Academic literature on the topic 'Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates'
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Journal articles on the topic "Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates"
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Vafaee-Shahi, Mohammad, Elaheh Soltanieh, Hossein Saidi, and Aina Riahi. "Etiology, Risk Factors, Mortality and Morbidity of Status Epilepticus in Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran." Open Neurology Journal 14, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02014010095.
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Background: Risk factors identification associated with status epilepticus is valuable in order to prevent morbidity and mortality in children. This study aimed to consider the etiology, risk factors, morbidity and mortality in children with status epilepticus. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 119 patients aged from one month old to 15 years old. Patients’ data were recorded, including basic demographic, etiology and clinical information. The different risk factors correlated to morbidity and mortality were evaluated in this study. Results: The most common etiologies were acute symptomatic and febrile status epilepticus by 32.8% and 22.7%, respectively. Abnormal brain imaging results were reported far more frequently in patients with a history of neurodevelopmental delay and previous status epilepticus (p<0.001). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 18.9% and 10.9%, respectively; while these rates in patients with delayed development (45.16% and 18.42%, respectively) were significantly higher than patients with normal development (8% and 7.4%, respectively). The morbidity rates in patients with previous seizures and previous status epilepticus were remarkably higher than those without previous history of seizure (26.41% vs 11.32%; p=0.047) and without previous status epilepticus (36.36% versus 14.28%; p=0.018). The length of hospital stay in patients with mortality was considerably longer than patients without mortality (12.30 ± 16.1 days vs 7.29 ± 6.24 days; p=0.033). The mortality rate in patients with normal Lumbar Puncture result was notably lower than those with abnormal LP result (2.9% vs 50%). The morbidity rate in patients with abnormal brain imaging results (p<0.001) was significantly greater than those in patients with normal results. The mortality rate was relatively higher in patients with abnormal imaging results compared to those normal results. Etiology was an important predictor of mortality and morbidity rates; acute symptomatic (32.8%), febrile status epilepticus (22.7%) and remote symptomatic (16.8%) etiologies were the most common underlying causes of S.E. While in children less than 3 years old, the acute symptomatic etiology and febrile status epilepticus etiologies were estimated as the most common, in most patients older than 3 years old the most common etiology of status epilepticus was unknown. Congenital brain defects etiology had the highest mortality (36.36%) and morbidity (42.85%) rate. The lowest morbidity (3.84%) and mortality (0%) rates were for patients with febrile status epilepticus etiology. Conclusion: Age, developmental delay, history of previous status epilepticus, the length of hospital stay, abnormal brain imaging results and the underlying etiology of status epilepticus were associated with increased morbidity and mortality among children with status epilepticus.
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Crimmins, Eileen M., Mark D. Hayward, and Yasuhiko Saito. "Changing Mortality and Morbidity Rates and the Health Status and Life Expectancy of the Older Population." Demography 31, no. 1 (February 1994): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061913.
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Wilkinson, Tim J., and Richard Sainsbury. "The Association between Mortality, Morbidity and Age in New Zealand's Oldest Old." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 46, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9te4-jcb5-4c8t-pfk9.
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People aged eighty-five years and over (the oldest old) will form an increasing proportion of the population of New Zealand and many other countries. Because of their smaller numbers and relative inaccessibility, their health status has sometimes been extrapolated from populations of people aged sixty-five to eighty-four years. For people aged sixty-five to eighty-four years an exponential relationship is seen between age and morbidity and mortality. We explore if this exponential relationship extends to people aged ninety years and over. We analyzed data from the New Zealand 1991 Census and 1992 hospital discharge records and, for people aged sixty to eighty-nine years, confirmed an exponential relationship between age and mortality, inactivity, hospital utilization, and occupation of residential institutions. This exponential trend did not continue for people aged ninety years and over for whom mortality rates and indicators of morbidity were considerably lower than expected, and conclude that the actual health status of people aged ninety years and over is better than the status extrapolated from that of people aged sixty to eighty-nine years.
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Sinimole, K. R. "Emerging Patterns of Morbidity and Hospitalization— A Comparison of Kerala and Bihar." Illness, Crisis & Loss 28, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137317744249.
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Health status of the population is one of the significant indicators of social and economic well-being. Government of India has tried to ensure the highest possible health status of India’s population and access to quality health care through a number of policy documents. Improved overall health status and socioeconomic pressures have resulted in changes in the demographic profile. The type of health-care service requirement has changed due to the rise of lifestyle-related diseases and communicable diseases. It is also crucially relevant that maternal and infant mortality continue to remain unacceptably high in several parts of the country. States like Kerala have performed well and “Kerala Model Health System” is often viewed as a rare combination of higher order human development and not so noticeable pattern of consistent exponential economic growth. However, the well-known “Kerala Model Health System” has been facing a crisis due to the demographic transition in Kerala and it is reflected in its patterns of morbidity and hospitalization. Bihar, on the other hand, has low longevity and performs poor in terms of medical and educational facilities, and it has the lowest rates of reported morbidity. At this context, this article tries to assess the socioeconomic determinants of morbidity and hospitalization in the states of Kerala and Bihar.
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Rebhun, Uzi. "Inter-country variations in COVID-19 incidence from a social science perspective." Migration Letters 18, no. 4 (July 20, 2021): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i4.1254.
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COVID-19 has spread unevenly among countries. Beyond its pathogenicity and its contagious nature, it is of the utmost importance to explore the epidemiological determinants of its health outcomes. I focus on the thirty-six OECD member states and examine country-level characteristics of the timing of the coronavirus outbreak and its morbidity and case-fatality rates. I harvested data on dependent variables from daily WHO reports and information on the independent variables from official publications of major world organizations. I clustered the latter information under three rubrics—socio-demographic, risk behaviours, and economic and public health—and subjected the totality of the data to OLS regressions. Independent variables successfully explain much of the overall variance among OECD countries in morbidity (R2=50.0%) and mortality (R2=41.5%). Immigration stock enhanced the outbreak of the pandemic in host countries; it did not, however, had a significant effect neither on morbidity nor on mortality rates. Country economic status and healthcare services are significant in moderating the health outcomes of coronavirus infection. Nevertheless, the paramount determinants for restraining contagion and mortality are governmental measures. I speculate that this may reshape the equilibrium between push and pull factors hence, the international migration system in near future.
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Schnelldorfer, Thomas, and David B. Adams. "Should Elective Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis be Performed in High-Risk Patients?" American Surgeon 72, no. 7 (July 2006): 592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200705.
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As morbidity and mortality rates for pancreatic surgery have improved over the past decades, patients with major medical comorbidities have been considered for operative treatment. The influence of poor health status on operative morbidity in patients with chronic pancreatitis is evaluated in this study. The records of 313 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 78), distal pancreatectomy (n = 83), or lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (n = 152) for chronic pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients’ risk for adverse outcome resulting from overall health status was audited using age, comorbidities, and Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) physiological score. Univariate analysis showed that patient's age did not contribute to change in morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, P = 0.59). The presence of cardiac disease but not other comorbidities increased adverse outcome affected the need for intensive care unit stay and length of hospital stay (morbidity: 29% vs. 51%, OR = 2.6, P = 0.003). POSSUM physiological score was associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality (morbidity: OR = 1.16, P = 0.001; mortality: OR = 1.49, P = 0.001), in particular intraabdominal abscesses. Multivariate analysis showed that the only variable independently correlating with perioperative complications was POSSUM physiological score. Single comorbidities do not independently influence outcome after operations for chronic pancreatitis. A combination of several comorbidities is associated with an increase in postoperative infectious morbidity and mortality. High-risk patients should not be excluded from operative treatment, but need to be closely selected on a case-by-case basis.
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Burke, Rachel, Ralph Whitehead, Janet Figueroa, Denis Whelan, Anna Aceituno, Paulina Rebolledo, Rita Revollo, Juan Leon, and Parminder Suchdev. "Effects of Inflammation on Biomarkers of Vitamin A Status among a Cohort of Bolivian Infants." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091240.
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Globally, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects nearly 200 million children with negative health consequences. VAD can be measured by a retinol-binding protein (RBP) and serum retinol concentrations. Their concentrations are not always present in a 1:1 molar ratio and are affected by inflammation. This study sought to quantify VAD and its impact on infant mortality and infectious morbidity during the first 18 months of life in a cohort of mother-infant dyads in El Alto, Bolivia, while accounting for the previously mentioned measurement issues. Healthy mother-infant dyads (n = 461) were enrolled from two hospitals and followed for 12 to 18 months. Three serum samples were collected (at one to two, six to eight, and 12 to 18 months of infant age) and analyzed for RBP, and a random 10% subsample was analyzed for retinol. Linear regression of RBP on retinol was used to generate RBP cut-offs equivalent to retinol <0.7 µmol/L. All measures of RBP and retinol were adjusted for inflammation, which was measured by a C-reactive protein and alpha (1)-acid glycoprotein serum concentrations using linear regression. Infant mortality and morbidity rates were calculated and compared by early VAD status at two months of age. Retinol and RBP were weakly affected by inflammation. This association varied with infant age. Estimated VAD (RBP < 0.7 µmol/L) decreased from 71.0% to 14.8% to 7.7% at two, six to eight, and 12 to 18 months of age. VAD was almost nonexistent in mothers. Early VAD was not significantly associated with infant mortality or morbidity rates. This study confirmed a relationship between inflammation and vitamin A biomarkers for some subsets of the population and suggested that the vitamin A status in early infancy improves with age and may not have significantly affected morbidity in this population of healthy infants.
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Ransom, Montrece McNeill, Amelia Greiner, Chris Kochtitzky, and Kristin S. Major. "Pursuing Health Equity: Zoning Codes and Public Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, S1 (2011): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00576.x.
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Health equity can be defined as the absence of disadvantage to individuals and communities in health outcomes, access to health care, and quality of health care regardless of one’s race, gender, nationality, age, ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status. Health equity concerns those disparities in public health that can be traced to unequal, systemic economic, and social conditions. Despite significant improvements in the health of the overall population, health inequities in America persist. Racial and ethnic minorities continue to experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality than non-minorities across a range of health issues. For example, African-American children with asthma have a seven times greater mortality rate than Non-Hispanic white children with the illness. While cancer is the second leading cause of death among all populations in the U.S., ethnic minorities are especially burdened with the disease.
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Bradbury, R. C., J. H. Golec, and P. M. Steen. "Linking Health Outcomes and Resource Efficiency for Hospitalized Patients: Do Physicians with Low Mortality and Morbidity Rates Also Have Low Resource Expenditures?" Health Services Management Research 13, no. 1 (February 2000): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148480001300106.
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This study addresses the question of whether physicians with better health outcomes for their patients spend more or less to accomplish these results. Several studies have examined this outcome–cost relationship at the hospital level, but the results are conflicting. The study sample (using an administrative database [1995 MQPro Comparative Database, MediQual Systems, Inc., Westborough, MA, USA]) comprised 175 249 adult medical service admissions to 100 hospitals in 25 states spanning 26 diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) during 1993 and 1994. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the expected probability of in-hospital mortality or morbidity; age, sex, severity of illness on admission, year of admission, insurance status and hospital were controlled for. The regression residuals were employed as quality indicators. Residual charges and length of stay (LOS) were estimated for each patient using an ordinary least squares regression model and were employed as resource efficiency indicators. A positive, statistically significant association at the physician level was found between mean morbidity residuals and each of the three mean resource efficiency residuals (LOS, 1.42 beta coefficient; ancillary charges, 1.78; and total charges, 1.27, all significant at the P < 0.001 level). The same positive and significant association was found between mortality residuals and each resource efficiency residual (LOS, 0.77 beta coefficient; ancillary charges, 0.80; and total charges, 0.68, all significant at the P < 0.01 level) when patients staying only one or two days were excluded. The results support our hypothesis that, on average, physicians with lower adjusted mortality or morbidity rates also have lower adjusted resource expenditures.
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Lauret, Gert-Jan, Daniëlle C. W. van Dalen, Edith M. Willigendael, Erik J. M. Hendriks, Rob A. de Bie, Sandra Spronk, and Joep A. W. Teijink. "Supervised exercise therapy for intermittent claudication: current status and future perspectives." Vascular 20, no. 1 (February 2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/vasc.2011.ra0052.
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Intermittent claudication (IC) has a high prevalence in the older population and is closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. High mortality rates are reported due to ongoing atherosclerotic disease. Because of these serious health risks, treatment of IC should address reduction of cardiovascular events (and related morbidity/mortality) and improvement of the poor health-related quality of life (QoL) and functional capacity. In several randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews, supervised exercise therapy (SET) is compared with non-supervised exercise, usual care, placebo, walking advice or vascular interventions. The current evidence supports SET as the primary treatment for IC. SET improves maximum walking distance and health-related QoL with a marginal risk of co-morbidity or mortality. This is also illustrated in contemporary international guidelines. Community-based SET appears to be at least as efficacious as programs provided in a clinical setting. In the Netherlands, a national integrated care network (ClaudicatioNet) providing specialized care for patients with IC is currently being implemented. Besides providing a standardized form of SET, the specialized physical therapists stimulate medication compliance and perform lifestyle coaching. Future research should focus on the influence of co-morbidities on prognosis and effect of SET outcome and the potential beneficial effects of SET combined with a vascular intervention.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates"
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Patterson, Andrew C. "Loneliness as a risk factor for mortality and morbidity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1557.
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Studies over the past couple of decades have depicted loneliness as a significant concern to physical health, although its meaning for overall health outcomes is still unclear. The precise impact of loneliness on life expectancy and on specific disease processes remains unknown. With regression modeling techniques, this thesis uses data from the Alameda County Health and Ways of Living Study to characterize the impact of loneliness on self-rated health, mortality, and fatalities from specific diseases. A key hypothesis is that loneliness as a health problem hinges on its persistence over time. This hypothesis is also tested by examining the reliability of the loneliness measure across the full 34 years of the survey. A second test is to examine its interplay with marital status as a mutable social circumstance. Results show that loneliness is a risk factor for poor self-rated health, non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infections, and overall mortality. Results also show that loneliness need not be a stable problem across the life span in order to pose health risks. The reliability of the loneliness measure fades across time and levels of loneliness also vary with changes in marital status. Loneliness did not clearly mediate the impact of marital status on self-rated health, mortality, or specific causes of death.
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Beale, B. L. "Maternity services for urban Aboriginal women : experiences of six women in Western Sydney /." View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030613.161127/index.html.
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Son, Mia. "Occupational class and health : the differentials in mortality, morbidity and work place injury rates by occupation, education and work conditions in Korea." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2001. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646505/.
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A community-based surveillance system was developed and implemented in rural areas in Cambodia. The system aimed to provide timely and representative information on major health problems and life events that would permit rapid and effective control of outbreaks and communicable diseases in general in rural communities. In the system, lay people were trained as Village Health Volunteers to report suspected outbreaks, important infectious diseases, and vital events occurring in their communities to local health staff who analysed the data and gave feedback to the volunteers during their monthly meetings. An evaluation conducted one year after implementation of the community-based surveillance system began found that the system was able to detect outbreaks early, regularly monitor communicable disease trends, and to continuously provide updated information on pregnancies, births and deaths in the rural areas. The sensitivity and specificity of case reporting by Village Health Volunteers were found to be quite high. In addition, the community-based surveillance system triggered effective responses from both health staff and Village Health Volunteers in outbreak and disease control and prevention. The results suggest that a community-based surveillance system can successfully fill the gaps of the current health facility- based disease surveillance system in the rapid detection of outbreaks, in the effective monitoring of communicable diseases, and in the notification of vital events in rural Cambodia. Empowered local people and health staff can accurately report, analyse and act upon significant health problems in their community within a surveillance system they develop, own and operate. The community-based surveillance system could easily be integrated with the current disease surveillance system. Its replication or adaptation for use in other rural areas in Cambodia and in other developing countries would be likely feasible and beneficial, as well as cost-effective.
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Wussobo, Adane M. "Health and Poverty: The Issue of Health Inequalities in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6312.
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The objectives of this study are to provide a comprehensive assessment of inequalities in infant and under-five years' child survival, access to and utilisations of child health services among different socio-economic groups in Ethiopia; and identify issues for policies and programmes at national and sub-national levels. This thesis examines the effect of parental socioeconomic status, maternal and delivery care services, mothers' bio-demographic and background characteristics on the level of differences in infant and under-five years' child survival and access to and utilisation of child health services. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out for selected variables in the literature which were consider as the major determinants of infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-five years' child mortality rate (U5MR); access to and utilisations of child health services based on data from Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS), covering the years 2000-2005. In the multivariate analysis a logit regression model was used to estimates inequalities in infant and under-five years' child survival, and inequalities in access to and utilisation of child health services. In Ethiopia, little was known about inequalities in IMR and U5MR, and inequalities in access to and utilisation of child health services. Besides, there is no systematic analysis of health inequalities and into its determinants using logistic regression. According to the available literature, this is the first comprehensive and systematic analysis of inequality of health in Ethiopia. The findings show that compared to under-five years' children of mothers' partners with no work, mothers' partners in professional, technical and managerial occupations had 13 times more chance of under-five years child survival for 2000 weighted observations. In addition, compared to infants of mothers who were gave birth to one child in last 5 years preceding the survey, infants of mothers who were gave birth to 2 children in last 5 years preceding the survey had 70% less chance of infant survival while infants of mothers who were gave birth to 3 or more children had 89% less chance of infant survival for 2000 weighted observations. Moreover, this study finding also indicates that inequalities increased significantly in the five years period between 2000 and 2005 among mothers with different birth interval. Most of the relations between birth interval and receiving childhood immunisation for vaccine-preventable diseases were statistically significant. Moreover compared to non-educated mothers, mothers who completed secondary and higher education were nearly 10 times more likely to receive DPT3 immunisation for their young children. This study concludes that policy measures that tackle health inequalities will have a positive impact in the implementation of health sector strategy of Ethiopia. Health inequalities studies in Ethiopia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries should focus on systematic analysis of different socio-economic groups. The finding of this study support investing in the Ethiopia's health extension package (HEP) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for addressing rural poor health problem. HEP is successful in increasing primary health care coverage in rural Ethiopia to 89.6% (FMOH, 2009) but unable to reduce Ethiopia's higher level of IMR and U5MR. HEP is one of the success stories that address the rural poor health problem and can also be adapted to developing countries of SSA. The finding also shows that the success stories such as health insurance programs like Rwanda (World Bank, 2008a) and Ethiopia (FMOH, 2009/10) will play a key role in achieving country's health care financing goal of universal coverage. This can also be replicated in the developing SSA countries.
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Christoforo, Fatima 1964. "Nascer na região metropolitana de Campinas = avanços e desafios = Be born in the metropolitan region of Campinas : progress and challenges." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312595.
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Orientador: Eliana Martorano AmaralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:20:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christoforo_Fatima_D.pdf: 2258975 bytes, checksum: 26eb43ac3e7fb395496704555db4a6f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Objetivos: Estudar os indicadores de saúde materna e perinatal, e socioeconômicos de 19 municípios e avaliar as rotinas da assistência aos partos da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC). Sujeitos e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, associado a um estudo de casos de rotinas do cuidado na assistência ao parto em 16 maternidades públicas. Coletaram-se as informações referentes aos indicadores municipais a partir do DATASUS, da Fundação Seade e do censo de 2010. Para conhecer as intervenções realizadas nas 16 maternidades em entrevistas com médicos ou enfermeiros responsáveis, utilizaram-se o "Instrumento de avaliação de implantação das boas práticas na atenção à mulher e ao recém-nascido no parto" (Ministério da Saúde) e um questionário complementar próprio para o estudo. A coleta de dados ocorreu de dezembro de 2013 a outubro/2014. Utilizou-se análise descritiva para as práticas hospitalares e coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e Spearman para avaliar possíveis associações entre características socioeconômicos e demográficas e resultados obstétricos e perinatais. Resultados: As porcentagens de mães adolescentes, de renda ? 1 salário-mínimo (SM) e a taxa de analfabetismo se correlacionaram positivamente com a número de consultas pré-natais e com a taxa de mortalidade perinatal, porém inversamente com partos cesáreos. A renda média domiciliar per capita e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal foram correlacionados diretamente com partos cesáreos e inversamente com número de consultas pré-natais e com a taxa de mortalidade perinatal. A porcentagem de mães adolescentes e de escolaridade ? 8 anos e a taxa de analfabetismo se correlacionaram positivamente com a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce, taxa de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer. Em relação às rotinas das 16 maternidades públicas da RMC, treze hospitais utilizavam partograma, 10 utilizavam frequentemente a ocitocina para a condução do trabalho de parto, nove executavam a episiotomia frequentemente e 14 realizavam o manejo ativo do terceiro período do parto. A presença de acompanhante durante o trabalho de parto e parto foi rotineira para 9 e 14 hospitais, respectivamente. Todos os hospitais forneceram rastreamento para HIV e sífilis. Doze hospitais realizavam indução em gestação prolongada e 13 em ruptura prematura de membranas, enquanto 15 tinham protocolos de conduta para hipertensão arterial severa e profilaxia de sepse neonatal precoce por Streptococcus do grupo B. Cinco hospitais não utilizavam antibióticos para cesarianas. Produtos derivados de sangue não estavam disponíveis em quatro hospitais e oito não poderiam cuidar de gestantes em situação clínica grave. Quinze hospitais relataram ter profissional treinado para atendimento neonatal. Conclusão: A taxa de mortalidade perinatal foi o indicador que melhor refletiu os indicadores socioeconômicos na região. A adolescência foi um indicador social de grande risco perinatal, frequentemente associada com ausência de parceiro. A taxa de cesárea retratou os municípios com maior poder aquisitivo na região. As práticas qualificadas de assistência ao parto estavam disponíveis em quase todos os hospitais. No entanto, algumas delas parecem excessivas, como condução de parto e episiotomia, enquanto outras precisam ser melhoradas, como uso de antibióticos para todos os partos cesáreos e disponibilidade de sangue e cuidado de emergência. Os resultados destacam a inequidade da assistência e a importância de rever as rotinas hospitalares, mesmo em uma região com amplo acesso a recursos materiais e humanos e oportunidades de educação continuada
Abstract: Objectives: To study maternal and perinatal health, and socioeconomic indicators of 19 municipalities, and assess the routines of care during childbirth in the metropolitan region of Campinas (RMC). Subjects and Methods: Cross-sectional study, coupled with a case study of 16 public hospitals on clinical routines applied for labour and delivery. The information on health and socioeconomic indicators derived from the DATASUS, the Seade Foundation and 2010 census. Routines were assessed by through the "Assessment Tool of Good Practice Caring for Women and Newborns during Childbirth" (Ministry of Health) and a complementary questionnaire, for interviews with responsible doctors or nurses in 16 hospitals. Data collection occurred from December / 2013 to October / 2014. Descriptive analysis was applied to report routine practices in hospitals, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate possible associations between socioeconomic, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes. Results: The proportion of teenage mothers and income ? 1SM, and the illiteracy rate were positively correlated with number of prenatal visits and perinatal mortality rate, and inversely with caesarean deliveries. The average household income per capita and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) correlated directly with caesarean deliveries and inversely with number of prenatal consultations and perinatal mortality rate. The percentages of teenage mothers and education ? 8 years, and the illiteracy rate correlated positively with the early neonatal mortality rate, prematurity and low birth weight. Regarding routine practices during deliveries into 16 public maternities, thirteen hospitals used partograph, 10 frequently used oxytocin for labour augmentation, nine frequently performed episiotomy and 14 informed active management of the third stage of labour. The presence of a companion during labour and delivery was a routine for nine and 14 hospitals, respectively. All hospitals provided screening for HIV and syphilis. Twelve hospitals performed induction in prolonged gestation and 13 in premature rupture of membranes. Fifteen had clinical protocol for severe hypertension and for group B Streptococcus early neonatal sepsis prophylaxis. Five hospitals did not use antibiotics for caesarean sections. Blood products were not available in four hospitals and eight could not take emergency care for severe ill women. Fifteen hospitals reported trained professional providing neonatal care. Conclusion: The perinatal mortality rate proved to best indicator reflecting socioeconomic indicators in the region. The caesarean rate pictured the municipalities with higher income. Qualified health practices were available in most hospitals. However, augmentation with oxytocin and episiotomy sounded excessive, while others need improvement, as antibiotics for all C-sections and availability of blood and emergency care. The results highlight the health care inequity and the importance of reviewing hospital care routines, even in a region with ample access to material and human resources, and continuing education opportunities
Doutorado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Doutora em Ciências da Saúde
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Ringbäck, Weitoft Gunilla. "Lone parenting, socioeconomic conditions and severe ill-health : longitudinal register-based studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35.
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The general aims of this dissertation are to analyse how family situation, and especially lone parenting, influence health and life chances in Sweden and the extent to which possible relations are influenced by socioeconomic circumstances and health selection. In two population-based cohort studies we analysed overall and cause-specific mortality (1991-95), and also severe morbidity (1991-94) from different causes among lone mothers in comparison with mothers with partners. Information on the mothers was obtained from the Swedish Population and Housing censuses of 1985 and 1990. The outcomes considered were death or utilisation of (overnight) hospital care, with data taken from population-based national health registers. In the analyses we adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic circumstances, such as socioeconomic status, country of birth, receipt of social-welfare benefit, and housing situation. To take health-selection effects into account, we adjusted for previous inpatient history (1987-90). Our findings suggest that lone motherhood entails health disadvantages with regard to mortality, severe morbidity and injury. Socioeconomic circumstances were found to play a major role in accounting for increased risks, but the risks are partly independent of both socioeconomic conditions and health selection into lone motherhood. In two further studies we analysed mortality (1991-98), severe morbidity and injury (1991-99), and also educational achievement (in 1998 at ages 24-25 of offspring), of children who had lived in lone-parent families in comparison with children in two-parent families. We mainly used data from the Swedish censuses and national health-data registers. Living in a lone parent family was found to be associated with increased risks of a variety of unfavourable outcomes: psychiatric disease, suicide/suicide attempt, injury, addiction, and low educational attainment. Relatively poor educational performance and also health disadvantages are explicable to a large extent by socioeconomic conditions, especially a lack of economic resources (as measured here by receipt of social-welfare benefit and having rented accommodation). Educational achievement among children varies with cause of lone parenthood, with the best prospects found among the children of widows/widowers. In a fifth study we analysed mortality from different causes (1991-2000) among lone fathers (fathers with and without custody of their children) and childless men (with and without partners) in comparison with cohabiting fathers with children in the household. For this purpose we linked information from the Swedish censuses of 1985 and 1990 to Sweden’s Multi-Generation Register (which contains information about all known biological relations between children and parents). Lone non-custodial fathers and lone childless men suffer from the most pronounced elevated risks, especially of death from injury or addiction, but also from all-cause mortality and death from ischaemic heart disease. Being a lone custodial father also seems to entail an increased mortality risk, although generally to a much lesser degree, and not for all outcomes studied. The elevated risks for all subgroups fell when variables assumed to control health selection and socioeconomic circumstances were introduced into the initial regression model employed. However, even following adjustments, significantly increased risks, albeit greatly attenuated, remained in all the subgroups investigated. Key Words: Single parent, single mother, single father, children, risk factor, socio-economic status, mortality, morbidity, injury, psychiatric disease, education, epidemiology, longitudinal
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Zeng, Yi-Siang, and 曾一翔. "The research of Morbidity and Mortality Rates by Marital Status." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27852032239687630813.
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碩士真理大學
統計與精算學系碩士班
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The population aging in Taiwan is getting worse in recent years, due to lower mortality rates and especially lower fertility rates. Fewer newborns would reduce the future labor force and have a big impact on the overall economic growth. Taiwan’s government does provide subsidy programs to enhance incentive of having children, but the globalization and market competition make the marriage age (and childbearing age) further delayed. Since the percentage of illegitimate child only accounts for about 4% of newborns in Taiwan, fewer people getting married can thus be used to explain why there are fewer newborns. However, since it is known that the married people tend to live longer, fewer marriages indicate that the longevity of Taiwan people would slow down. Still, Taiwan’s longevity has been increased at a constant rate, about 0.2~0.3 year annually. It would be interesting to explore the mortality rates according to marital status. Note that many past studied showed that married people have lower mortality. FSC Insurance Bureau also issued a press release on 2007, to encourage the life insurance insurers to develop non-smoking preferred risk life insurance products to increase the insurance coverage. In this study, we will compare the mortality rates (and construct life tables) of different marital status using Taiwan data (Source: Ministry of Interior in Taiwan). Then, these results can provide insurers a reference to evaluate if the marital status is a feasible factor for preferred risk insurance. In addition to constructing marriage life tables, we also apply stochastic mortality models (e.g., Lee-Carter model, Renshaw and Haberman model) to the marriage related mortality rates, and check if all marital statuses have the same pace in mortality improvement. Finally, we shall use the National Health Insurance data in Taiwan to explore if the health of different marital status is the same and use it in pricing health policies.
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Teixeira, Ana Rita Carneiro. "Differences between mortality and morbidity rates associated with procedural sedation and analgesia provided by anesthesiologist and non-anesthesiologist practioners." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/121560.
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Teixeira, Ana Rita Carneiro. "Differences between mortality and morbidity rates associated with procedural sedation and analgesia provided by anesthesiologist and non-anesthesiologist practioners." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/121560.
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Mathebula, Mpho Gift. "Factors contributing to high perinatal morbidity rates in Mankweng-Polokwane Complex of the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1685.
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Thesis (M. A. (Nursing Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016.Perinatal morbidity is a public health indicator of the level of equality in a country. Its prevention has major medical, social and economic costs. The aim of this study was to describe factors contributing to high perinatal morbidity rates in Mankweng-Polokwane Complex of the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa. A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional research method was used to describe factors contributing to high perinatal morbidity. The study population comprised 80 registered midwives. Simple random sampling was used to select the 66 respondents. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed and returned, and only one questionnaire was not returned, and two were spoiled as they were incomplete, then 63 questionnaires were analysed. Ethical clearance was obtained from Medunsa Research and Ethics Committee, Limpopo Province Department of Health Ethics Committee and Hospital management. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and describe and summarise data whereby the findings were presented in the form of distribution tables and graphs. Inferential statistics were used based on probability and allowed judgement to be made about the variables. The study revealed that shortage of staff, absenteeism, resignation, bad staff-patient ratio and overcrowding of patients, long waiting periods for caesarean sections, long waiting period for babies operation, work overload of staff, lack of equipment and supplies, congenital anomalies, perinatal asphyxia, prematurity and neonatal sepsis were contributory factors to high perinatal morbidity rates. The study recommended that all staff should be able to resuscitate newborn babies, be able to use Partograph effectively, further research on factors contributing to high perinatal morbidity and education training on speciality qualifications. Key-words: Factors, High, Perinatal, Morbidity rates
Books on the topic "Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates"
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The European health report 2009: Health and health systems. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 2009.
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Disease and social diversity: The European impact on the health of non-Europeans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
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Kunitz, Stephen J. Disease and social diversity: The European impact on the health of non-Europeans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
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Husin, Lubis Syarif, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Dept. of Community Health., and Lembaga Perancang Keluarga Berencana, eds. Survey on morbidity and mortality differentials: Malaysia. [Kuala Lumpur]: Dept. of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1987.
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Ryff, Carol D., and Robert F. Krueger, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676384.001.0001.
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This handbook signals a paradigm shift in health research. Population-based disciplines have employed large national samples to examine how sociodemographic factors contour rates of morbidity and mortality. Behavioral and psychosocial disciplines have studied the factors that influence these domains using small, nonrepresentative samples in experimental or longitudinal contexts. Biomedical disciplines, drawing on diverse fields, have examined mechanistic processes implicated in disease outcomes. The collection of chapters in this handbook embraces all such prior approaches and, via targeted questions, illustrates how they can be woven together. Diverse contributions showcase how social structural influences work together with psychosocial influences or experiential factors to impact differing health outcomes, including profiles of biological risk across distinct physiological systems. These varied biopsychosocial advances have grown up around the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) national study of health, begun over 20 years ago and now encompassing over 12,000 Americans followed through time. The overarching principle behind the MIDUS enterprise is that deeper understanding of why some individuals remain healthy and well as they move across the decades of adult life, while others succumb to differing varieties of disease, dysfunction, or disability, requires a commitment to comprehensiveness that attends to the interplay of multiple interacting influences. Put another way, all of the disciplines mentioned have reliably documented influences on health, but in and of themselves, each is inherently limited because it neglects factors known to matter for health outside the discipline’s purview. Integrative health science is the alternative seeking to overcome these limitations.
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Organization, Pan American Health, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, and World Health Organization, eds. Health conditions in the Caribbean. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 1997.
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Davis, R. Ellen. EFFECTS OF A FORCED INSTITUTIONAL RELOCATION ON THE MORTALITY, MORBIDITY AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF ELDERLY RESIDENTS (NURSING HOMES). 1990.
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1950-, Morgenstern W., and World Health Organization, eds. Models of noncommunicable diseases: Health status and health service requirements. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
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Morgenstern, W., E. Chigan, and R. Prokhorskas. Models of Noncommunicable Diseases: Health Status and Health Service Requirements (Supplement Zu Den Sitzungsberichten Der Mathematisch-Naturwissens). Springer, 1992.
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Lewis, Catherine F. Anxiety disorders including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0035.
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Increasing numbers of studies of correctional populations have emphasized diagnosis with structured clinical instruments over the past two decades. These studies have primarily focused on serious mental illness (i.e., psychotic and mood disorders), substance use disorders, and personality disorders. The focus has made sense because of the need to identify the severely mentally ill who are incarcerated and to identify the most common disorders. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias. One anxiety disorder that stands apart from others is PTSD, which is prevalent at much higher rates in both incarcerated men and women than in the community. Despite this fact, other anxiety disorders are often co-morbid and add to overall disease burden and impair ability to function. Individuals with a greater disease burden (i.e., number of diagnoses, symptom counts) have worse outcomes than those with uncomplicated disorders. These impaired outcomes include a deteriorating trajectory of illness, increased health service utilization, poor prognosis, and increased likelihood of morbidity and mortality. Thus, while anxiety disorders may not be the primary focus of the correctional system, they must be recognized as important. Unrecognized anxiety disorders can result in behavior that is disruptive and may appear to be volitional. They can also lead to overutilization of health services that are already facing substantial demands. Appropriate, available, and consistent assessment, diagnosis, and treatment that are well integrated can successfully intervene in the range of anxiety disorders that present in correctional settings.
Book chapters on the topic "Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates"
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Morgan, Deborah, Lena Dahlberg, Charles Waldegrave, Sarmitė Mikulionienė, Gražina Rapolienė, Giovanni Lamura, and Marja Aartsen. "Revisiting Loneliness: Individual and Country-Level Changes." In International Perspectives on Aging, 99–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_8.
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AbstractThe links between loneliness and overall morbidity and mortality are well known, and this has profound implications for quality of life and health and welfare budgets. Most studies have been cross-sectional allowing for conclusions on correlates of loneliness, but more recently, some longitudinal studies have revealed also micro-level predictors of loneliness. Since the majority of studies focused on one country, conclusions on macro-level drivers of loneliness are scarce. This chapter examines the impact of micro- and macro-level drivers of loneliness and loneliness change in 11 European countries. The chapter draws on longitudinal data from 2013 and 2015 from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), combined with macro-level data from additional sources. The multivariable analysis revealed the persistence of loneliness over time, which is a challenge for service providers and policy makers. Based on this cross-national and longitudinal study we observed that micro-level drivers known from previous research (such as gender, health and partnership status, frequency of contact with children), and changes therein had more impact on loneliness and change therein than macro-level drivers such as risk of poverty, risk of social deprivation, level of safety in the neighbourhood.
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"Defining Health Disparities in Terms of Equity." In Examining and Solving Health Disparities in the United States, 1–17. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3874-6.ch001.
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Disparities in healthcare limit accessibility to care among affected populations and can include imbalances in the equitable achievement of optimal health. These imbalances occur as a result of differences that others have in financial means, education, culture, age, race, gender, sex, ethnicity, and religion. Consequentially, as health disparities persist among populations, mortality and morbidity rates reflect these inequities in health care. Hence, human life is quantified by geographic location, skin color, language, poverty, and an inability to culturally assimilate with majority populations. Hidden biases overshadow the pricelessness of human life, disease management, and disease prevention. Chapter 1 provides an overview of what encompasses health disparities and how equity is involved. Vulnerable populations within the United States are examined, and hidden biases are discussed as factors that impact the achievement of equitable healthcare.
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Dutton, Paul V. "Workers’ Health in the United States and Germany." In Beyond Medicine, 65–106. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754555.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the institutions and policies that influence the health of working-age Germans and Americans. Work (or the absence of paid work) is one of the most important determinants of health in advanced industrial societies. The nature of one's work differentially determines one's risk of unemployment, which is strongly linked to heightened rates of mortality and morbidity. Work also bears directly on health through potential exposure to toxic agents and other physical dangers. No less important are the psychosocial dimensions of the work environment. Substantial evidence links greater employee control of the workplace to better health outcomes. Conversely, a relative absence of worker power is detrimental to health. The development of employee participation in German firm management began in the 1920s, culminating in the Codetermination Law of 1976. That law mandates that workers' representatives fill half the supervisory board seats in all firms with more than two thousand employees. The chapter then considers the links between German workers' enhanced psychosocial work environments and their superior health status in comparison to their American counterparts.
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Levin, Jeff. "Scientists and Scholars." In Religion and Medicine, 85–115. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867355.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 summarizes the extensive body of empirical research studies that identify health impacts of religious practice, identity, and beliefs. These include thousands of epidemiologic, clinical, social, and behavioral studies, as well as investigations from other fields, notably health services research, the biomedical sciences, and psychiatry and clinical psychology. Population-health studies are emphasized, and the latest findings are summarized on the impact of religion, for better or worse, on medical and psychiatric outcomes and rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability, both in the United States and globally, and across religious affiliation. The work of Jeff Levin and his colleagues is highlighted here. Also summarized and critiqued are the controversial clinical trials of healing prayer that have received so much attention since the late 1980s
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Joosten-Hagye, Dawn, and Anne Katz. "Coping with Loneliness." In Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century, 216–27. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0013.
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This chapter examines loneliness and how it affects health and well-being. It discusses how loneliness may lead to ill health but also how ill health may lead to feelings of loneliness. It reviews the evidence suggesting that loneliness is not only linked to overall morbidity and mortality in older adults but also a major predictor of psychological distress. With the global growth of the aging population, considerable research attention focuses on these issues in Europe, the United States, and Australia. The proportion of Australians aged 65 years or older is growing, with prevalence rates of loneliness among older adults as high as 30%. The impact of this is discussed in this chapter, as are recent developments, current conditions, historical trends, transnational feminism and advocacy, and how loneliness impacts the health and well-being of older women in Australia.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "The Smoking Gap." In Pained, 163–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0046.
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This chapter discusses the smoking gap. Fifty years ago, smoking prevalence for all education groups was clustered at the 40%–45% mark. Five decades later, 6.5% of college-educated individuals continue to smoke, while the prevalence is more than triple that among those with a high school education or less (23.1%). These smokers tend to be disadvantaged socially and economically, and bear the majority of morbidity and premature mortality. As such, in the process of lowering smoking overall, people have created a smoking gap between those who are well-educated and those who are less educated, between those with higher and lower incomes. However, the smoking gap is not restricted only to socioeconomic status. Geography is also at play. “Tobacco Nation”—a swath across the American Southeast where 700 million pounds of tobacco are harvested annually, and rates of smoking remain higher than elsewhere—suggests that policy, culture, and the persistent influence of the tobacco industry in this region has shaped who smokes and who does not in the United States. Other studies have documented the high tobacco retailer density in neighborhoods with larger proportions of African Americans, the ethnic group with the highest smoking prevalence. The chapter then details what people can learn from the smoking gap and the best public health approach to reduce the smoking rate.
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Chapalamadugu, Kalyan C., Samhitha Gudla, Rakesh Kukreja, and Srinivas M. Tipparaju. "Myocardial Infarction." In Emerging Applications, Perspectives, and Discoveries in Cardiovascular Research, 139–60. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2092-4.ch008.
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Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ranks among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans, worldwide. Despite advances in disease prevention and treatment strategies, majority of the developed and developing world's suffer higher disease burden from MI, and incur billions of dollars in healthcare costs (Murray et al., 2015). Global estimates from 2013 show that MI is the major cardiovascular disease (CVD), and that deaths due to MI accounted for nearly half of the 17 million CVD mortalities (GBD, 2013; Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators, 2015). Within the United States, MI top's the chart of both communicable and non-communicable diseases in terms of health loss that it is estimated to have inflicted in the population (Murray, et al., 2015). It has been estimated that every 2 minutes, three Americans suffer from myocardial infarction (MI), primary cause of MI being coronary blood flow obstruction and myocardial damage. The annual estimates of MI incidence in USA are approximately three quarter million a year while almost two-thirds of these cases represent new attacks (Mozaffarian, et al., 2015). Collectively, MI continues to lead the charts for CVD incidence rates, health loss, mortalities thereby putting enormous strain on healthcare system.
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Kleinman, Arthur. "Social and cultural anthropology: salience for psychiatry." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 275–79. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0036.
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Anthropology's chief contribution to psychiatry is to emphasize the importance of the social world in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and to provide concepts and methods that psychiatrists can apply (the appropriate cross-disciplinary translation first being made, however). But that is not the only contribution that anthropology offers. Ethnographers are aware that knowledge is positioned, facts and values are inseparable, and experience is simply too complex and robust to be easily boxed into tight analytical categories. Hence a sense of the fallibility of understanding, the limitation of practice, and irony and paradox in human conditions is the consequence of ethnography as a method of knowledge production. Anthropology also complements the idea of psychosomatic relationships with evidence and theorizing about sociosomatic relationships. Here moral processes—namely what is at stake in local worlds—are shown to be closely linked with emotional processes, which are frequently about experiences of loss, fear, vexation, and betrayal of what is collectively and individually at stake in interpersonal relationships. Change in the former can change the latter, and this can at times work in reverse as well. Examples include the way symptoms intensify or even arise in response to fear and vexation concerning threats perceived as serious dangers to what is most at stake. The relationship of poverty to morbidity and mortality is a different example of sociosomatic processes. Poverty correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. Psychiatrists have often had trouble getting the point that public health and infectious disease experts have long understood. But it is not just diarrhoeal disease, tuberculosis, AIDS, heart disease, and cancer that demonstrate this powerful social epidemiological correlation—so do psychiatric conditions. Depression, substance abuse, violence, and their traumatic consequences not only occur at higher rates in the poorest local worlds, but also cluster together (much as do infectious diseases), and those vicious clusters define a local place, usually a disintegrating inner-city community. Hence the findings of the National Co-Morbidity Study in the United States of America that most psychiatric conditions occur as comorbidity is a step toward this ethnographic knowledge—that in the most vulnerable, dangerous, and broken local worlds, psychiatric diseases are not encountered as separate problems but as part of these sociosomatic clusters. Finally, anthropology is also salient for policy and programme development in psychiatry. Against an overly narrow neurobiological framing of psychiatric conditions as brain disorders, anthropology in psychiatry draws on cross-national, cross-ethnic, and disintegrating community data to emphasize the relationship of increasing rates of mental health problems, especially among underserved, impoverished populations worldwide, and increasing problems in the organization and delivery of mental health services to fundamental transformations in political economy, institutions, and culture that are remaking our epoch. In so doing, anthropology projects a vision of psychiatry as a discipline central to social welfare and health policy. It argues as well against the profession's ethnocentrism and for the field as a larger component of international health. Anthropology (together with economics, sociology, and political science) also provides the tools for psychiatry to develop policies and programmes that address the close ties between social conditions and mental health conditions, and social policies and mental health policies. In this sense, anthropology urges psychiatry in a global direction, one in which psychiatric knowledge and practice, once altered to fit in more culturally salient ways in local worlds around the globe, have a more important place at the policy table.
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McDonagh, Theresa A., and Kaushik Guha. "Epidemiology and general pathophysiological classification of heart failure." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 2719–28. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.160501_update_002.
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Definition and classification—heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by cardiac dysfunction, most commonly left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Many epidemiological studies focus on characterizing the incidence and/or prevalence of LVSD, using cut off points ranging from less than 30% to less than 50%. Patients with heart failure symptoms or signs and normal or near normal LV function are often classified as having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), but there is no clear and generally accepted definition of this condition. Epidemiology—estimates of incidence and prevalence are heavily influenced by definition. An echocardiographic study of a random sample of the general population aged 25–74 years in Glasgow (Scotland) estimated a prevalence of heart failure of 1.5%, with a further 1.4% having asymptomatic LVSD. Prevalence rises significantly with age, with a median age of first presentation in the mid seventies. Longitudinal data suggests that the incidence of heart failure has remained fairly stable over the last few decades, but prevalence is increasing as more people survive cardiovascular disease earlier in life. Aetiology—determining the aetiology of heart failure in epidemiological studies is difficult: the commonest cause in the developed world is coronary artery disease, followed by hypertension, which predominates in those with a diagnosis of HF-PEF. Prognosis and morbidity—data from the United States of America and the United Kingdom show the death rates of those admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure have a mortality of over 30% at one year. The outcome has improved in recent years, perhaps linked to the increased usage of angiotensin inhibitors and β-blockers. Heart failure accounts for around 5% of all adult general medical admissions, and in developed countries the condition consumes 1 to 2% of health care budgets.
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Sahoo, Harihar. "Activity status, morbidity patterns and hospitalisation in India." In Work and Health in India. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327363.003.0006.
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This chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the relationships between activity status, morbidity patterns, and level of hospitalisation in India and across its six main geographical regions. Regional differences are striking, as the reported prevalence of ailments is higher in southern regions than other regions in India. The greater social and economic development, coupled with greater accessibility of healthcare services, could be responsible for the regional variations observed during the study. Alongside these regional patterns, there are wide differences in morbidity rates among different socioeconomic groups. The results also show a social pattern in health which is quite different from that usually observed in high income countries.
Conference papers on the topic "Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates"
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Wang, Rui, Francois G. Lacour-Gayet, Craig Lanning, Kendall Hunter, and Robin Shandas. "Patient-Specific Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation Applied to Evaluating Hemodynamics Within the Total Cavopulmonary Connection." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176494.
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Congenital heart disease (CHD), a life-threatening birth disorder, is the most common genetic disorder with an incidence rate as high as 1% in neonates (36,000 cases in 2006). Amongst these children, one out of four has single ventricle anomaly. As a palliative rather than a curative means for vascular reconstruction, the “Fontan” palliation has been used to produce stable hemodynamic states, at least for a limited period of time. However, the majority of post-Fontan patients faces a high risk of mortality and morbidity [1], and will have to undergo heart transplant eventually due to the excess load imposed on the single ventricle by the systemic resistance.
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Palupi, Endang, Harsono Salimo, and Bhisma Murti. "Contextual Effect of Village and Other Determinants on Infant Mortality: A Multilevel Analysis from Karanganyar, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.114.
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ABSTRACT Background: Rural children face higher mortality rates than their urban counterparts. Although the rural disadvantage in average child survival in developing countries is firmly established, its explanation is less clear. Several studies suggest that household-level factors appear to be important in explaining rural-urban differences in child mortality. This study aimed to examine the contextual effect of village and other determinants on infant mortality in Karanganyar, Central Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karanganyar, Central Java, from February to May 2020. A sample of 200 infants aged 1 to 23 months was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was infant mortality. The independent variables were exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional intake, immunization status, maternal education, family income, and contextual effect of village. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Infant mortality decreased with exclusive breastfeeding (b= -5.10; 95% CI= -9.60 to -0.59; p= 0.026), high family income (b= -5.96; 95% CI= – 9.91 to -2.02; p= 0.003), high maternal education (b= -4.09; 95% CI= -7.79 to -0.38; p= 0.030), and complete immunization (b= -4.67; 95% CI= -8.69 to -0.67; p= 0.022). Infant mortality increased with poor nutritional status (b= 4.99; 95% CI= 1.79 to 8.19; p= 0.002). Village had contextual effect on infant mortality with ICC= 32%. Conclusion: Infant mortality decreases with exclusive breastfeeding, high family income, high maternal education, and complete immunization. Infant mortality increases with poor nutritional status. Village has contextual effect on infant mortality. Keywords: infant mortality, contextual effect of village Correspondence: Endang Palupi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: epalupi11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281331872723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.114
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Barlas, Emin, Fatih Şantaş, and Ahmet Kar. "Comparative Analysis of the Inter-Regional Infant Mortality Rate from the Perspective of Health Economics in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00959.
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Being healthy is a condition which all individuals and all countries are willing to achieve. However, health is a difficult concept to define and describe. Countries that are striving to achieve better status of health allocate an increasing part of their national income to health sector and expect to get these expenditures' worth. Health economy is an important tool that can be utilized in determining the effect of expenditures on the status of health and improving the effectiveness of expenditures. Thus, health economics is being used both in micro and macro scales. One of the important criteria showing the health status and development of countries is infant mortality rate. Turkey is among the countries which closed the gap between itself and the developed countries in terms of infant mortality rate. In this study, velocity ratio between 2006 and 2012 in Turkey had been calculated in order to compare them with those of the developed countries. In order to compare Turkey's regional infant mortality rates, territorial velocity ratios had been calculated, Turkey Health Statistics Annual data belonging to the years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 had been used to carry out various statistical analyses in order to determine the factors affecting infant mortality rate. Although Turkey had improved itself in terms of infant mortality rates, there are still things to be achieved at the scale of the country and the regions.
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Finol, Ender A., Shoreh Hajiloo, Keyvan Keyhani, David A. Vorp, and Cristina H. Amon. "Flow-Induced Wall Pressure Under Average Resting Hemodynamic Conditions for Patient-Specific Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32326.
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by a continuous dilation of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta. Despite significant improvements in surgical procedures and imaging techniques, the mortality and morbidity rates associated with untreated ruptured AAAs are still outrageously high. AAA disease is a health risk of significant importance since this kind of aneurysm is mostly asymptomatic until its rupture, which is frequently a lethal event with an overall mortality rate in the 80% to 90% range. From a purely biomechanical viewpoint, aneurysm rupture is a phenomenon that occurs when the mechanical stress acting on the dilating inner wall exceeds its failure strength. Since the internal mechanical forces are maintained by the dynamic action of blood flowing in the aorta, the quantification of the hemodynamics of AAAs is essential for the characterization of their biomechanical environment.
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Amalia, Veterina Rizki, Hanung Prasetya, and Bhisma Murti. "Factors Associated with Job Performance of Midwives at Community Health Centers in Mojokerto, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.43.
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ABSTRACT Background: Midwives performance play an important role in reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with midwives performance in Mojokerto, East Jva, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia. A sample of 200 midwives who worked in community health centers was selected randomly. The dependent variable was works performance. The independent variables were age, tenure, employment status, perceived financial compensation, social support, workload, and motivation. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Work performance in midwives increased with age ≥42 years (OR= 9.2; 95% CI= 1.91 to 44.72; p= 0.006), tenure ≥18 years (OR= 4.5; 95% CI= 1.04 to 19.46; p= 0.044), high perceived financial compensation (OR= 10.65; 95% CI= 2.23 to 50.97; p= 0.003), strong social support (OR= 12.53; 95% CI= 2.59 to 60.70; p= 0.002), low workload (OR= 10.88; 95% CI= 2.41 to 49.12; p= 0.002), and strong motivation (OR= 13.52; 95% CI= 2.64 to 69.21; p= 0.002). Work performance decreased with non civil servants (OR= 0.071; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.55; p= 0.011). Conclusion: Work performance in midwives increases with age ≥42 years, tenure ≥18 years, high perceived financial compensation, strong social support, low workload, and strong motivation. Work performance decreases with non civil servants. Keywords: work performance, financial compensation, midwives Correspondence: Veterina Rizki Amalia. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: veterinarizki1@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281359016501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.43
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Vilinová, Katarína, and Jozef Kudlej. "Krajské mestá Slovenska v kontexte príčin smrti." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-64.
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Interest in the health of the population is intensifying today. The main reasons include social, political and economic changes, but also the ongoing pandemic related to the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Due to many demographic changes in recent years, the study of the health status of the population emphasizes one of the demographic processes, which is mortality. The structure of the causes of death is very often monitored. After the stabilization of mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases in the eighties, civilization diseases such as circulatory system diseases and tumors came to the forefront of social interest in Slovakia. This indicator is also important in terms of the right direction in the field of regional development in relation to health care in individual regions. The aim of the paper is to characterize the structure of causes of death in regional cities of Slovakia. This paper will be based on data from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for the period 1996-2017. The main methods used in the work will be methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as graphic and cartographic methods. In all regional cities of Slovakia, diseases of the circulatory system clearly dominated in men and women during the entire period under review. They were followed by cancer and external causes. The group of five most common causes was supplemented by diseases of the respiratory and digestive system.
Reports on the topic "Health status - Morbidity and mortality rates"
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Brown, Yolanda, Twonia Goyer, and Maragaret Harvey. Heart Failure 30-Day Readmission Frequency, Rates, and HF Classification. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2020.0002.
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30 Day Hospital Readmission Rates, Frequencies, and Heart Failure Classification for Patients with Heart Failure Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide among patients. Both the incidence and the prevalence of heart failure are age dependent and are relatively common in individuals 40 years of age and older. CHF is one of the leading causes of inpatient hospitalization readmission in the United States, with readmission rates remaining above the 20% goal within 30 days. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services imposes a 3% reimbursement penalty for excessive readmissions including those who are readmitted within 30 days from prior hospitalization for heart failure. Hospitals risk losing millions of dollars due to poor performance. A reduction in CHF readmission rates not only improves healthcare system expenditures, but also patients’ mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Purpose The purpose of this DNP project is to determine the 30-day hospital readmission rates, frequencies, and heart failure classification for patients with heart failure. Specific aims include comparing computed annual re-admission rates with national average, determine the number of multiple 30-day re-admissions, provide descriptive data for demographic variables, and correlate age and heart failure classification with the number of multiple re-admissions. Methods A retrospective chart review was used to collect hospital admission and study data. The setting occurred in an urban hospital in Memphis, TN. The study was reviewed by the UTHSC Internal Review Board and deemed exempt. The electronic medical records were queried from July 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019 for heart failure ICD-10 codes beginning with the prefix 150 and a report was generated. Data was cleaned such that each patient admitted had only one heart failure ICD-10 code. The total number of heart failure admissions was computed and compared to national average. Using age ranges 40-80, the number of patients re-admitted withing 30 days was computed and descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using Microsoft Excel and R. Results A total of 3524 patients were admitted for heart failure within the six-month time frame. Of those, 297 were re-admitted within 30 days for heart failure exacerbation (8.39%). An annual estimate was computed (16.86%), well below the national average (21%). Of those re-admitted within 30 days, 50 were re-admitted on multiple occasions sequentially, ranging from 2-8 re-admissions. The median age was 60 and 60% male. Due to the skewed distribution (most re-admitted twice), nonparametric statistics were used for correlation. While graphic display of charts suggested a trend for most multiple re-admissions due to diastolic dysfunction and least number due to systolic heart failure, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and number or multiple re-admissions (Spearman rank, p = 0.6208) or number of multiple re-admissions and heart failure classification (Kruskal Wallis, p =0.2553).
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Gindi, Renee. Health, United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:100685.
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Health, United States, 2019 is the 43rd report on the health status of the nation and is submitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Service Act. This report was compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Health, United States series presents an annual overview of national trends in key health indicators. The 2019 report presents trends and current information on selected measures of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and access, health risk factors, prevention, health insurance, and personal health care expenditures in a 20-figure chartbook. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook is supplemented by several other products including Trend Tables, an At-a-Glance table, and Appendixes available for download on the Health, United States website at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/ index.htm. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook contains 20 figures and 20 tables on health and health care in the United States. Examining trends in health informs the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies and programs. The first section (Figures 1–13) focuses on health status and determinants: life expectancy, infant mortality, selected causes of death, overdose deaths, suicide, maternal mortality, teen births, preterm births, use of tobacco products, asthma, hypertension, heart disease and cancer, and functional limitations. The second section (Figures 14–15) presents trends in health care utilization: use of mammography and colorectal tests and unmet medical needs. The third section (Figures 16–17) focuses on health care resources: availability of physicians and dentists. The fourth section (Figures 18–20) describes trends in personal health care expenditures, health insurance coverage, and supplemental insurance coverage among Medicare beneficiaries. The Highlights section summarizes major findings from the Chartbook. Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2019. Hyattsville, MD. 2021.
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Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, Hjördís, Sandra Oliveira e Costa, and Åsa Ström Hildestrand. Who is left behind? The impact of place on the ability to follow Covid-19 restrictions. Nordregio, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2021:2.1403-2511.
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While the Nordic countries have long been champions of equality, the Covid-19 pandemic has put a new light on structural injustices inherent in our societies. In Copenhagen, Oslo, Helsinki, Stockholm, and Malmö, districts with a high share of residents with an immigrant background and a low socio-economic status stand out with high infection and mortality rates of Covid-19. The pandemic thus reveals and reminds us about the serious effects of segregation and unequal living conditions on citizens’ health status and ability to cope with and survive a pandemic. This Extended summary is based on a quantitative and qualitative study aiming to identify structural barriers impacting residents’ ability to follow Covid-19 recommendations and guidelines, especially in low-income areas in major Nordic cities. Learning about these barriers - and effective measures taken to mitigate them - will help Nordic authorities and communities be better prepared for future challenges and crises.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.
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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.