Academic literature on the topic 'Health status indicators Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health status indicators Australia"
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Hickie, Ian B., Ian B. Hickie, Helen Christensen, Tracey A. Davenport, and Georgina M. Luscombe. "Can We Track the Impact of Australian Mental Health Research?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 7 (July 2005): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01631.x.
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Objective: Arguments are being made to increase research and development funding for mental health research in Australia. Consequently, the methods used to measure the results of increased investment require review. This study aimed to describe the status of Australian mental health research and to propose potential methods for tracking changes in research output. Specifically, we describe the research output of nations, Australian states, Australian and New Zealand institutions and Australian and New Zealand researchers using citation rates. Method: Information on research output was sourced from two international databases (Institute for scientific information [ISI] Essential Science Indicators and ISI Web of Science) and the ISI list of Highly Cited Researchers. Results: In an international setting, Australia does not perform as well as other comparable countries such as New Zealand or Canada in terms of research output. Within Australia, the scientific performance of institutions apparently relates to the strength of some individual researchers or consolidated research groups. Highly cited papers are evident in the fields of syndrome definition, epidemiology and epidemiological methods, cognitive science and prognostic or longitudinal studies. Conclusions: Australian researchers need to consider the success of New Zealand and Canadian researchers, particularly given the relatively low investment in health and medical research in New Zealand. Although citation analyses are fraught with difficulties, they can be effectively complemented by other measures of responsiveness to clinical or population needs and community expectations and should be conducted regularly and independently to monitor the status of Australian mental health research.
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Courtney, Mary, Maria T. O'Reilly, Helen Edwards, and Stacey Hassall. "Benchmarking clinical indicators of quality for Australian residential aged care facilities." Australian Health Review 34, no. 1 (2010): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09663.
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To undertake exploratory benchmarking of a set of clinical indicators of quality care in residential care in Australia, data were collected from 107 residents within four medium-sized facilities (40–80 beds) in Brisbane, Australia. The proportion of residents in each sample facility with a particular clinical problem was compared with US Minimum Data Set quality indicator thresholds. Results demonstrated variability within and between clinical indicators, suggesting breadth of assessment using various clinical indicators of quality is an important factor when monitoring quality of care. More comprehensive and objective measures of quality of care would be of great assistance in determining and monitoring the effectiveness of residential aged care provision in Australia, particularly as demands for accountability by consumers and their families increase. What is known about the topic?The key to quality improvement is effective quality assessment, and one means of evaluating quality of care is through clinical outcomes. The Minimum Data Set quality indicators have been credited with improving quality in United States nursing homes. What does this paper add?The Clinical Care Indicators Tool was used to collect data on clinical outcomes, enabling comparison of data from a small Australian sample with American quality benchmarks to illustrate the utility of providing guidelines for interpretation. What are the implications for practitioners?Collecting and comparing clinical outcome data would enable practitioners to better understand the quality of care being provided and whether practices required review. The Clinical Care Indicator Tool could provide a comprehensive and systematic means of doing this, thus filling a gap in quality monitoring within Australian residential aged care.
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Schwenke, G. D., D. J. Reuter, R. W. Fitzpatrick, J. Walker, and P. O'Callaghan. "Soil and catchment health indicators of sustainability: case studies from southern Australia and possibilities for the northern grains region of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 3 (2003): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01012.
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During the last decade, a range of indicators has been advocated for assessing soil, farm and catchment health. This paper assembles some recent experiences of the authors in developing and using indicators from paddock to national scales. Indicators are merely a subset of the attributes that are used to quantify aspects of catchment or farm health. Their selection and use in the past has led to criticism of indicators, but, given an explicit approach, most of the criticisms can be overcome. Reliable indicators provide positive and negative signals about the current status of natural resources and how these properties have changed over time. They are used both to identify potential risks and to confirm that current farming practices and systems of land use are effective in maintaining the resource base or economic status. They should be precursors for change and future on-ground investments when problems are observed or identified.A structured approach is needed to ensure indicators are selected and used efficiently. This approach involves: deciding local issues and selecting the most appropriate indicators to reflect those issues; interpreting both positive and negative signals from the monitoring process; taking appropriate action to resolve problems; and, using indicators to monitor the outcomes from the action taken.Finally, we have drawn on these and other experiences to compile a list of indicators that may be used to address sustainability issues associated with farm productivity, soil health and catchment health identified in recent strategic plans developed for the northern grains region of Australia, the focus of this special journal issue.
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Watkins, RE, AJ Plant, D. Sang, TF O'Rourke, AA Eltom, J. Streeton, and B. Gushulak. "The Association between Subjective and Clinical Indicators of Health in Prospective Vietnamese Migrants." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950501700111.
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We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1669 prospective Vietnamese migrants who had applied to migrate to Australia to describe the association between self-reported health status and several commonly used clinical indicators of health among prospective Vietnamese migrants. Participants were recruited from the International Organization for Migration's standardised medical screening program.' We found that clinical indicators of health are related to self-reported health status among prospective Vietnamese migrants. Self-reported health status, which was assessed using a modified version of the Short Form-36 health survey, was significantly associated with clinical indicators of health, including the number of body system abnormalities identified during medical screening, evidence of tuberculosis on chest radiograph, and self-reported weight loss over the previous six months. These findings support the validity of self-reported health status assessment among prospective migrants, although the assessment of subjective indicators of health during compulsory medical screening may be limited by reporting bias. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 46-50.
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Daniels, La, Ra Gibson, and Kn Simmer. "Indicators of selenium status in Australian infants." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 36, no. 4 (August 2000): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1754.2000.00519.x.
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Clark, Antony, David B. Preen, Jonathon Q. Ng, James B. Semmens, and C. D'Arcy J. Holman. "Is Western Australia representative of other Australian States and Territories in terms of key socio-demographic and health economic indicators?" Australian Health Review 34, no. 2 (2010): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09805.
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Objective.To evaluate the extent to which Western Australian (WA) represents the broader Australian population in terms of key socio-demographic and health economic indicators. Methods.We compared key demographic, social and health economic indicators across all Australian States and Territories from Australian government publications in the census years 1991–2006. Jurisdictional averages (JAs) were calculated as the mean (±s.d.) or median (±range). Observed jurisdiction indicators were compared with the JA and ranked according its representativeness of the JA. Results.WA was among the three closest jurisdictions to the national JA for all socio-demographic and health economic indicators examined, with the exception of uptake of private health insurance (ranked 6th) and per-capita health expenditure (ranked 5th). The Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory were least representative for the majority of indicators. Excluding the proportions of people living in rural or remote areas (0–100%) and of indigenous origin (0.4–28.8%), variations in the indicators across the jurisdictions were relatively small. Conclusions.Population differences between Australia’s States were small, whereas Australia’s Territories were least representative of the JA. WA was the most representative population of Australia’s eight jurisdictions and continues to be in a strong position to contribute to knowledge of the Australian health system that is applicable Australia-wide. What is known about the topic?The Western Australian Data Linkage system (WADLS) is a highly successful and productive research tool that facilitates population-based health research. A potential criticism and concern of this research surrounds the representativeness of the WA population to other Australian States and Territories. Anecdotally, there is a perception that WA’s isolation from other Australian populations may lead to systematic socio-demographic and socioeconomic differences; thus limiting the generalisability of research findings. What does this paper add?This paper compares Australia’s State and Territory population profiles and allows researchers to determine the extent to which contextual issues concerning key socio-demographic and health economic indicators may affect the external validity of population-based research arising from any one jurisdiction. What are the implications to practitioners?In the absence of previous evaluations in this area and with the continued emergence of new data linkage systems around the country, this information is important for health researchers and policy makers who may wish to draw conclusions and make policy decisions that rely upon extrapolating findings from population-based studies.
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Lorig, Kate, Philip L. Ritter, Kathryn Plant, Diana D. Laurent, Pauline Kelly, and Sally Rowe. "The South Australia Health Chronic Disease Self-Management Internet Trial." Health Education & Behavior 40, no. 1 (April 4, 2012): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198112436969.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of an online chronic disease self-management program for South Australia residents. Method. Data were collected online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The intervention was an asynchronous 6-week chronic disease self-management program offered online. The authors measured eight health status measures, seven behaviors, and four utilization measures; self-efficacy; and health care satisfaction. Results. Two hundred fifty-four South Australian adults with one or more chronic conditions completed baseline data. One hundred forty-four completed 6 months and 194 completed 1 year. Significant improvements ( p < .05) were found at 6 months for four health status measures, six health behaviors, self-efficacy, and visits to emergency departments. At 12 months, five health status indicators, six health behaviors, self-efficacy, and visits to emergency departments remained significant. Satisfaction with health care trended toward significance. Discussion. The peer-led online program was both acceptable and useful for this population. It appeared to decrease symptoms, improve health behaviors, self-efficacy, and reduce health care utilization up to 1 year. This intervention also has large potential implications for the use of a public health education model for reaching large numbers of people. It demonstrates that an Internet self-management program, which includes social media, can reach rural and underserved people as well as be effective and reduce health care costs. If this intervention can be brought to scale, it has the potential for improving the lives of large numbers of people with chronic illness. It represents a way the medical care and public health sectors can interact.
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Zhou, Y., B. D. Hambly, D. Simmons, and C. S. McLachlan. "Sex-specific educational attainment is associated with telomere length in an Australian rural population." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, no. 7 (February 19, 2020): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa031.
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Abstract Background There is limited understanding on whether and how socioeconomic status (SES), particularly educational attainment and household income, impacts on telomere length in an Australian rural context. Additionally, it is unknown whether access to health services via the Australian public or private health system influences telomere length. Aim This study investigates whether there is a relationship between telomere length and SES indicators (income, education) as well as health insurance status in a rural Australian population. Methods Samples were drawn from the Australian Rural Victoria cross-sectional Crossroads Study. Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured using a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Results Among 1424 participants, we did not find a significant main effect association with LTL across education, income level and health insurance. An exploratory finding was sex may influence the relationship between educational attainment and LTL (P = 0.021). In males, but not females, higher education was associated with longer LTL by 0.033 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.002–0.063, P = 0.035]; in those with low education attainment, male participants had shorter LTL by 0.058 (95% CI −0.086 to −0.029) than female participants (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Being male and having lower education attainment was associated with shorter telomere length in our rural population. Evidence from our study supports the importance of education on LTL in males in rural Australia. Our studies also support previous findings that LTL in later life may not be closely associated with indicators of SES.
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Lawson, James S., and Deborah Black. "Socioeconomic status: the prime indicator of premature death in Australia." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 4 (October 1993): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200002191x.
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SummaryThe link between socioeconomic status and health has long been recognised. This study of deaths among Australian men aged 15–59 years demonstrates that during the 20-year period, 1966–86 the number of premature deaths was dramatically reduced among all socioeconomic groups, primarily as a result of falls in death rates due to heart disease, stroke and trauma. However, the marked differences in death rates according to social class remain, to the extent that if men of all social classes had the same mortality experiences as professional and technical workers the overall death rates for Australian men would be reduced by 60%. Socioeconomic status is the most important indicator of health status among Australians.
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Nghiem, Son, Viet-Ngu Hoang, Xuan-Binh Vu, and Clevo Wilson. "THE DYNAMIC INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE: NEW EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 5 (December 4, 2017): 683–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000608.
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SummaryThis paper proposes a new empirical model for examining the relationship between obesity and school performance using the simultaneous equation modelling approach. The lagged effects of both learning and health outcomes were included to capture both the dynamic and inter-relational aspects of the relationship between obesity and school performance. The empirical application of this study used comprehensive data from the first five waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), which commenced in 2004 (wave 1) and was repeated every two years until 2018. The study sample included 10,000 children, equally divided between two cohorts (infants and children) across Australia. The empirical results show that past learning and obesity status are strongly associated with most indicators of school outcomes, including reading, writing, spelling, grammar and numeracy national tests, and scores from the internationally standardized Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Matrix Reasoning Test. The main findings of this study are robust due to the choice of obesity indicator and estimation methods.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health status indicators Australia"
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Walker, Agnes Emilia. "Modelling the links between socioeconomic status and health in Australia : a dynamic microsimulation approach /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060127.120857/index.html.
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Katzenellenbogen, Judith Masha. "Use of data linkage to enhance burden of disease estimates in Western Australia : the example of stroke." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0117.
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[Truncated abstract] The Disability-Adjusted Life Year index, developed by the Global Burden of Disease Study, is used extensively to compare disease burden between locations and over time. While calculation of the fatal component of this measure, Years of Life Lost, is relatively straight-forward, the non-fatal component, Years Lived with Disability, is based on parameters that are challenging to estimate. This thesis pioneers the use of the Western Australian Data Linkage System to enhance epidemiological parameters underpinning Years Lived with Disability, providing, by way of illustration, a robust quantitative profile of burden of stroke in the state of Western Australia at the turn of the 21st century. The principal methodological objective was to utilise data linkage analytic methods for the specific requirements of burden of disease estimation. The principal stroke-related objectives were: 1. To estimate the parameters underpinning the non-fatal burden of stroke (Years Lived with Disability) in Western Australia in 2000. 2. To estimate the total burden of stroke (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) in Western Australia in 2000. 3. To investigate differentials in stroke burden between different sub-populations in Western Australia. 4. To calculate projections of stroke burden for Western Australia in 2016. Years Lived with Disability from stroke were calculated for Western Australia from nonfatal stroke incidence, expected duration and disability (severity) weights. Non-fatal incidence was estimated using linked hospital and death records of first-ever hospitalised stroke 28-day survivors in 2000. This was then adjusted for out-of-hospital cases determined from the population-based Perth Community Stroke Study. iv Analysis of mortality in hospitalised 28-day survivors using linked data revealed that the excess mortality in prevalent, rather than incident cases was the main disease-specific parameter required for modelling stroke duration using DisMod II specialised software. ... Access to data linkage and population-based stroke studies in Western Australia allowed more accurate estimation of non-fatal stroke burden, with previous reports most likely underestimating disability as a contributor to total burden. Although predominantly affecting the growing aged population, stroke also affects a sizable number under the age of 65 years, the age group where differentials in stroke burden are the greatest. The findings highlight the continued need for primary prevention efforts for all ages, targeting especially younger people in disadvantaged groups. The shift to greater disability burden in the future and the needs of disadvantaged groups must be considered when planning stroke services. The multiple studies undertaken for this thesis contribute to ongoing improvement of data quality and methodological refinements underpinning estimates of Years Lived with Disability, specifically for stroke, but applicable also to other diseases. Similar linked data approaches can be used in other Australian states in the future once infrastructure is developed, thereby improving estimates of disease burden for health policy and planning in the future.
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Rashed, Shifa Rahman. "Health status in Bangladesh : a critical review /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21981802.
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Lucas, Robyn Marjorie. "Socioeconomic status and health : exploring biological pathways /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060426.095241/index.html.
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Chan, Wai, and 陳衛. "Social indicators for health in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975689.
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Deeley, D. M. "Evaluating indicators of ecological health for estuaries in southwest Australia." Thesis, Deeley, D.M. (2001) Evaluating indicators of ecological health for estuaries in southwest Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3371/.
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A broad range of environmental indicators were evaluated to determine their suitability for describing the early onset of nutrient enrichment in south-west Australian estuaries. The southwest of Australia experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Most of the south-west estuarine catchments have been extensively cleared for agricultural and urban development and have been loosing unacceptably high loads of nutrients. Symptoms of nutrient enrichment have been observed in many south-west estuaries.
An evaluation of fifty years of historical water quality data defined the range of normal behaviour for these systems together with the nature of rarer extreme events. It was found that south-west Australian estuaries are highly variable in space and time and appear to be more susceptible to nutrient enrichment than those observed elsewhere in Australia.
While there may be significant fluctuations in physico-chemical conditions and the structure of biological communities in ecosystems subjected to natural variability and anthropogenic stressors, it is possible that the junction of biological communities in these situations is less affected by these types of perturbations. Several indicators of biological function (rates and processes) were developed and evaluated to determine whether they offered a greater degree of diagnostic precision (early warning) than measures of stocks and status (inventory).
In evaluating various environmental indicators, it was found that no single indicator was able to unambiguously define the interactions between physic-chemical and biological processes and the response of these systems to anthropogenic and natural stressors. It has been concluded that a broad range of potential indicators must be evaluated simultaneously, in order to define baseline conditions, measurement endpoints and trends to inform catchment and estuarine management and restoration. Increased confidence in the selected indicator suite can flow from an evaluation of the monotonicity of correlated indicators, especially when assessments show consistent patterns for physico-chemical measures and measures of biotic community structure across several trophic groups.
Traditional physic-chemical indicators have provided reliable information in me past, but problems have arisen when relating these measures to biological endpoints, particularly for estuaries with significant seasonal and inter-annual variability. In the absence of biological data for estuarine ecosystems experiencing significant seasonal and inter-annual variability, socio--economic indicators of catchment land use practices may be the only option. Paleolimnological investigations may also provide additional insight into patterns of natural variability over the longer term, but the degree of taxonomic resolution required and requirements for supporting stable isotope analysis, may consume considerable resources.
Autotrophic protistans (periphyton, phytoplankton), appear to be useful for describing nutrient enrichment, salinity and other physico-chemical conditions, but complicating factors such as the nature of coupling of secondary predation need to be identified. Autecology of local indicator species also needs to be defined. Zooplankton appear to be limited as environmental indicators, but because of their potential role in grazing and materials transfer, they may be useful as elements of biotic indices across several trophic groups. One of the major impediments to using planktonic organisms for inferring the condition of estuarine health is the considerable vertical, horizontal and temporal heterogeneity displayed by these organisms in both disturbed and undisturbed systems.
More recently, benthic macro-invertebrates have been successfully used to describe the nature and magnitude of organic enrichment of estuaries. Community structure, biomass and relative abundance of functional groups and indicator species have also been developed and used as environmental indicators. Problems may occur in the use of these organisms to infer health in south-west estuaries because of the presence of naturally immature communities and variable colonization dynamics where there is significant seasonal and inter-annual variability.
Inventory measures of community structure have problems because of a lack of information about exchange pathways connecting system components and unknown interactions between diversity, stability and resilience of the ecosystem. Species richness, diversity indices and measures of biomass have probably been the most widely used indicators in the majority of published works, but generally without appropriate critical analysis of their utility. Biomass appears to have less inter-annual variability than do other measures of community structure.
A myriad of biotic indices (ratios of functional groups) within and across trophic levels have been described in the international literature. There are problems in defining weightings and concordance methods for elements contributing to biotic indices and the loss of valuable information during these types of data reduction limit their potential. Detailed autecology of members of functional groups are required for biotic indices and this type of information is potentially available for some cosmopolitan species, but generally lacking for endemic species which may describe important nuances of the local environment.
As with biotic indices, there is a range of combined metrics described in the literature. Metrics generally combine physico-chemical elements, and may include some biological information. Many of the problems with biotic indices apply equally to metrics, but when calibrated for a particular local situation, they offer considerable discriminatory power.
Assessment of early colonisation dynamics and the responsiveness of periphyton communities to nutrient additions provided insights into some key processes in south-west estuaries. Periphyton communities in estuaries with a past history of nutrient enrichment responded well to nutrient additions while communities in less disturbed estuaries did not respond as readily. This infers that opportunistic species able to respond rapidly to nutrient additions may become established in estuaries having a nutrient enrichment history while they may be less able to maintain a viable presence in less enriched estuaries. While showing promise, additional testing and refinement of these process indicators would better define their potential as early warning indicators of nutrient enrichment for south-west estuaries.
For describing the ecological health of south-west Australian estuaries, physico-chemical indicators of catchment and estuarine water quality and socio-economic measures of catchment land use history may be of use. If assumptions about the linearity of interactions between the diversity of biotic communities and the stability and resilience of ecosystem function are valid, then conventional measures of community structure will also provide useful insights.
The ongoing selection, evaluation and refinement of environmental indicators for assessing the ecological health of south-west Australian estuaries, needs to proceed as a close partnership between land and waterway managers and scientific specialists.
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Ashwear, Nasseradeen. "Vibration Frequencies as Status Indicators for Tensegrity Structures." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Strukturmekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145164.
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Applications of vibration structural health monitoring (VHM) techniques are increasing rapidly. This is because of the advances in sensors and instrumentation during the last decades. VHM uses the vibration properties to evaluate many civil structures during the design steps, building steps and service life. The stiffness and frequencies of tensegrity structures are primarily related to the level of pre-stress. The present work investigates the possibilities to use this relation in designing, constructing and evaluating the tensegrity structures. The first part of the present work studies the improvement of current models for resonance frequency simulation of tensegrities by introducing the bending behaviour of all components, and by a one-way coupling between the axial force and the stiffness. From this, both local and global vibration modes are obtained. The resonance frequencies are seen as non-linearly dependent on the pre-stress level in the structure, thereby giving a basis for diagnosis of structural conditions from measured frequencies. The new aspects of tensegrity simulations are shown for simple, plane structures but the basic methods are easily used also for more complex structures. In the second part, the environmental temperature effects on vibration properties of tensegrity structures have been investigated, considering primarily seasonal temperature differences (uniform temperature differences). Changes in dynamic characteristics due to temperature variations were compared with the changes due to decreasing pre-tension in one of the cables. In general, it is shown that the change in structural frequencies made by temperature changes could be equivalent to the change made by damage (slacking). Different combinations of materials used and boundary conditions are also investigated. These are shown to have a significant impact on the pre-stress level and the natural frequencies of the tensegrity structures when the environment temperature is changed.Användandet av vibrationsbaserade hälsokontrollsmetoder (VHM) för strukturer ökar snabbt.Detta har möjliggjorts av utvecklingen inom mätmetoder och mätutrus- tning under de senaste decennierna.Dessa metoder använder sig av de uppmätta eller simulerade vibrationsegenskaperna underdesign-, uppbyggnads- och nyttjandestadierna hos många slag av byggnadsverk. Styvheten och resonansfrekvenserna hos tensegritets-strukturer är i hög grad beroendepå den aktuella förspänningsnivån. Föreliggande arbete undersöker möjlig- heterna attanvända detta beroende i konstruktion, byggande och utvärdering av sådana strukturer. Den första delen av föreliggande arbete studerar förbättringar av de vanligen användamodellerna för simulering av resonansfrekvenser hos tensegritetsstrukturergenom att införa de ingående komponenternas böjningsegenskaper, och genom att i enriktning koppla normalkraften till böjstyvheten. Genom detta kan såväl lokala som globalavibrationsmoder hittas. Resonansfrekvenserna ses därmed som icke-linjärt beroende avförspänningsnivån i strukturen. Detta ger därmed möjligheter att diagnosticera strukturenskondition från uppmätta frekvenser. De nya simuleringsmöjligheternademonstreras för enkla, plana strukturer, men de utvecklade metoderna kan också lättanpassas till mera komplexa fall. Den andra delen av arbetet undersöker hur strukturernas vibrationsegenskaper ärberoende på temperatureffekter i omgivningen. I första hand beaktas säsongsvisa (likformiga)temperaturvariationer. Förändringar i de dynamiska egenskaperna beroende påtemperaturförändringar jämfördes med dem som beror på en minskande förspänning hos någonav de ingående kablarna. I allmänhet gäller att förändringarna i resonansfrekvenser kanvara av samma storleksordning som de som beror på skador (minskad förspänning).Olika kombinationer av material, och olika upplagsförhållanden undersöktes.Dessa egenskaper visades ha en betydande effekt på förspänningsnivån, och därmed ocksåpå resonansfrekvenserna, hos tensegritets-strukturerna som utsätts för temperaturvariationer.
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Tomasulo, Gregory C. "The relationship of abuse to women's health status and health habits." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103233433.
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Boles, Brian Nelson. "An examination of relationships among indicators of socioeconomic status, health status, and selected health care utilization for fund allocation /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21255.pdf.
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Young, Erina J. "Health and disease status of sea turtles in Western Australia." Thesis, Young, Erina J (2022) Health and disease status of sea turtles in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/66116/.
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The current state of sea turtle health in the Indian Ocean is largely unknown, especially for the endemic flatback turtle (Natator depressus) which is listed as ‘vulnerable’ in Western Australia (WA) and ‘data deficient’ globally. Anecdotally, the causes of illness, injury, and death in Western Australian turtles are comparable to those in other parts of Australia and the world (e.g., spirorchiidiasis, fibropapillomatosis, and marine debris interaction) but scientific studies to validate these reports are particularly limited in this region. To address these knowledge gaps, causes of both live and dead turtle strandings in WA were investigated through an array of veterinary diagnostic techniques including necropsy, clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, histopathology, parasitology, microbiology, toxicology, and molecular analyses. Health assessments were conducted on live animals to determine baseline levels of health and disease for specific populations, predominately nesting and foraging flatback turtles.
Through these health and disease investigations, baselines were developed, along with the discovery of new diseases in flatback turtles including a novel haemoparasite, Haemocystidium spp., occurring specifically in the foraging life stage; a potentially emerging zoonotic bacterium, Streptococcus iniae associated with a multi-species mass mortality event involving post-hatchlings; as well as spirorchiidiasis, previously unreported in this species. Other unusual and emerging diseases were also reported in sea turtles in this study, including microsporidial myopathy, salt gland adenitis, gout, and pseudogout.
In this study, natural disease-related causes of mortality occurred more frequently than direct anthropogenic causes, with parasitoses the most frequently occurring natural disease. Spirorchiidiaisis was the most common cause of mortality (32.0%) with a prevalence of 93.2% in turtles susceptible to the disease (i.e., excluding the post-hatchling life stage). The next most common cause of mortality was unknown (17.3%), followed by trauma (13.3%), endoparasitosis (10.7%), infectious disease (6.7%), and pneumonia (6.7%), with the remaining mortality categories each accounting for less than 5% of cases (including systemic inflammation, osmoregulatory disorder, gastrointestinal impaction, gastrointestinal foreign body, fibropapillomatosis, and metabolic disorder).
We developed the first flatback turtle reference intervals (RIs) in Reference Value Advisor (RefVal v2.1) following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines. We found flatback turtle RIs were generally similar to other published sea turtle RIs and reference values (RVs) but detected significant differences in our study for the various boundary conditions including life stage (nesting or foraging), as well for measurement methodology (field or laboratory tests), justifying the establishment of separate RIs/RVs for nesting and foraging flatbacks, and for field and laboratory techniques.
This study was the first sea turtle health and disease investigation in WA and the eastern Indian Ocean to offer broader insights into sea turtle health and disease status on a regional scale. These essential baselines provided a number of crucial functions which include serving as a reference point for future studies to monitor changes in population health and disease levels. Specifically, these baseline data will be useful for future comparative studies of the same population where changes are an indication of a changing environment. The blood RIs can be used for disease diagnosis, monitoring progress and assessing prognosis of clinical flatback turtle cases in rehabilitation. Considering that diseases in the marine environment are predicted to rise with increasing anthropogenic pressures, detection of new and emerging diseases is of significance to the global knowledge of sea turtle diseases; and for understanding and mitigating disease threats to sea turtle populations. Finally, this study provided a framework to integrate health into future conservation management decisions to ensure the long-term survival of sea turtles.
Books on the topic "Health status indicators Australia"
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Draper, Glenn. Health inequalities in Australia: Mortality. Canberra: Queensland University of Technology and Australian Institute Health and Welfare, 2004.
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Poulos, Leanne. Burden of disease due to asthma in Australia 2003. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2009.
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Poulos, Leanne. Burden of disease due to asthma in Australia 2003. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2009.
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Mathers, Colin. Health differentials among adult Australians aged 25-64 years. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1994.
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Mathers, Colin. Health expectancies in Australia 1981 and 1988. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1991.
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Bhatia, Kuldeep. An overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health: Present status and future trends : an information paper. Canberra: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1995.
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Mathers, Colin. The burden of disease and injury in Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1999.
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Looper, Michael de. Australian health trends 2001. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2001.
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Australian Centre for Asthma Monitoring. Measuring the impact of asthma on quality of life in the Australian population. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004.
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Begg, Stephen. The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Health status indicators Australia"
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Morgenstern, Wolfgang, Victor K. Ivanov, Anatoli I. Michalski, Anatoli F. Tsyb, and Gotthard Schettler. "Health Status Indicators." In Mathematical Modelling with Chernobyl Registry Data, 45–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80010-8_3.
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Vonneilich, Nico. "Social Status, Social Relations, and Health." In Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_11.
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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the current state of research on social status, social relations, and health. The focus is on two questions: (1) Is there evidence of an explanatory contribution of social relationships on the association of social status and health (mediating effect of social relationships), and (2) do associations of social relations and health vary in different social status groups (moderating effect of social status)? There is evidence that social relationships can help explain health inequalities. The current state of research on the moderating effect is less clear. Although there are indications of a moderating effect, the results for both questions vary greatly regarding indicators used for social relationships or health. Research on these questions has so far neglected a more complex measurement of social relations, such as in social networks. Complex assessments of social relations might help in finding more detailed insights.
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Xu, Jun, Xiangzhu Gao, Golam Sorwar, and Peter Croll. "Current Status, Challenges, and Outlook of E-Health Record Systems in Australia." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 683–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37832-4_62.
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Rice, Valerie J., and Baoxia Liu. "Demographics, Military Status, and Physical Health as Indicators of Personal Resilience Among U.S. Active Duty Service Members and Veterans." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 433–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41652-6_40.
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Davern, Melanie, Petrina Dodds Buckley, and Pieta Bucello. "Indicators Supporting Public Health, Partnership, Liveability and Integrated Planning Practice: The Case Study of the Cardinia Shire Growth Area in Melbourne, Australia." In Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being, 115–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48182-7_7.
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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Slippery FACTs: The Rise of a “mandated” Animal Welfare Science." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 175–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62792-8_10.
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AbstractThis chapter assesses the growing importance and institutionalisation of animal welfare science after 1965. It also analyses the science’s status as a “mandated discipline” tasked with establishing welfare definitions and evaluating production systems. The institutionalisation of welfare science benefited from new official funding streams and sponsorship from non-governmental bodies like the RSPCA and Ruth Harrison’s FACT. Although early hopes for universal welfare indicators were disappointed, three distinct welfare approaches emerged: (1) a first approach evaluated classic physiological indicators of animals’ basic health and biological functioning, (2) a second approach employed a mix of physiological and behavioural methods to study how animals cope with farm environments, and (3) a third approach focused on the “naturalness” of different production systems. Disagreements over how to weight welfare factors coincided with challenges to scientists’ authority by animal rights campaigners. Scientists also faced the challenge of meeting funder expectations without compromising research integrity.
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Falk Erhag, Hanna. "Good Self-Rated Health as an Indicator of Personal Capability in Old Age." In International Perspectives on Aging, 51–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_5.
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AbstractSelf-rated health, or self-assessed health, is based on asking individuals to evaluate their general health status on a four- or five-point scale, with response options ranging from ‘very good’ to ‘very poor’. This simple question has been one of the most frequently used health indicators for decades. In nursing research, the voices, interpretations and understanding of humans, as well as their ability to shape their experiences, are studied through the collection and analysis of primarily qualitative materials that are subjective and narrative in nature. However, knowledge about subjective experiences of health and illness, situated and filtered through the life-world of the individual, can also be sought using other approaches. The aim of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, it aims to outline perspectives on how epidemiology and population-based studies of self-rated health as an indicator of subjective experiences can generate new evidence to solve nursing problems and expand nursing knowledge. Secondly, based on the hypothesis that there is an association between good self-rated health and a person’s capability to master the gains and losses of late life, the chapter also aims to describe how personal capability can be operationalised as self-rated health, given that this seemingly simple question delegates to the individual the task of synthesising, in a single evaluation, the many dimensions that make up the complex concept of health and wellbeing in old age. Although a person’s capabilities are dependent on a large variety of factors, at the individual level, symptom experience, chronic illnesses and functional disability are paramount. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus will be on self-rated health as an indicator of personal capability in the fourth age – the period of late life characterised by illness, frailty, impairment and dependence on others. To study self-rated health during this period of life is especially interesting in that the discrepancy between subjective and objective health seems to increase with age, and older olds tend to rate their health as better than younger olds given the same level of disease and functioning.
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Capecchi, Irene, Gianluca Grilli, Elena Barbierato, and Sandro Sacchelli. "A Spatial Multi-criteria Decision Support System for Stress Recovery-Oriented Forest Management." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 171–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_12.
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AbstractA solution to cope with chaotic urban settlements and frenetic everyday life is refuging in nature as a way to reduce stress. In general—in recent years—it has been scientifically demonstrated how natural areas are an important environment for psycho-physiological health. As a consequence, it is important to plan dedicated spaces for stress recovery in order to increase the well-being of people. With respect to forests, there is a growing interest in understanding the marketing and tourist potential of forest-therapy activities and policies. This paper develops a decision support system (DSS) for decision makers, based on geographic information system to define the suitability of forest areas to improve psychological and physiological human well-being. Innovative technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG) and virtual reality (VR) are applied to test human status. The DSS combines four sets of indicators in a multi-attribute decision analysis and identifies the areas with the largest stress-recovery potential. Two multi-attribute model—one in summer and one in winter—are elaborated to obtain a dynamic evaluation of suitability. Results show significant differences among forest type, forest management, altitude range, and season in terms of stand suitability. EEG and VR seem to be promising technologies in this research area. Strengths and weaknesses of the approach, as well as potential future improvement and implications for territorial marketing, are suggested.
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"Health Status Indicators." In Analyzing Form, Function, and Financing of the U.S. Health Care System, 29–41. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19084-5.
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"Health Status Indicators." In Analyzing Form, Function, and Financing of the U.S. Health Care System, 55–68. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19084-9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Health status indicators Australia"
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Rezaeian, N., L. Tang, and M. Hardie. "PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS AND RISKS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.42.
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The construction industry faces many challenges, one of which is the difficult to define psychosocial influences. The construction sector has highly demanding employment conditions, long working hours and sometimes unfeasible terms of project execution. Psychosocial influences represent emotional as well as physiological characteristics which impact the immediate environment. Some construction personnel face psychosocial problems that can lead to depression or suicide. The research conducted in this paper focuses on the psychosocial status of personnel working in construction companies, in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the psychosocial hazards observed in the construction industry in NSW. Practitioners in two private construction companies and one government department having construction project management experience in NSW were involved in the survey. The data analysis indicates that most workers experienced being pressured to stay back and work long hours. This led to workers being ‘very frequently’ tired. Regarding bullying, Respondents reported that the frequency of they experienced ‘exclusion or isolation from workplace activities’ was ‘monthly’. Being ‘Subjects of gossip or false, malicious rumours’ was reported as happening ‘weekly’ and ‘Humiliation through gestures, sarcasm, criticism or insults’ was said to happen ‘almost daily’. This study's findings indicate that construction projects could have unaddressed psychosocial hazards and risks, each of which may be a potential factor for accidents and occupational and psychological injuries. The data displayed from this research could help understand psychosocial hazards. Spreading awareness on the issue can hopefully be a step towards improving the mental health of construction workers while decreasing the overall suicide rate.
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Wedanage, Koliya Webadu, Rohan Wickramasuriya, Khin Than Win, and Pascal Perez. "Investigating leading indicators for hospitalisation in Australia using health insurance claims data." In 2022 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci54379.2022.9741002.
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Seke, Kristina, Ljiljana Marković-Denić, Velimir Štavljanin, Zoran Radojičić, and Nataša Petrović. "Environment, Lifestyle and Health Status: a European Perspective." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.64.
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Although population health cannot be measured in exact measurable form, a large number of concepts have been developed, and measurements have been framed through the presence of many different indicators. The impact of the environment on human health is well known. However, attention should be paid that no significant number of papers focused on the co-occurrence of environmental and lifestyle determinants on health status. This paper aims to emphasize the joint influence of environmental and lifestyle determinants on the European population's health status. The study was based on the World Health Organization statistical data, and 50 European countries were included. Three data sets were observed: Health status, Environmental, and Lifestyle indicators. Taking into account a large number of data, multivariate analyzes were applied. Results indicate that co-occurrence of environmental and lifestyle determinants have a significant impact on the health status in Europe.
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Zhang, Yintie, Ziqian Li, Rui Yang, Wei Han, Huafei Yang, Guangming Fan, and Lijun Wang. "Research on the Evaluation Model of Key Indicators of Power Internet Health Status." In 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipec54454.2022.9777548.
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Морякина, Светлана Васильевна, Малика Сулимовна Джабраилова, and Седа Габисовна Тайсумова. "HEALTH STATUS OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTITUTION BASED ON HEMODYNAMIC INDICATORS STUDY." In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ “Нацразвитие” (Санкт-Петербург, Август 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/aug292.2020.75.34.007.
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Статья затрагивает жизненно важные проблемы, касающиеся здоровья и работоспособности студентов с разным тиром конституции. В городе Грозном нами были проведены исследования состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы студентов мужского пола в возрасте от 20 до 24 лет с разным соматотипом. The article deals with vital problems relating to the health and performance of students with different types of the constitution. In the city of Grozny, we conducted studies on the state of the cardiovascular system of male students aged 20 to 24 years with different somatotype.
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Gantini, Tuti, Nataliningsih Nataliningsih, and Gijanto Purbo Suseno. "Determining Factors in Improving Poor Family Food Security and Allocation of Food Consumption Cost Based on Indicators Status of Children’s Nutritional Status." In International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.003.
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De Lazzari, Beatrice, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Federico Caramia, Filippo Lupi, Paolo Salvatore, and Valentina Camomilla. "Can Health Status and Lifestyle Indicators Predict Amateur Soccer Players Performance Level? A Preliminary Study." In 10th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011523900003321.
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Romash, Ivan, Iryna Romash, Muhailo Vynnyk, Anna Polinyk, and Olena Yevchyk. "Peculiarities of individual indicators of anxiety-depressive symptoms in students from medical university in the period of altered psychoemotional status." In III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MENTAL HEALTH CARE “Mental Health: Global challenges of XXI century”. NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/pscproceedings.issue-2019.rvrpy.23.
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Fukuda, Shuichi, Yuki Matsuda, Yutaka Arakawa, and Keiichi Yasumoto. "Statistical Analysis between Sleep Status and Occupational Health Indicators for Detecting Depression Signs in Healthy Workers." In 2021 Thirteenth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network (ICMU). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icmu50196.2021.9638882.
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Kasohov, T. B., E. V. Alborova, L. V. Pavlovskaya, A. I. Mazur, S. K. Karyaeva, I. I. Magaev, and A. V. Alborova. "Indicators of Immune Status in Children with Respiratory Allergies Living in the Area of Environmental Distress." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being in Modern Society (ICHW 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichw-19.2019.32.
Full textReports on the topic "Health status indicators Australia"
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Heslin, Kevin, and Johanna Alfier. Sexual Orientation Differences in Access to Care and Health Status, Behaviors, and Beliefs: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Survey of Family Growth, and National Health Interview Survey. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:115982.
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This report demonstrates uses of three National Center for Health Statistics data systems to study differences in health by sexual orientation. Sexual orientation differences in a broad selection of health indicators were examined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Survey of Family Growth, and the National Health Interview Survey.
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Gindi, Renee. Health, United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:100685.
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Health, United States, 2019 is the 43rd report on the health status of the nation and is submitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Service Act. This report was compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Health, United States series presents an annual overview of national trends in key health indicators. The 2019 report presents trends and current information on selected measures of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and access, health risk factors, prevention, health insurance, and personal health care expenditures in a 20-figure chartbook. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook is supplemented by several other products including Trend Tables, an At-a-Glance table, and Appendixes available for download on the Health, United States website at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/ index.htm. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook contains 20 figures and 20 tables on health and health care in the United States. Examining trends in health informs the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies and programs. The first section (Figures 1–13) focuses on health status and determinants: life expectancy, infant mortality, selected causes of death, overdose deaths, suicide, maternal mortality, teen births, preterm births, use of tobacco products, asthma, hypertension, heart disease and cancer, and functional limitations. The second section (Figures 14–15) presents trends in health care utilization: use of mammography and colorectal tests and unmet medical needs. The third section (Figures 16–17) focuses on health care resources: availability of physicians and dentists. The fourth section (Figures 18–20) describes trends in personal health care expenditures, health insurance coverage, and supplemental insurance coverage among Medicare beneficiaries. The Highlights section summarizes major findings from the Chartbook. Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2019. Hyattsville, MD. 2021.
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Bolton, Laura. Global Health Funds and Humanitarian Programming. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.144.
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There is a lack of reporting on the connection between Humanitarian Country Team Health Clusters and the three funds (the Global Fund, the Gavi Alliance, and the Global Financing Facility (GFF)), both generally and for the three countries of focus (Mozambique, Uganda, and Nigeria). The Global Fund is noted to partner with the Global Health Cluster but details were not identified within the scope of this report. Global Fund A Global Fund board meeting report and a review of Fund investments in challenging operating environments notes partnering and joining with the Global Health Clusters but does not give detail of specific countries. The Global Fund does not include Mozambique or Uganda in their list of challenging operating environments. There are reports of emergency funding being allocated for refugees in Uganda, and for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Mozambique. Countries are encouraged to include refugees in their funding requests to the Global Fund. Some Global Fund supported operations for HIV treatment in Mozambique have been interrupted as people receiving treatment fled from violence. Partners in provinces where the displaced are arriving are implementing emergency plans to maintain continuity of care. A Global Fund initiative for removing human-rights barriers to health treatment does not list refugees or IDPs as vulnerable groups for HIV programming. The same initiative in Uganda did specifically support distribution of nets to help prevent malaria. A 2017 audit report on Global Fund grant management in high-risk environments found inadequate early warning mechanisms to identify risk levels of grants. Gavi Alliance Gavi Alliance policy documentation states that a flexible and tailored approach is taken to achieve equity in fragile or emergency situations and for the needs of displaced populations. Requests for flexible support are based on specific needs which must be justified. The policy puts a strong emphasis on ensuring the inclusion of displaced populations. It encourages governments to provide immunisations independent of residency and legal status. They provide extra support where justified for displaced people. Very little information on Gavi activity in the countries of focus for this report was found. Global Financing Facility The GFF 2021-2025 strategy reports offering support in complex humanitarian settings but detail is not included. An earlier report describes GFF support in Nigeria where the Facility were able to finance a targeted project in a short timeframe. Distinction is made between this type of support and emergency support which is not part of the design of the GFF and is unable to quickly release lifesaving funds in emergency situations. The short timeframe funding was provided to support the Nigerian State Health Investment Project where violence had disrupted health services and where health indicators were poor. Mobile health teams were contracted out to hard-to-reach areas. Outreach included psychosocial support.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Abuya, Timothy, and Wangari Ng'ang'a. Report: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1064.
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In the last two decades, Kenya has attained middle-income status and established a diverse and private-sector-driven economy. On several socIo-economic indicators, such as education, gender equality, and democracy, Kenya scores much higher than its peers. More than two-thirds of Kenyans are under 35 years of age, thus the country’s development hinges on the quality of its youth—their levels of education and skills, their values and attitudes, and the quality of their health and productivity. While Kenya’s investments in the development of its human capital positions the country well to sustain accelerated growth, the trajectory is threatened by high rates of malnutrition, which contributes to the country’s disease burden and has a large effect on socio-economic development. About 26 percent of children in Kenya are stunted, and evidence indicates that poor nutrition in early life can create consequences for learning and future productivity. Women who were stunted as children are likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies, which is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality. This report analyzes the status of stunting in Kenya from a household perspective and points to pathways for addressing it.
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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson, and Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.
Full textAbstract:
Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.
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Weissinger, Rebecca. Evaluation of hanging-garden endemic-plant monitoring at Southeast Utah Group national parks, 2013–2020. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294868.
Full textAbstract:
Hanging gardens are the most common type of spring at Arches National Park (NP) and Natural Bridges National Monument (NM). They are also present at Canyonlands National Park, but hanging gardens are rare off the Colorado Plateau. Their cliffside setting provides stable access to water without flood disturbance. This combination provides unique habitat that is rich in endemic plant species. The diffuse, seeping emergence of water makes measuring springflow impossible at most sites. Park managers have an interest in monitoring hanging gardens—especially as the climate warms and aridity and water demand both increase. The Northern Colorado Plateau Net-work (NCPN) proposed methods for monitoring seven perennial endemic-plant species at hanging gardens as indicators of spring health and proxies for water availability. Because hanging gardens occur on bedrock outcrops, systematic or random sampling was not possible due to safety concerns and potential resource damage on steep, wet slopes. Examining eight years (2013–2020) of data, this report evaluates the suitability of endemic-plant count data at hanging gardens as a monitoring indicator. It also provides our first evaluation of status and trends at NCPN hanging gardens. The seven species included in monitoring were Rydberg’s thistle (Cirsium rydbergii), Kachina daisy (Erigeron kachinensis), alcove death camas (Zigadenus vaginatus), alcove bog orchid (Habenaria zothecina), cave primrose (Primula specuicola), alcove columbine (Aquilegia micrantha), and Eastwood’s monkeyflower (Mimulus eastwoodiae). Six of the seven species were found at each park. Up to 500 individuals of each species were counted at 42 hanging gardens in Arches NP, 14 hanging gardens in Natural Bridges NM, and 3 hanging gardens in Canyonlands NP. Larger populations were divided into count classes of 501–1,000, 1,001–10,000, and more than 10,000 individuals. Counts from two independent observers and from back-to-back years of sampling were compared for repeatability. Repeatability in count classes was less than 50% for Kachina daisy and Eastwood’s monkeyflower, which both propagate vegetatively via ramets and/or stolons. Repeatability was greater than 90% for only one species, Rydberg’s thistle. The remaining species were categorized in different classes between 15–40% of the time. Independent-observer comparisons were only available for 6.6% of the dataset, but these observations suggested that (1) observer bias was present and (2) the observer with more experience working in hanging gardens generally had higher counts than the observer with less experience in this system. Although repeatability was variable, it was within the range reported by other studies for most species. The NCPN, in discussion with park staff, has elected to make some modifications to the protocol but will continue using endemic plant counts as an indicator of hanging-garden health to maintain a biological variable as a complement to our physical-response data. This is due to their high value to park biodiversity and the difficulty of developing a more robust approach to monitoring in these sites. Endemic-plant monitoring will continue for the five species with the highest repeatability during pilot monitoring and will focus on detecting changes in smaller populations. Most hanging gardens have more than one endemic species present, so several populations can be tracked at each site. Our period of record is relatively brief, and the distribution of endemic-plant populations in different count classes at these sites has not yet shown any statistical trends over time. Be-cause of the large count classes, our methods are more sensitive to showing change in smaller populations (fewer than 500 individuals). Small populations are also of greatest concern to park managers because of their vulnerability to declines or extirpation due to drought. Over-all, more sites had endemic-plant populations of fewer than 100 individuals at the end...