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Govindasamy, Saravana P. "Scaling Innovations in Healthcare." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/543975.
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Business Administration/Management Information SystemsD.B.A.
This research paper examines the innovation adoption of technology, specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementations in hospitals by exploring the capabilities that enables AI innovations using the dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing and reconfiguring) framework and clinicians’ intentions to use AI innovations for patient care by applying the technology adoption/acceptance framework Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) utilizing qualitative case study analysis and quantitative survey methodology respectively. This multi-disciplinary research has considerable relevance to both healthcare business leaders and clinical practitioners by identifying the key factors that drives the decisions to adopt innovations to improve healthcare organizations' competitiveness to enhance patient care as well as to reduce overall healthcare costs. The main findings are: (1) On an organizational level, healthcare organizations with strong and versatile dynamic capabilities, who build on their existing knowledge and capabilities are better able to integrate the innovations into their internal operations and existing services. The identified barriers provide a clear sense of organizational barriers and resistance points for innovation adoption (2) On an individual level, the impact of quality of care and organization leadership support are the key factors that facilitates the adoption of innovation among the clinicians. (3) Current trends and key impact areas of AI technology in the healthcare industry are identified Key words: Innovation, Innovation Adoption, Dynamic Capabilities, Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence, AI, Technology, Strategic Management
Temple University--Theses
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Alghafes, Rsha. "The role of champions in healthcare innovations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370825/.
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Prime, Matthew Stewart. "Frugal innovation for healthcare : strategies and tools for the identification and evaluation of frugal and reverse innovations in healthcare." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/60586.
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Global healthcare systems are united by their desire to widen patient access to safe and effective clinical services in the face of increasing demand and financial constraints. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a variety of ingenious product and process solutions, termed frugal innovations, have been able to deliver services at a fraction of the cost. It is the broad proposition of this work that such ideas could be applicable to high-income countries (HICs), a concept labeled reverse innovation. Using a conceptual model of innovation scouting derived from the causal mechanism of critical realism, this work examined the development and testing of a tool to deductively identify frugal innovations in healthcare (FIH-ID tool) and then evaluated methodology to assess the reversibility of potential of frugal innovations. The FIH-ID tool demonstrated consistently acceptable inter-rater reliability scores using different methods of application and different raters, moreover, construct validity was shown by its ability to identify well-known frugal innovations. With respect to the assessment of the reversibility potential, the results of the present study highlighted the challenges of undertaking such a complex evaluation process using a simple scoring system. Raters achieved poor levels of inter-rater reliability and only 2 innovations were thought likely to reverse to a HIC. This study presents the first application of a critical realist approach to innovation scouting. It has identified a cohort of 76 potential frugal innovations in healthcare suggesting that the FIH-ID tool is likely to be a valuable asset for similar studies in the future. It has highlighted the challenges of assessing the reversibility potential of innovations from LMICs. It has documented the emergence of the global innovation curator, entities that seek to identify, curate and promote innovations from LMICs, and it proposes a conceptual model for the role of global innovation curators in the diffusion of innovation.
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Reese, Laura Michelle. "Optimizing Emerging Healthcare Innovations in 3D Printing, Nanomedicine, and Imageable Biomaterials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51539.
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Emerging technologies in the healthcare industry encompass revolutionary devices or drugs that have the potential to change how healthcare will be practiced in the future. While there are several emerging healthcare technologies in the pipeline, a few key innovations are slated to be implemented clinically sooner based on their mass appeal and potential for healthcare breakthroughs. This thesis will focus on specific topics in the emerging technological fields of nanotechnology for photothermal cancer therapy, 3D printing for irreversible electroporation applications, and imageable biomaterials. While these general areas are receiving significant attention, we highlight the potential opportunities and limitations presented by our select efforts in these fields. First, in the realm of nanomedicine, we discuss the optimization and characterization of sodium thiosulfate facilitated gold nanoparticle synthesis. While many nanoparticles have been examined as agents for photothermal cancer therapy, we closely examine the structure and composition of these specific nanomaterials and discuss key findings that not only impact their future clinical use, but elucidate the importance of characterization prior to preclinical testing. Next, we examine the potential use of 3D printing to generate unprecedented multimodal medical devices for local pancreatic cancer therapy. This additive manufacturing technique offers exquisite design detail control, facilitating tools that would otherwise be difficult to fabricate by any other means. Lastly, in the field of imageable biomaterials, we demonstrate the development of composite catheters that can be visualized with near infrared imaging. This new biomaterial allows visualization with near infrared imaging, offering potentially new medical device opportunities that alleviate the use of ionizing radiation. This collective work emphasizes the need to thoroughly optimize and characterize emerging technologies prior to preclinical testing in order to facilitate rapid translation.Master of Science
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Fahy, Nicholas. "Incorporating psychological theory into the model of diffusion of innovations in healthcare." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ef195cf3-24a0-4ad7-83ca-8d4c5fbf6145.
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Evidence-based medicine calls for the use of current best evidence (together with individual clinical expertise). Guidelines aim to distil such evidence, yet clinical practice often fails to follow guidelines, for multiple reasons that are still not well understood. One under-researched aspect of the gap between guidelines and practice is psychology. My literature review found that the application of psychology to implementation research has been limited, and such research is not well integrated into wider implementation research. In this study, I sought to a) systematically apply psychological theory to understand the different psychological processes in the stages of adoption described in the diffusion of innovations model; b) collect and analyse data to explore and test this new, psychologically-enhanced model of guideline adoption; and c) improve and extend my model in the light of my empirical data. Having populated my proposed framework with potentially relevant psychological theories based on my literature review, I undertook a first assessment of the validity and added value of this proposed theoretical framework through a case study of the implementation of guidance on universal offering of HIV testing in hospitals serving populations meeting the criteria for high HIV prevalence in the catchment population, interviewing 20 healthcare professionals across two sites. My findings broadly supported my proposed theoretical approach, and illustrated relevant psychological theories for different stages of adoption. My findings support two provisional conclusions. First, that there is potential to improve the effectiveness of efforts to implement guidelines by augmenting the widely-used innovation adoption model with specific psychological theories. Second, that policymakers would do well to shift from viewing the health system as a complicated entity that policy can control and direct is misconceived; I recommend shifting to a perspective of the health system as a complex system, and rethinking the role of policy from that perspective.
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Kouvela, Christina. "Lethargic Medical Innovation Implementation Scene Awakened by COVID-19 : Identifying barriers and facilitators for medical innovations within prenatal care in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454553.
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Maternal health has been found to lag significantly behind in medical innovations compared to other branches of medicine such as radiology. Prenatal care, being part of maternal health, seems to be no different. Driven by this fact, this study first attempts to investigate the state of innovation implementation within the context of prenatal care in Sweden. Then, it continues with the identification of critical barriers and facilitators for the implementation of medical innovations within the same field and context as medical innovations are at some point necessary. Considering the nature of the issues at hand a qualitative study was deemed more suitable and hence was conducted. The overall work consists of a literature review alongside a planned and executed empirical study. The empirical study was conducted as a single case study comprising of three stakeholder groups that were of interest. These were: doctors, midwives, and healthcare managers. Participants were approached using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with actors located throughout Sweden. With the help of thematic analysis, a holistic view supported by all three stakeholder groups was able to arise leading to multi-faceted insights. Results show that the medical innovation implementation state within prenatal care in Sweden could have been characterised as lethargic before the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic as no significant medical innovations had emerged in the field until then. However, it is discovered that COVID-19 signalled the end of this reality and abruptly moved the existing innovation implementation climate. Furthermore, regarding the potential introduction of medical innovations in prenatal care, important barriers and facilitators were discovered. The findings of the study can be of use to actors attempting to implement medical innovations in the future within prenatal care or other clinical areas and contexts.
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Ericsson, Sandra. "Barriers of developing and implementing IT-innovation in healthcare : A process study of challenges in eHealth development." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90123.
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Healthcare in Sweden is in need of eHealth innovations to meet the requirements a highlydeveloped society. However to develop and implement eHealth in the healthcare system ischallenging because the system is experienced as complex, conservative and fragmented.In this thesis a qualitative single case study has been conducted to further investigate thechallenges of development and implementation of eHealth. This study demonstrates that itis challenging to understand the complexity of the healthcare system and this has animpact on eHealth development. Involvement of potential users and collaborationbetween stakeholders are seen as a suggested solution to understand this problem. Thisthesis has also shown that to involve users and collaborators is challenging as well.Further the study has shown that there are technological challenges in realizing eHealthin the healthcare system and there is a challenge to develop and implement informationsystems because of regulatory limitations. Despite years of experience in healthcare or ITdevelopmentmany of the respondents find that these factors challenge innovation efforts.
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Brantnell, Anders. "Exploitation of University-Based Healthcare Innovations : The Behaviors of Three Key Actors and Influencing Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317934.
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Large resources are invested in healthcare research, but despite this there is a wide gap between research knowledge and healthcare practice. Implementation researchers have addressed this gap, focusing mostly on the role of healthcare practitioners. However, a narrow focus on implementation does not take into consideration the preceding stages and the roles of different actors during the whole innovation process, which starts from research and ends with implementation. The aim of this thesis is to examine the behaviors of three key actors during an innovation process and to explore the influence of selected contextual factors on their behavior. Study I (n=10 funders) identifies several facilitative roles for funders and suggests that implementation risks becoming no one’s responsibility as the funders identify six different actors responsible for implementation, the majority of whom embody a collective or an organization. Study II finds that the implementation knowledge of Swedish funding managers (n=18) is mostly based on experience-based knowledge. The majority of the funding managers define implementation as a process and express limited knowledge of implementation. The findings of Study III (n=4 innovation cases) show that the roles and involvement of academic inventors and ISAs (innovation-supporting actors) are more connected to intellectual property (IP) nature than to intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership. Study IV (n=4 innovation cases) identifies three different logics that influence the behavior of academic inventors: market, academic and care logics. A pattern emerges where the behavior of academic inventors is guided by a unique logic and there is no interaction between logics, despite the existence of multiple logics. The individual strategies to handle multiple logics coincide with the influence of logics. In addition, IP nature, distinguishing between high-tech and low-tech innovations, is connected to the influence of institutional logics: low-tech connected to the care logic and high-tech connected to the market logic. This thesis has three main theoretical and practical implications relevant for practitioners, policymakers and researchers. First, implementation responsibility is an important issue to study and discuss, because without clearly defined responsibilities and management of responsibilities, responsibility might become no one’s responsibility. Second, the finding that experience-based implementation knowledge contributes heavily to policymakers’ knowledge encourages further studies and discussions regarding this relatively neglected issue. Third, the importance of IP nature in shaping innovation processes should be considered and further examined, not only as a factor influencing inventors and ISAs’ roles and involvement, but also as influencing the prevalence of different institutional logics. Further, the relevance of a distinction between low-tech and high-tech IP should be reflected on.
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Kabeya, Schola Mutumene. "Strategies to Implement Innovations in Hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5884.
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which promoted quality of care, started the transformation of healthcare systems in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore clinical practice innovation strategies used by hospital middle managers to improve quality of care and profitability. Pettigrew's theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Participants were 8 middle managers from 2 high-performing hospitals in the southwestern region of the United States. Data were collected from semistructured interviews, personal notes, and review of the hospital's publicly reported documents and literature. Member checking and methodological triangulation increased the credibility, validity, reliability, and trustworthiness of the study findings. Content and thematic data analysis provided the basis for coding the findings. Data analysis resulted in the emergence of 4 themes: organizational culture, leadership, systematic approach to management by objectives, and staff engagement. The findings showed the interactions among internal context, content, and process constructs of Pettigrew's theory as relevant to clinical practice innovation strategies for improving the quality of care and organizational profitability. The implications for positive social change include the potential for hospital middle managers to implement innovative strategies to improve patients' quality of care and save lives and the overall health and wellness of individuals in the communities they serve.
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Kativu, Tatenda Kevin. "A framework for the secure consumerisation of mobile, handheld devices in the healthcare institutional context." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18630.
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The advances in communication technologies have resulted in a significant shift in the workplace culture. Mobile computing devices are increasingly becoming an integral part of workplace culture. Mobility has several advantages to the organisation, one such example is the “always online” workforce resulting in increased productivity hours. As a result, organisations are increasingly providing mobile computing devices to the workforce to enable remote productivity at the organisations cost. A challenge associated with mobility is that these devices are likely to connect to a variety of networks, some which may insecure, and because of their smaller form factor and perceived value, are vulnerable to loss and theft amongst other information security challenges. Increased mobility has far reaching benefits for remote and rural communities, particularly in the healthcare domain where health workers are able to provide services to previously inaccessible populations. The adverse economic and infrastructure environment means institution provided devices make up the bulk of the mobile computing devices, and taking away the ownership, the usage patterns and the susceptibility of information to adversity are similar. It is for this reason that this study focuses on information security on institution provided devices in a rural healthcare setting. This study falls into the design science paradigm and is guided by the principles of design science proposed by Hevner et al. The research process incorporates literature reviews focusing on health information systems security and identifying theoretical constructs that support the low-resource based secure deployment of health information technologies. Thereafter, the artifact is developed and evaluated through an implementation case study and expert reviews. The outcomes from the feedback are integrated into the framework.
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Belazreg, Walid. "Innovation par le design thinking et business models inclusifs : conceptualisation et mise en oeuvre des strategies d'entreprise pro-pauvres. Cas Schneider Electric et General Electric Healthcare." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0015/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la méthode Design thinking dans le contexte particulier des stratégies d'entreprises pro-pauvres, et plus particulièrement dans le contexte de développement de business models inclusifs à la base de la pyramide des marchés émergents. Dans ce contexte, et comme pour tout nouveau marché, les entreprises multinationales sont de plus en plus conscientes qu'elles devront apprendre de nouvelles façons radicales de travailler pour réussir. Dans le cadre du business inclusif, les entreprises doivent développer une nouvelle philosophie, de nouveaux processus, de nouvelles capacités, de nouveaux partenariats et une collaboration approfondie avec différentes parties prenantes. Nous proposons que la méthode Design thinking appliquée au contexte de la base de la pyramide peut en effet favoriser le développement des capacités de création de nouveaux business models innovants et inclusifs et la création de valeur partagée. Une tentative de validation de cette méthode dans le contexte de la base de la pyramide, est faite à travers deux cas d'entreprises multinationales : GE-Healthcare et Schneider Electric, qui fournissent des solutions uniques aux défis auxquelles sont confrontées les populations de la base de la pyramide dans différents secteurs comme la santé ou l'énergie. En mettant l'accent sur certains des principes fondamentaux du Design thinking comme la centralité sur l'humain, la co-création et l'expérimentation ou encore la collaboration, l'étude essaye de valider un ensemble de processus et de capacités sur lesquelles se base la création de nouveaux business models inclusifs et le développement de solutions innovantes entièrement contextualisées face à des problèmes réelsThis thesis deals with the study of Design thinking in the particular context of pro-poor business strategies, and more particularly in the context of the development of inclusive business models at the base of the pyramid of emerging markets. In this context, and as in any new market, multinational companies are increasingly aware that they will have to learn new, radical ways to work for success. Within the framework of inclusive business, companies must develop a new philosophy, new processes, new capabilities, new partnerships and in-depth collaboration with different stakeholders. We propose that the Design thinking method applied to the context of the base of the pyramid can indeed encourage the development of the capabilities of creation of new innovative and inclusive business models and the creation of shared value. An attempt to validate this method in the context of the pyramid was made in two cases of multinational companies: GE-Healthcare and Schneider Electric, which provide unique solutions to the challenges faced by The pyramid in different sectors such as healthcare or energy. By focusing on some of the fundamental principles of design thinking such as human centeredness, co-creation and experimentation, and collaboration, the study tries to validate a set of processes and capabilities that enables the creation of new inclusive business models and the development of fully contextualized innovative solutions to real problems
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Nilsson, Frida, and Christin Savelid. "Att bädda för test : Utvecklingen av en innovations- och testmiljö inom Landstinget i Östergötland." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95586.
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Ämnet för uppsatsen grundar sig i en ökad efterfrågan av att kunna införa teknik och informationsteknik (IT), som är testad och anpassad för en verksamhet redan innan införandet. Vidare finns det ett behov av att, genom nya innovationer, uppnå långsiktiga strategiska mål inom vård och omsorg. Därför har Sveriges innovationsmyndighet Vinnova startat en satsning på testbäddar inom vård och omsorg. En testbädd kan liknas vid en innovations- och testmiljö där samarbete mellan vårdpersonal, företag och forskning kan ske för att ta fram produkter, processer och tjänster som är anpassade till den miljö där dessa sedan ska tillämpas. Denna studie berör hur utveckling och organisering av en innovations- och testmiljö kan gå till och vilka utmaningar som finns. Vidare tar vi upp intressenters roller och behov i utvecklingen samt hur innovation kan stimuleras i en organisation. Detta har genomförts med hjälp av en fallstudie kring utvecklingen av en testbädd i Landstinget i Östergötland (LIÖ). Teorier inom områdena intressenter, utveckling och innovation används för att stödja analysen och skapa förståelse för vissa begrepp. Den empiriska undersökningen utförs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från olika intressentgrupper till testbädd LIÖ. Analysen genomförs även med hjälp av dokumentstudier som en del i den empiriska undersökningen. Det empiriska materialet diskuteras i relation till den teoretiska referensramen för att uppnå ett kunskapsbidrag i form av en slutsats. Denna berör hur en innovations- och testmiljö kan utvecklas och organiseras, intressenternas roll och behov i utvecklingen samt hur innovationer kan genereras och utvecklas i organisationer. Med fallets hjälp kan praktiken ge ny kunskap om dessa områden inför kommande utvecklingsprojekt av liknande karaktär.The topic of this paper is based on an increased demand for the introduction of technology and information technology (IT), which is better tested and adapted for a business before the implementation. Furthermore, there is a need that through new innovations, achieve long-term strategic objectives in the care sector. Therefore, the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova started a venture in test beds in healthcare. A test bed can be likened to an innovation and testing environment. In these, collaboration between healthcare professionals, businesses and research is done to develop products, processes and services that are adapted to the environment in which they are then applied. This study concerns the development and organization of an innovation- and testing environment and what the challenges are. It also concerns the roles and the needs of the stakeholders in the development and how innovation can be achieved in an organization. This has been studied by a case concerning the development of the testbed LIÖ in Östergötland County Council. Theories in the fields of stakeholders, development and innovation are used to support the analysis around these parts, and to create an understanding of some concepts. The empirical study is carried out through semi-structured interviews with representatives from various stakeholder groups to testbed LIÖ. The analysis is also carried out with the help of document studies as part of the empirical investigation. The empirical data are discussed in relation to the theoretical framework for achieving a knowledge contribution in the form of a conclusion. This affects how an innovation and test environment can be developed and organized, stakeholder roles and needs of the development and how innovations can be generated and developed in organizations. The study of the case can provide new knowledge in these areas for future development projects of similar nature.
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Duong, Tu-Anh. "Intégration par les usages d’une innovation en santé : La télédermatologie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC096/document.
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La conception d’un produit ou d’un service en Santé est un processus complexe et risqué. Il doit intégrer dans les phases précoces de conception les normes, les contraintes réglementaires, les données de surveillance et d’évaluation de la sécurité jusqu’à l’autorisation de mise sur le marché pour les dispositifs médicaux, mais également les préférences des utilisateurs experts : professionnels de santé ou non-experts : patients. Dans le marché compétitif des nouveaux produits ou services en Santé, l’enjeu pour les ingénieurs est de faire coïncider les besoins des utilisateurs à leur contexte et usages tout en intégrant toutes les parties prenantes du système de soin. Innovation médicale, technologique et organisationnelle, la télémédecine (TM) est l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies pour délivrer des actes médicaux. L’objectif de cette thèse est la mise au point d’une méthodologie centrée sur les utilisateurs et leurs usages pour concevoir, développer, intégrer et valider une application dermatologique de la TM : la télédermatologie. L’opportunité de validation de cette méthodologie pour intégrer et déployer un service innovant dans un service de dermatologie y est également discutéeDesigning product or services for healthcare system is highly complex, costly and risky. It combines constraints such as being a multi decisional and multilevel system with specific financial model linked to the state the healthcare system organization belongs to. In the highly marketing-time sensitive context of innovative products or services, there is challenge for designers to be able to match the new design to the users’ needs, answering to their context or usages while integrating all system stakeholder components. Telemedicine (TM) is the use of ITtechnologies to provide medical care or medical advice. It is considered a care delivery transformation combining medical, technological and organizational innovation. Using the example of Teledermatology a dermatological application of TM, this PhD develops a methodology based upon users contexts and usages to design integrate and provide an assessment model to decision makers. The opportunity to implement and integrate the service in French department of dermatology is discussed
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Perkins, Brian. "The Welsh Healthcare Innovation Pipeline." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7869.
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This investigation explored the Welsh Life Sciences (LS) sector through a Grounded Theory approach. Semi-structured interviews with senior stakeholders from academia, government, industry, NHS Wales, third sector and professional institutions were conducted. A conceptual framework was developed to help understand the complex interactions within the Welsh LS sector. Gap analysis was systematically applied to the data in order to design a model for potential interventions to positively influence the Welsh LS sector. The model was then compared with current and forthcoming policy and policy recommendations to produce an integrated intervention termed the “Welsh Healthcare Innovation Pipeline” (WHIP), to result in the adoption of new innovation within NHS Wales through sourcing, trialling, assessing, procuring, and adopting healthcare innovations through an integrated framework. The proposal is that the WHIP would be adopted across Wales after being piloted sub-regionally within the West Wales region.
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Hebiz, Chams Eddoha. "Capacité d'absorption des connaissances et apprentissage organisationnel : "application à cinq entreprises du secteur de biotechnologies de santé"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB001.
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Cette thèse vise à comprendre quels sont les mécanismes d’absorption de connaissances externes aux organisations susceptibles de contribuer au développement d’innovations en interne. En ce qui concerne la problématique de la thèse, l’objectif est d’approfondir trois questions principales : - Question 1 : Comment les organisations absorbent-elles les connaissances externes ?- Question 2 : Quelles sont "les conditions organisationnelles "qui influencent la capacité d'absorption des connaissances par les entreprises ? - Question 3 : Quelle est la relation qui existe entre la « capacité d'exploitation » des connaissances externes et « l’aptitude à innover » ?Pour répondre à ces trois questions principales, une synthèse de la littérature a été effectuée. Cette synthèse a mis en particulier l’accent sur les travaux ayant comme problématique la relation susceptible d’exister entre les trois concepts majeurs abordés dans la thèse, à savoir : « l’apprentissage organisationnel », la « capacité d'absorption » des connaissances et « l’aptitude à innover ». A l’issue de cette recension bibliographique, sept propositions ont été formulées. Celles-ci portent sur deux points : le premier cible la question d'influence de « facteurs organisationnels spécifiques » sur « la capacité d’absorption ». Quant au second point, il concerne la relation entre « la capacité d’exploitation des connaissances externes » et « l’aptitude à innover ».A la suite de l’approche de la littérature, une recherche empirique a été réalisée en s’appuyant sur les méthodes suggérées par Eisenhardt (1989-2007), Yin (2003), Miles et Huberman (2003). Cette recherche est structurée en deux étapes. Une étude de cas exploratoire effectuée au sein d’une entreprise exemplaire, du secteur des biotechnologies de santé, nous a permis d’abord d’analyser les spécificités de son « processus d’absorption des connaissances » et des conditions organisationnelles qui l’influencent. Une étude transversale consacrée à quatre entreprises du même secteur d’activité nous a permis ensuite de vérifier dans quelle mesure les résultats de l’analyse exploratoire sont susceptibles d’être généralisés. Il est utile de préciser que le type d’innovations pris en considération dans cette thèse porte sur l’innovation technologique.Les résultats démontrent que plusieurs aspects importants caractérisent le processus d'absorption des connaissances mis en œuvre au sein des entreprises étudiées. D'une part, ils confirment la nature multidimensionnelle, cumulative et interactive de ce processus. D'autre part, ils mettent en évidence la nature incertaine, itérative et non linéaire du processus d’absorption. Ils révèlent également qu'une union adéquate entre les différentes dimensions des conditions organisationnelles d'absorption des connaissances influence positivement les quatre dimensions du processus d'absorption. Les résultats dégagés conduisent par ailleurs à conclure que la capacité d'exploitation des connaissances et les conditions organisationnelles de leur absorption contribuent à améliorer la capacité d'innovation des entreprises du secteur des biotechnologies de santé. Finalement, les résultats obtenus permettent d’élaborer un cadre conceptuel de l'absorption des connaissances et de dégager des pistes de réflexion, en vue d'améliorer la compréhension de la capacité d'absorption des connaissancesThis thesis aims at understanding which mechanisms of external knowledge absorption of organizations that is likely to contribute to the development of internal innovations. And concerning the thesis problem, the objective is to consider deeply three main questions :Q1: How do the organizations absorb external knowledge ?Q2: What are the organizational conditions that affect the absorptive capacity of knowledge by companies?Q3: What is the relation that exists between "the exploitation capacity" of external knowledge and "the ability to innovate"?In order to answer these three main questions, a literature synthesis has been conducted. This synthesis implements in particular the emphasis on the work having as problematic the relationship that may exist among the three major points discussed in the thesis namely "The organizational learning", "absorptive capacity" and "the ability to innovate".As a conclusion of this literature review, seven proposals were made. They are focused on two points. The first point targets the question of the influence of "specific organizational factors" on the absorptive capacity. The second is about the relation between "the exploitation capacity" of external knowledge and "the ability to innovate".Following the literature approach, an empirical research has been carried out relying on the methods suggested by Eisenhardt (1989-2007), Yin (2003), Miles and Huberman (2003). This empirical research is structured in two stages. An exploratory case study conducted in an exemplary company in the sector of biotechnology health has allowed us first to analyze the specifics of its "absorption process of knowledge" and the organizational conditions that influence it. Afterward, a cross-sectional study of four companies in the same industry then allowed us to check out how the results of the exploratory analysis can be generalized. It is useful to clarify that the type of innovations considered in this thesis is technological innovation.The results demonstrate several important aspects, which characterize the process of knowledge absorption implemented within companies. On the one hand, they confirm the multidimensional, cumulative and interactive nature of this process. On the other hand, they clarify evidently the uncertain, iterative and nonlinear nature of absorption process. The results reveal that a proper union between the different dimensions of organizational conditions of knowledge absorption which influences positively the four dimensions of the of the absorption process.These results have led us to conclude that the exploitation capacity of knowledge and organizational conditions of their absorption contribute to improving the innovation capacity of companies in the biotechnology health’s sector. Finally, the results obtained allow to develop a conceptual framework of the knowledge absorption and to identify ways of reflections to improve the understanding of the absorption capacity of knowledge
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Gabassi, Gianfranco. "Innovation for a Sustainable Healthcare: : How can patients improve their own healthcare?" Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129269.
Full textAbstract:
As the demographic pictures is changing across the Western world, healthcare costs are growing at unsustainable rates. In order to sustain the healthcare we’re used to in the Western world, new healthcare deliver strategies must be implemented. As the average person grows older, chronic diseases hit more people, requiring costly treatments for a growing part of the population. A successful approach could address the problem of medical adherence, together with increasing awareness among patients through increased involvement. During the last century, the healthcare industry has received vast amounts of technological and medical innovations. However, the interaction between the patient and the doctor has very much remained the same. Is it possible that an increase in patient involvement can lead to improved healthcare outcomes? And further, how would they be able to become more involved? Through a qualitative study involving interviews with experts in the field, ideas were shared on how patient involvement can benefit both the patient and the healthcare, followed by how this involvement can takeplace. Results involved the medical delivery strategy of P4 Medicine, closely related to the concept of Personalized Medicine. These theories advise the patients to take a much more active role in the healthcare. It encourages a shift from the reactive to the proactive healthcare, leading to a new view of the healthcare as a lifelong partner. The conclusion drawn included that patient involvement is an important step towards a much cheaper and effective healthcare. With more data-mining and smarter systems, more people are able to develop services that can improve life for both patients and health professionals.
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Engström, Jon. "Patient involvement and service innovation in healthcare." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kvalitetsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106661.
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This thesis adds to a stream of research suggesting that healthcare can be more patient centered and efficient by redefining the role of the patient from a passive receiver to a more active and collaborative participant. This may relate to healthcare provision (Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Berry and Bendapudi, 2007; Bitner and Brown, 2008; McColl-Kennedy et al., 2012; Nordgren, 2008) and innovation (Bate and Robert, 2006; Groene et al., 2009; Longtin et al., 2010). Through research initiative containing four healthcare units and 68 patients, the present thesis combines healthcare research (e.g., Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Nelson et al., 2002) with service research (e.g., Grönroos, 2006; Vargo and Lusch, 2008, 2004) to explore three aspects of patient involvement and service innovation. Firstly, the concept of patient involvement itself is investigated through an extensive literature review of empirical research on patient involvement. A model describing the antecedents, forms and consequences of patient involvement is proposed. What value is, and how patients can co-create value is discussed from the perspectives of healthcare research and service management thought. Secondly, the thesis proposes a diary-based methodology for involving patients in service innovation. My colleagues and I developed the methodology in collaboration with the participating care providers and applied it in practice. We used the experiences we gained from the project and the contributions from the patients to examine the opportunities for user involvement in service innovation. The participants contributed with ideas and insights stemming from their experiences in their contact with healthcare and other resources. We suggest the following three ways of learning from the collected data: As ideas for improvements; through summary reports to illustrate other quantitative data; and as narratives to promote change. Thirdly, the thesis explores patients’ motivations to participate in service innovation, a hitherto unexplored field. Through an analysis of patients’ contributions and interviews with participants we found that there are a number of factors that motivate patients to participate and that participation is perceived as a social- and meaningladen event. Patients derive psychological well-being and support from participation, but disease was sometimes a barrier to participation. This thesis elaborates on how the most motivated users can be involved in service innovation, applying thinking from the lead-user methodology to a healthcare setting. Overall, the thesis explores patient involvement from new perspectives and, by doing so, adds to our collective efforts to improve healthcare.Denna avhandling syftar till en mer patientcentrerad och effektiv sjukvård. Den bidrar till en strömning inom forskningen som menar att sjukvården kan förbättras genom en omdefiniering av patientrollen – från en roll som passiv mottagare till aktiv, samskapande aktör. Patienten kan ses som en resurs både i utförande av vården (Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Berry and Bendapudi, 2007; Bitner and Brown, 2008; McColl-Kennedy et al., 2012; Nordgren, 2008) och inom utveckling och innovation (Bate and Robert, 2006; Groene et al., 2009; Longtin et al., 2010). Avhandlingen kombinerar sjukvårdsforskning (Anderson and Funnell, 2005; Nelson et al., 2002) med tjänsteforskning (Grönroos, 2006; Vargo and Lusch, 2008, 2004) i en forskningsansats som innefattar fyra vårdenheter och 68 patienter. Den utforskar tre aspekter av patientinvolvering och tjänsteinnovation. För det första undersöks konceptet patientinvolvering genom en omfattande litteraturöversikt av den empiriska forskningen på området. Översikten leder till en konceptuell modell för att beskriva patientinvolvering: vad dess förutsättningar är, vilka former av patientinvolvering som finns och vad patientinvolvering leder till. Avhandlingen diskuterar även begreppet värde och hur patienter kan samskapa värde, utifrån perspektiv inom vårdforskning och tjänsteforskning. För det andra föreslår avhandlingen en dagboksbaserad metod för att involvera patienter i tjänsteinnovation. Deltagande patienter skriver i denna metod ner sina ner sina idéer och upplevelser varje dag under två veckors tid. Mina kollegor och jag utvecklade metoden i samarbete med personal från de deltagande vårdenheterna och applicerade den på praktiken. Erfarenheterna från projektet och de deltagande patienternas bidrag användes för att utforska möjligheterna med patientinvolvering i utvecklingen av vården. Vi föreslår tre sätt att lära sig från det insamlade materialet: som direkta idéer till förbättringar; summerat till rapporter för att ge kvalitativ förståelse av andra kvantitativa mätningar; och enskilda patienters berättelser kan användas för att förmedla patientperspektivet i organisationen och mana till förändring. För det tredje undersöker avhandlingen patienters motivation att bidra till tjänsteinnovation, ett hittills outforskat område. Genom en analys av patienters bidrag och genom intervjuer med deltagare finner vi att patienter motiveras att delta av en rad olika anledningar, från ett behov av upprättelse till en glädje av att utföra aktiviteten. Deltagandet uppfattas som en social och meningsfull händelse. Patienter upplever psykiskt välbefinnande och stöd genom att delta, även om sjukdom kan vara ett hinder i deltagandet. Avhandlingen undersöker även hur de allra mest motiverade patienterna kan identifieras och inkluderas i tjänsteinnovation, detta inspirerat av lead user-metoden (von Hippel, 1986). Sammantaget utforskar avhandlingen patientinvolvering och tjänsteinnovation från nya perspektiv och bidrar därmed till våra gemensamma ansträngningar för att förbättra vården och patienters välbefinnande.
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Cohen, Elliot M. B. A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Accelerating digital health innovation : analyzing opportunities in the healthcare innovation ecosystem." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80993.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-24).
There has recently been a dramatic increase in demand for healthcare innovation. In this thesis we present a framework for analyzing a digital health innovation ecosystem in the US. Our framework consists of four key activities: innovation generation, entrepreneurial team formation, early company incubation, and validation of the core innovation. Throughout the paper we analyze the existing literature around innovation in order to motivate the design of the framework. The framework is applied to three key innovation ecosystems in the US; Silicon Valley, Boston, and New York as a way to illustrate how this tool can be used to analyze digital health ecosystems in order to understand what key areas exist for improvement. We end the thesis with a discussion of the various programmatic ideas that might be used to bolster each category as well as a discussion of adapting this type of ecosystem development to the natural capacity of a region.
by Elliot Cohen.
M.B.A.
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Lewis, Trystan. "Innovation in surgical training and its impact on healthcare." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10731.
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Surgical training is currently in a state of flux, with dramatic changes in the way it is structured and delivered. The greatest challenges to surgical training have come from the advent of minimally invasive surgery in the 1990’s and more recently the reduction in a doctors working hours. This has led to a significant decrease in training opportunities that are available to the surgical trainee. Simulation has been heralded as an effective adjunct to surgical training whilst ensuring high standards of patient safety. This thesis aims to investigate the factors influencing current surgical training methods and whether simulation can be used to improve the effectiveness of surgical training in a cost efficient manner. The first part of this thesis investigates the impact that the reduction in working hours has had on surgical training, and whether the use of simulation can alleviate this. The reduction in working hours for doctors has led to a significant reduction in training opportunities. However, laboratory based simulation training can improve technical skills, provided it is used as part of a proficiency based technical skills curriculum. The second part of this thesis investigates the impact that innovations in surgery have had on surgical training, and whether simulator technology can advance at a similar rate. The introduction of single incision laparoscopic surgery provides further challenges for the surgical trainee, and it is clear that a novice laparoscopic surgeon needs further technical skills curriculum based training before entering the operating room. In addition, advancement in simulator technology now allows senior surgeons to learn advanced techniques in the skills laboratory. The final part of this thesis aims to assess the current costs of surgical training in the operating room, and whether simulation can improve operating room efficiency such that cost savings can be made. One of the main criticisms of simulation training is that it is expensive. However, the evidence in this thesis demonstrates that traditional training is also very expensive; and with prior training on simulation, operating times can be significantly reduced, providing sufficient cost savings that make simulation cost efficient. Simulation works. This is clear from the literature and from evidence provided by this thesis. Although simulation alone is not sufficient to train surgeons to operating room proficiency, it can provide a useful adjunct to surgical training. It allows trainees to train in the safety of skills laboratory, and shorten the learning curve in the operating room which in turn improves patient safety. If appropriate simulators are selected and used correctly, it can provide benefits to the healthcare system by reducing costs through an improvement in operating room efficiency.
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Lundström, Hannah, Tomas Berglund, and Sara Lycke. "An applied model for implementation of innovative IT-solutions for telehealth into the healthcare system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226009.
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Today, new technologies are introduced to the market every day, and constantly changing our way of living. Especially in the healthcare sector, the change process is approaching a point where doctors can benefit from the use of, for example, connected portable reading devices instead of paper-based medical record systems. The information and communication technology is promoting the evolution of a new pathway of care delivery, a paradigm shift that alters the fundamental relationship between a doctor and its patient. The concept is defined as telehealth and formulates the provision of care at a distance and provides the possibility to treat patients in their home environment instead of at the hospital. This master’s thesis has been performed on the request of Cenvigo AB, a company active in the implementation of new IT-solutions into the healthcare and eldercare. Cenvigo AB are the owners of the Parkinson’s Digital Assessment (PANDA) application. The application has been developed through research at Dalarna University and Uppsala University Hospital. This project will initiate the launch of PANDA and also create a model for implementation of innovative IT-solutions into the healthcare systems. The model is founded in a theoretical framework and shaped with interviews related to the implementation of technology with a focus on telehealth applications. Interviews has been performed with healthcare professionals, technology developers and users to acquire a complete picture and opinions regarding the introduction of innovation in healthcare today. From the acquired information, a model is formulated as a stepwise and chronological linear process were identified key activities are included to promote a successful implementation process. The model is connected to the practice through the implementation of PANDA. In the process of implementing PANDA into the Swedish healthcare system, a collaboration with the innovation centre at Uppsala University Hospital as a healthcare organization stakeholder, has been initiated. The model consists of five phases; Assessment, Dissemination, Adoption, Implementation and Continuation. The phases are seen as transitional steps in the innovation process, critical barriers to overcome towards a successfully implementation in a mainstream routine setting. Each phase includes a number of activities and to achieve progression in each phase, these activities must be performed in order to advance to the next phase. In the case of PANDA, the process of progression has passed assessment and are currently involved in activities related to the dissemination phase. The purpose of the model is to be used both for existing and future applications in the segment of medicine technology sector. The structure of the model is designed to promote a co-design or a common value principle of development and practice regarding an innovation. By connecting actors from both technology and healthcare in close relationships the actual needs of healthcare professionals could more effectively be identified and developed into a solution, a result from the amplification of a two-way engagement. The outmost aim is to serve as a catalysing factor, complementing the implementation models of healthcare in Sweden today. Through this study, a need for facilitating the implementation process of new technology into the healthcare systems has been identified. This model offers the necessary input that many technology companies lack. The recommendation to Cenvigo AB is to continue to develop the model during the last step in the process of launching PANDA, and parallel use this model as a business model mainly for technology start-ups and larger foreign companies that has not yet established pathways into the Swedish healthcare system.TVE 14 036
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Phillips, Mark Alwyn. "Understanding convergent innovation in healthcare technologies : relational models for nascent ecosystems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273350.
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New developments such as 'Precision Medicine' and 'Digital Health' are emerging areas in healthcare technology, underpinned by 'convergent technology' or 'cross-industry' innovation. However, convergence results in greater uncertainty and influence from new knowledge and actors, including previously disparate technologies and capabilities, bringing specific challenges in the development of innovations. Although the literature addresses the context of technology convergence, there has been limited research reported on the how such innovation is effected in nascent ecosystems. This qualitative research addresses identified literature gaps, initially by using a combination of ecosystem actor interviews (n=39) to understand the context, followed by five longitudinal in-depth case studies at innovator organisations. Case evidence was obtained from a combination of interviews (n=62), supplemented by field observations, primary documents and evidence from publicly available sources. The data was subjected to multiple coding methods, with plausible causal mechanisms identified through case and cross-case analyses. The research findings identify a set of five interconnected micro-processes (early organisational routines) which together form a non-deterministic activity system that enables an innovator to navigate (the ecosystem), negotiate (a position within it) and nurture (the innovation and ecosystem). The research further identifies the importance of careful balancing between relationally focussed credibility-seeking and advantage-seeking actions as the main driver 'guiding' managers when developing the innovation, the associated business model(s) and value network in the evolving ecosystem. A conceptual model and framework are developed to show the interrelationships between organisational routines, the activity systems and the ecosystem. In developing organisational capabilities, it is argued that convergent innovation requires mostly incremental changes (low depth of change) across many organisational routines (high breadth of change), which reduce the uncertainty of organizational change and thus increase internal acceptance. These findings support the argument that innovators require a more 'systemic' view of innovation and governance approaches contributing to the innovation and capabilities literature. From a practice perspective, the research provides mechanisms for building relational capabilities critical to innovation delivery.
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Etges, Ana Paula Beck da Silva. "The economic enterprise risk management innovation program for healthcare organizations : E2RMhealthcare." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185804.
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A Gestão de Riscos Corporativos (ERM), a partir das publicações da ISO 31000 em 2009 e do guia do COSO em 2007, vem sendo aplicada e adaptada às especificidades de múltiplos mercados. O contexto hospitalar, caracterizado pela necessidade de avanços em sistemas e métodos gerenciais que permitam maior acurácia de informações e sustento na orientação à tomada de decisão, passou a, também, interessar-se pelo valor da ERM. Influenciado pelos programas de qualidade e segurança do paciente e de gestão de riscos assistencial, presentes na cultura hospitalar mundial, gestores estratégicos à frente de organizações de saúde começaram a procurar por metodologias que possam ser adaptadas à complexidade de um hospital e apoiem a implementação da ERM. A literatura prévia ao desenvolvimento desta tese não apresenta um modelo que consolida e orienta a operacionalização da ERM em organizações de saúde, mas destaca em múltiplas publicações a necessidade que os hospitais têm de atentar a metodologias que permitam gerir de forma proativa e estratégica seus negócios, que estão expostos a riscos internos e externos. Motivada pela lacuna descrita, esta tese explorou o mercado brasileiro e norte americano através de entrevistas, estudos de caso e survey, e propôs um modelo global de ERM para organizações de saúde: o E2RMhealthcare. Este sugere requisitos para a operacionalização global da ERM e é fragmentado em 4 níveis: risk baseline, education, quantitative e governance que orientam uma implementação gradual, considerando a maturidade de gestão da organização. Formas de como explorar as características do hospital e capital humano para exercer a ERM também foram estudadas, sendo proposto uma relação entre as equipes de avaliação de tecnologias de saúde hospitalar e de ERM no processo de criação de valor da organização através de um mapa de causa e efeito. Como destaque do negócio saúde, essa tese inova propondo o primeiro inventário de riscos corporativos orientado a organizações de saúde que foi validado por gestores de múltiplos países, identificando o risco de ataques cibernéticos como o principal. Por fim, o uso de métodos de análise multicriterial e de custeio por atividade são aplicados como soluções inovadoras para a priorização e avaliação econômica de riscos ao longo dos níveis Baseline e Quantitative do E2RMhealthcare. O avanço do E2RMhealthcare com estas metodologias incorporadas para um software com capacidade de inteligência artificial é deixado como sugestão de trabalhos futuros além da sua real aplicação em múltiplos casos.Since the ISO 31000 publication in 2009 and the COSO guide in 2007 Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been applied and adapted to the specificities of different business markets. The hospital context characterized by the demand for advances in management systems and methods that allow to improve information accuracy and to support the decision-making process, also became interested in the value of ERM. Influenced by quality and patient safety and healthcare risk management programs presents in the global hospital culture, managers at the top of healthcare organizations started to look for methodologies that can be adapted to the hospital management complexity to support the ERM implementation. The literature, prior to the development of this thesis, does not present a model that consolidates a guide to operationalize ERM in healthcare organizations. Although emphasizes, in multiple publications, the urgency for methodologies that enable proactive and strategic management of healthcare businesses, which are exposed to internal and external risks. Motivated by the described gap, this thesis explored the Brazilian and American healthcare market through interviews, case studies and survey, and proposed a global ERM model for healthcare organizations: E2RMhealthcare. It suggests requirements for global operationalization of the ERM and is organized in 4 levels: risk baseline, education, quantitative and governance that guide a gradual implementation, considering the maturity of the organization management. Different manners to explore the features of the hospital and human capital to operate the ERM were also studied, and it was proposed a relation between the hospital healthcare technology assessment teams and the ERM in the value creation process of the organization through a cause and effect map. Focusing on the healthcare business, this thesis innovates by proposing the first enterprise risk inventory aimed at healthcare organizations that was confirmed by risk managers from different countries. Cyber-attack was identified as the main enterprise risk in healhtcare. Finally, the use of multicriterial analysis methods and activity-based costing are applied as innovative solutions for prioritization and economic assessment of risks throughout the Baseline and Quantitative levels of E2RMhealthcare. The progress of E2RMhealthcare with these incorporated methodologies for a software with artificial intelligence capacity is left as a suggestion for future studies, in addition to its actual application in multiple cases.
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Holmlund, Jeanette, and Robyn Schimmer. "Implicit or Explicit: : Understanding the role of Information Technology in Co- Creational Workshop Results." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90189.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for increased efficiency and patient-centered care has been influencing the development of healthcare in Sweden, and information technology has an important role in that process. Developing and implementing systems for public healthcare have proven to be a great challenge. One way to address this challenge is open innovation and co-creation. While there are a lot of studies focusing on innovation processes, there is little research regarding how technology is presented in the results. We have studied a co-creational workshop that focused on putting new perspectives on the use of information technology in healthcare. The workshop resulted in eight concepts which have been analyzed in terms of how technology is expressed. The results were categorized into implicit and explicit use of technology and this categorization indicates that the implicit use of technology is of the bricolage kind. By being both implicit and bricolage-like, the concepts hold qualities that make them more likely to be integrated into existing workplaces.
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Wasilewski, Jennifer. "Ambidexterity and Innovation in Chief Nursing Officers in the Healthcare Setting." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7844.
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Leaders in the healthcare setting are challenged with competing responsibilities as they seek to provide high-quality services, ensure the implementation of safety measures, and engage in workforce maintenance. Many researchers have described innovation as a strategic approach to organizational concerns and have noted a failure to implement innovative measures in healthcare. This study was an investigation of the impact of ambidexterity in healthcare leaders on innovation. The purpose of this quantitative study, guided by the ambidexterity theory of leadership for innovation, was to analyze the extent to which ambidextrous leadership characteristics of healthcare executives and chief nursing officers (CNOs) influence the innovative performance of CNOs in the healthcare setting. The research question addressed which ambidextrous leadership behaviors or combination of behaviors, including open and closed behaviors of healthcare executives and exploration and exploitation actions of CNOs in healthcare settings, explain a statistically significant portion of the variance in innovative performance of CNOs. The research design involved the administration of a cross-sectional quantitative survey to 126 CNOs from across the nation. Each participant was employed by an acute-care hospital, held an active nursing license in the state employed, and had been in the role of CNO or chief nursing executive (CNE) for over a year, reporting directly to executive leadership. A linear multiple regression analyzed the correlation between ambidextrous factors and the effect on performance innovation. Findings suggest that a combination of ambidextrous behaviors had more impact on innovation performance than each set of behaviors alone. The results of the study may be used for the development of nursing leadership and supporting efforts for overall improvement in healthcare.
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Larsson, Madelene. "Traceability in Healthcare Innovation Maintaining the Relations Between Needs and Solutions." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00561.
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Healthcare is an important arena for improvement and innovation by the use of e-health solutions. But many obstacles exist, such as insufficiency in interoperability and usability. One reason for this problematic situation is that the development process has been inadequate. Swedish healthcare serves under regulations for public procurement. Hence, almost every e-health solution has to be procured to prevent an orientation towards illegal direct award of contracts. Specifying requirements that explain what the customer and users needs and why, is one of the most critical parts of that process. The customer gets what asked for, but often the requirements are on a high level of interpretation and not explicit or traceable enough. This prevents interoperability and usability from being a vital part of the prioritizing activity. Today knowledge about requirement processes and traceability is fragmented, and often more based on ideal models than on practical, real life experiences. The aim of this work is therefore to understand how traceability is managed and how it can be improved. I investigate who is most suitable to perform the “traceability activity” and, maybe even more important, the skill needed to fulfil that task. With a practice-based and ethnographical approach several studies have been conducted in different healthcare settings in Sweden, all closely connected to the design- and development process in e-health projects. The research shows that traceability maintains the relation between needs and solutions by providing a reality check for every step in the procurement and development. To accomplish that, requirements must be made explicit and interpretable for different stakeholders. The actors best suited for this “traceability activity” must have a holistic approach and know how to identify needs and relate them to the context. This demands a domain-specific knowledge about the healthcare setting and understanding how the organisation works practically and politically. It is crucial to also be skilled at usability, design, development and procurement. In addition, implementing IT in healthcare cannot be separated from business development. I argue that it is time to update the way healthcare development is managed and by whom. First, healthcare management must pay more attention on usability and the crucial role that healthcare professionals have as change leaders and needfinders to strengthening existing initiatives. Second, the design community must match existing initiatives and roles in healthcare with the designers’ special knowledge to support innovation and design processes.
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Okeke, Udonna C. "The role of governance mechanisms on the diffusion of innovation in healthcare networks." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2018. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/34859/.
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This research investigated innovation diffusion in healthcare networks, focusing on the roles of contractual and relational governance mechanisms. The National Health Service (NHS) England is faced with many challenges, including an ageing population, austerity measures, changes in public expectations in terms of quality of healthcare delivery, advances in technology and medicines, and pressure to do more with less resources (Lacobucci, 2017; Wollaston, 2017). Several studies and practitioner reports identify innovation within healthcare networks as a means of dealing with the current challenges in NHS England (see Nicholson, 2011; Ham and Murray, 2015; Parris et al., 2016). Consequently, innovation is now at the heart of the healthcare agenda, with much of the rhetoric focused on the ability of NHS England to diffuse and adopt innovations (Barnett et al., 2011). Increasingly, studies are highlighting the linkages between innovation diffusion and governance, with many commentators suggesting that governance has an influence on innovation diffusion (Hartley, 2005; Savedoff, 2009; Mikkelsen-Lopez et al. 2011 Barbazza and Tello, 2014). Focusing on healthcare networks, researchers have stressed that governance is a function of mechanisms or processes which are formally and informally used to distribute responsibilities among actors (Kaufmann et al., 1999; WHO, 2007; Siddiqi et al., 2009). Governance affects the organisational environment in which innovation diffusion decisions are made and is typically believed to be represented by contractual and relational rules of exchange between the actors (Vandaele et al., 2007). Existing investigations have recognised that contractual and relational mechanisms play a significant role in networks (Cannon et al., 2000; Poppo and Zenger, 2002; Yang et al., 2012; Cao and Lumineau, 2015), but the nature of such roles and their interplay has not been established in relation to the diffusion of innovation in healthcare networks, particularly where a bottom-up, rather than top-down, approach to innovation has been employed. The bottom-up process of innovation diffusion highlights the key steps taken during diffusion process, whereby opportunities are created for individuals at the low and mid-level of an organisation to own the innovation, share ideas, and take decisions that enhance the diffusion process (Parnaby and Towil, 2008). This is in contrast to top-down diffusion processes, which are characterised by senior management staff developing innovation diffusion pathways that are expected to be embraced by frontline staff. Building on a review of relevant literature that included innovation diffusion, networks, governance, and contractual and relational governance mechanisms, an initial conceptual framework was developed. The study employed this framework to examine the role of governance mechanisms on the diffusion of innovation in healthcare networks, focusing on NHS England. The research adopted a case study methodology (Yin, 2014) and employed a single case design with multiple embedded sub-units of analysis. The study is part of a large collaborative research programme carried out by a multidisciplinary group of academics drawn from three different universities to evidence the value of an Academic Health Science Network (AHSN). The AHSN represented the single case and this study presents two of the seven embedded sub-units that were selected as projects supported by the AHSN that employed a bottom-up approach to innovation diffusion. The first sub-embedded unit focused on five maternity units and the second on eleven general practices in one English healthcare region. The research data were collected over an eighteen-month period, and incorporated multiple sources of evidence, including semi-structured interviews, observations and secondary data analysis. The findings indicated that the diffusion of innovation in healthcare networks can be promoted via a bottom-up approach enabled through the parallel use of formal governance mechanisms, in this case contracts, and relational governance mechanisms such as trust, information exchange and reputation. The research study also uncovered the key role played by boundary spanners and gatekeepers in orchestrating the innovation diffusion process through, for instance, the connection of experts and industry partners. Based on these findings, the research suggests that, when employing a bottom-up approach to innovation diffusion in healthcare networks it is important that the interplay between contractual and relational governance mechanisms is carefully managed, and that key actors are identified that can operate as boundary spanners and gatekeepers, supporting and championing the diffusion of innovations throughout the healthcare network.
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Marufu, Masiya Passmore Alex. "ICT-based innovation using service dominant logic in healthcare : a design thinking perspective." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64294.
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Health professionals in the developing world face the twin challenge of growing populations requiring services and dwindling resources in the face of reduced funding. Developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) present an opportunity to streamline service offering in a way that maximises the available meagre resources. Such innovations require the input and support of the public that these institutions serve. Design thinking has over the last 20 years developed into a “design paradigm” that can assist service providers to craft solutions to problems that take into account the views of the stakeholders involved.
This work explored how information technology can be used to improve service delivery. Adopting a pragmatic philosophical paradigm and a design science research approach, the researcher used concepts underlying the theory of service dominant logic, coupled with technology capability concepts, to develop a conceptual framework for use in design thinking projects. The development of the Technovation Framework continued over three design cycles, in which a number of design teams focused their efforts on how ICT could be used to improve post-natal care services. The empathy input for these workshops was derived from an eight-week-long in-depth study into the lives of new mothers, using journals and interviews. Interviews with midwives and doctors provided a healthcare perspective of the provision of post-natal care.
The first design workshop was made up of four teams, each consisting of two midwives, two mobile developers and two mothers in a design thinking workshop. The workshop resulted in the development of four prototypes of mobile applications aimed at assisting midwives in educating mothers as well as providing off-site monitoring. Two further workshops were conducted, providing two more iterations of the design process and resulting in further prototypes of potential solutions for use in healthcare. A final evaluation workshop was conducted to validate the fully developed Technovation Process.
This study contributes to knowledge in a number of ways. The first is a deep understanding of the lives of new mothers and challenges they face in a low-resource environment as they struggle with raising their babies in the first eight weeks after giving birth. The second contribution is a framework and an enhanced design thinking process that streamlines the process of consolidating empathy output while providing a mechanism to apply technology capabilities to proposed solutions. A third contribution is the set of lessons that arise from observing design teams at work. The final contribution is in the form of a number of prototypes that could be developed into solutions for use in a developing environment healthcare setting.
Keywords: ICT in healthcare, e-Health, innovation, co-creation, design thinking, developing country, post-natal care, design science research, Technovation, technology capabilitiesThesis (PhD) - University of Pretoria, 2017.
Informatics
PhD
Unrestricted
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Schaumburger, Emelie, and Louise Lagerlöf. "A Community's Impact on The Innovation Process : A study within the healthcare sector." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413686.
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Today's increasing world population has put a strain on the healthcare system due to the spread of diseases that requires new knowledge and technology. As a consequence, problems regarding medical errors and quality can lead to the cause of death. However, salvation to these problems can be innovative solutions. Moreover, the shown difficulties to implement innovations in the healthcare market can be improved by innovating according to, and together with, the end-users, which can be achieved through firm-hosted user- communities. This study aimed to examine the innovation process within a host-firm community with several user-communities in the healthcare market. Consequently, the contribution of the research consists of extending the knowledge about the communication flow within a host-firm community with several user-communities as well as the characteristics of the innovations that get developed and realized by the host-firm. This was examined through a qualitative approach with the main methodology of semi-structured interviews. The collected data was further analyzed through a thematic approach and viewed through a constructed conceptual lens. The conceptual lens constitutes a combination of Rogers’s theory of communication channels and the convergence model of communication, as well as Rogers perceived characteristics of innovation. The outcome of this study portrays the innovation process within the setup of a host-firm community with several user-communities. In other terms, the identified communication flows were between the host-firm and user- communities, between the user-communities and within the user- communities, where the one between user-communities was shown to be almost non-existent in this study. However, the innovation ideas that are transferred in an iterative process within the community resulted in innovation with the characteristics of being a relative advantage, complex and observable.
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Olsson, Jesper. "Factors for successful improvement of Swedish healthcare /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-391-4/.
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Jackson, Christopher T. M. D. "Synergistic Ethos: A Hybrid Approach to Designing Process Improvement for Healthcare Providers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1572879083218549.
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Örnebjär, Dellner Felix. "Market entry for digital healthcare companies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300147.
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As digitalization becomes more pervasive in our society, healthcare is no exception. That new technology promises life-transforming innovations is perhaps of little doubt, but many of these innovations might never reach the market, for a plethora of reasons – many of which are investigated within this thesis. This thesis seeks to codify both industry best practices and extant literature to create a generic roadmap in the form of a framework usable by entrants to facilitate their entry into the Swedish healthcare market. The paper builds on an interpretivist approach and utilizes interviews with experts from the sector, representing companies in all stages of maturity - in addition to providing a micro-level view via survey responses for a specific audience and company in the form of headache sufferers. The paper finds several key obstacles to tackle for a potential entrant, with the primary ones being understanding the reimbursement system, the role and importance of partnerships and the challenge in finding the right talent. Finally, the paper presents a model to navigate the market entry - and codifies the concept of 'pilot death' - failing to scale to any significant degree after a pilot partnership.Den ökade digitaliseringen har medfört nya möjligheter, inte minst inom sjukvård. Ny teknologi för med sig många av dessa möjligheter och bland dessa kan det ibland finnas de som medför omfattande ändringar till våra liv. Många av dessa innovationer når dock aldrig marknaden trots att grundidén har potential att förbättra vårdsystemet. En möjlig förklaring är de hinder som kan uppstå när en produkt eller tjänst lanseras. Denna rapport undersöker därför vad industrin anser vara de viktigaste momenten att tänka på under ett marknadsinträde. Rapporten bygger på intervjuer med experter från olika företag inom svensk sjukvård och ger en djupgående inblick, i form av en fallstudie, i ett företag aktivt inom behandling av kronisk huvudvärk. Rapporten identifierar ett antal utmaningar och hinder – där de mest framstående är vikten av att förstå det ersättningssystem som dominerar svensk sjukvård, utmaningen i att hitta rätt kompetens och rollen som samverkan med existerande bolag spelar. Slutligen presenteras en modell för marknadsinträde och konkretiserar konceptet ’pilotdöd’ – där ett bolags lösning inte lyckas nå någon större användning efter ett pilotsamarbete.
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Gordon, M. "Developing healthcare non-technical skills training through educational innovation and synthesis of educational research." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30826/.
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This thesis presents a programme of nine key published works, as well as twelve published supporting works focusing on two areas. Firstly, an investigation of how non-technical skills education in healthcare can be used to enhance outcomes for patients. Secondly, an exploration of how evidence synthesis be used as a tool to direct educational innovation and, in this context, enhance patient safety. Non-technical skills are the interpersonal, communication, team working and decision making skills that support safe patient care. Existing theory was applied to build new conceptual frameworks to understand how non-technical skill learning occurs. Educational innovations were developed, allowing outcomes for patients to be enhanced and the theory to be refined. Ultimately, this has led to the proposal of the SECTORS model, combining three key elements: The generic knowledge and skills in core areas that contribute to and support learning in non-technical skills (Systems and technology use, Error awareness, Communication, Team working), a situated cognition approach to formal and experiential learning that develops these skills (Observation and simulation) and developments in analytical skills that can integrate these and support decision making (Risk assessment and situational awareness). SECTORS can support curricula design, educational innovation and design of assessments. SECTORS will support future scholarly research, allowing the field to move from theory generation to theory testing and refinement. Additionally, synthesis of educational evidence to support the development of this new knowledge has been employed. Building on existing guidance and in response to calls for more theoretical generation in primary educational research, a complete method for health education evidence synthesis has been developed and applied. This method allows clarification of educational questions through generation of conceptual frameworks and new theory within a systematic framework that employs qualitative synthesis techniques such as thematic generation and meta-ethnography, representing a significant contribution to the field.
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Jung, Changmi. "Essays on a Digital Innovation in Healthcare Delivery: The Case of Online Medical Consultations." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/563.
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Kameda, de Figueiredo Carvalho Koichi. "Testing the Nation : Healthcare policy and innovation in diagnostics for infectious diseases in Brazil." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0196.
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Le diagnostic in vitro (DIV) est un segment des biotechnologies de santé pour lequel les principaux acteurs se situent dans les pays développés. Parallèlement, le paysage actuel a contraint les compagnies multinationales à transformer leur modèle économique, tout en obligeant les pays non-occidentaux à devenir de nouveaux marchés et des lieux où de nouveaux savoirs et technologies pourraient être produits. Non seulement le Brésil est un marché important en ce qui concerne les produits de santé, mais il possède aussi une longue histoire en matière de fabrication de produits biologiques et pharmaceutiques. Dans ce contexte que les acteurs brésiliens se sont engagés dans production de DIV pour les maladies infectieuses. Ces initiatives articulent la santé publique et les politiques économiques industrielles, soit l’approche qui a été privilégiée dans le cadre du courant néo-développementaliste (neo-desenvolvimentismo) prôné de 2003 à 2016 dans ce pays. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’éclairer le travail des acteurs qui ont organisé la production et l’innovation de DIV dans un monde en mouvement, et dont le positionnement se situe au croisement de questions relevant de la santé publique, de l’autonomie technologique et de l’économie nationale brésilienne. Cette recherche se fonde sur un travail de terrain conduit entre 2014 et 2017, qui inclut des stages dans deux laboratoires rattachés à la fondation Oswaldo Cruz, ainsi que des entretiens avec de nombreux acteurs impliqués dans la production de ces tests diagnostics nationauxIn vitro diagnostics (IVD) is a segment of the health biotechnology industry for which the major players are situated in developed countries. At the same time, the contemporary landscape has compelled multinational companies to transform their business models and non-Western countries to become both new markets and places where new knowledge and technology can be produced. Not only is Brazil an important market for healthcare products, but it also has a long-standing history of producing pharmaceutical and biological innovations. It is in this context that Brazilian actors have engaged in the manufacturing of IVD for infectious diseases. These initiatives articulate public health and industrial economy policies, a preferred approach of the new developmentalism (neo-desenvolvimentismo) that prevailed in the country from 2003 to 2016. This thesis aims to shed light on how these actors organize IVD production and innovation in such a changing world, and at the crossroads of public health, technological autonomy and the national economy in Brazil. The research draws on fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2017, which involved internships in two biotechnology laboratories linked to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and on interviews with the various actors involved in the initiatives to produce national diagnostic tests
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Marasanapalli, Sai Charan, and Gowthami Ravichandra. "Implementing digital cancer diagnostic innovation in healthcare : A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448417.
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Digital technology has greatly revolutionized the field of health care and medical practices. Digitalization has significantly excelled the operational efficiency and standards of medical care enhancing the overall experience for both medical professionals and patients. Despite its overwhelming advantages, Health care sectors have been lagging in adopting and implementing new digital technology innovations. Deciding and shifting towards digitalization would require adopters to have a flexible and open mindset. However, health care has a great shortage of pathologists, and implementation of digitalization seems to be very limited in this area of healthcare. Most of the pathologists today work with manual cancer diagnosing techniques indicating an acute need for digitalization. This thesis is aimed at identifying the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of a digital prostate cancer diagnostic innovation in health care. A literature review provides a detailed outline of various aspects related to prostate cancer diagnosis. It provides a detailed description of different frameworks and theories in relation to existing barriers and facilitators in implementing innovation in health care. The methodological approaches applied in this study have also been described in the methodology chapter. Based on the data gathered from semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, three main themes were identified, and corresponding to these, possible barriers, and facilitators for implementing the digital cancer diagnostic innovation were developed. Finally, the findings of this study concluded that implementation of digital cancer diagnostic innovation faces several barriers and facilitators. Some of the crucial barriers are financial barriers, time constraints, political conflicts, ethical policies, technology limitations, limited knowledge, skepticism towards new technology. Similarly, facilitators are Identifying key decision-makers, highly effective and cost-efficient technologies, high technical accuracy, openness in trying new technology.
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Elefant, Sharon Rose. "Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Innovation in Israel, Ireland, and Switzerland| A Systematic Literature Review." Thesis, Central Michigan University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640064.
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Objective. To systematically evaluate and compare healthcare innovations in three geographically small nations, Ireland, Israel, and Switzerland, and to explore the factors that contribute to both innovations and diffusions of innovations.
Design. Systematic review of published articles.
Data Survey. CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed Central, Google Scholar and Citation Lists. All articles published 2017 and earlier will be included in the search.
Review Method. Articles describing innovation in healthcare, diffusion in innovation, and/or innovation indicators in Israel, Switzerland, and Ireland were selected for review. Only scholarly journals were accepted.
Results. The data analysis for this systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines that encapsulated the basic eight steps for systematic review process. Academic search engines were used to identify studies relevant to the topic under study. The CASP checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the study, along with determining whether the study met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. Eighty-nine full text sources were included in the final assessment, and 57 of these were excluded from the final review because, while some appeared in scholarly journals, these were either webpages, conference papers, commentaries, interviews, or news related. The 32 remaining full text articles were included in the review.
In addition to the systematic literature review, six Subject Matter Experts were interviewed. Participants’ responses showed clear perspectives on the critical success factors v necessary for healthcare innovation to thrive within a country and an organization. Their responses overlapped in answering each of the research questions. The principal areas of concern included committed leadership, collaborative cultures, cost effectiveness, planning, and futureoriented thinking. These areas were the top critical success factors for healthcare innovation. However, these also represented concerns about and barriers to it. The absence of these factors potentially stalled innovation in a country. This stall occurred if that country lacked openness to new ideas or was extremely risk adverse. These various factors required further study to understand the overall effect on healthcare innovation in different contexts.
Conclusion. Small nations that innovate in healthcare benefit the most from government subsidies of research and development. Additionally, benefits accrue exponentially with strong global partnerships. The development of national and international partnerships occurred when existing internal information was shared at the beginning of the innovation process. Connecting healthcare stakeholders is necessary for improving innovation experts. Developing new methods of measuring innovation will significantly aid in understanding the influence of adaption and diffusion of innovations in healthcare systems. The implications of this study suggest that our understanding of innovation and innovation diffusions have the potential to lead to adaptations. However, we don’t yet fully understand the most efficacious way to measure innovation and its impact on society.
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Spudis, William. "BUILDING NEW INNOVATION CAPABILITIES THROUGH KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/513656.
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Business Administration/Strategic ManagementD.B.A.
The knowledge base of an academic medical center is elaborate and far-reaching as the sources of expertise can be found in multiple networks of learning and management within the organization. Therefore, it is incumbent for professionals within a healthcare ecosystem to utilize external collaboration. This research explored open innovation processes between different academic medical centers with biomedical and genomic research institutions and biopharmaceutical companies with the intention to develop new insights that would maximize the probability of successful collaborative academic-industry knowledge creation. Through exploratory research consisting of a literature review and semi-structured interviews of senior-level managers and top-of-field researchers, it became evident that both individuals and organizations employed critical success strategies for open innovation orchestration by fostering trust, identifying motivating factors, continuously developing collaborative knowledge sharing with top-management support and lowering barriers to collaboration through project-level processes and procedures, but not without experiencing scientist-manager tension in the process. This study provided a relatively rare series of insights into the senior-level collaboration views and issues between those scientists and managers within several major academic-industry strategic alliances.
Temple University--Theses
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Conley, Jared J. "THE HEALTHCARE SCIENCE AND INNOVATION OF TREATING ACUTE MEDICAL CONDITIONS IN THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1397231830.
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Wagrell, Sofia. "Drivers and Hindrances to Med-Tech Innovation : A device's guide to the Swedish healthcare galaxy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320673.
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Today, the expectations on new medical technology solutions are substantial. On the one hand, healthcare policy expects new technologies both to improve the quality of people’s life and to reduce the burgeoning healthcare costs. On the other hand, innovation policy expects new med-tech solutions to stimulate economic growth, with large emphasis on the production of new solutions. However, despite the growing importance of med-tech innovations it is cumbersome to embed these innovative promising products into use in the Swedish healthcare sector. This thesis investigates med-tech innovation by following a microwave-based device in the treatment of the common disease BPH, Benign Prostatic Enlargement. This is an empirically based longitudinal study where the microwave device is used as a probe to capture a med-tech innovation journey. We follow the device through the efforts of technological and scientific development, through complex industrial production structures and foremost inits struggles to achieve widespread use in Swedish public healthcare. This study identifies a number of hindrances and drivers and, importantly, how they are interconnected in the innovation process. By applying the different settings of development, production and use of this device, a central finding is that the very same mechanisms can have contradicting effects in the different settings. Moreover, what functions as a trigger to innovation during development, can become later a hindrance to use. The study also shows that, whereas drivers prevail over hindrances in the development and production of med-tech solutions, hindrances clearly prevail in their use, which involves the provision of healthcare services. Not only has the use setting a generally weak financial support, but its organisational structures and regulations do also have a negative impact on the spread of new solutions in healthcare.
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Skoog, Marcus, and Adam Backman. "Replacing waste streams in the healthcare industry by applied technology : Developing technology for a circular economy." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19719.
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Background Waste has been around since humans started to create products. Today, it is a growing problem in the world; humans keep producing waste at a faster pace than we can handle. The world is becoming more conscious of our actions, and new solutions to manage and utilize the waste are desired. Medical waste lacks a global definition, which results in a lack of standardization for medical waste management. The rapid development of medical science and technology has led to increased use of medical consumables. Single-use gloves are the most commonly used consumable within healthcare. They are not recycled due to fear of contamination, which results in a big load on the environment by not preserving the value of the material. Objectives The objectives with the research have been to understand the waste industry and identify where waste streams have the opportunity to be replaced with circular systems through new technology. From the findings, design and propose a new technology that fits into a circular economy. Method Design Research Methodology and MSPI Innovation process worked as frameworks for the design process for the researchers during the thesis work. Inspiration from company visits, interviews, job shadowing, and literature research initiated the project and was used to clarify the problem. Prototypes, testing, and literature research were used to validate the design progress and followed up by lab experiments and mechanical design of a fully circular system. Results Through tests and experiments, a circular system for single-use protection gloves was designed. The proposed technology would eliminate the need for raw material extraction, manufacturing, and transportation. The system is based on making protection gloves from Polyvinyl Alcohol. Due to the unique properties of the material, it is possible to dissolve the gloves in water, sterilize them and remanufacture them into new gloves. The gloves proved to have similar mechanical properties to the current options on the market. The system includes many elements from the manufacturing process of nitrile rubber and latex gloves, but the introduction of cleaning and sterilization steps will question the main reason consumable protection gloves are used in the first place, to ensure sterility. Conclusion Optimizing, automating, and implementing this system will make the healthcare industry more environmentally friendly. Introducing a system to remanufacture and sterilize single-use gloves is a statement to prove the possibility to replace linear life cycles with circular ones, by questioning the reasons behind unsustainable behavior and solving those problems. Contaminated waste is incinerated today. Some argue that energy recovery classifies as recycling, but this system will focus on preserving the value of the material by reusing it in multiple cycles. Similar work will be necessary to keep up with the increased production of waste. Circular systems may enable humans to fulfill their needs with a significantly decreased environmental load. Before implementing this solution in the healthcare industry, more research must be carried out. However, the innovation of an in-house system and a more direct approach to manufacture – recycle – reuse, has presented to create new value of waste and further technological development to enhance the waste management and recycling industry.Bakgrund Avfall har funnits sedan människor började tillverka produkter. Idag är det ett växande problem i världen, människor fortsätter att producera avfall i en snabbare takt än vad vi kan hantera. Världen blir mer medveten om åtgärderna men nya innovationer för att hantera och utnyttja avfallet behövs. Medicinskt avfall saknar en global definition som resulterar i brist på standardisering för hantering av medicinskt avfall. En snabb utveckling av medicinsk vetenskap och teknik har lett till en ökad användning av medicinska engångsartiklar. Engångshandskar är de vanligaste förbrukningsvarorna inom sjukvården och återvinns inte på grund av rädsla för förorening, vilket resulterar i en stor belastning på miljön eftersom materialets värde inte tas vara på. Syfte Målet med forskningen har varit att förstå avfallsindustrin och identifiera var avfallsströmmar kan ersättas med cirkulära system genom ny teknik. Utifrån resultaten, utforma och föreslå ny teknik som passar in i en cirkulär ekonomi. Metod Designforskningsmetodik (Design Research Methodology) och MSPI:s Innovationsprocess användes som ramar för designprocessen för forskarna under avhandlingsarbetet. Inspiration från företagsbesök, shadowing, intervjuer och litteraturforskning initierade projektet och användes för att klargöra problemet. Prototyper, tester och litteraturforskning användes för att validera designframstegen. Följt av laborationer och mekanisk design av ett komplett cirkulärt system. Resultat Genom tester och experiment designades ett cirkulärt system för skyddshandskar avsedda för engångsbruk. Den föreslagna tekniken skulle eliminera behovet av råmaterialutvinning, tillverkning och transport. Systemet är baserat på tillverkning av skyddshandskar från polyvinylalkohol. På grund av materialets unika egenskaper är det möjligt att lösa upp handskarna i vatten, sterilisera dem och åter tillverka dem till nya handskar. Handskarna visade sig ha jämförbara mekaniska egenskaper som de nuvarande alternativen på marknaden. Systemet innehåller många element från tillverkningsprocessen av nitrilgummi- och latexhandskar, men införandet av rengörings- och steriliseringssteg kommer att ifrågasätta den främsta orsaken till att förbrukningsskyddshandskar används i första hand - för att säkerställa sterilitet. Slutsats Optimering, automatisering och implementering av detta system kommer att göra sjukvårdsindustrin mer oberoende och mer miljövänlig. Att införa ett system för att återvinna och sterilisera skyddshandskar för engångsbruk, bevisar möjligheten att ersätta linjära livscykler med cirkulära, genom att ifrågasätta orsakerna bakom ohållbart beteende och lösa dessa problem. Förorenat avfall förbränns idag, somliga hävdar att energiåtervinning kan klassificeras som återvinning, men energiåtervinning saknar egenskapen att bevara materialets värde. Detta system har materialvärdet i fokus genom att återanvända det i flera cykler. Liknande arbete kommer att krävas för att hålla jämna steg med den ökade avfallsproduktionen. Cirkulära system kan göra det möjligt för människor att uppfylla sina behov med en avsevärt minskad miljöbelastning. Lösningen behöver ytterligare forskning och måste förbättras före implementering. Men innovationen i ett internt system och ett mer direkt tillvägagångssätt för tillverkning - återvinning - återanvändning har presenterats för att skapa nytt värde för avfall och ny teknisk utveckling för att förbättra avfallshanteringen och återvinningsindustri.
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Arroyo, Michelle Leigh. "Impact of a Healthcare Workplace Violence Prevention Module on Staff Knowledge." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7587.
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The healthcare sector experiences violence 4 times as much as any other civilian domain, including law enforcement and corrections facilities. The clinical practice problem addressed in this project was the lack of adequate healthcare workplace violence (HWV) prevention in a not-for-profit community hospital. The purpose of this project increase awareness of HWV prevention through the use of an education module. Rogers’ diffusion of innovation model served as the foundation for analysis of scores from pre- and posteducation tests. The practice-focused question asked if a module on HWV prevention based on current clinical practice guidelines and peer-reviewed literature would improve staff members’ knowledge on workplace violence. A staff education project was designed to address the practice problem. The research design was an anonymous pre- and posttest for score comparison to analyze data by noting changes in proportion of correct answers. Nursing professionals (N = 14) participated in the education module and pre- and posttests. The percent of correct answers to 18 knowledge-related questions increased from 82% on the pretest to 91% on the posttest. The facility elected to expand the project to a more comprehensive program and requested additional modules to broaden understanding of and sustain HWV prevention strategies. These efforts will enact positive social change for healthcare staff by promoting a culture that embraces a safe work environment, increases staff knowledge on HWV prevention, decreases HWV and is supported by organizational systems.
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Marriott, Sheila Christine. "Inclusion and exclusion in the NHS : power, innovation and rejection in nursing." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/3470.
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In this thesis, I investigate my professional practice as an independent health adviser in the UK National Health Service. Inclusion and exclusion, power, innovation and rejection in nursing are themes that have emerged from my work within a milieu where the dominant discourse is systems thinking. I have analysed why systems thinking predominates in UK healthcare services, and examine the benefits and limitations of this approach. Similarly, I have studied complex responsive processes theory and assessed the value and drawbacks of this way of thinking. A key focus of this research has been to consider how innovation occurs in organisations. NHS policymakers include examples of good practice in a number of recent policy documents and encourage staff to emulate these examples to improve their services. This overlooks the unique setting in which staff work, and disregards their collective working styles and roles. Power relationships, local ideological perspectives, histories and pertinent environmental factors all render the adoption of established blueprints inadvisable. Nor do such policy documents consider potential unintended consequences of the innovation: for example, reducing the waiting times to access treatment in one area can have a detrimental effect on other services. Using narrative accounts from my professional practice, I critically evaluate the concepts of power, innovation and systems thinking. I draw attention to a number of particular dissonances that I consider many nurses and health care workers to be experiencing as rejection within their work-based relationships. These challenges include a fear of job loss, the difficulty of managing national targets and local service delivery, a loss of consumer confidence in clinicians, the pressures of increased regulation, and tensions between clinical and managerial staff. These concerns led me to examine the nature of the employer–employee relationship. The psychological contract is a way of describing the relationship between employers and employees in terms of optimistic reciprocal agreements and expectations. These positive assumptions tend to underplay or overlook the unpredictability of organisational life, such as financial constraints that might threaten job security. When disruption arises, employees may feel wary of their managers and distressed that their psychological contract has been violated. I argue that trust is a concept requiring continual renegotiation through the ongoing patterning of relationships that emerge through the conversations between people as employees participate in the organisation’s development. My thesis departs from the traditional view of positing the psychological contract as a central feature of employment. Instead, I propose that the complex responsive processes perspective offers a legitimate and useful way of deepening our understanding of employer–employee relations. I have used a reflexive research method, challenging Alvesson and Skoldberg’s (2000, p.250) reflexive interpretation framework for its individualistic approach. I demonstrate that my method is social and iterative, and extend the framework in order to illustrate the way in which I developed my reflexive approach. This framework presents a way of demonstrating the movement of interpretation based on the researchers’ judgment and intuition that guides the research process (Alvesson and Skoldberg, 2000). My original contribution to practice offers a different way of looking at healthcare organisations from that proposed by many healthcare consultants. I engage with staff to analyse their day-to-day relationships by reflecting on their micro-interactions with colleagues as we try to make sense of what is happening in their departments. I introduce the notion of interdependence, and encourage clients to engage in dialogue and seek to influence what occurs through their relationships with their colleagues. There is no blueprint for success: rather than focusing on supposed ‘organisational systems’, we concentrate on what is actually happening in their ongoing work elationships.
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Cook, Destin. "The Survival of Healthcare in Rural Texas." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5689.
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Over 80 rural hospitals have closed in the United States since 2010, representing about half of all hospital closures during this period, and another 600-700 rural hospitals are at risk of closing shortly. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study, which was based on transformational leadership and diffusion of innovation theories, was to gain a common understanding of financial problems and operational inefficiencies that may be impacting rural hospital leaders in the state of Texas. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 4 senior healthcare leaders from 3 separate regions in Texas. Data analysis included compiling, sorting, fragmenting, and reassembling of the data into 19 common themes. The 4 most common themes included poor payer mix and uninsured population, inconsistency with evidence-based measures, costs of providing care exceeding reimbursement, and the movement of inpatient procedures to outpatient. The study findings may help advance the practice of leadership in both rural and urban healthcare. This study may contribute to positive social change by creating awareness of how rural hospitals are in danger of closures, and how these closures can affect urban hospitals and overall quality of life for rural Americans.
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Grauers, Björn. "Digital innovation through the use of participatory design in the development of Swedish public healthcare support services." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45645.
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The Swedish public sector stands in front of great challenges, threatening the very existence of a Swedish welfare state. An aging population has increased the need for welfare support for the elderly population. At the same time, Sweden is facing a decrease in tax revenue from a shrinking percentage of work-able citizens among its population. Politicians, citizens, and service providers ask for radical innovation, and many see the opportunity to make use of digital technology to make our public services more efficient. However, it is not the lack of technical innovation that hinders public services from becoming more efficient, but rather the lack of knowledge into what is efficient and for whom. Without the understanding of user needs rather than wants it is hard, if not impossible, to know how digital technology is best utilized to increase user value. The findings show that participatory- and service design practices can answer why digital technology is needed and how and when it should be implemented. This project aims to find ways to increase accessibility, efficiency, and trust in digital healthcare support services and give insight into the opportunities for Interaction designers to bring value to healthcare development using participatory design practices.
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Maranganti, Kishore. "Strategies for Healthcare Payer Information Technology Integration After Mergers and Acquisitions." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5097.
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Despite the high rate of failure in merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions, many organizations continue to rely on M&As as their primary growth strategy and to address market competition. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies managers from a large healthcare payer in the midwestern United States used to achieve operational and strategic synergies during the postacquisition information technology (IT) integration phase. Haspeslagh and Jemison's acquisition integration approaches model was the conceptual framework for the study. Methodological triangulation was established by analyzing the data from the semistructured interviews of 6 senior executives and 6 IT strategists, discussion points produced in a focus group involving 4 acquisition integration leaders, and information gleaned from M&A periodicals. Data were analyzed using Saldaña's thematic analysis method and showed that the healthcare payer organization managers used the following 4 strategies to achieve the planned synergies: plan for expected business synergies from the postacquisition IT integration, make cultural harmonization a key element of change management, align and continuously evaluate the progress of postacquisition IT integration strategies against planned synergies, and preserve durability of acquired capabilities by granting autonomy to the acquired organization. The findings of this study could lead to positive social change by stimulating a business environment that might allow healthcare payers to expand their strategic capabilities and serve their local communities with new products and other choices that improve the quality of care, health outcomes, well-being, and longevity of the consumer.
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Nyamu, Janerose. "Telemedicine systems deployment in the Kenyan healthcare system : a study of the role of organisation collaboration." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12853.
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The promise of telemedicine is great as observed in developed countries. However, its adoption in developing countries has been very slow. The Kenyan government approved telemedicine (use of ICT to overcome geographical barriers and increase access to health care services) as a strategic approach of improving healthcare delivery especially in the marginalised areas of the country. However, the adoption of telemedicine is further hindered in developing countries by the fact that the cost of implementing telemedicine technology is deemed high and the resources needed are scarce especially in the public sector. Extant literature on healthcare technological innovation indicates that organisation collaboration can expedite the adoption of telemedicine especially in developing countries. Since it is highlighted that empirical evidence on how organisation collaboration can facilitate telemedicine deployment in developing countries is still lacking, this research aims to develop a model to examine the potential of various organisation factors in facilitating telemedicine deployment in developing countries. This study employed a conceptual research framework to examine organisation factors that may influence organisation collaboration in facilitating telemedicine deployment in developing countries. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 50 private and public hospitals located in Eastern Kenya. 177 valid questionnaires were received and analysed using SPSS software (version 20). The findings of this research revealed that Kenyan hospitals collaborate with other organisations mainly to lessen budget restrained suffered during technological innovation process. Further, it was revealed that organisation affiliation might enhance their ability to adopt telemedicine. Organisation affiliation was observed to significantly influence organisation resources, organisation’s innovation acceptance, organisation’s innovative capacities, organisation agility and collaborative innovation aspects. In addition, all the organisational model factors were supported and explained 46.5% of the variance in collaborative innovation internal outcomes and 53.2% of the variance in collaborative innovation external outcomes. However, personnel innovation acceptance made no significant effect on collaborative innovation outcomes.
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Mounty, Maureen C. "Integrated health : investigating the integration of homeopathy into primary and secondary healthcare in the NHS in England." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2014. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/348558/.
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There is demand for homeopathy in England amongst both doctors and patients. Exploring this demand remains the key to understanding the extent of integration of homeopathy in Primary and Secondary Care Practice and the potential significance of the role of GPs as gatekeepers. This thesis explores how qualified General Practitioners (GPs) and Medical Homeopathic Physicians in England adopt homeopathy as a healthcare innovation, and employ and integrate homeopathy treatments in their everyday work within healthcare practice in England. This study was conducted prior to the large scale changes that were introduced by NHS Mobilisation June 2010, championing the spread of activity to support the cost and quality agenda across the NHS, captured in the Quality, Innovation, Productivity and Prevention (QIPP) goals, during the period covered by this study. The term, “integrative medicine” has become a common term to describe teams of health care providers working together to provide patient care. It is currently used interchangeably with complementary and alternative medicine, and at other times refers to treatments that combine conventional medicine and alternative modalities. The aim of this thesis is to determine how homeopathy is integrated into healthcare, its clinical and practice benefits and how GP/Medical Homeopath Physicians’ views and experiences effect integration. This two phase study, using an adapted General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ), to audit patient satisfaction, explored patient experiences of available homeopathic services in two established Primary Care GP Practices between 2007 and 2008 and further explored in 2009 twenty General Practitioners and Medical Homeopathic Physicians views of the integration of homeopathy, through semi structured telephone interviews. The findings in Phase One confirm that homeopathy has been integrated to a degree within the National Health System (NHS) in England since its inception in 1948. Two Geographical Information Systems Maps utilised in this study identified and illustrated the locality of GP homeopaths in England and explored geographical demographics associated with homeopathy availability and use. A clinical audit of two established homeopathy services report patients satisfaction with the homeopathic services provided in Primary Care settings. Phase Two findings identified that Non-Homeopath GPs were not antagonistic about the use of homeopathy in Primary Care practice. Constraints against full integration of homeopathy were not specifically related to gate keeping but those predominately of the time necessary to fit in homeopathic consultations within regular patient consultation time. This is coupled with findings from the Medical Homeopathic Physicians that indicate it is not the future of homeopathy that is in question but that of the NHS itself.
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Páez, Avilés Cristina. "Innovation on Nanoscience: Processes and Ecosystems of Innovation with a multi-KET approach to foster Technology Transfer and Commercialization of Nanotechnologies in the Field of Healthcare." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401502.
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Transferring nanotechnology into marketable products and services is still considered a major challenge. In Europe, this issue has been identified as a weakness, not only for nanotechnology, but also for the other five Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), strategic for the economic growth of the region. In this regard, the current European Funding Programme Horizon 2020 is making great efforts with their action lines in order to prioritize the industrial implementation of KETs, and in this manner, address major economic and societal needs. This initiative is also fostering the cross-fertilization of KETs, since it has been determined that the sum of individual technologies increases the potential for innovation, optimizes technological development, and allows the creation of new markets. This thesis has been developed on the basis of this scenario. The aim is to analyse innovation and technology transfer challenges for the successful commercialization of nanotechnologies by emphasizing the process of cross-fertilization of KETs. The research is focused on healthcare due to the great impact that nano-scale is having on this field. For this reason, the present work has considered two approaches: from a technological perspective and from a management perspective. The analysis is comprised of a state-of-the-art and theoretical framework review, followed by a multiple case-study approach where several nano-enabled sensor-based devices are analysed at diverse levels of technological maturity. In addition, an empirical study of European nano-related innovation projects was undertaken in order to determine which projects’ characteristics are influencing the creation of technological diversity; a critical element for the long-term success of an emergent technology. Finally, project leaders were interviewed in order to gain insights about the managerial strategies that are boosting the process of cross-fertilization of KETs.
Findings have shown that a multi-disciplinary, collaborative and integrated community of innovators is necessary for the effective transference and commercialization of multi-KET nanotechnologies. Additionally, the degree of multi-disciplinary projects was identified as significantly contributing to the creation of technological diversity. Furthermore, higher levels of cross-fertilization were found in market and customer-oriented projects, with actors strongly
motivated to search for ideas from broad informal networks, and where technological knowledge is moderately heterogeneous. Lastly, it has been found that the cross-fertilization of KETs is boosted by actors with a high involvement of nanotechnologies in their industries. With these outcomes, this thesis has sought to contribute to the analysis of the successful transference and commercialization of multi-KET nanotechnologies in the field of healthcare by understanding the processes and ecosystems of innovation.
The outcomes of this thesis have sought to contribute to the analysis of the successful transference and commercialization of multi-KET in the field of nanotechnologies applied to healthcare by understanding the processes and ecosystems of innovation. Accordingly, it is aimed to contribute to the reduction of the gap between research and the marketplace and to expand the knowledge of current interest regarding innovation ecosystems of emergent technologies, regional systems of innovation and strategic innovation management.La transferència de productes i serveis basats en la nanotecnologia representa un gran repte. A Europa, aquest fet ha estat identificat com a punt dèbil, no només per a les nanotecnologies si no també per a les altres cinc tecnologies facilitadores transversales (KETs per les seves sigles en anglès), considerades estratègiques pel creixement econòmic de la regió. En aquest sentit, l’actual programa marc Europeu Horitzó 2020 està redirigint les seves línies d’acció per a prioritzar la implementació de les KETs i, d’aquesta manera, poder fer front a les necessitats econòmiques i socials més imperatives d’Europa. Aquesta iniciativa també pretén fomentar la fertilització creuada de les KETs, ja que s’ha establert que la suma de tecnologies individuals incrementa el potencial d’innovació, optimitza el desenvolupament de tecnologies i permet la creació de nous mercats. Sobre aquesta base es desenvolupa aquest treball d’investigació, el qual té la finalitat d’analitzar els reptes relacionats amb la innovació i la transferència tecnològica per a assolir amb èxit la comercialització de les nanotecnologies, posant de relleu el procés de fertilització creuada de les KETs en el camp de la salut. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’han considerat dues aproximacions: d’una banda una perspectiva tecnològica i, de l’altra, una perspectiva de gestió de la innovació. Els resultats obtinguts fan aportacions per l’anàlisi i identificació dels reptes que cal afrontar per a una favorable transferència i comercialització de les nanotecnologies multi-KET en el camp de la salut mitjançant la comprensió dels processos i ecosistemes d’innovació i, d’aquesta manera, contribuir a la reducció de la separació entre el laboratori i el mercat. Finalment també es pretén ampliar el coneixement sobre temàtiques d’interès actual respecte els ecosistemes d’innovació de les tecnologies emergents, els sistemes regionals d’innovació i la gestió estratègica de la innovació tecnològica.
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Wassrin, Siri. "Why is it difficult to design innovative IT? : An agential realist study of designing IT for healthcare innovation." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146274.
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It may seem strange to claim that it is difficult to design innovative information technology (IT) in a time when the technological progress leaps forward like never before. However, despite the numerous opportunities that this rapid progress provides, we often design IT that is similar to existing artifacts, making IT design incremental rather than radical. At the same time, IT innovations are pointed out as crucial to meet the societal challenges we are facing, not least in the public sector, including a growing and older population, increasing demands from citizens and reduced tax revenues. This calls for us to better understand why it is difficult to design innovative IT. Previous research on this topic have mainly focused on human and social aspects, not paying close attention to IT. In this thesis, it is suggested that the sociomaterial theory agential realism can help shed light on the role of IT in innovative IT design, acknowledging the sociomateriality of IT. Thus, the overarching aim of this thesis is to apply agential realism on an empirical case in order to explore and explain why it is difficult to design innovative IT. To fulfill the aim, a qualitative case study was conducted in publicly funded healthcare. The empirical case is an example of an attempt to design innovative IT in a healthcare context. The empirical material was generated through participant observations, including video recordings, and semi-structured interviews. The material was analyzed in several rounds, with and without a theoretical lens. In the agential realist analysis, IT has been viewed as entangled with the world. The analysis focused on what boundaries IT produced and how these boundaries were consequential for what was possible and impossible to design. The thesis illustrates how IT is produced and productive in terms of both matter and meaning, and thus, is agential – IT makes differences in the world. What is possible to design is not only constrained by social structures but by the materiality of IT, what boundaries IT helps produce and the material-discursive practices that enact IT. Innovative IT design means to design material configurations that produce boundaries that are different from what have been enacted before and, thus, deviate from existing material-discursive practices. However, it is difficult to deviate from these since material-discursive practices are agential and define what boundaries are meaningful and legitimate. Hence, it is difficult to design innovative IT since innovative IT design has to both enact boundaries that deviate from agential material-discursive practices and also gain legitimacy. Through this explanation, the thesis makes an explanatory knowledge contribution which differs from and adds to earlier explanations. It also makes a contribution to conceptualizing the IT artifact by emphasizing IT as sociomaterial and providing examples of how IT can be understood as produced, productive, agential and entangled. Finally, the thesis also makes an empirical and methodological contribution in the sense that it demonstrates how an agential realist case study can be conducted in the field of Information Systems.Det kan verka märkligt att påstå att det är svårt att designa innovativ informationsteknik (IT) i en tid då den tekniska utvecklingen går snabbare än någonsin förr. Men trots de många möjligheter som den snabba utvecklingen erbjuder så designar vi ofta IT som liknar existerande artefakter, vilket resulterar i inkrementell snarare än radikal IT-design. Samtidigt pekas IT-innovation ut som kritisk för att möta de samhälleliga utmaningar som vi står inför, inte minst i den offentliga sektorn där en växande och åldrande befolkning, ökade krav från medborgare och minskade skatteintäkter ställer stora krav på offentliga organisationer. Av denna anledning behöver vi förbättra vår förståelse för varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. Tidigare forskning inom detta ämne har främst fokuserat på mänskliga och sociala aspekter men inte uppmärksammat IT. I denna avhandling föreslås att den sociomateriella teorin agentiell realism kan bidra till att belysa ITs roll i innovativ IT-design genom att se IT som sociomateriell. Därmed är avhandlingens övergripande syfte att applicera agentiell realism på ett empiriskt fall för att utforska och förklara varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts i offentlig sjukvård. Det empiriska fallet är ett exempel på ett försök att designa innovativ IT i en sjukvårdskontext. Det empiriska materialet genererades genom deltagande observationer, inklusive videofilmning, och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet analyserades i flera omgångar, både med och utan teoretisk lins. I analysen där agentiell realism applicerades sågs IT som entangled (’intrasslad’) med världen. Denna analys fokuserade på vilka gränser som IT producerade och hur dessa gränser hade konsekvenser för vad som var möjligt respektive omöjligt att designa. Denna avhandling illustrerar hur IT är producerad och producerande både vad gäller materia och betydelser, och därmed är agentiell – IT gör skillnad i världen. Vad som är möjligt att designa är inte enbart begränsat av sociala strukturer utan också av ITs materialitet, vilka gränser som IT bidrar till att producera och de materiell-diskursiva praktiker som framställer IT. Innovativ ITdesign innebär att designa materiella konfigurationer som skapar gränser vilka skiljer sig från vad som blivit till innan och därmed avviker från rådande materiell-diskursiva praktiker. Det är dock svårt att avvika från dessa eftersom materiell-diskursiva praktiker är agentiella och definierar vilka gränser som är meningsfulla och legitima. Det är därmed svårt att designa innovativ IT då innovativ IT-design behöver både producera gränser som avviker från agentiella materiell-diskursiva praktiker och också uppnå legitimitet. Med denna förklaring ger avhandlingen ett kunskapsbidrag och bidrar till ny förståelse för varför det är svårt att designa innovativ IT. Avhandlingen bidrar också till att konceptualisera IT-artefakten genom att betona ITs sociomaterialitet och att ge exempel på hur IT kan förstås som producerad, producerande, agentiell och entangled. Slutligen ger avhandlingen också ett empiriskt och metodologiskt bidrag genom att demonstrera hur en agentiell realistisk fallstudie kan utföras inom informatikfältet.
The series name in the thesis Faculty of Arts and Sciences thesis is incorrect. The correct series name is FiF-avhandling.
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Khan, Nazeera. "Leveraging communication information communication technology systems (ICTs) as a driver of innovation within the South African healthcare sector." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52420.
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South Africa is regarded as a developing country yet the gap in the Gini Coefficient presents realities of inequitable access to services including healthcare. ?South Africa has a dichotomous demography of first and second economies? existing in this country and this has impacted the adoption of technologies in healthcare (Chikotie & Owei, 2008). The research study conducted aims to provide insight on the relationship between Information Communication Technology (ICT) and innovation on healthcare performance in South Africa.
The researcher attempts to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by : (1) Investigating whether communication within ICTs promotes innovation and whether this innovation in turn is significant to improving healthcare in South Africa; (2) developing a tenable multi-dimensional framework that can be utilised by healthcare providers to implement and align with the organisation s strategy; and (3) providing specific recommendations for future researchers to improve management focus.
The study aims to make a significant contribution by providing healthcare organisations with a framework that is a useful resource to their management, to address the gaps in healthcare innovation and ultimately assist in achieving the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 vision of providing sustainable quality healthcare to all South African citizens at an affordable rate.
The researcher adopted a mixed methodology to triangulate and interpret the subject matter more accurately. 35 Hospital Managers were surveyed and 15 Senior Executive Managers were interviewed from a large private South African Hospital Group to provide insight into the adoption of ICTs in healthcare organisations.
The researcher finds that communication within ICTs drives innovation and in turn is significant to improving healthcare in South Africa. If well executed, communication shall drive innovation which shall allow healthcare organisations the ability to maximise opportunities by improving their value propositions with an enhanced quality of care while rationalising cost. The performance of healthcare organisations is dependent on leadership competencies and a culture of innovation that has the ability to overcome the barriers of adoption and the ability to deal with change. The ICT Innovation Maturity Matrix (IMM) developed by the researcher proposes a degree of integration between ICT utilisation, innovation maturity and an organisation s performance.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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