP29 Interaction between socioeconomic position and social integration in suicide mortality: a nationally representative cohort study." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.29.

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Tinner, L., D. Caldwell, M. Hickman, and R. Campbell. "OP49 Perceptions of adolescent health risk behaviour and socioeconomic position: a grounded theory study of young adults in Bristol." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.49.

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Castagné, R., M. Kelly-Irving, SA Kyrtopoulos, P. Vineis, M. Chadeau-Hyam, and C. Delpierre. "OP81 A multi-omics approach to investigate the inflammatory response of life course socioeconomic position: findings from EPIC-italy." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.84.

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Diniz, Joana Degasperi, Bianca Suaid Soares, Amanda Vivacqua Figueiredo, Giovanna Passamani Simões Silva, Luisa Pirola Santos, and André Rocha Soares. "Relationship between the position adopted by the baby during sleep and the prevention of sudden infant death." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-046.

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Introduction: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a term used to describe the sudden and unexpected death of a baby under 1 year of age, where the definitive cause of death cannot truly be established, even after thorough investigation . Supine is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as part of a safe sleep routine for babies. However, the prone position (or prone position) is contraindicated, which is related to a higher mortality rate. Method: The search for references was carried out using the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scielo platform. The following descriptors were used: "Supine Decubitus" AND "Sudden Infant Death". The filters were applied: full text article; main subject "Sudden Infant Death"; language in Portuguese, English and Spanish and publications in the last 5 years (2018-2023). In this way, there were a total of 35 results, of which only 11 articles were selected. Results and Discussion: There are several modifiable factors related to sudden infant death, including: caregivers of children who consume alcohol, tobacco and other drugs at home during the prenatal and postnatal periods; bed shared between babies and parents; overheating; presence of soft objects in the crib and loose bedding. Other important guidelines, which have level A evidence, for the prevention of SIDS are: exclusive breastfeeding; avoid exposure to cigarettes during and after pregnancy, as well as marijuana, opioids, alcohol and illicit drugs; carry out adequate prenatal care and correct immunization recommended for the child and do not use home cardiorespiratory monitors. Outside of sleep, dissemination and education regarding safe infant sleep guidelines from the beginning of pregnancy is recommended, given that 40% of mothers say they did not receive such guidelines and 25% receive information that differs from that advised by the AAP. Conclusion: It is concluded that Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is related to the prone position. In the USA, there are ethnic-racial disparities in SIDS mortality rates, associated with socioeconomic factors and lack of resources. It is crucial that public health services promote safe forms of sleep, such as the supine position, adequate feeding before sleep and the use of flat surfaces without objects in the crib.
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Darmajanti, Linda, Daniel Mambo Tampi, and Irene Sondang Fitrinita. "Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mbxo5435.

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The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.
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Gómez-Vargas, Vanessa, Israel Almodóvar-Rivera, Karen J. Ortiz-Ortiz, Carlos R. Torres-Cintrón, and Ana P. Ortiz-Martínez. "Abstract C023: Cervical cancer survival analysis based on screening practices and the socioeconomic position index in Puerto Rico." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-c023.

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Chatzi, G., T. Chandola, A. Cernat, and N. Shlomo. "OP84 Is social disadvantage a chronic stressor? socioeconomic position and chronic stress among older adults living in england." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.83.

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Chatzi, G., T. Chandola, A. Cernat, and N. Shlomo. "OP23 Is the increase in social inequalities in inflammation with age underestimated in conventional longitudinal analyses? Socioeconomic position and repeated systemic inflammation in older adults living in england." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.23.

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Maussawa, Gayanthi, Chelsea Wijerathne, Janaka Gunasekara, Colinie Wickramarachchi, and Samantha Thelijjagoda. "The Socioeconomic Consequences of Brain Drain and Migration in Sri Lanka: A Comprehensive Literature Analysis." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable & Digital Business. SLIIT Business School, 2023. https://doi.org/10.54389/lxpa3476.

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Over the years brain drain has given risen to a lasting imprint on the economy of Sri Lanka, which has resulted variouse consequenses. Currently educated professionals from various sectors are migrating to developed countries at an increasing rate. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding on the factors influence skill migration in Sri Lanka. This study utilizes a comprehensive systematic review of past literature over the period of 22 years (2000-2022). The findings of this study demonstrate that migration of skilled professionals has been increased up to 2022 and how social, economic, and political factors affected migration. Some identified examples for economic factors that influence skill migration are better working opportunites, higher wages and higher living standards. Some identified social factors are political violence and better facilities like health and educational services. Increasing income tax rate and loss of liberty are some recgonized political factors that affect skill migration. Some of the studies have argued that there are positive concequences of skill migration in Sri Lanka, while some other studies have brought up arguments that negative impacts of skill migration take over the positive impacts. Keywords: Brain drain, Economic Impact and Migration.
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Reports on the topic "Health; socioecomic position"

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Guzmán, Julio, Nohra Rey de Marulanda, and Jorge Ugaz. The Orientation of Social Spending in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012216.

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The orientation of social spending is a decisive element for the creation and allocation of opportunities for all because it reveals, to some degree, the priorities and relative importance a government assigns to directly and indirectly tackling poverty, inequality and their consequences. Paradoxically, there are only a few studies that analyze the orientation of social spending by socioeconomic groups in Latin America. The present study tries to solve this, presenting and analyzing the incidence of social spending on education, health, and social security for the majority of Latin American countries in order to understand how State actions contribute to providing for the needs of the poorest groups of the population. This study concludes that only five of the 11 countries under examination had progressive social expenditures; furthermore, the pace of change seems to be very slow. Although there are some positive trends - for example, spending in primary education - social spending in secondary education, tertiary education, and social security and pensions are highly regressive, even more than expected. This creates a greater sense of urgency in the region to deal forcefully with the issue of equity in social spending.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen, and Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.

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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
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