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ADA, Güleser, and Cennet CANİŞ. "The Relationship Between Pregnant Women's Obsession with Healthy Eating and Perceived Stress." Genius Journal 5, no. 2 (2025): 371–82. https://doi.org/10.56359/gj.v5i2.439.
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Introduction: Pregnancy brings physical, psychological, and social changes, emphasizing health and nutrition. While healthy eating is vital, excessive concern can lead to unhealthy obsessions. Elevated stress during pregnancy may influence eating behaviors, making it crucial to explore their relationship. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obsession with healthy eating and perceived stress in pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 325 pregnant women attending Bartın Maternity and Children's Hospital between September 2023 and February 2024. Data were collected using the Pregnant Descriptive Information Form, Obsessions with Healthy Eating Scale (ORTO-11), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The participants' mean age was 27.40±4.46 years, with a mean gestational age of 23.70±6.22 weeks and an average weight gain of 6.55±2.60 kg. Of the participants, 60.6% had a BMI of 25 and above. The mean ORTO-11 score was 24.69±2.58, and the mean PSS score was 34.08±3.05. There was no significant correlation between ORTO-11 and PSS scores. However, significant differences in perceived stress and ORTO-11 scores were observed concerning night eating, continuous diet programs, and eating habits outside the home. Conclusion: This study did not find a statistically significant relationship between pregnant women's obsession with healthy eating and their perceived stress levels. However, the findings suggest that maternal eating behaviors and stress may be influenced by factors such as social support and individual coping mechanisms.
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Jędrasek, Aleksandra, Klaudia Wojtyła, Marta Barg, and Aleksandra Łęska. "Orthorexia Nervosa - unhealthy obsession on healthy lifestyle." Quality in Sport 27 (October 22, 2024): 55024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/qs.2024.27.55024.
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Introduction: Eating disorders have expanded rapidly in recent years, with social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok playing a significant role. These platforms often showcase idealized images of healthy eating and body image, exposing young people to an overwhelming amount of information. This overstimulation can contribute to the development of various eating disorders. In our study, we focus particularly on orthorexia nervosa. Review methods: Our study was conducted as a literature review, with data gathered from PubMed and Embase. The state of knowledge: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), introduced by Steven Bratman in 1997, could be defined as an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. This obsession leads to strict dietary restrictions, where individuals often exclude certain food types, such as preservatives and GMOs, and experience significant stress and anxiety over food choices, planning, and preparation methods. The fixation on food purity can result in social isolation, anxiety, and major disruptions to daily life. In comparison to other eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ON is characterized by its focus on food quality rather than body image or weight. Conclusions: The classification of orthorexia as a mental disorder and the need for its recognition in DSM-5 are still debated. However, growing concern about its impact on mental and physical health has led to increased research and awareness.
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Korinth, Anne, Sonja Schiess, and Joachim Westenhoefer. "Eating behaviour and eating disorders in students of nutrition sciences." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 1 (2009): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005709.
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AbstractObjectiveSometimes the suspicion is put forward that nutrition students show more disordered eating patterns, which may be among the motivating factors to study nutrition. At the same time, it is not clear whether the students’ increasing knowledge about diet and nutrition is associated with a more healthy eating behaviour or with an unhealthy obsession with food choices.DesignCross-sectional comparison of nutrition students from German universities during the first year of their studies (n 123) and during higher semesters (n 96), with a control group from other study programmes (n 68 and n 46, respectively). Dietary restraint, disinhibition, the tendency towards orthorexia nervosa and healthy food choices were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsNutrition students showed higher levels of dietary restraint than the control group. Disinhibition and orthorexia nervosa did not differ between nutrition students and controls. Orthorexic tendencies were lower in the more advanced nutrition students. Healthy food choices did not differ among students in the first year. More advanced nutrition students showed healthier food choices, whereas the corresponding controls showed slightly more unhealthy food choices.ConclusionsNutrition students, more than other students, tend to restrict their food intake in order to control their weight, but they do not have more disturbed or disordered eating patterns than other students. Moreover, during the course of their studies, they adopt slightly more healthy food choices and decrease their tendency to be obsessive in their eating behaviour.
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Duradoni, Mirko, Mustafa Can Gursesli, Maria Fiorenza, and Andrea Guazzini. "The Relationship between Orthorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 13, no. 5 (2023): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13050065.
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an intense avoidance of foods considered unhealthy, obsession with healthy eating behaviors, and pathological fixation on healthy foods. Although there are still debates in the literature about the psychological factors and symptoms of ON, it should be noted that many of the symptoms share common features with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ON and OCD with its subtypes. In this framework, the cross-sectional study was conducted with an opportunistic sample of 587 participants (86% women and 14% men), with an average age of 29.32 (s.d. = 11.29; age range = 15–74). Our work showed that almost all OCD subtypes were largely correlated with ON. The lowest correlation was for “Checking” and the highest for “Obsession”. Overall, the OCD subtypes (i.e., Indecisiveness, Just Right, Obsession, and Hoarding) were more strongly associated with ON measures, while subtypes Checking and Contamination, although positively associated, had lower correlation coefficients.
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Hayes, Olivia, Monica S. Wu, Alessandro S. De Nadai, and Eric A. Storch. "Orthorexia Nervosa: An Examination of the Prevalence, Correlates, and Associated Impairment in a University Sample." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, no. 2 (2017): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.2.124.
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Orthorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsession with eating “pure” or “healthy” foods. Despite emergent interest, few studies have been published about orthorexia to date. This study examined the phenomenology, correlates, and associated impairment of orthorexia in 404 undergraduate students. A battery of self-report questionnaires assessed orthorexia symptoms, related functional impairment, disordered eating, perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, appearance anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In total, 35.4% of participants endorsed elevated orthorexia symptoms, with primary concerns related to guilt associated with dietary transgressions and experiencing control when eating in a desired manner. Orthorexia symptoms demonstrated small to medium correlations with associated impairment variables, perfectionism, disordered eating, appearance anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Mean differences were observed across all variables (except depressive symptoms) between individuals elevated and not elevated on orthorexia symptoms. Collectively, this study suggests a relatively high frequency of orthorexia symptoms using current methods (which have significant limitations) and demonstrate fairly modest associations with psychological symptomology.
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Bevione, Francesco, Matteo Martini, Federica Toppino, et al. "Cognitive Impulsivity in Anorexia Nervosa in Correlation with Eating and Obsessive Symptoms: A Comparison with Healthy Controls." Nutrients 16, no. 8 (2024): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16081156.
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Impulsivity in eating disorders (ED) has been historically focused on bingeing–purging symptoms, evidencing lower levels in restricting subtypes. In the recent literature, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been described as characterized by high cognitive impulsivity. This specific impulsivity factor has been rarely studied in anorexia nervosa (AN). In this study, 53 inpatients with anorexia nervosa and 59 healthy controls completed the following questionnaires: the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (OCI), the Eating Disorders Inventory—2 (EDI–2), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). AN individuals showed significantly increased levels of cognitive instability but no difference in global score and other subscales of impulsivity compared to the healthy controls. Among AN individuals, cognitive instability emerged as being associated with the global score and obsession subscale of the OCI. It was also significantly associated with interoceptive awareness and impulse regulation. Cognitive instability was the main predictor of obsessive thoughts and behaviors in AN. Our study supports the hypothesis of AN as being characterized by high cognitive instability and adds the result that the cognitive domain of impulsivity may be associated with the presence of obsessive symptoms, specifically obsessive thoughts.
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Horovitz, Omer, and Marios Argyrides. "Orthorexia and Orthorexia Nervosa: A Comprehensive Examination of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment." Nutrients 15, no. 17 (2023): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15173851.
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Orthorexia nervosa is an emerging and controversial eating disorder characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with healthy eating and an extreme fixation on food purity. Despite growing public interest in orthorexia, its classification as a distinct eating disorder remains a subject of ongoing debate in the mental health community. This paper comprehensively reviews the current literature on orthorexia nervosa, exploring the prevalence rates, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options. The paper offers an overview of orthorexia and its historical context and explores the challenges and considerations in diagnosing orthorexia and orthorexia nervosa. Specifically, the distinction between “orthorexia” and “orthorexia nervosa” is a debated issue in eating disorder research due to a lack of clear diagnostic criteria, making it challenging to accurately differentiate between an obsession with healthy eating and a more severe form with potential distress and impairment. Given the absence of formal diagnostic criteria, developing valid and reliable assessment tools is crucial to accurately identify and treat individuals experiencing these disorders. The paper’s final section covers the existing treatment approaches for orthorexia nervosa. Overall, the paper highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of orthorexia nervosa. This review contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding orthorexia and provides valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders in the mental health and eating disorders fields.
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Strahler, Jana. "The Dark Side of Healthy Eating: Links between Orthorexic Eating and Mental Health." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (2020): 3662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123662.
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Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) describes a behavior where eating overly healthy develops into an obsession leading to significant impairment and stress. Initial studies support a bi-dimensional structure of orthorexic eating with one dimension healthy orthorexia (HeOr, interest in healthy eating), which can be distinguished from the dimension OrNe. The present study pursued the goals to examine the negative consequences of OrNe on mental health, whether HeOr buffers these effects, and the role of gender. Data from two cross-sectional online surveys were combined (study 1 n = 385, 310 women; study 2 n = 398, 265 women; mean age: 28.9 ± 12.0 year) both generating data on psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in relation to OrNe and HeOr (Teruel Orthorexia Scale). By means of correlation and moderation analyses, OrNe was shown to be associated with poorer mental health, especially in the female sample. In terms of HeOr, clear gender differences appeared. There were no meaningful correlations in women. In men, however, HeOr correlated with better mental health. Further, the link between OrNe and poorer mental health was mitigated when there were high HeOr levels. Present findings support the hypotheses that OrNe is associated with pathological consequences and that HeOr may act as a buffer for these consequences. Gender differences in the clinical manifestation of orthorexic eating confirm previous knowledge and have important implications for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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Łucka, Izabela, Artur Mazur, Anna Łucka, Izabela Sarzyńska, Julia Trojniak, and Marta Kopańska. "Orthorexia as an Eating Disorder Spectrum—A Review of the Literature." Nutrients 16, no. 19 (2024): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16193304.
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Background: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze research studies focused on orthorexia nervosa (ON) as a spectrum of eating disorders, and to summarize potential risk factors in different age and social groups. ON is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating, which leads to a restrictive diet and health problems. Methods: Due to a lack of comprehensive analyses, this review re-examined studies from 2006 to 2023, initially retrieving 53,134 articles. Upon refining the criteria and risk factors for eating disorders, 34 notable records were identified. These studies employed diagnostic tools such as ORTO and BOT, focusing on risk factors for ON. Results: Results indicate that individuals suffering from eating disorders, losing weight, exercising heavily, developing relationship problems, and suffering from body dysmorphic disorder are at high risk of developing ON. A significant correlation was found between ON, BMI, and gender, but not between ON and OCD. Interestingly, ON symptoms appear to overlap with those of other eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia, especially in terms of obsessive control over dieting and fear of gaining weight, indicating a close relationship between the two. Conclusions: Interestingly, orthorexia nervosa may serve as a coping mechanism for anorexia, providing a sense of control. However, further research on its long-term effects is required.
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Strahler, Jana, and Rudolf Stark. "Perspective: Classifying Orthorexia Nervosa as a New Mental Illness—Much Discussion, Little Evidence." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 4 (2020): 784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa012.
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ABSTRACT Significant prevalence rates of pathological healthful eating and its extreme form, orthorexia nervosa (ON), the pathological obsession with healthy eating, have led to increased efforts to understand this phenomenon's clinical relevance. This narrative review qualitatively summarizes existing evidence on the (psycho-)pathology and consequences of ON and offers an interpretation within the frame of existing theories and models of psychiatric disease. Adding to the controversy in the field of ON, this review offers important critiques and identifies gaps in our current understanding of ON as a (distinct) mental illness.
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Cobzeanu, Alexandra, Ioana-Cătălina Roman, and Iulia Cristina Roca. "When Eating Healthy Becomes Unhealthy: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Indirect Effect of Perfectionism on Orthorexia Nervosa Through Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms." Psychiatry International 6, no. 1 (2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint6010016.
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a pathological obsession with eating only healthy and biologically pure food. The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationships between ON, perfectionism, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in two cultural contexts, i.e., Romania and Germany. Our sample included 600 participants aged 18 to 73 (M = 29.04, SD = 10.30, 79.2% females), i.e., 310 from Romania and 290 from Germany. We tested a moderated mediation model, exploring the mediating effect of obsessive–compulsive symptoms on the link between socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism and ON symptoms and the moderating effect of culture (i.e., Western and non-Western) while controlling for age, sex, education, and monthly income. Socially prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism were positively related to obsessive–compulsive and ON. Both socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism predicted ON through obsessive–compulsive symptoms, but only in the case of German participants. The present study’s results suggest a better understanding of orthorexic behaviors in a cross-cultural context, which might significantly contribute to developing tailored strategies for preventive educational programs and nutritional interventions across different nations.
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Berta, L. Walker. "How African American prepare their food (culture) contributes to the obesity in their communities." European Journal of Teacher Education 2017, no. 10 (2017): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000887.
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Culture affects obesity in that stigma, attitudes, values, and beliefs about being overweight or obese are strongly influenced by cultural principles (Cummins & Macintyre, 2002). There are a variety of aspects to consider when discussing things that could affect obesity including unhealthy lifestyle patterns, racism, discrimination, and the avoidance of exercise or other weight loss techniques and covert communication within the African American community concerning exercise and eating patterns. Research indicates there is a definite link between culture and healthy or unhealthy lifestyle patterns (Wrigley, 2008). The choices that families make regarding food are closely related to cultural eating habits, food accessibility, and food preparation (Zenk et al., 2005). Among African Americans, cultural factors may influence both the acceptance of excessive weight and food preferences (Cummins & Macintyre, 2006). Some scholars have identified the obsession with weight as a primarily Western experience and as such obesity and healthy eating may not be seen as a priority for African Americans (Raja, Ma & Yadav, 2002).
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KORKMAZ YAYIN, Burcu, and Ceren CEYLAN ERGUN. "Mediator Roles of Perfectionism and Self-Critical Rumination in the Relationship Between Perceived Maternal Rejection and Orthorexia: A Model Testing in a Female Sample." Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 15, Ek 1 (2023): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1191242.
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) refers to a pathological obsession with healthy eating characterized by a restrictive diet, ritualized eating patterns, and strict avoidance of foods believed to be unhealthy or unclean. On the other hand, healthy orthorexia (HO) is defined as an interest in healthy eating and a tendency to eat healthy foods. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the ON, HO, maternal rejection, perfectionism, self-critical rumination, and body attitude in the women sample. 445 female students from diverse universities in Turkey was attended to our study. Participants completed questionnaires regarding ON and HO, body attitude, maternal rejection, perfectionism, and self-critical rumination. The results showed that negative body attitudes could not predict both HO (B=-.008, SE=.039, p=.791) and ON (B=.008, SE=.032, p=.835). However, perfectionism and self-critical rumination had mediator roles in the relationship between ON and HO with maternal rejection, despite this relationship was positive for ON (B = .014, Boot SE = .007, 95% Boot CI [.003, .029]), but negative for HO (B = -.023, Boot SE = .010, 95% Boot CI [-.042, -.008]). Not a negative body attitude, but maternal rejection, perfectionism, and self-critical rumination played roles in developing orthorexic tendencies.
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Bóna, Enikő, Ferenc Túry, and Attila Forgács. "Evolutionary aspects of a new eating disorder: Orthorexia nervosa in the 21st century." Psychological Thought 12, no. 2 (2019): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v12i2.356.
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In this theoretical study, certain characteristics of orthorexia nervosa (ON) are assessed. As a type of disordered eating, ON is characterized as pathological healthy eating obsession. By reviewing previous literature, four orthorexic traits are investigated whether they meet the conditions of becoming adaptive drivers of human behavior. First, learned neophobia to avoid “improper” foods is considered as an advantageous strategy, secondly, ON being a cohesive force based on common beliefs and its religious, virtuous characteristics is adaptive as well. The third orthorexic trait in the form of physiological consequences (refeeding syndrome, malnutrition) suggests that ON is rather a nonadaptive health behavior, along with the fourth characteristic, namely, the psychological disturbances that health anxiety may induce. To conclude, ON can be viewed as an inherently useful tool to protect one’s health by diet, but also as a phenomenon which has extreme forms causing health problems. The exact etiologies are unexplored, therefore, the psychological, social and cultural drivers of extreme healthy eating are important to understand for future improvements. In order to establish the criteria and therapeutic guidelines, it would be beneficial to collect narrative data and experiences from individuals with orthorexic tendencies.
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Karaağaç, Rabia Melda, and Indrani Kalkan. "Factors Affecting Eating Motivation Play a Role in Orthorexia Nervosa in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study." Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030301.
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON), an eating disorder marked by an obsession with healthy eating, is influenced by social and psychological factors, particularly among university students during a formative period. This study investigated the effects of eating motivations, defined by factors such as health, pleasure, social influences, and environmental concerns, on orthorexic tendencies. Using the Turkish-validated versions of ORTO-11 and The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS—Brief version), data were collected from 416 students who meet the study participation criteria (mean age: 22.3 ± 4.41 years, 84.4% female, and mean BMI: 22.74 ± 4.54 kg/m2). The results showed that ORTO-11 scores increased significantly with BMI, indicating lower orthorexic tendencies. TEMS sub-dimensions revealed that the health sub-dimension decreased orthorexic tendencies (p = 0.044), whereas the traditional eating sub-dimension significantly increased them (p = 0.000). These findings suggest a complex interaction where prioritizing health may conflict with cultural eating norms. Interventions should address this balance by promoting a holistic approach to nutrition, integrating stress management techniques, and raising awareness of ON through targeted workshops and educational programs for students and health professionals. A long-term evaluation of these programs is essential to ensure their effectiveness in fostering healthier relationships with food and mitigating ON risk among young adults.
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Duran, Songül. "The risk of orthorexia nervosa (healthy eating obsession) symptoms for health high school students' and affecting factors." Pamukkale Medical Journal 9, no. 3 (2016): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/ptd.2016.03880.
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Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Konstantinos Gkiouras, Georgia Polychronidou, et al. "Obsessed with Healthy Eating: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (2021): 3823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113823.
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an unspecified feeding or eating disorder (USFED) characterized by an exaggerated, unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. Τypical eating disorders (EDs) and USFEDs are common among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which complicates metabolic control and disease outcomes. The present systematic review summarizes the evidence on the prevalence of ON symptomatology among patients with DM. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature were searched, and relevant observational studies were screened using the Rayyan software. The quality of the studies was assessed using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Out of 4642 studies, 6 fulfilled the predefined criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies relied on the ORTO-15 or its adaptations to identify ON among patients with DM. No apparent sex or age differences exist regarding the prevalence of ON symptoms. None of the studies compared the prevalence of ON in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Most of the research was of average to good methodological quality. In conclusion, patients with DM often exhibit ON tendencies, although research is still limited regarding the etiology or mechanistic drivers behind ON and the characteristics of patients with a dual ON–DM diagnosis.
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Greville-Harris, Maddy, Janet Smithson, and Anke Karl. "What are people’s experiences of orthorexia nervosa? A qualitative study of online blogs." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 25, no. 6 (2019): 1693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00809-2.
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Abstract Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed new eating disorder, used to describe a pathological obsession with healthy or ‘clean’ eating. Although some quantitative research has been carried out in ON, very little qualitative work has been published to date to explore individual experiences of ON. Thus, this study aimed to explore individuals’ personal experiences of ON, as described in online blogs. Methods Fifteen women bloggers, who self-identified as having ON, consented for their blog entries to be analysed in this study. Forty pre-existing blog entries describing the first-person experiences of ON were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three key themes were discussed: (1) initial motivations for a healthier lifestyle, (2) fuelling the problem—social influences, and: (3) when healthy becomes unhealthy. Bloggers described the role of social messages, comparison with others around ideas of ‘healthiness’, as well as confusion around diagnosis as factors influencing their disordered eating. They also described the exacerbating impact of perfectionism and perceived control, as well as a confirmatory cycle of fear and avoidance. For some bloggers, increased physical symptoms in response to feared foods provided confirmation for these fears, further exacerbating food avoidance. Conclusion Whilst the debate around the diagnosis of ON continues, these bloggers’ accounts suggest that ON is experienced as a legitimate, debilitating disorder, worthy of clinical and research investigation. This study provides evidence of some of the potential triggers and maintaining factors for this disordered eating style. Level of evidence Level V, qualitative descriptive study.
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Kocabas, Sule, and Nevin Sanlier. "Exploring the intricacies of food disgust: Unveiling links between gender, healthy eating obsession, and disgust propensity." Food Quality and Preference 113 (April 2024): 105043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.105043.
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Mellouli, A., S. Ellouze, N. Boussaid, et al. "Orthorexia and perfectionism in medical students in Tunisia." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1170.
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IntroductionOrthorexia is defined as a dependence on healthy food or an obsession to consume healthy food. One area deemed influential upon disordered eating and dietary intake is perfectionism.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between orthorexia and perfectionism in medical students.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study in the faculty of medicine of Sfax (Tunisia), between February and April 2023. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to students via social media. We used ORTO-15 for the assessment of orthorexia, and the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) to assess perfectionism.ResultsThe research has enrolled 220 students. Their mean age was 21.40±1.68 years, with female predominance (70%). The ORTO-15 mean total score was 36.88±6.76. A total of 60% of participants had an orthorexic behavior. The BTPS mean total score was 45.52±12.45 with a mean score of 13.25±4.35 for rigid perfectionism, 18.31±6.37 for self-critical perfectionism, and 13.99±5.47 for narcissistic perfectionism.Students with orthorexic behavior had significantly higher scores of perfectionism (p= 0.048).ConclusionsOur study has drawn a significant association between orthorexia and perfectionism among medical students. This result suggests that students experiencing highly critical and judgemental beliefs associated with perfectionism are more susceptible to orthorexic eating behaviors.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Singh, Mohita, Jyoti Sethi, Vishal Goel, and Navneet K. Kaushik. "Impact of gender, body mass index and educational background on orthorexic tendency in undergraduate students of North India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 12, no. 12 (2024): 4605–10. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20243714.
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Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a recently identified eating behaviour disorder characterized by “obsession for healthy eating”. Such behaviour may negatively impact one’s physical and psychosocial health. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of gender, body mass index (BMI) and educational background on orthorexic tendency of undergraduate students in North India. Methods: This analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out at Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College (KCGMC), Karnal, Haryana, India on young, healthy students enrolled in different undergraduate courses (medicine, science and arts) at colleges in Karnal district. Risk of orthorexia was assessed using ORTO-15 questionnaire. Subjects who scored below 40 were classified as having ON. Logistic regression analysis was done to examine the relationship between ON and socio-demographic variables. Results: Study sample comprising of 448 students, of which 273 (61%) were females and 175 (39%) males, had an average age of 19.25 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI had a significant impact on orthorexic tendency (p=0.024). Students within the normal BMI range were twice (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.24-3.24) more likely to have ON than their underweight counterparts. However, no significant relationship was found between gender and ON. With respect to educational background, medical students differed significantly (p=0.001) in their ORTO-15 scores to science students. Arts and science students scores were comparable. Conclusions: This study suggests that socio-demographic variables might influence orthorexic tendency in student populations. Rising prevalence of this eating disorder necessitates more research to gain a better understanding of its magnitude and etiology.
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Yu, Zhiping, Brittany Moran, and Katrina Agger. "Weight Loss Diet is Linked to Orthorexia Nervosa in University Students." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_152.
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Abstract Objectives Orthorexia nervosa (ON), a term describing the obsession with healthy eating, has been coined since 1997 but no study has been reported in people following weight loss diets. This study aimed to assess the association between ON and weight loss diet in a university student population. Methods Students 18 years or older in all majors and at all education levels in a southeastern university were invited to take an online survey. Survey questions include Bratman Orthorexia Test (BOT), Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and participant characteristics. Results 411 students (ages 18–65, BMI 15.1–55.5, female 75.2%, white 75.6%, graduate students 16.1%) have completed the survey. Among them, 117 have followed weight loss diet(s) for more than 3 months. Comparing to non-diet followers, diet followers were older (26.2 vs. 23.9), had higher BMI (26.5 vs. 24.9), reported higher BOT scores (5.9 vs. 3.9) and had a higher percentage being a health fanatic or orthorexic (BOT > 5: 76.1% vs. 38.8%). Diet followers also reported higher EAT scores (16.9 vs. 9.0) and had a higher percentage of students at high eating disorder risk (EAT ≥ 20: 32.5% vs. 12.6%). Conclusions Following weight loss diets is associated with high ON tendencies among university students. This association needs to be tested in other populations. Prevention and treatment strategies for ON and eating disorders should take following weight loss diets into consideration. Funding Sources None.
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Grajek, Mateusz, and Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski. "Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 7 (2022): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.07.048.
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Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is one of the disorders with a psychological basis. The word ‘orthorexia’ comes from Greek, where ‘orthos’ means proper ‘orexia’ appetite. The disorder is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating, and as the disease worsens, significant food exclusions occur. In extreme cases of ON, the affected person forgoes eating any food, explaining it as a health concern. The degree of prevalence of ON in society is still highly questionable. Numerous studies indicate the prevalence of this problem, but there is no consistent data on the degree of severity of ON. The degree of severity of ON in the general population ranges from 6% to as high as 90%, such significant variation may be due to cultural reasons or a defect in the measurement tool. To date, a useful tool for diagnosing ON has not been developed, little that ON is still not treated as a separate disease or disorder. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present diagnostic possibilities in the form of psychometric tools that can be used in conducting scientific research and in psychological and dietetic practice.
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D. Mathreja, Diksha, and Dr Arefa J. Mansuri. "Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa and its Relation With Body Shape Among Young Adults." Indian Journal of Health Studies 06, no. 01 (2024): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56490/ijhs.2024.6106.
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Consuming nutritious food is of utmost importance for one’s health and well-being. But when an individual becomes obsessed with eating only healthy food and focusing more on the nutritional content of the food, this obsession is termed as Orthorexia Nervosa. This obsession is characterized by restricting oneself from eating unhealthy foods and making the required dietary changes. The available literature reveals that this is still an unexplored avenue, especially in the Indian context. Thus, the present research focuses on determining the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among young adults along with its relation with body shape perception. Body shape perception is measured in the terms of how satisfied or dissatisfied people are with their body shape and appearance. The aim of the present research is to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa and body shape concerns among young adults. Secondly, it also focuses on studying the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and body shape. A sample size of 200 participants comprising of 100 males and 100 females were undertaken for the research. The sample constituted of Undergraduate college students only. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from the sample. Responses on two self-report measures, namely: ORTO-15 and BSQ-16(a) were taken from the sample. The Analysis and Interpretation of the data was done through Descriptive Statistics and Pearson’s Correlation. The results indicate that out of 200 participants, 115 participants (57.5%) exhibit orthorexic tendencies, and 103 participants (51.5%) have marked concerns with their body shape. Orthorexia and body dissatisfaction are observed more in females. A Negative Significant Correlation (r= -0.329, p<0.01) is drawn between Orthorexia and Body Shape for the cohort. The current research tries to fill the gap around the sparse knowledge regarding Orthorexia Nervosa and Body Shape concerns especially in the Indian context and encourages further study.
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Toptaş Bıyıklı, Ezgi, and Ali Emrah Bıyıklı. "EVALUATION OF ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA TENDENCY AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Genel Tıp Dergisi 34, no. 6 (2024): 867–74. https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1557960.
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Background/Aim: Developments in internet and smartphone technology have increased the use of social media in society. Content regarding healthy nutrition attracts great attention on social media. This situation can lead to various eating disorders, especially in university students who are in an important period of their lives and can be more easily affected by environmental stimuli. Intense exposure to such content on social media can be a trigger for Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), an obsession with healthy eating. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ON tendency in university students, to examine the effects of various factors on ON tendency, and to examine the relationship between social media addiction and ON tendency. Methods: This research, planned as a cross-sectional and descriptive study, was conducted on undergraduate students studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University. The sample of the research consisted of 1153 students reached by simple random sampling method. Data was collected between September and December 2022 by applying online data collection tools through a structured survey created in Google Forms. Data were collected using a personal information form, Orthorexia-11 scale (ORTO-11) and Bergen social media addiction scale (BSMAS). Results: The average age of the students participating in the research was found to be 20.4±2.0 years. ON tendency was detected as 24%. A significant difference was found between the students' ORTO-11 scores and gender and BMI (p
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KUMALA, TSANIA FITRI, YAYUK HARTRIYANTI, and AVIRIA ERMAMILIA. "THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE INTENSITY OF INSTAGRAM USAGE AND ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA IN UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA STUDENTS." Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 22, no. 1 (2024): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2024-2201-11.
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Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an eating disorder characterized by an obsession with eating healthy foods, which has physical, psychological, and social impacts. The use of social media platform such as Instagram is suspected to be one of the risk factors of ON, as health information on Instagram can reach thousands of people despite the fact that its source is frequently unreliable. Objective: To determine the correlation between the intensity of Instagram usage and ON among Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) students, as well as the correlation between confounding variables (gender, monthly income, age, faculty cluster, and nutritional knowledge) and ON. Methods: The research design used is an observational study with cross-sectional design that involved 529 students. Samples were taken by stratified random sampling, and data was collected online. Chi square test with ꭤ = 0.05 was used in this study. Results: The results showed that as many as 55% of students were diagnosed with ON and most of the students had moderate intensity of using Instagram. There is a correlation between the intensity of using social media Instagram and ON in UGM students (p value = 0.037<0.05) and there is no correlation of confounding variables (gender, monthly income, age, faculty cluster, and nutritional knowledge) with ON. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the intensity of Instagram use and ON in UGM students, and no confounding variables were found in this study. Keywords: Orthorexia Nervosa, Instagram, Social Media, Eating Disorders
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Çulhacık, Gümrah Duygu, and Gülgün Durat. "Correlation of orthorexic tendencies with eating attitude and obsessive compulsive symptomsOrtorektik eğilimlerin yeme tutumu ve obsesif kompulsif belirtilerle ilişkisi." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (2017): 3571. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4729.
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Aim: The object of the study is to determine the relationship of orthorexic tendencies with the eating attitude and obsessive symptoms.Method: This descriptive type study was conducted on 289 people aged 18-65, who applied to 6 family health centres in Sakarya Province between January 2016 and August 2016. An Interview Form, the Orto-15 test, the Eating Attitude Test, and the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory were used as data collection tools. For the evaluation of the data, either parametric or nonparametric measurements were used in accordance with the distribution of the total scale scores.Results: 56.1% of the participants are female and 43.9% are male. The age average of women is 33.12±13.53 and the age average of men is 31.45±13.12. It was detected that men tend to have a statistically more orthorexic tendency compared to women. In our study, there is a weak negative correlation between the ideal weight that men want to be and their ORTO-15 scores. There is a weak negative correlation between ORTO-15 and EAT scores in women and men. When ORTO-15 test was compared with MOCI scores, there is a weak negative correlation between ORTO-15 and MOCI suspicion sub-dimension among women.Conclusion: As a result of the study, it is seen that especially men tend to have more orthorexic tendency than women and that the desire to reach ideal weight has an effect on healthy eating obsession in men. We can also say that obsessive characteristics among women are related to orthorexic tendencies, especially in the context of skepticism. It appears that there are perfectionist and rigid personality characteristics under orthorexic tendencies.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Çalışmanın amacı ortorektik eğilimlerin, yeme tutumu ve obsessif belirtilerle ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma Ocak 2016- Ağustos 2016 tarihleri arasında Sakarya ilinde yer alan 6 aile sağlığı merkezine başvuru yapan 18-65 yaş arasındaki 289 kişi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Görüşme Formu, Orto-15 testi, Yeme Tutum Testi ve Maudsley Obsesif Kompulsif Soru Listesi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, ölçek toplam puanlarının dağılım yapılarına uygun biçimde belirlenen parametrik ya da parametrik olmayan ölçümler kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %56.1’i kadın, %43.9’u erkektir. Kadınların yaş ortalaması 33.12±13.53, erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 31.45±13.12’dir. Erkeklerin kadınlara göre istatistiksel olarak daha ortorektik eğilim gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızda erkeklerin olmak istedikleri ideal kilo ile ORTO-15 puanları arasında negatif yönde zayıf ilişki bulunmaktadır. Kadınlarda ve erkeklerde ORTO-15 ile YTT puanları arasında negatif yönde zayıf ilişki bulunmaktadır. Kadınlara arasında ORTO-15 testi ile MOKSL puanları karşılaştırıldığında; ORTO-15 ile MOKSL kuşku alt boyutu arasında negatif yönde zayıf ilişki bulunmaktadır.Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda özellikle erkeklerin kadınlara göre daha ortorektik eğilim gösterdikleri, ideal kiloya ulaşma isteğinin erkeklerde sağlıklı yeme takıntısı üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Kadınlar arasında obsesif özelliklerin özellikle kuşkuculuk boyutu konusunda ortorektik eğilimlerle ilişkili olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Ortorektik eğilimler altında mükemmelliyetçi ve rijit kişilik özelliklerinin olduğu görülmektedir.
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Singh, Mohita, Jyoti Sethi, Meenakshi Garg, Parul Singh, and Utkarsh Sethi. "Preliminary screening for orthorexia nervosa in undergraduate student population of north India using ORTO-15 questionnaire." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 7, no. 2 (2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpmhh.2021.016.
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Orthorexia is a term used for “obsession for healthy and proper nutrition”. ON is a recently identified disorder and prevalence studies are mainly limited to Eurasian and Scandanavian countries. There is a paucity of literature currently available for Asian population and more specifically for the Indian population. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Indian population. To estimate the prevalence of ON in young North Indian population and to highlight its characteristics. The study population consisted of 448 young students (males=173, females=275). The ORTO-15 questionnaire developed by Donini et al. was used to determine the prevalence. Subjects who scored below 40 were classified as having ON. : Mean score of the participants in the ORTO-15 was using a 40 point threshold. A total of three fourth of the young students in the study group exhibited orthorexic tendency. High prevalence of ON in young students necessitates that Orthorexia Nervosa trends in general population be assessed in Indian subcontinent for better understanding of eating disorders and its interplay with socio-cultural diversities.
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Di Giorgio, Francesca Maria, Stefania Pia Modica, Marica Saladino, et al. "Food Beliefs and the Risk of Orthorexia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Nutrients 16, no. 8 (2024): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16081193.
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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) believe that diet plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of their disease and the exacerbation of their symptoms. They often adopt restrictive diets that can lead to malnutrition, anxiety, and stress. Recent studies have found a correlation between IBD and eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder). None of these studies report an association with orthorexia nervosa, which is an obsession with healthy and natural foods. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia nervosa in patients with IBD. A total of 158 consecutive subjects were recruited, including 113 patients with IBD and 45 controls. The standardized Donini questionnaire ORTO-15 was administered to assess the risk of orthorexia, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The results showed that patients with IBD had a risk of developing orthorexia nervosa of 77%. This was significantly higher than the 47% observed in the control group. In the patients with IBD, the risk of orthorexia was associated with a lower BMI, at least in patients older than 30 years, and it was also associated with marital status in patients younger than 30. In conclusion, many patients with IBD are at increased risk of developing orthorexia nervosa, which may have a negative impact on their psychological wellbeing and social sphere, expose them to a high risk of nutritional deficiencies, and affect their overall quality of life. Further high-quality studies are needed to assess the clinical impact of orthorexia and its correlation with clinical features and classified eating disorders.
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Di Giorgio, F. M., S. P. Modica, S. Ciminnisi, et al. "P848 Risk of Orthorexia Nervosa in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Link with Eating Disorders?" Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (2023): i972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0978.
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Abstract Background Self-imposed food restrictions are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because oftheir erroneous belief of the role of food in disease worsening and, recently, eating disorders have alsobeen described. Orthorexia nervosa is characterized by the obsession of eating healthy and natural foods.Only a few studies have assessed orthorexia in patients with digestive disease and there are no studies inIBD. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of orthorexia in patients with IBD. Methods 158 consecutive subjects were prospectively recruited from February to October 2022 in a tertiary referralcenter: 113 patients with IBD and 45 healthy controls. The cohort of IBD patients consisted of 74 patientson biologic drugs, 28 patients on conventional therapy, and 12 patients admitted to the ward for diseaseflares. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and the ORTO-15 questionnaire, validated by Doniniet al., was used to assess the risk of orthorexia. Results Patients with IBD had a prevalence of orthorexia of 77%, significantly higher than the 47% observed in thecontrol group (p &lt;0.001). No statistically significant differences between patients with and without risk oforthorexia in relation to age (p=0.66), gender (p=0.37), marital status (p=0.78), educational status (p=0.88),and occupation (p=0.64) were found, although a nonsignificant trend could be observed for a lower BMI inpatients with risk of orthorexia compared with those without orthorexia (mean BMI 26.7 VS 25 kg/m2,p=0.12). The prevalence of orthorexia did not differ in relation to the diagnosis of UC or CD (p=0.98), nor tothe duration (p=0.75), the type of biological or conventional therapy (p=0.42), disease activity as measuredby Mayo score/HBI (p=0.47), and the presence of ostomy (p=0.33). The only statistically significantdifference observed concerned the history of previous surgery for IBD in patients with orthorexia (19.5percent), versus 3.8 percent in patients without orthorexia (p=0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that most patients with IBD has a risk of orthorexia and that this is associated with alower BMI and a history of previous surgery for IBD. Further research is warranted to evaluate the clinicalimpact of orthorexia in patients with IBD and its relationship with the avoidant restrictive food intakedisorder (ARFID) or other eating disorder. Evidence based counselling by a qualified dietician is stronglywarranted in IBD clinics.
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Orscelik, Aydan, Gökhan Büyüklüoğlu, and Sabriye Ercan. "The relationship of exercise addiction with alexithymia and orthorexia." Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine 58, no. 3 (2023): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47447/tjsm.0762.
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Objective: Based on the hypothesis that exercise addiction must be in accordance with general rules of addiction, it may be associated with healthy eating obsession as orthorexia and emotion blindness as alexithymia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between exercise addiction level and alexithymia and orthorexia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on individuals who regularly exercise for more than 150 minutes a week. The descriptive characteristics of the participants were recorded, and the 'Exercise Addiction Scale, Teruel Orthorexia Scale, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale' were applied. According to the Exercise Addiction Scale, the athletes (n=95) were divided into two groups addicted (≥52) and risky (<51). Toronto Alexithymia Scale was used to categorize individuals with 51 point cut of values 'non-alexithymic' and 'alexithymic'. Results: Athletes were found to be 22.1% (n=21) risky, 77.9% (n=74) addicted, and 31.6% (n=30) alexithymic. There was a significant difference between the 'risky' and 'addicted' groups in all sub-dimension scores of the Exercise Addiction Scale (p=0.001). There was a positive relationship between exercise addiction, exercise duration, orthorexia nervosa, and alexithymia at different levels from weak to high (p˂0.05). Conclusion: Higher exercise addiction is a risk factor for alexithymia and orthorexia nervosa.
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Sağlam, Yaren, and Hande Bakırhan. "Nutritional behaviours, feeding problems and meal patterns of children diagnosed with autism Spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study." Food and Health 11, no. 3 (2025): 218–30. https://doi.org/10.3153/fh25018.
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Various nutritional problems are experienced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and it is important to evaluate the severity of feeding problems as it may affect the prognosis. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional behaviours, feeding problems, and meal patterns of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It was conducted with 50 children with ASD and 50 healthy children aged between 3-11 years. Nutritional behaviours, feeding problems, and meal patterns were assessed using a questionnaire, and the Brief Autism Mealtime Behaviour Inventory (BAMBI) was employed to evaluate children's mealtime behaviour and feeding problems. It was determined that children with ASD were similar to their healthy peers in terms of meal patterns and frequency, and 92.0% of them had regular meals. The total number of daily meals (main and snack) was 4.9±0.89. It was found that half of the children with ASD had a normal appetite, 58.0% had foods they did not consume, and 54.0% had a crying fit/tantrum when they were not allowed to eat their favorite food. The total BAMBI score of the children with ASD was found to be 49.0±8.87. The presence of unconsumed foods was encountered more frequently in children with ASD (p<0.05), and it was determined that 71.4% of children with ASD aged 5-7 years and 66.7% of children with ASD aged eight years and above had nutritional problems. Feeding problems, food refusal, food obsession/selectivity, crying fits/tantrums during eating were more common in children with ASD compared to their healthy peers (p<0.05). Probiotics, zinc, calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium and vitamin B12 supplements are more common in children with ASD (p<0.05). In conclusion, the findings of our study confirm the seriousness of nutritional problems in children with ASD.
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Citrome, Leslie, Robert Goldman, Joyce Tsai, Ling Deng, Todd Grinnell, and Andrei Pikalov. "169 Dasotraline for Treatment of Adults with Binge-Eating Disorder: Effect on Binge-related Obsessions and Compulsions." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (2020): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000851.
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Abstract:Background:Binge-eating disorder (BED), the most common eating disorder in the US, is frequently associated with impairment in quality of life and functioning. Dasotraline, a long-acting dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has a PK profile characterized by slow absorption and an elimination half-life of 47-77 hours, and is dosed once-daily. In a recent placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study, dasotraline demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with BED. We now report an analysis from this study of the effect of dasotraline on binge-related obsessions and compulsions.Method:Patients with moderate-to-severe BED, based on DSM-5 criteria, were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind, placebo controlled, treatment with flexible doses of dasotraline (4, 6, and 8 mg/d). The primary efficacy measure was number of binge-eating days/week; secondary measures included the Binge Eating Clinical Global Impression of Severity (BE-CGI-S) score and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Binge-Eating (Y-BOCS-BE), a validated, 10-item interviewer-administered measure designed to assess the severity of obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviors related to binge eating. Change from baseline in efficacy measures in the Intent-to-treat (ITT) population were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis.Results:The ITT population consisted of 317 patients (female, 84%; mean age, 38.2 years). LS mean reduction from baseline in number of Binge Eating (BE) days per week was significantly greater for dasotraline vs. placebo at week 12 (-3.74 vs. -2.75; P<0.0001; effect size [ES] = 0.74; primary endpoint); week 12 change was significantly greater for dasotraline vs. placebo on the Y-BOCS-BE total score (-17.05 vs. -9.88; P<0.0001; ES, 0.96), the obsession subscale score (-8.32 vs. -4.58; P<0.0001; ES, 0.95), and the compulsion subscale score (-8.69 vs. -5.35; P<0.0001; ES, 0.87). All 10 YBOCS-BE items were significantly improved on dasotraline vs. placebo at week 12 (P<0.001 for all comparisons; with effect sizes ranging from 0.54 to 0.90). At Week 12 (LOCF), for dasotraline and placebo, 52.3% and 18.4% of patients, respectively, had a BE-CGI-S score of 1 (“normal; not at all ill”; NNT=3). At endpoint, for patients with a global illness severity score of 1, the corresponding mean Y-BOCS-BE total scores were 0.5 and 0.7 for dasotraline and placebo, respectively, indicating that when BED illness severity approaches “normal, not at all ill”, binge-related obsessions and compulsions demonstrate comparably low levels of severity.Conclusion:In this placebo-controlled, 12-week study of patients with moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder, treatment with dasotraline (4-8 mg/d) was associated with significant and clinically meaningful reduction in binge-related obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviors.Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02564588Funding Acknowledgements:Supported by funding from Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
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Danyliuk, Ivan, and Valeria Kuchyna. "ETHNOCULTURAL STUDIES OF ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 63, no. 2 (2024): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/6316.
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The article presents an overview of the ethnocultural plane of the phenomenon of orthorexia nervosa ON (as a pathological obsession with healthy nutrition). The aim of the article is to make a meta-analysis of ON studies in different countries of the world and to create it’s causal model on the Ukrainian sample. The Western trend towards a healthy lifestyle (healthism) and healthy eating attracts the attention of researchers in other cultures. Modern studies of orthorexia nervosa on samples in China, India, Turkey and other countries of the East and Asia emphasize that orthorexia nervosa is diagnosed there as well. Deepening cultural studies of ON is a necessary direction. The study of orthorexia nervosa on the Ukrainian sample presented in the article at the beginning of 2024 showed the presence of orthorexia nervosa in most of the sample (using ORTO-15). In addition, the sample (77 respondents) was segmented by types of nutrition (vegetarianism, intermittent fasting, proper nutrition, intuitive nutrition, and others), and the average value of orthorexia was estimated in each subsample. This made it possible to establish the presence of ON in all subsamples, except for respondents who preferred the use of drugs for weight loss. The article analyzes the influence of socio-demographic factors on ON, from which the most influential ones are selected by structural equation modeling (SEM) method. A causal model of the relationship between various factors and orthorexia was created (an assessment of its quality and an interpretation of the parameters as well). The causal model confirmed that the type of diet and orthorexia have almost a quarter of the common variance, and women are also more likely to have this diagnosis. Attitudes toward food (e.g., food is pleasure; "fuel" for the body; a tool for maintaining beauty and health; or other) are correlated 15% with type of diet. The presence of the experience of experiencing ED in the past is almost a quarter interrelated with the attitude towards food.
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Zahra, Mutiara Anisha, Irwan Supriyanto, and Sri Warsini. "Gambaran Kecenderungan Orthorexia Nervosa pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran FK-KMK UGM." Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas 5, no. 2 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.67330.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a new psychological disorder that still needs further research. People living with ON have unsafe obsession with eating healthy food. Research related to ON among graduate students in Indonesia, especially medical students, has not been done.Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the proportion of orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendency and to investigate certain characteristics that might influence ON tendency among medical students at FK-KMK UGM.Methodology: This research was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection took place in October-November 2019. Respondents involved were 97 students. The instrument used was ORTO-15. The results were analysed with Chi-Square Test and Fisher Test.Results: The proportion of ON tendency among respondents was 44.3% (cut-off point 40) and there were significant relationship between ON tendency with the habit of respondents to access health related articles in web pages and social media.Conclusion: The ON tendency among medical students in FK-KMK UGM is relatively high with a prevalence percentage of 44.3%. Prevention efforts need to be made so that this trend does not develop into an actual health problem.Keywords: eating disorders; medical student; ORTO-15, orthorexia nervosa ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) merupakan gangguan psikologis baru yang masih perlu banyak diteliti dengan ciri-ciri penderita memiliki obsesi berlebih terhadap pola makan yang dianggap sehat. Hingga saat ini penelitian terkait ON pada mahasiswa di Indonesia, khususnya mahasiswa kedokteran belum dilakukan.Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi kecenderungan orthorexia nervosa (ON) dan karakteristik responden yang memengaruhi kecenderungan ON pada mahasiswa Prodi Kedokteran FK-KMK UGM.Metodologi: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional. Pengambilan data berlangsung pada bulan Oktober-November tahun 2019. Responden yang terlibat sebanyak 97 mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah ORTO-15. Hasil analisa dilakukan dengan Chi-square dan Fisher test.Hasil: Proporsi kecenderungan ON pada responden adalah 44,3% (cut-off point 40). Ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kecenderungan ON dengan kegemaran responden untuk mengakses laman berkaitan dengan kesehatan di sosial media (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Kecenderungan ON pada mahasiswa kedokteran FK-KMK UGM tergolong tinggi. Perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan agar kecenderungan ini tidak berkembang menjadi masalah kesehatan yang aktual.Kata Kunci: gangguan makan; mahasiswa kedokteran; ORTO-15, orthorexia nervosa
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Jbir, R., R. Masmoudi, M. Abdelkefi, et al. "Orthorexia and perceived stress by medical students: which association?" European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S425—S426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.915.
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IntroductionOrthorexia is a neuotic behavior characterized by an obsession with healthy eating. This trend is growing among medical students; it may be related to the stress experienced by these young people.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of orthorexic eating behaviors among medical students in Tunisia and to examine the relationship with perceived stress.MethodsOur study was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional, carried out with medical students in the faculty of medicine of sfax (Tunisia) during October 2022.An anonymous survey was asked to the students.Data collection was done by a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms administered in the students’ Facebook groups. The questionnaire was composed of a part for the collection of socio-demographic data and two psychometric scales :-The ORTO-15 was used to assess orthorexia- Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to determine the level of stressResultsAtotal of 95 responses was collected.The average age of our samplewas 25.8±3.4 with sex ratio M/F=0,25.Tobacco and alcohol usewere found in 14.7% and 13.6% of casesrespectively.A psychiatric history was reported by 17.9% of students, 76.5% of whom are anxiety disorders.Average body mass index was 23.64 ± 3.53 kg/m2. More than half (58%)of the students were dissatisfied with their feed. In our sample, 8.4% of students have already consulted a nutritionist and 58.9% regularly practiced sport at gym.According to the ORTO 15, 52.6% of the students presented orthorexia. The mean score of the ORTO-15 was 39.19±4.48.According to PSS scores, 21.1% of students had severe level of stress, 69.5% had moderate stress level while 9.5% had low level of stress.Severe stress was significantly correlated with female gender and psychiatric follow (p=0.047), (p=0.001) respectively.Orthorexia was significantly correlated with the practice of sport (p=0.042).Orthorexics students had a higher level of stress without significant correlations.ConclusionsOur study showed significant frequencies of orthorexia and a considerable level of stress among medical students. A high level of stress was observed in these orthorexic students. Further studies should be conducted to better investigate this relationship in order to promote student mental healthDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Mellouli, A., S. Ellouze, M. Barkallah, et al. "Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among medical students." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S192—S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.417.
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IntroductionOrthorexia nervosa is defined as an unhealthy obsession with eating healthy food. Recent studies currently demonstrated that students in health-oriented academic programs, highly focused on nutrition and physical exercise, are more prone to develop orthorexia nervosa than students in other educational areas.ObjectivesDetermine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in medical students and identify associated factors.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study in the faculty of medicine of Sfax in Tunisia, between February and April 2023. We used ORTO-15 for the assessment of orthorexia.Results The research has enrolled 220 students. Their mean age was 21.40±1.68 years, with female predominance (70%). The mean Body mass index (BMI) was 22.46±4.15 kg/m2. The prevalence of overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were respectively 19.5% and 3.6%. Over a third of students (34.1%) were using means of weight control, of which the diet represented 62.66% of cases. The participants had consulted a nutritionist in 11.4% of cases. The ORTO-15 mean total score was 36.88±6.76, with a mean score of 12.95±2.69 for cognitive dimension, 13.31±2.70 for clinical dimension, and 10.61±2.52 for emotional dimension. A total of 60% of participants had a score under the threshold. Orthorexia was significantly associated with female gender (p<10 -3), overweight or obesity (p=0.037), the use of weight control methods (p<10-3), following a diet (p<10-3), and consulting a nutritionist (p=0.009).ConclusionsIn our study, orthorexia seems to be quite widespread among medical students, particularly females, who are overweight or obese, and who use weight control methods.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Calpbinici, Pelin. "Effect of social media use on the orthorexia nervosa tendency among pregnant women." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 41, no. 6 (2025): 1755–62. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.6.12008.
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Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effects of social media use in pregnant women on orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendency. Methods: The descriptive study was carried out between June 10 and September 30, 2022 with 200 pregnant women admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. The researchers’ Information Form, the Healthy Eating Obsession Scale (ORTO-11), and the Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMUIS) were used to collect data. Results: The mean ORTO-11 scale score of pregnant women was 29.18 ± 4.52 and the mean SMUIS scale score was 29.37 ± 10.02. A very weak, negative, statistically significant relationship was found between the mean score of the pregnant women from the SMUIS scale and the mean score from the ORTO-11 scale (p<0.05). According to multiple linear hierarchical regression analysis, age (β=-0.183; p<0.05), place of residence (β=0.181; p<0.05), intended pregnancy (β=0.140; p<0.05), paying attention to the food intake (β=0.139; p<0.05), BMI (β=0.151; p<0.05) and, SMUIS (β=0.829; p<0.05) were significant predictors of the ON tendency in pregnant women. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that the use of social media by pregnant women increased their tendency to develop orthorexia nervosa. These findings are important in terms of interventions for the detection, prevention, and treatment of orthorexia nervosa during pregnancy. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.6.12008 How to cite this: Calpbinici P. Effect of social media use on the orthorexia nervosa tendency among pregnant women. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(6):1755-1762. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.6.12008 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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King, Elizabeth, Heidi Wengreen, April Litchford, et al. "Validating The Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS) For Use In Adolescents Aged 14–17." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_068.
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Abstract Objectives To determine the face validity of the survey instrument, Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS), in adolescents aged 14–17 years. The DOS has been validated for use in adults to identify individuals at-risk for symptoms and behaviors consistent with the condition of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON). This condition is characterized by a pathological obsession with healthy or “clean” eating which leads to psychological and physical impairment. Methods Researchers conducted seven focus groups with male and female students currently enrolled in a high school health class (n = 40; 11 males, 29 females aged 14–17). Participants first completed the DOS scale and then were asked to participate in a group discussion regarding their understanding of the meaning of the questions in the DOS survey. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify recurring themes. Codes for each of the 10 questions in the DOS scale were analyzed to determine group understanding of key words identified for each question. Results Key words in the original DOS survey questions were in agreement with the codes identified from the transcript of the focus groups for eight of the 10 DOS survey questions. The key words in the other two questions (indulgence in question one and colleague in question seven) were either not understood by focus group population or would need to be altered due to incorrect or inadequate understanding by focus group participants. 38 participants completed the DOS (M = 18.5, SD = 4.88). 7.9% of participants DOS responses indicated they were at moderate (n = 2) or high (n = 1) risk of practicing orthorexic behavior. Conclusions The DOS scale demonstrated good face validity in an adolescent population and the modification of two questions may improve its face validity. Though our sample was small, results indicate that a sizeable proportion of adolescents may already be practicing orthorexic behaviors. This demonstrates a need for further research to be conducted on effective prevention and intervention strategies for this age group. Funding Sources The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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Augimeri, Giuseppina, Martina Marchese, Pierluigi Plastina, and Daniela Bonofiglio. "Examining Associations Among Orthorexia Nervosa and Anthropometric Factors and Lifestyle Habits in an Italian University Community." Nutrients 17, no. 3 (2025): 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030537.
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Background/Objectives: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an obsession with rigid dietary rules, which leads to an emphasis being placed on food purity and health. Exploring the prevalence rates and understanding the potential risk factors associated with ON is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. This study investigated the prevalence of ON and examined different variables in associations to enhance our knowledge of their impact on ON tendency. Methods: A sample of 500 participants, including 357 women and 143 men, aged between 20 and 60, from an Italian university community was recruited to complete an online survey assessing ON, using the 15-item self-report measure ORTO-15, and Mediterranean diet adherence and lifestyle habits using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Mediterranean Lifestyle Index (MEDLIFE) questionnaires, respectively. Student’s t-test, ANOVA, chi-squared test, and multiple linear regressions were used for analyses. Results: We found that MEDAS and MEDLIFE scores were statistically higher in males than in females, while the ORTO-15 score was significantly lower in females than in males. In the total, ON prevalence was 19.8% (women = 16.08% and men = 21.28%). Multiple regression analyses on the ORTO-15 score and different variables showed that in our population sample, ON was associated with female sex (β = −2.98; p = 4 × 10−6) and the body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.41; p = 6.71 × 10−7). When adjusting for sex and the BMI, the resulting ORTO-15 score was associated with health science faculty attendance (β = 1.26, p = 0.003), following a food plan (β = −3.14; p = 1 × 10−7) and carrying out physical activity (β = −1.20; p = 0.03). Conclusions: This study identified the importance of several factors for ON focusing on lifestyle habits that clinicians should consider when assessing patients at risk for eating disorders. Further studies are warranted to better define the diagnostic criteria of ON and develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to promote a healthy relationship with food.
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O'Dwyer, A.-M., J. V. Lucey, and G. F. M. Russell. "Serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long-term weight restoration: response to D-fenfluramine challenge." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 2 (1996): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700034747.
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SynopsisAbnormalities in central serotonin function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. It is difficult, however, to separate neuroendocrine abnormalities induced by weight loss and malnutrition from those related primarily to the disorder itself. To minimize these influences, this study assessed long-term weight restored anorexics. A correlation between persistent eating-related psychopathology, co-morbid illness and serotonin dysfunction was sought. Nine female weight-restored out-patients who had previously fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa and nine healthy controls participated. Following baseline estimation, prolactin and cortisol responses to 30 mg p.o. ofD-fenfluramine were measured over a 5 h period. Eating related psychopathology was assessed using the Eating Disorders Inventory and Eating Attitudes Test. Depressive and obsessional symptoms were measured using the Beck Depressive and Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventories respectively. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire assessed impulsivity. The weight-restored anorexic group exhibited persistent eating-related psychopathology and significant co-morbid symptomatology. There was no difference between long-term weight restored anorexics and controls in their endocrine response toD-fenfluramine. Long-term weight-recovered anorexic subjects continued to exhibit behavioural and attitudinal disturbances characteristic of anorexia nervosa. The results suggest that abnormalities in 5HT activity do not contribute significantly to trait status in anorexia nervosa.
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Jowik, K., M. Dmitrzak-Węglarz, N. Pytlińska, A. Jasińska-Mikołajczak, A. Słopień, and M. Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor. "Apelin-13 and Asprosin in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa and Their Association with Psychometric and Metabolic Variables." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S102—S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.289.
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IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a widespread, metabo-psychiatric disorder with high relapse rates, comorbidity, and mortality. Many regulatory proteins and neurohormones studied to date play essential roles in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders and the maintenance of psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, the regulatory and pathophysiological mechanisms of AN are still poorly understood.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of asprosin (ASP) and apelin-13 (APE-13) in malnourished (AN1) and partially cured (AN2) adolescent patients with AN. Correlations between protein levels and several dimensions of AN symptomatology, such as eating disorder, depressive, and obsessive compulsive symptoms, were investigated.MethodsSixty-four patients aged 11–18 years admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the acute phase of AN participated in the study. Between the 1st and 3rd days of admission, patients with AN (AN1) underwent psychometric evaluation, height and weight assessment, and 15 mL of blood was drawn. The same procedures were repeated at a second time point about 11.2 ± 2.3 weeks later, after partial normalization of body weight on the day of discharge (AN2). The control group (CG) normal-weight girls with no history of psychiatric disorders, recruited from among the students of a local school. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS), were used to assess eating disorder symptoms, depression, obsessions and compulsions. Patients were included in a nutritional rehabilitation program. Daily caloric intake was 2000–2500 kcal and was gradually increased to 3500–4000 kcal depending on weight gain (1.0–1.5 kg per week).ResultsAPE-13 levels were higher in the AN1 group than in the post-realimentation and the CG group. APE-13 levels were independent of insulin and glucose levels. Plasma ASP levels increased with increasing body weight in patients with AN, correlating with the severity of eating disorder symptoms in emaciation.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsThe presented data suggest that APE-13 and ASP may be AN’s biomarkers-regulation of eating behavior by APE-13 and ASP, the close relationship between them and emotional behavior, and changes in neurohormone levels in patients with eating and affective disorders seem to support these hypotheses. Moreover, their plasma levels seem to be related to the severity of psychopathological symptoms of eating disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Pardini, S., J. Szubert, C. Novara, and A. Brytek-Matera. "Higher levels of concern about dieting and moderate-intensity physical activity predict orthorexia nervosa among young adults." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.401.
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Introduction In some individuals, interest in healthy attitudes and behaviours towards food may show obsessive signs. Preoccupation with ‘healthful’ eating may contribute to orthorexia nervosa (ON) – a strong preoccupation with “healthy eating” manifested by the avoidance of all foods considered by the individual to be “unhealthy”. Objectives The objective of the present study was to determine whether disordered eating behaviour, physical activity and self-esteem are predictors of ON in young adults. Methods Five hundred fifty-four Polish and Italian university students participated in the present study. Participants were asked to answer the Eating Habits Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results Our findings found that higher levels of concern about dieting and moderate-intensity physical activity were related to ON. Particularly, higher levels of concern about dieting, bulimic behaviour and thoughts about food and moderate-intensity physical activity predicted problems associated with healthy eating. Higher levels of concern about dieting, self-esteem as well as self-control of eating and perceived pressure from others to gain weight were associated with knowledge of healthy eating. Whereas, higher levels of concern about dieting with country factor (Poland) predicted feeling positively about healthy eating. Conclusions In ON treatment, reduction in symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders and adequate levels of physical activity should be taken into consideration. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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KULAK, MD, Ercan, Aktas Ayhan, Dogan Emrah, Hidyroglu Seyhan, and Karavus Melda. "The evaluation of orthorexia nervosa tendency in primary health care workers." Progress in Health Sciences 12, no. 1 (2022): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8838.
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Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess the tendency and frequency of orthorexia nervosa (ON) among primary health care workers. At the same time, it was our special purpose to evaluate its relation with eating attitude disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of primary health care workers in Istanbul, Turkey, in September-October 2016. The total number of 202 primary health care workers were composed of physicians and nurses. We reached 72.2% (n=156) of the research population. Participants completed a questionnaire inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics, and also three scales, namely ORTO11, Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40), and Maudsly Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Results: The mean ORTO-11 score of the participants was 26.8±4.8. The ORTO-11 score was higher in the physicians (27.8±4.62) than in the nurses (25.8±5.01) (p=0.018). Therefore, physicians tend to have less tendency for ON. There was a low but statistically significant correlation between the scores of ORTO-11 and EAT-40 (rho=- 0.299 and p<0.001) and MOCI (rho=-0.261 and p=0.001). EAT-40 and MOCI (rho=0.192 and p=0.016) scores were found to be statistically significant at low correlation. Conclusions: The tendency of ON, eating attitude disorder and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were found to be higher in nurses as compared to physicians as far as occupational groups were concerned. There can be a relation between ON tendency and eating attitude disorders and obsessivecompulsive symptoms. Keywords: orthorexia nervosa; eating attitude disorders; obsessive-compulsive symptoms; primary health care workers
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Gkiouleka, Maria, Christina Stavraki, Theodoros N. Sergentanis, and Tonia Vassilakou. "Orthorexia Nervosa in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Literature Review." Children 9, no. 3 (2022): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030365.
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Adolescents are a nutritionally vulnerable population; eating disorders are more common among adolescents and young adults. Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a non-formally recognized condition characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with eating healthy and “pure” foods; the quality and not the quantity of food is pivotal in ON. ON is a complex entity which can be associated with severe diet restrictions, a negative impact on social relationships, and with physical and mental health conditions, including obsessive–compulsive disorder. In light of this, a literature review regarding the background, diagnosis, features, risk factors, interplay with the social media, and management of ON is presented in this article, with a focus on adolescents and young adults.
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Bégin, Catherine, Elise Carbonneau, Marie-Pierre Gagnon-Girouard, et al. "Eating-Related and Psychological Outcomes of Health at Every Size Intervention in Health and Social Services Centers Across the Province of Québec." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 2 (2018): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118786326.
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Purpose: To report the outcomes of a Health at Every Size (HAES) intervention in a real-world setting. Design: Quasi-experimental design evaluating eating behaviors and psychological factors. Setting: The HAES intervention is offered in Health and Social Services Centers in Québec (Canada). Participants: For this study, 216 women (body mass index [BMI]: 35.76 [6.80] kg/m2) who participated to the HAES intervention were compared to 110 women (BMI: 34.56 [7.30] kg/m2) from a comparison group. Intervention: The HAES intervention is composed of 14 weekly meetings provided by health professionals. It focuses on healthy lifestyle, self-acceptance, and intuitive eating. Measures: Eating behaviors (ie, flexible restraint, rigid restraint, disinhibition, susceptibility to hunger, intuitive eating, and obsessive-compulsive eating) and psychological correlates (ie, body esteem, self-esteem, and depression) were assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up. Analysis: Group, time, and interaction effects analyzed with mixed models. Results: Significant group by time interactions were found for flexible restraint ( P = .0400), disinhibition ( P < .0001), susceptibility to hunger ( P < .0001), intuitive eating ( P < .0001), obsessive–compulsive eating ( P < .0001), body-esteem ( P < .0001), depression ( P = .0057), and self-esteem ( P < .0001), where women in the HAES group showed greater improvements than women in the comparison group at short and/or long term. Conclusion: The evaluation of this HAES intervention in a real-life context showed its effectiveness in improving eating-, weight-, and psychological-related variables among women struggling with weight and body image.
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Pontillo, Maria, Valeria Zanna, Francesco Demaria, et al. "Orthorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Selective Review of the Last Seven Years." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 20 (2022): 6134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206134.
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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as an exaggerated, obsessive, pathological fixation on healthy food, healthy eating, or health-conscious eating behaviors. In the literature, there is an ongoing debate over whether ON should be considered simply a lifestyle phenomenon or a psychiatric disorder. In this vein, ON seems to share psychopathological characteristics with both eating disorders (EDs) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, there are insufficient data to reconcile the debate. The present study aimed at consolidating evidence on the clinical significance of ON and its relationship with EDs and OCD. A selective review of the literature published between January 2015 and March 2022 was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Ten studies were included. Some of these studies suggested that ON might follow a full-syndrome DSM-5 ED. Other studies proposed that ON and DSM-5 EDs may co-occur. Finally, only two studies suggested a relationship between ON and OCD. To date, the clinical significance of ON and its relationship with EDs and other DSM-5 psychiatric disorders (e.g., OCD) appears complicated and unclear. Future longitudinal research on the possible clinical course of ON is needed.
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Kaya, Hazel Ezgi, İlknur Kıvanç Altunay, and Aslı Aksu. "Assessment of Eating Attitude and Psychiatric Parameters in Patients with Acne Vulgaris." Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 15, no. 2 (2025): 5053. https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1502a5053.
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Introduction: Redundancy of psychological comorbidities in acne vulgaris may contribute to disturbed eating attitude. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible relation between acne vulgaris and disturbed eating attitude. Methods: One hundred acne patients and 86 healthy volunteers evaluated by the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and possible indicative of disordered eating using the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40) and Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire (EDEQ). Results: Mean EAT-40 score was significantly higher in acne group (24.1±17.4) compared to control group (14.2±9.0) (P=0.001). Global score of EDEQ and all subscores were statistically higher in acne group (for each P=0.001). The ratio of participants who meaningful scores for Restraint Eating and Weight Concern subscores of EDEQ was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P=0.003; P=0.034 respectively). Obsessive-compulsive and Depression subscores of SCL-90-R among acne patients who had meaningful EAT-40 scores were statistically higher compared to those had EAT-40 scores <30 (P=0.030; P=0.006 respectively). Conclusion: Because of higher mortality and morbidity rates clinicians should screen acne patients for possible disordered eating psychopathology, with particular attention to those with obsessive-compulsive and depression.
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Maia, Berta Rodrigues, Maria João Soares, Ana Gomes, et al. "Perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive and eating disorders." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, no. 4 (2009): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462009005000004.
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OBJECTIVE: The main aims of this article are twofold. First, to assess perfectionism dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders in comparison with psychiatric control (depression/anxiety) and non-clinical control groups. Second, to examine if perfectionism is specifically related to these different clinical conditions. METHOD: Thirty-nine outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, 24 outpatients with eating disorders, 65 outpatients with a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, and 70 non-clinical participants completed the Portuguese version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. RESULTS: Compared to non-clinical subjects, individuals of all clinical samples had significantly higher scores on Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale total score, Self-Oriented and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism. There were no significantly differences in Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale total score in all the three clinical samples. Subjects from the eating disorders sample had significantly higher scores of Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism in comparison to obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychiatric control samples. CONCLUSION: Perfectionism showed to be related with this broad range of psychopathologies. However, the differences between eating disorders versus obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychiatric control on Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism warrant further investigation in order to clarify the specificity of this perfectionism dimension in eating disorders.
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Grajek, Mateusz, and Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski. "Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 7 (2022): 469–78. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.048.
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<strong>Grajek Mateusz, Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof. Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa. J</strong><strong>ournal of Education, Heal</strong><strong>th and Sport. 2022;12(7):469-478</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.048</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2022.12.07.048</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/6828791</strong> <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 22.06.2022. Revised: 22.06.2022. Accepted: 13.07.2022.</strong> <strong>Review of available diagnostic options for Orthorexia Nervosa</strong> <strong>Mateusz Grajek<sup>1</sup> , Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski<sup>2</sup></strong> <sup>1</sup>Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41902 Katowice, Poland, mgrajek@sum.edu.pl <sup>2</sup>Department of Humanistic Foundations of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Education, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40065 Katowice, Poland, gmattgrayek@gmail.com <strong>Abstract</strong> Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is one of the disorders with a psychological basis. The word ‘orthorexia’ comes from Greek, where ‘orthos’ means proper ‘orexia’ appetite. The disorder is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating, and as the disease worsens, significant food exclusions occur. In extreme cases of ON, the affected person forgoes eating any food, explaining it as a health concern. The degree of prevalence of ON in society is still highly questionable. Numerous studies indicate the prevalence of this problem, but there is no consistent data on the degree of severity of ON. The degree of severity of ON in the general population ranges from 6% to as high as 90%, such significant variation may be due to cultural reasons or a defect in the measurement tool. To date, a useful tool for diagnosing ON has not been developed, little that ON is still not treated as a separate disease or disorder. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present diagnostic possibilities in the form of psychometric tools that can be used in conducting scientific research and in psychological and dietetic practice. <strong>Keywords: </strong>ON, psychometrics, diagnostic tools, tests, and measurement scales