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1
Congdon, Peter. "Obesity and Urban Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030464.
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Obesity is a major public health issue, affecting both developed and developing societies. Obesity increases the risk for heart disease, stroke, some cancers, and type II diabetes. While individual behaviours are important risk factors, impacts on obesity and overweight of the urban physical and social environment have figured large in the recent epidemiological literature, though evidence is incomplete and from a limited range of countries. Prominent among identified environmental influences are urban layout and sprawl, healthy food access, exercise access, and the neighbourhood social environment. This paper reviews the literature and highlights the special issue contributions within that literature.
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Capon, Anthony G., and Edward J. Blakely. "Checklist for Healthy and Sustainable Communities." Journal of Green Building 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.3.2.41.
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This paper describes a 10-point checklist for the planning and development of healthy and sustainable communities. The 10 domains in the checklist are essentially physical characteristics of places. Each domain has relevance to the health of people living in the place, and to the sustainability of the environment. The checklist is intended as a tool for those who plan, develop and manage urban environments. Such tools can be valuable for assessing the health and environmental impacts of decisions made by urban and transport planners, and businesses engaged in land development and infrastructure projects.
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McMahan, Shari, and Graciela Amaya. "Obesity Prevention In Urban Settings: Creating Healthy Environments." American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS) 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v4i1.7597.
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The Center for the Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles and Obesity Prevention, housed in the College of Health and Human Development, at California State University, Fullerton promotes interdisciplinary research and community outreach in areas related to children’s health and weight management. Two studies focusing on the built environment are showcased. The first study, “Commuting Patterns and Obesity Risk” demonstrates that students with longer commute times are more likely to have a body mass index (BMI) over 25, which is considered overweight. The second study, “Increasing Physical Activity with a Mobile Physical Activity Unit” turned a parking lot into a playground. This was created to provide children in Santa Ana, one of the densest cities in Orange County, California, a place to play. The built environment can have a profound effect on physical activity and if given the opportunity, is important to address in the design stages for the health of our communities.
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Fogal, Aline Siqueira, Milene Cristina Pessoa, Elpídio Inácio Fernandes Filho, and Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro. "Built urban environment and functional incapacity: Enabling healthy aging." Journal of Transport & Health 14 (September 2019): 100574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100574.
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Shan, Weiting, Chunliang Xiu, and Rui Ji. "Creating a Healthy Environment for Elderly People in Urban Public Activity Space." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 7301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197301.
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According to statistics, the global, population aging problem is severe and growing rapidly. The aging problem is most obvious in some European countries, and most of them are developed countries, such as Japan, Italy, Germany, France, etc. The current internal and external environments of parks in China are complex. The inefficient utilization of space in urban parks is a prominent problem. The design of public spaces that only considers the visual experience is incomplete. Based on the optimization of urban park space planning principle, this study examined a new measure of the acoustic environment in elderly public activity space and designed a new elderly healthy urban park environment. Methods: Using the main parks in Shenyang (Zhongshan Park, Nanhu Park, Youth Park, and Labor park) as the study sites, this study analyzed problems in the acoustic environmental data through on-site inspection, questionnaire survey, and physical data collection. By using general linear regression and multiple regression methods, this study analyzed the impacts of plant density, site elevation, structure enclosure, functional mixing degree on the acoustic environment, and elderly population activities. Based on the acoustic environment, we propose improvements and construction ideas, as well as technical methods, for urban elderly public activity space planning. The utility of the “elderly public activity space planning principle” was also considered. Results: Elderly activity space in urban parks was affected by three main factors—plant density, degree of structural enclosure, and function mixing degree. These factors should be optimized to construct healthy acoustic environments and attract different types of people. Discussion: Compared to past studies, the new influencing factors of the planning principle for elderly public activity space found in this study, would benefit the urban park environment for the elderly and support sustainable development of cities. Conclusions: This study proposes three optimizations to the elderly urban park space planning principle and builds four healthy models of elderly urban space activity.
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Liu, Yafei, Martin Dijst, Jan Faber, Stan Geertman, and Can Cui. "Healthy urban living: Residential environment and health of older adults in Shanghai." Health & Place 47 (September 2017): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.07.007.
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Duhl, Leonard. "Healthy Cities and the Built Environment." Built Environment 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.2005.31.4.356.
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Lin, Lin, and Hongwei Jiang. "Healthy Environment and Healthy Living in Urban China: An Emerging Field in Research." Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24761028.2016.11869093.
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Leandro-Reguillo, Patricia, and Amy L. Stuart. "Healthly Urban Environmental Features for Poverty Resilience: The Case of Detroit, USA." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136982.
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Within the existing relationship among urban environment, health, and poverty, it is necessary to clarify and characterize the influence that the physical environment has on community socioeconomic outcomes. Given that Detroit has one of the highest poverty rates among large metropolitan areas in the United States, this study aims to identify environmental and urban features that have influenced poverty in this city by assessing whether changes in household income are associated with characteristics of the built environment. The difference of median household income (DMHI) between 2017 and 2013 and 27 environmental and urban variables were investigated using both geographic distribution mapping and statistical correlation analysis. Results suggest that proximity of housing to job opportunity areas, as well as to certain educational and health-related facilities, were positively related to increasing household incomes. These findings outline a healthy urban design that may benefit community socioeconomic outcomes—specifically a design with dense and mixed-use areas, good accessibility, high presence of urban facilities, and features that promote a healthy lifestyle (involving physical activity and a healthy diet). In this sense, urban planning and public health may be important allies for poverty resilience.
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Karpyn, Allison, Candace R. Young, Zachary Collier, and Karen Glanz. "Correlates of Healthy Eating in Urban Food Desert Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 6305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176305.
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The food environment is well documented as an important emphasis for public health intervention. While theoretical models of the relationship between the food environment and dietary outcomes have been proposed, empirical testing of conceptual models has been limited. The purpose of this study was to explore which factors in nutrition environments are significantly associated with dietary outcomes in two urban, low-income, and minority food desert communities. This study analyzed cross-sectional data based on 796 participants from the Food in Our Neighborhood Study. Participants were recruited based on a random sample of addresses in neighborhood study areas, Philadelphia, PA (n = 393) and Trenton, NJ (n = 403). Main dietary outcomes were Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and fruit and vegetable consumption subscores computed from ASA24® assessments. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted and yielded a model of four factors with 22 items. Among four factors that emerged, three factors (Perceptions of Neighborhood Food Availability; and Household Food Challenges) were significantly correlated with dietary outcomes. My Store’s Quality and Perceptions of Neighborhood Food Availability were positively correlated with vegetable consumption subscore. The Household Food Challenges factor was negatively correlated with both vegetable subscore and overall HEI score (i.e., more household challenges were associated with lower dietary scores). These findings confirmed the importance of perceived nutrition environments and household food challenges in predicting dietary outcomes among residents of two urban, low-income, and minority food desert communities.
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Rampalli, Krystal, Christine Blake, Edward Frongillo, Kenneth Erickson, and Amos Laar. "Perspectives of Urban Ghanaian Adolescents on Healthy Eating Habits." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab043_016.
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Abstract Objectives Adolescents are vulnerable to diet-related health risks as they experience major life changes alongside food environment changes. In Ghana, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising, and there is a need to understand what, how and why adolescents eat the way they do. This study explored perspectives of adolescents about healthy and unhealthy eating and relationships to portion sizes. Methods The Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for NCDs (MEALS4NCDs) Project is measuring the nature and extent of unhealthy food marketing to support public sector actions to create healthier food environments for Ghanaian children. In July-August 2020, 48 interviews with students (14–17 years old) in six districts across the Greater Accra Region were conducted in schools. Interviews were done in English, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded with NVivo12 using a thematic analysis. Results All students demonstrated basic nutrition knowledge and conceptualized healthy eating as “not eating too much”, “a balanced diet,” “not eating late,” and “not eating cold foods.” Connections between NCDs and consumption of foods high in fat, sugar, and salt were rarely made. All students consumed items contrary to what was described as a healthy diet. Students expressed food safety as indicative of healthy food, emphasizing food prepared in a “hygienic environment by a hygienic person,” “a hot temperature,” and “covered.” Participants did not understand portion sizes beyond “too much of anything is bad” and most stated contexts where they would consume smaller or larger portion sizes, such as around strangers (less) or unsure of next meal (more). Participants admitted that peer pressure and food advertising claims informed their food choices and showed minimal knowledge of marketing tactics. Students voiced their limited agency in food choice decisions, citing financial and cultural constraints. Conclusions Students had some nutrition knowledge but limited agency to apply it in daily food choices. Interventions should include educating students and parents on diet-related NCDs and deceptive marketing tactics that promote unhealthy foods. Funding Sources International Development Research Centre's Food, Environment & Health Programme, IDRC-Canada. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina.
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Shahmohamadi, P., A. I. Che-Ani, I. Etessam, K. N. A. Maulud, and N. M. Tawil. "Healthy Environment: The Need to Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effects on Human Health." Procedia Engineering 20 (2011): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.139.
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Yue, Dahai, Shiman Ruan, Jin Xu, Weiming Zhu, Luyu Zhang, Gang Cheng, and Qingyue Meng. "Impact of the China Healthy Cities Initiative on Urban Environment." Journal of Urban Health 94, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-016-0106-1.
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Münzel, Thomas, Mette Sørensen, Jos Lelieveld, Omar Hahad, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Billie Giles-Corti, Andreas Daiber, and Sanjay Rajagopalan. "Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger." European Heart Journal 42, no. 25 (May 18, 2021): 2422–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab235.
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Abstract The world’s population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this proportion continues to grow. Between 60% and 80% of the global energy use is consumed by urban areas, with 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions produced within urban areas. The World Health Organization states that city planning is now recognized as a critical part of a comprehensive solution to tackle adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we address non-communicable diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease and the urbanization process in relation to environmental risk exposures including noise, air pollution, temperature, and outdoor light. The present review reports why heat islands develop in urban areas, and how greening of cities can improve public health, and address climate concerns, sustainability, and liveability. In addition, we discuss urban planning, transport interventions, and novel technologies to assess external environmental exposures, e.g. using digital technologies, to promote heart healthy cities in the future. Lastly, we highlight new paradigms of integrative thinking such as the exposome and planetary health, challenging the one-exposure-one-health-outcome association and expand our understanding of the totality of human environmental exposures.
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Rebecchi, Andrea, Maddalena Buffoli, Marco Dettori, Letizia Appolloni, Antonio Azara, Paolo Castiglia, Daniela D’Alessandro, and Stefano Capolongo. "Walkable Environments and Healthy Urban Moves: Urban Context Features Assessment Framework Experienced in Milan." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 2778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102778.
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Recent studies in public health have focused on determining the influences of the built environment on the population’s physical and mental health status. In order to promote active transport and physical activity, considered favorable behavior for the prevention non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, it is necessary to reduce the negative effects of the built environment and develop positive ones, such as, for example, a walkable urban space. The aim of the research is to define a city’s walkability assessment framework capable of highlighting points of strength and weakness in its urban environment. All of the aspects that have a direct influence (evidence-based) on fostering the adoption of healthy lifestyles or promoting active transport as a strategy to increase the level of physical activity due to the existence of daily urban travel should be considered. After conducting a literature review aimed at identifying all of the existing assessment tools, 20 research studies were examined in detail. The new evaluation method arises from the comparison and critical selection of the various qualitative–quantitative indicators found, integrated into a multi-criteria analysis structure of dual-scale survey, with reference to walkability and paying attention to those indicators that have implications on health promotion. The new assessment framework, named Milano Walkability Measurement (MWM), is applicable in different urban contexts and was tested in two different areas of Milan. The Macro dimension (i.e., Density, Diversity, and Design criteria) refers to the urban scale and examines the city from a top view. It describes quantitatively the overall urban factors (urban area size equal to 1.5 Km2; typology of data: archival). The Micro dimension (i.e., Usefulness, Safeness, Comfort, and Aesthetics criteria) investigates the city at the street scale level. It describes qualitatively features of the outdoor spaces (road length of about 500/700 mt; typology of data: observational). Finally, the framework was weighted by comparison with a panel of experts. The expected results were reflected in the design recommendations based on the collected qualitative-quantitative data. The developed assessment method brings innovative criteria such as the multi-scaling assessment phase (Macro and Micro) and the ability to take into consideration aspects that according to the literature have relationships with health promotion linked to the improvement of a healthy lifestyle, related to daily active transportation choices. The design recommendations are useful both to policy-makers, to make evidence-based specific choices, and to designers, to understand what aspects of the urban environment must be improved or implemented in order to promote a walkable city.
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Giyasova, Irina. "Factors affecting microclimatic conditions in urban environment." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124406010.
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Urbanization leads to dramatic changes in urban microclimate, and becomes a serious problem in terms of ensuring comfortable and healthy living of city dwellers. The main factors affecting the microclimate of urban environment are not only the geographical features of cities, but also the density of buildings, the environmental concerns, the thermal response of buildings, the influence of plants and water bodies. The problem of the urban microclimate optimization is multifaceted since various factors affect changes in the urban environment. Thus an integrated multilevel systematic approach to studying the problems of the formation of the urban microclimate is required. Integrating the accumulated knowledge and practices in the research domain with design work is important.
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Osei-Kwasi, Hibbah Araba, Amos Laar, Francis Zotor, Rebecca Pradeilles, Richmond Aryeetey, Mark Green, Paula Griffiths, et al. "The African urban food environment framework for creating healthy nutrition policy and interventions in urban Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0249621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249621.
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This study developed, validated, and evaluated a framework of factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban African food environments, to inform research prioritisation and intervention development in Africa. A multi-component methodology, drawing on concept mapping, was employed to construct a framework of factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban Africa. The framework adapted a widely used socio-ecological model (developed in a high-income country context) and was developed using a mixed-methods research approach that comprised: i. Evidence synthesis consisting of a systematic review of 39 papers covering 14 African countries; ii. Qualitative interview data collected for adolescents and adults (n = 144) using photovoice in urban Ghana and Kenya; and iii. Consultation with interdisciplinary African experts (n = 71) from 27 countries, who contributed to at least one step of the framework (creation, validation/evaluation, finalisation). The final framework included 103 factors influencing dietary behaviours. Experts identified the factors influencing dietary behaviours across all the four levels of the food environment i.e. the individual, social, physical and macro levels. Nearly half (n = 48) were individual-level factors and just under a quarter (n = 26) were at the macro environmental level. Fewer factors associated with social (n = 15) and physical (14) environments were identified. At the macro level, the factors ranked as most important were food prices, cultural beliefs and seasonality. Factors ranked as important at the social level were household composition, family food habits and dietary practices. The type of food available in the neighbourhood and convenience were seen as important at the physical level, while individual food habits, food preferences and socioeconomic status were ranked highly at the individual level. About half of the factors (n = 54) overlap with those reported in an existing socio-ecological food environment framework developed in a high-income country context. A further 49 factors were identified that were not reported in the selected high-income country framework, underlining the importance of contextualisation. Our conceptual framework offers a useful tool for research to understand dietary transitions in urban African adolescents and adults, as well as identification of factors to intervene when promoting healthy nutritious diets to prevent multiple forms of malnutrition.
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Yang, Xudong, Lei Ji, and Tianbo Yu. "Study on Hydrogeological Prospecting Technology of Healthy Environment for Urban Residents." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 558 (September 5, 2020): 032008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/558/3/032008.
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Hu, Xiaoyi, Yuxin Wei, and Jiawen Tang. "Design Strategy of Friendly and Healthy Environment for Urban Aging Community." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 598 (November 25, 2020): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/598/1/012044.
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Sheweka, Samar, and Arch Nourhan Magdy. "The Living walls as an Approach for a Healthy Urban Environment." Energy Procedia 6 (2011): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.05.068.
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Artigues, Guillem, Sara Mateo, Maria Ramos, and Elena Cabeza. "Validation of the Urban Walkability Perception Questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186631.
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Within the context of promoting the “healthy routes” program, the aim of this study was to validate the urban walkability perception questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands to determine the characteristics of the urban environment that promote walking among the population. The UWPQ measures pedestrian facilities, infrastructures of the environment, perception of safety and a participant’s general opinion. This process was performed in 12 routes predefined by a community participation program and set around the primary health centers. Degree of correlation between the items was calculated. The final internal consistency was 0.8 in all blocks according to the Cronbach’s alpha test (p < 0.01). Goodman and Kruskal–gamma correlation coefficient (γ) between the item measuring the general opinion and the rest of the items was significant. The items from the perception of safety and pedestrian facilities blocks were the ones that most affected the final assessment. Those regarding the pedestrian-only pavements, clearly marked pavements, noise, traffic density and parks condition obtained the lowest coefficients. To conclude, the results showed that the UWPQ is a suitable instrument to assess the degree of adequacy of the urban environment for walking. It could contribute to create healthy environments as well as to improve public policies.
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Andres, Lauren, John R. Bryson, and Paul Moawad. "Temporary Urbanisms as Policy Alternatives to Enhance Health and Well-Being in the Post-Pandemic City." Current Environmental Health Reports 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00314-8.
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Abstract Purpose of Review While there has been extensive discussion on the various forms of temporary uses in urban settings, little is known on the ways in which temporary and health urbanisms connect. Now, a turning point has been reached regarding the interactions between health and the built environment and the contributions made by urban planning and other built environment disciplines. In the context of the post-pandemic city, there is a need to develop a health-led temporary urbanism agenda than can be implemented in various settings both in the Global South and North. Recent Findings Health-led temporary urbanism requires a reinterrogation of current models of urban development including designing multifunctional spaces in urban environments that provide sites for temporary urbanism-related activities. A healthy city is an adaptable city and one that provides opportunities for citizen-led interventions intended to enhance well-being by blending the temporary with the permanent and the planned with the improvised. Summary Health-led temporary urbanism contributes to the call for more trans- and inter-disciplinary discussions allowing to more thoroughly link urban planning and development with health.
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Mackiewicz, Karolina. "Urban planning as a tool to enhance the health of city inhabitants." Public Health Forum 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-2016-2098.
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Abstract Urban planning significantly impacts the health of inhabitants of the cities. Living environment affects if people exercise or not, if they decide to commute to work by bike or on foot, if they feel safe and finally if they enjoy the wellbeing. The responsibility for urban planning is in the hands of the local governments. This paper presents examples from the European WHO Healthy Cities, particularly from Turku, Finland about innovative and healthy solutions in urban planning.
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Gerber, Stephan M., Marie-Madlen Jeitziner, Simon D. Sänger, Samuel E. J. Knobel, Laura Marchal-Crespo, René M. Müri, Joerg C. Schefold, Stephan M. Jakob, and Tobias Nef. "Comparing the Relaxing Effects of Different Virtual Reality Environments in the Intensive Care Unit: Observational Study." JMIR Perioperative Medicine 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): e15579. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15579.
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Background After a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, approximately 50%-75% of all critically ill patients suffer from neurocognitive late effects and a reduction of health-related quality of life. It is assumed that the noisy and stressful ICU environment leads to sensory overload and deprivation and potentially to long-term cognitive impairment. Objective In this study, we investigated three different virtual reality environments and their potentially restorative and relaxing effects for reducing sensory overload and deprivation in the ICU. Methods A total of 45 healthy subjects were exposed to three different environments, each 10 minutes in length (dynamic, virtual, natural, and urban environments presented inside the head-mounted display, and a neutral video on an ICU TV screen). During the study, data was collected by validated questionnaires (ie, restoration and sickness) and sensors to record physiological parameters (240 hertz). Results The results showed that the natural environment had the highest positive and restorative effect on the physiological and psychological state of healthy subjects, followed by the urban environment and the ICU TV screen. Conclusions Overall, virtual reality stimulation with head-mounted display using a dynamic, virtual and natural environment has the potential, if directly used in the ICU, to reduce sensory overload and deprivation in critically ill patients and thus to prevent neurocognitive late effects.
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Nguyen, Trang, Huong Pham Thi Mai, Marrit van den Berg, Tuyen Huynh Thi Thanh, and Christophe Béné. "Interactions between Food Environment and (Un)healthy Consumption: Evidence along a Rural-Urban Transect in Viet Nam." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080789.
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There is limited evidence on food environment in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the application of food environment frameworks and associated metrics in such settings. Our study examines how food environment varies across an urban-peri-urban-rural gradient from three sites in North Viet Nam and its relationship with child undernutrition status and household consumption of processed food. By comparing three food environments, we present a picture of the food environment in a typical emerging economy with specific features such as non-market food sources (own production and food transfers) and dominance of the informal retail sector. We combined quantitative data (static geospatial data at neighborhood level and household survey) and qualitative data (in-depth interviews with shoppers). We found that across the three study sites, traditional open and street markets remain the most important outlets for respondents. Contrary to the common concern that urban households are the major consumers of processed foods, peri-urban and rural areas on average had higher consumption of ultra-processed foods than in urban areas. The low price levels of processed foods and the presence of processed foods even among the traditional convenience stores, those in closest proximity to the rural households, offer potential explanations of this result. Regarding undernutrition, low retail diversity and a household’s dependence on own production have important implications for the high prevalence of child undernutrition in rural areas. Our findings add to the current discussion on the critical role of the food environment on nutrition, such as the potential link between economic marginalization and access to food, and the role of food supply channels in consumption of processed foods.
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Jhaveri, Khushali, Anand Krishnan, Devika Kir, Kai Chen, and Suveen Angraal. "Association of food environment and cardiovascular mortality." F1000Research 9 (June 24, 2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22986.1.
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Background: The association between healthy dietary habits and cardiovascular health is well established; however, it is unknown whether access to healthy and sustainable food sources correlates with better cardiovascular mortality. Methods: County-level data on Food Environment Index (FEI) for 2014 was retrieved from the County Health Rankings dataset. County-level data on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality was obtained from the death registry files of the National Vital Statistics System. We used a linear regression model to assess the association between FEI and CVD mortality after adjusting for sex and race distributions, urban-rural distribution and median household income. Results: Data were available for 3069 counties. The mean FEI was 7.0 (SD, 1.2) and mean CVD mortality (per 100,000 population) was 252.7 (95% CI, 247.1-258.3) across the United States in 2014. There was a significant inverse association between FEI and adjusted CVD mortality (P <0.001). Every unit increase in FEI corresponded to a decline in CVD mortality of 19.1 per 100,000 population. Conclusions: Higher FEI correlates with reduced CVD mortality. Improving access to healthy sustainable food sources may help decrease cardiovascular mortality.
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Broome, Matthew R., Eva Zányi, Thomas Hamborg, Elmedin Selmanovic, Silvester Czanner, Max Birchwood, Alan Chalmers, and Swaran P. Singh. "A High-Fidelity Virtual Environment for the Study of Paranoia." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/538185.
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Psychotic disorders carry social and economic costs for sufferers and society. Recent evidence highlights the risk posed by urban upbringing and social deprivation in the genesis of paranoia and psychosis. Evidence based psychological interventions are often not offered because of a lack of therapists. Virtual reality (VR) environments have been used to treat mental health problems. VR may be a way of understanding the aetiological processes in psychosis and increasing psychotherapeutic resources for its treatment. We developed a high-fidelity virtual reality scenario of an urban street scene to test the hypothesis that virtual urban exposure is able to generate paranoia to a comparable or greater extent than scenarios using indoor scenes. Participants (n=32) entered the VR scenario for four minutes, after which time their degree of paranoid ideation was assessed. We demonstrated that the virtual reality scenario was able to elicit paranoia in a nonclinical, healthy group and that an urban scene was more likely to lead to higher levels of paranoia than a virtual indoor environment. We suggest that this study offers evidence to support the role of exposure to factors in the urban environment in the genesis and maintenance of psychotic experiences and symptoms. The realistic high-fidelity street scene scenario may offer a useful tool for therapists.
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Jennings, Derek R., Koushik Paul, Meg M. Little, Daryl Olson, and Michelle D. Johnson-Jennings. "Identifying Perspectives About Health to Orient Obesity Intervention Among Urban, Transitionally Housed Indigenous Children." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 6 (January 31, 2020): 894–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319900164.
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Drawing from a socioecological framework of health, this community-based participatory research study examined key cultural health perspectives of transitionally housed, food insecure Indigenous children (aged 8–12 years) by utilizing talking circles and a 4-day photovoice (PV) curriculum. In total, 18 Indigenous children portrayed their health perceptions by taking photographs of their living environment and categorizing photos as healthy, unhealthy, or mixed. And, 10 of the 18 children completed pre- and post-evaluations, where data elucidated that urban Indigenous children experiencing food and housing insecurity demonstrate unique holistic and socioecological perceptions about health. Healthy themes included nutrition, gardening, interpersonal relationships, food sovereignty, water quality, and natural and built environments. Unhealthy themes included cumulative stress, food insecurity, access and cost, screen time, smoking, and violence. We found that implementing these robust insights into urban Indigenous obesity prevention interventions could significantly drive success. This approach may benefit children with similar socioecological strengths and vulnerabilities.
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Kent, Jennifer, and Susan Thompson. "Health and the Built Environment: Exploring Foundations for a New Interdisciplinary Profession." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/958175.
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The supportive role of the built environment for human health is a growing area of interdisciplinary research, evidence-based policy development, and related practice. Nevertheless, despite closely linked origins, the contemporary professions of public health and urban planning largely operate within the neoliberal framework of academic, political, and policy silos. A reinvigorated relationship between the two is fundamental to building and sustaining an effective “healthy built environment profession.” A recent comprehensive review of the burgeoning literature on healthy built environments identified an emergent theme which we have termed “Professional Development.” This literature relates to the development of relationships between health and built environment professionals. It covers case studies illustrating good practice models for policy change, as well as ways professionals can work to translate research into policy. Intertwined with this empirical research is a dialogue on theoretical tensions emerging as health and built environment practitioners and researchers seek to establish mutual understanding and respect. The nature of evidence required to justify policy change, for example, has surfaced as an area of asynchrony between accepted disciplinary protocols. Our paper discusses this important body of research with a view to initiating and supporting the ongoing development of an interdisciplinary profession of healthy planning.
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Mitkus, Sigitas, and Olga Regina Šostak. "PRESERVATION OF HEALTHY AND HARMONIOUS RESIDENTIAL AND WORK ENVIRONMENT DURING URBAN DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-715x.2009.13.339-357.
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The article discusses densification of fully urbanised territories, which causes deterioration of living conditions for tenants of neighbouring houses (third parties) due to the negative impact of construction on local environment. Specifically, detection of fundamental right violations during territorial planning is in focus, because not only third parties but also future tenants of the house being constructed suffer loss of healthy and harmonious work and recreational environment as a direct result of such violations. A classifier of fundamental right violations during territorial planning was developed for that purpose. The judicial practice was analysed; persons authorised to contest environmental violations under the Law on Administrative Proceedings and the scope of their authorisation were determined. Santruka Nagrinejama, kaip tankinant urbanizuotu teritoriju užstatyma pabloginamos aplinkiniu namu gyventoju (trečiuju asmenu) gyvenimo salygos del neigiamo statybos poveikio vietinei aplinkai. Ypatingas demesys skiriamas esminiu teisiu pažeidimams nustatyti planuojant teritorijas, nes šie pažeidimai daro tiesiogine itaka sveikos ir harmoningos bei ir poilsio aplinkos praradimui ne tik tretiesiems asmenims, bet ir būsimiems naujai statomo namo gyventojams. Tam tikslui sudarytas esminiu teisiu pažeidimu planuojant teritorijas klasifikatorius. Išnagrineta teismu praktika ir nustatyta, kas ir kokia apimtimi gali užginčyti administraciniu bylu teisenos istatymo nustatyta tvarka pažeidimus aplinkosaugos klausimais. Straipsnyje nagrinejamos trečiuju asmenu teisiu i sveika ir harmoninga gyvenamaja bei darbo aplinka išsaugojimo problemos vykdant statybas urbanizuotose teritorijose. Išnagrineta Lietuvos Respublikos trečiuju asmenu teisiu i sveika ir harmoninga gyvenamaja bei darbo aplinka gynimo teismu praktika, aptartas viešojo ir privataus intereso santykis šioje srityje. Nustatyti pagrindiniai galimi pažeidimai planuojant statybas, sudarytas šiu pažeidimu klasifikatorius.
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Choi, Kwangseok. "A Study on the Research Model for Healthy Urban and Architectural Environment." Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15682/jkiha.2013.19.1.035.
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Lis, Anna. "Reduction of air pollution as a basis for a healthy urban environment." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701042.
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The WHO report shows that air in the majority of cities in the world is polluted to a large extent. Air pollution is one of the basic environmental causes of premature deaths in the world. The main source of air pollution in cities is the low emission associated with fuel combustion to generate heat for buildings heating, communication and industry. The existing buildings in Poland are characterized by high energy and, consequently, ecological potential. The aim is to estimate predicted energetic and ecological effects of activities that adapt existing residential buildings to the requirements for the thermal protection of buildings in Poland and presenting the possibility of using renewable energy sources. The energy demand for heating buildings at 60-70 kWh/(m2rok) has been adopted. The calculations show that as a result of this adjustment, the energy demand for heating in residential buildings may decrease by an average of around 67% compared to 2011. Such actions will reduce the overall emissions of air pollution from households by reducing the energy requirement for heating apartments from about 30% to about 67%, depending on the type of pollutant.
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Soltani, Ali, and Ehsan Sharifi. "Understanding and Analysing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in Micro-Scale." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019040102.
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The shortage of vegetation cover alongside urban structures and land hardscape in cities causes an artificial temperature increase in urban environments known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The artificial heat stress in cities has a particular threat for usability and health-safety of outdoor living in public space. Australia may face a likely 3.8°C increase in surface temperature by 2090. Such an increase in temperature will have a severe impact on regional and local climate systems, natural ecosystems, and human life in cities. This paper aims to determine the patterns of the UHI effect in micro-scale of Adelaide metropolitan area, South Australia. The urban near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was measured along a linear east-west cross-section of the metropolitan area via mobile traverse method between 26 July 2013 and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the while the maximum UHI effect occurs at midnight in the central business district (CBD) area in Adelaide, the afternoon urban warmth has more temperature variations (point-to-point variation), especially during the late afternoon when local air temperature is normally in its peak. Thus, critical measurement of heat-health consequences of the UHI effect need to be focused on the afternoon heat stress conditions in UHIs rather than the commonly known night time phenomenon. This mobile traverse urban heat study of Adelaide supports the hypothesis that the UHI effect varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. Classical UHI measurements are commonly performed during the night – when the urban-rural temperature differences are at their maximum. Thus, they fall short in addressing the issue of excess heat stress on human participants. However, having thermally comfortable urban microclimates is a fundamental characteristic of healthy and vibrant public spaces. Therefore, urban planning professionals and decision makers are required to consider diurnal heat stress alongside nocturnal urban heat islands in planning healthy cities. The results of this article show that the diurnal heat stress varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. This study confirms that the maximum urban heat stress occurs during late afternoon when both overall temperature and daily urban warmth are at their peak. Literature indicates that diurnal heat stress peaks in hard-landscapes urban settings while it may decrease in urban parklands and near water bodies. Therefore, urban greenery and surface water can assist achieving more liveable and healthy urban environments (generalisation requires further research). A better understanding of daily urban warmth variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.
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Oliveira, Jose A. Puppim de, Christopher N. H. Doll, José Siri, Magali Dreyfus, Hooman Farzaneh, and Anthony Capon. "Urban governance and the systems approaches to health-environment co-benefits in cities." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, suppl 1 (November 2015): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00010015.
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Abstract The term “co-benefits” refers to positive outcomes accruing from a policy beyond the intended outcome, often or usually in other sectors. In the urban context, policies implemented in particular sectors (such as transport, energy or waste) often generate multiple co-benefits in other areas. Such benefits may be related to the reduction of local or global environmental impacts and also extend into the area of public health. A key to identifying and realising co-benefits is the adoption of systems approaches to understand inter-sectoral linkages and, in particular, the translation of this understanding to improved sector-specific and city governance. This paper reviews a range of policies which can yield health and climate co-benefits across different urban sectors and illustrates, through a series of cases, how taking a systems approach can lead to innovations in urban governance which aid the development of healthy and sustainable cities.
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Li, Gui Yuan, Jing Chen, and Fei Fei Yu. "Explore and Analyse of Urbanization Based on the Residential Environment Scientific Perspective." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2734.
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Urbanization is a necessary phase of development of human being's civilization,which is a combination of social, economic, science, resources and technology.Therefore, the healthy development of urbanization should be based on Sciences of Human Settlements,controlling city size, developing conurbation, optimizing city layout, belancing environmental carrying capacity and the intensity of urban development, highlighting the characteristics of regional resources and industrial structure, protecting regional characteristic.Urbanization has strong complexity and various constraints. The key to development is the coordination of various influencing factors scientificly and rationally, so as to ensure healthy and sustainable development of urban system.
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Wang, Dong Zhou. "Research on the Influence of Urban Environment to Resident Health and the Path of Intervention." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1075.
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In the process of rapid urbanization building, the natural environment pollution threat to the health of residents; on the other hands, the limit living spaces constraints the residents physical activities. Environmental degradation is rooted in the city's extensive development, the powerless regulation of environmental and the weak awareness of environmental. Response to environmental degradation on health effects, we have three active intervention paths: promote the health of urban construction, building green, livable living environment, promote healthy lifestyles.
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Hung, Shih-Han, Wan-Yu Chou, and Chun-Yen Chang. "A Study on Practicing Qigong and Getting Better Health Benefits in Biophilic Urban Green Spaces." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041692.
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In natural spaces, people experience traditional environmental Qi (TEQ), which supports healthy environmental energy flow, and helps them gain an overall improved Qi experience from practicing Qigong. However, what kind of urban green spaces support Qigong? This study provides an analysis that measures TEQ, Qi experience, flow experience, restorative experience, and preference when practicing Qigong in different urban green spaces. A total of 654 valid data points were collected. The results indicate that subjects practicing “breathing” among trees, meadows, and waterscapes perceived higher TEQ, Qi experience, flow experience, and restorative experience, and preferred it to the environment of plazas. In addition, practicing Qigong in environments featuring biophilic elements, such as plants (meadows and trees), elicits flow experience and Qi experience in the built environment. Water, an important biophilic element, also produces better TEQ and restorative experiences, and is preferred by human beings. These results make a connection between Qigong, experiences, and biophilic urban green spaces, and offer suggestions for users to gain health benefits while exercising in urban areas.
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Zhao, Jian Bin, and Xin Zhao. "Study on Planning Strategy of Urban Villages: With Lujiazhuang Urban Village as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2891.
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With the accelerated pace of urban construction, urban area continues to expand and urban village problems are growing more heated. Scientific planning has a major significance to promote a healthy development of urban village transformation. This article describes the urban village problems exist in China from the following four aspects: the policy and management, handling in planning, environment planning, public and municipal service facilities. The writers studied the planning results of Lujiazhuang urban village in Xinfu District, Xinzhou City, and raised planning strategy of urban villages from three aspects: relationship with surrounding functional areas, environment planning of urban villages, improvement of public and municipal service facilities.
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Ma, Yuanyuan, Yunzi Yang, and Hongzan Jiao. "Exploring the Impact of Urban Built Environment on Public Emotions Based on Social Media Data: A Case Study of Wuhan." Land 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090986.
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In the era of public participation in government, public emotions and expectations are important considerations influencing urban construction, planning, and management. A desirable urban environment can make people feel at ease and comfortable and contribute to promoting positive public emotions. However, in the process of rapid urban development, the high-density and overloaded urban built environment has triggered people’s mental tension and anxiety and has contributed to negative emotions. Thus, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution of public emotions and urban built environments in cities and to thoroughly investigate the correlation between urban built environments and public emotions. Considering the lack of dynamic elements analysis and emotions spatial analysis in previous studies, this study takes Wuhan City as an example, uses social media big data as the basis for text emotion analysis, introduces dynamic traffic elements, and establishes a multidimensional urban built environment measurement index system from five aspects: land use, spatial form, road and traffic, green space and open space, and daily life service facilities. Subsequently, the spatial distribution characteristics of public sentiment and urban built environment elements in Wuhan were analyzed. Finally, a geographically weighted regression method was used to analyze the degree of influence of different urban built environment elements on public emotions. The results showed that public emotions in Wuhan are not homogeneously distributed in terms of score and space and that there are significant differences. The urban built environment has a significant influence on public emotions. Higher land use mix, higher road network density, higher number of public transportation facilities, higher number of public open spaces, lower traffic congestion, and impact of freight transportation play important roles in promoting positive emotions. Therefore, in the process of urban construction, planners and decision makers should purposefully improve the quality of the built environment. Measures can include improving the mix of land functions, alleviating traffic congestion, avoiding the negative effects of freight traffic, rationally constructing green and open spaces, and improving various living facilities. This can help contribute toward improving urban functions and urban environments, and promote the construction of a people-oriented healthy city.
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Pineo, Helen, Nici Zimmermann, Ellie Cosgrave, Robert W. Aldridge, Michele Acuto, and Harry Rutter. "Promoting a healthy cities agenda through indicators: development of a global urban environment and health index." Cities & Health 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2018.1429180.
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Ling, Oliver Hoon Leh, Siti Nur Afiqah Mohamed Musthafa, Muhammad Solahuddin Hamzah, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, and Nurul Ashikin Mabahwi. "Health and Physical Activity in Urban Neighbourhoods. Case Study: Shah Alam City, Selangor, Malaysia." Built Environment Journal 17, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v17i2.8438.
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Environmental health is referring to the health of people in relation to environmental quality. Due to rapid urbanisation, more people are living in urban neighbourhoods. Urban planning and design aspects including the neighbourhood environment are potentially affecting the human healthy lifestyle and health condition. Thus, the relationship between Malaysian neighbourhood environmental aspects and human health has become the concern of this research. One of the neighbourhood units in Shah Alam city had been chosen as the study area for this purpose. Questionnaire survey had been carried out to examine the health condition and physical activeness of residents. Besides, the perception of residents on the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects also had been collected in the questionnaire survey. The health condition of residents was measured by non-communicable diseases (NCD) and the physical activeness was measured in duration as well as the frequency of physical exercise activities. The study found that the quality of neighbourhood environmental aspects significantly increased the physical activeness of respondents. The physical activeness was positively associated with human health as measured in NCD (heart diseases and high blood pressure, HBP). It shows that neighbourhood environmental (physical and social) aspects are potentially affecting the healthy life of people living in the neighbourhood.Keywords: Healthy life, Neighbourhood environment, Non-communicable diseases (NCD), Physical activeness, Quality.
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Andreucci, Maria Beatrice, Alessio Russo, and Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. "Designing Urban Green Blue Infrastructure for Mental Health and Elderly Wellbeing." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 6425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226425.
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The main objective of this essay is to illustrate the state-of-the-art on ‘mental health-sensitive’ open space design in the built environment. Urban Green Blue Infrastructure can contribute to urbanites’ mental health and wellbeing as well as healthy aging, while providing co-benefits balancing the negative impacts of climate change, through the provision of integrated ecosystem services. There are a number of ways that exposure to and affiliation with Nature have shown to support mental health, but we are still missing the necessary evidence of the actual benefits achieved, as well as the key performance indicators and metrics to monitor and adapt our open space to the growing urban challenges. After introducing the key concepts of degenerative mental disorders as they are growing in the urban environment, and the emerging green blue infrastructure design approach, the authors present international case studies describing how evidence-based design and Nature-based Solutions have been found to be beneficial, especially to those diagnosed with mental disorders. Subsequently, in a comparative critical analysis, the authors look closer at a number of design solutions capable, at different scales, to support healthy aging through exposure to, and affiliation with, biodiversity.
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Dharmayanti, Ika, Khadijah Azhar, and Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini. "Environment as a Breast Cancer-Causing Factors in Urban Women in Indonesia." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 11 (September 9, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n11p45.
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Environmental influence is one of the important factors in breast cancer incidence because residential and work environments may be potential for breast cancer outcomes. This study aimed to determine residential and workplace environments with the occurrence of women breast cancer in urban areas in Indonesia. This study used data from Non-Communicable Disease (NCD Research) in 2016 which covered 34 provinces in Indonesia. There were 38,790 people to measure the occurrence of breast cancer in women aged 25–64 years. The sample was women who were willing to be interviewed and to conduct clinical breast examinations (Sadanis). The analysis was aimed at finding out the correlation between exposure, residential environment, and workplaces with the occurrence of breast tumor/cancer. The results showed that the risk of breast cancer in women who worked in risky workplaces from the normal state was 1.96 times higher than women who worked in non-risky workplaces (OR=1.96; 95% CI= 1.41 to 2.7; p<0.001). Suspected of tumor/cancer in the residential areas are inversely proportional to those not living close to the mining location (OR=0.86; 95% CI= 0.77 to 0.97; p<0.001). These findings suggest the important role of the environment in breast cancer incidence. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a healthy lifestyle, both physically and spiritually, and provide regular health screening.
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Qiao, Li Li, Wei Wang, Jian Zhang, Yong Kai Hu, Hai Yan Gu, Shang Lu He, and Feng Ping Zhan. "Analysis of the Development Environment of Urban Intelligent Transportation Systems." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.189.
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Researching the development environment (DE) of urban intelligent transportation systems (UITS) can help achieve their healthy and orderly development. This article is based on the development demands of the UITS and gives a summary of the development opportunities and challenges. The analysis shows that the UITS possesses a favorable DE. National and local governments establish a range of policies to promote its development. The existing information facilities and information technology provide powerful support. However, UITS also faces a series of challenges, including management mechanisms, industrial development, availability of capital, and standards.
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Storr, Ryan, Julia Carins, and Sharyn Rundle-Thiele. "Assessing Support for Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups: A Comparison of Urban Food Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071135.
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Individuals from lower-socio-economic status (SES) communities have increased risk of developing obesity in developed countries such as Australia. Given the influence of the environment on dietary behaviour, this paper seeks to examine food environments in areas of differing social advantage. An established measurement tool (the NEMS—Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey), that captures aspects of support for healthy eating within restaurants (NEMS-R) and grocery/convenience stores (NEMS-S), was applied to both a high-SES and a low-SES suburb within Brisbane, Australia. The study found a significantly more supportive restaurant food environment in the high-SES suburb, with greater access to and availability of healthful foods, as well as facilitators for, reduced barriers to, and substantially more nutrition information for healthful eating. A higher number of outlets were found in the high-SES suburb, and later opening times were also observed. Overall, the results from stores (NEMS-S) suggest poor support for healthful eating across both suburbs. This study highlights how food environments in low-SES regions continue to be less supportive of healthful eating. Public health strategies must move beyond individual-focused strategies to ensure that our most disadvantaged, low-SES communities have an equal opportunity to access healthful foods.
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Mansor, Mazlina, and Nor Zalina Harun. "Health Issues and Green Space as Reinforcement for a Healthy Lifestyle in Malaysia." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 3, no. 9 (July 20, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v5i18.87.
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A rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is predominantly due to unhealthy urban lifestyle such as work stress, being sedentary and unhealthy eating habits. This paper identifies health issues in Malaysia, and it reviews preventive measures to make people aware of the importance of healthy living. The paper contends that green space is beneficial, which encourage people to make good choices about their health. It reviews researches that show that green space supports greater outdoor activities and influence healthy behaviors of city residents. Thus, green space is a significant health promotion agenda that improves the urban quality of life.
Keywords: Health issues; awareness; green space; health promotion.
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Kopytenkova, Olga L., A. V. Levanchuk, and V. V. Ryabets. "Hygienic aspects of evaluating the process of creating a comfortable urban environment." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 6 (July 29, 2020): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-551-556.
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Introduction. The national programs focus on solving social and economic problems. At the same time, the hygienic characteristics of the urban environment that determine living conditions are not fully included in the documents regulating the formation of the urban environment. Materials and methods. The paper provides a content analysis of the current normative and methodological literature recommended for use in assessing the “formation of a comfortable urban environment” in Russian localities.Results. Currently, existing methods for assessing the “comfort of the urban environment” (methodology for forming the urban environment quality index dated March 23, 2019, No. 510-R) and “quality of the urban living environment” (methodology for assessing the quality of the urban living environment dated September 9, 2013, 371) are not suitable for determining the development strategy of the country’s territories because the assessment procedure does not include key hygienic indices of the comfort of the natural environment and living conditions of the population, which allow citizens to meet housing needs and ensure a high quality of life in General, including the birth of healthy children, maintaining the health of the adult population and preventing premature mortality.Conclusion. The urban environment integrates a variety of inter-level relations of various types (economic, social, cultural, etc.). It is intended to study it as a multi-level structure, for this purpose, it is necessary to use a hierarchical approach. To implement this approach, it is recommended to take into account the indices of various groups that affect the comfort of the urban environment and are directly related to the hygienic characteristics of the territory: A-climatogeographic; B-demographic; C-social; D-economic; E - urban planning; F - indices of transport infrastructure; G-environmental quality indices.
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Yu, Fei Fei, Yun An Yang, Hui Li, and Fei Xiang. "Sustainable Design on Urban Landscape." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.100.
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Puting forward the idea of sustainable development into the urban landscape design, it can reduce the huge pressure the urban environment suffers from, get ecological, social, economic multiple benefits. Exploring design principles and methods of sustainable landscape from land use, landscape materials, engineering technology, ecological system, maintenance and management of landscape and other aspects, then providing the reference for the healthy development of cities and urban landscape.
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Pascucci, Mary Ann. "The Revival of Placemaking." Creative Nursing 21, no. 4 (2015): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.21.4.200.
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Placemaking is both a philosophy and a process that brings the past alive in the present by using many disciplines to enhance the environment and meet the needs of the community, however defined by its citizens. A healthy environment is a necessary part of the process of placemaking, whether the place is a neighborhood, city, or nation. A mandate of urban designers should be to bring together many disciplines to engage in planning a healthy, inviting community. Community health nurses should be major players in this coalition. This article reviews the current thinking about placemaking and the role of the community health nurse.
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Kang, HaeLi, Dong Ha Kim, and Seunghyun Yoo. "Attributes of Perceived Bikeability in a Compact Urban Neighborhood Based on Qualitative Multi-Methods." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 3738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193738.
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Cycling provides opportunities to promote healthy and sustainable cities. However, few studies examine cyclists’ perceived attributes of a bicycle-friendly environment in relation to compact urban contexts. This study explored the attributes of perceived bikeability and urban context related to the cycling experience in Seoul, Korea. Purposive sampling with public recruitment and a snowball technique was used to recruit twenty-two cyclists and three bicycle-related community service providers from a bikeable environment. Qualitative multi-methods, including semi-structured interviews and bicycle tours with a GPS device, were adopted. The main themes of perceived bikeability were derived through thematic analysis. Cyclists perceived the attributes of a bicycle-friendly physical environment as essential components of bikeability. In urban environments where cycling is not yet recognized as the main transportation mode, internal conflict among cyclists and external conflicts between cyclists and other transportation users were evident. A supportive community system included developing an appropriate environment, providing information, and expanding riding opportunities. A bicycle-friendly culture accumulated over a long period influenced the initiation and maintenance of cycling and contributed to a more bikeable community environment. Cyclists’ attitude, behaviors, and perceived environment differed according to purpose. Policy, system, and environmental changes are required to promote cycling in compact urban contexts.