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1
Barnett, Megan, Alisha L. Jones, and Erin Westbrook. "Acceptable Noise Levels Determined by Traditional and Self-Assessed Methods." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 01 (January 2021): 003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1719092.
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AbstractBackground Many apps have been developed for users to screen their hearing in their own home. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and efficiency of a self-assessed acceptable noise level (ANL) in comparison to the traditional ANL measurements.Research Design A within-subject repeated measures research design was utilized.Data Collection and Analysis Sixty-two adults with normal hearing were recruited from Auburn University and the surrounding community. ANLs were measured utilizing the traditional measurement as well as the self-assessed ANL via the Unitron uHear app.Results Within-subject repeated measures of variance revealed no significant differences between traditional ANL measurements and self-assessed ANL measurements. Significant differences were found for time required for testing in each condition, revealing self-assessed testing to be significantly faster.Conclusion The self-assessed ANL measurement via the Unitron uHear app is a valid and efficient measurement of ANL in adults with normal hearing.
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Miller, Vanessa L., Michael Stewart, and Mark Lehman. "Noise Exposure Levels for Student Musicians." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2007.4034.
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Twenty-seven student musicians were surveyed regarding musical practice and playing habits, knowledge of hearing conservation practices, use of hearing protective devices (HPD), and the occurrence of tinnitus after exposure to loud music. In addition, noise exposure levels during practice and sporting events (football and basketball games) at which they played were monitored with a dosimeter simultaneously set to measure noise levels using the OSHA (1983) and NIOSH (1998) measurement criteria. Forty-eight percent of the subjects reported practicing or playing their instrument <10 hours a week. Most musicians (74%) reported having been taught about the effects of noise on hearing and health; however, less than a third used ear protection while playing their instruments, and those who did used it inconsistently. Sixty-three percent of subjects reported experiencing tinnitus after exposure to loud music. Finally, 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) and daily noise doses were significantly higher using the NIOSH measurement criteria than the OSHA measurement criteria. Both measurement criteria yielded values that exceeded a 100% daily noise dose for all subjects. Overall, these results indicate that university student directors and musicians appear to be at high risk for permanent noise-induced hearing loss secondary to excessive exposure to loud music. These results support the need for on-going hearing conservation programs to educate student musicians and student directors about the dangers of excessive exposure to loud music.
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Kim, Heeyoung, Young Hae Chung, and Yun Hee Kim. "Nursing Students' Hearing Levels and Blood Pressure Measurement Accuracy*." Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing 23, no. 3 (August 30, 2016): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2016.23.3.275.
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Mueller, Gustav H., and Ruth A. Bentler. "Fitting Hearing Aids Using Clinical Measures of Loudness Discomfort Levels: An Evidence-Based Review of Effectiveness." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, no. 07 (July 2005): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.7.6.
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Clinical measurement of the loudness discomfort level (LDL) historically has been part of the hearing aid fitting procedure, and this clinical practice remains popular today. LDL measurements also are recommended in contemporary hearing aid fitting protocols. Yet, surveys show that many hearing aid users are dissatisfied with the loudness of their hearing aids. In this evidence-based review article, we evaluate the effectiveness of clinical LDL measurements. Specifically, we asked the question "Are the clinical measurements of LDL for adult patients predictive of aided acceptance and satisfaction of loudness for high inputs in the real world?" Nearly 200 articles were reviewed; three met the criteria set forth in this review. The evidence supported using unaided LDLs for selecting the maximum real-ear output of hearing aids. No study using aided LDLs or aided loudness verification met the criteria. The level of the evidence for the three articles using unaided LDLs was low; no higher than Level 4. The limited number of studies, the level of evidence, and the statistical power of the studies prevents us from making a strong recommendation concerning the clinical use of LDL measures. Additional research in this area, especially research employing randomized controlled trials would be a useful addition to this body of literature.
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McIlvaine, Devon, Michael Stewart, and Robert Anderson. "Noise Exposure Levels for Musicians During Rehearsal and Performance Times." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2012.1006.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine daily noise doses and 8-hour time weighted averages for rock band musicians, crew members, and spectators during a typical rehearsal and performance using both Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) measurement criteria. DESIGN: Personal noise dosimetry was completed on five members of a rock band during one 2-hr rehearsal and one 4-hr performance. Time-weighted averages (TWA) and daily dose values were calculated using both OSHA and NIOSH criteria and compared to industry guidelines for enrollment in hearing conservation programs and the use of hearing protection devices. RESULTS: TWA values ranged from 84.3 to 90.4 dBA (OSHA) and from 90.0 to 96.4 dBA (NIOSH) during the rehearsal. The same values ranged from 91.0 to 99.7 dBA (OSHA) and 94.0 to 102.8 dBA (NIOSH) for the performance. During the rehearsal, daily noise doses ranged from 45.54% to 106.7% (OSHA) and from 317.74% to 1396.07% (NIOSH). During the performance, doses ranged from 114.66% to 382.49% (OSHA) and from 793.31% to 5970.15% (NIOSH). CONCLUSIONS: The musicians in this study were exposed to dangerously high levels of noise and should be enrolled in a hearing conservation programs. Hearing protection devices should be worn, especially during performances. The OSHA measurement criteria yielded values significantly more conservative than those produced by NIOSH criteria. Audiologists should counsel musician-patients about the hazards of excessive noise (music) exposure and how to protect their hearing.
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Wolfe, Jace, Rene Gifford, and Erin Schafer. "Measurement of the Electrically Evoked Stapedial Reflex Response with Wideband Acoustic Reflectance Measurement." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 04 (April 2018): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16176.
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AbstractThe electrically evoked stapedial reflex threshold (ESRT) has been shown to be a good predictor of upper stimulation level for cochlear implant recipients. Previous research has shown that the ESRT may be recorded at lower stimulation levels and with a higher incidence of success with the use of higher frequency probe tones (e.g., 678 and 1000 Hz) relative to the use of the conventional 226-Hz probe tone. Research has also shown that the acoustic reflex may be recorded at lower stimulus levels with the use of wideband reflectance when compared to the acoustic reflex threshold recorded with a conventional acoustic immittance measurement.The objective of this study was to compare the ESRT recorded with acoustic immittance and wideband reflectance measurements.A repeated measures design was used to evaluate potential differences in ESRTs with stimulation at an apical, middle, and basal electrode contact with the use of two different techniques, acoustic immittance measurement and wideband reflectance.Twelve users of Cochlear Nucleus cochlear implants were included in the study.Participants’ ESRTs were evaluated in response to simulation at three different electrode contact sites (i.e., an apical, middle, and basal electrode contact) with the use of two different middle ear measurement techniques, acoustic immittance with the use of a 226-Hz probe tone and wideband reflectance with the use of a chirp stimulus.The mean ESRT recorded with wideband reflectance measurement was significantly lower when compared to the ESRT recorded with acoustic immittance. For one participant, the ESRT was not recorded with acoustic immittance before reaching the participant’s loudness discomfort threshold, but it was successfully recorded with the use of wideband reflectanceThe ESRT may potentially be recorded at lower presentation levels with the use of wideband reflectance measures relative to the use of acoustic immittance with a 226-Hz probe tone. This may allow for the ESRT to be obtained at levels that are more comfortable for the cochlear implant recipient, which may also allow for a higher incidence in the successful recording of the ESRT.
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Tandon, N. "Firecrackers Noise." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 34, no. 5 (May 2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/09574560360698156.
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Fireworks are used all over the world to celebrate special occasions. Noise produced by firecrackers that are used to celebrate these occasions has been highlighted. This impulse type of noise can cause hearing damage. Noise measurements of firecrackers show that they produce high sound pressure peak levels. Typical firecracker impulse noise levels are given. Noise limits and measurement methods used for the fireworks in some countries are presented.
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Kiessling, Jürgen, Melanie Leifholz, Steffen Unkel, Jörn Pons-Kühnemann, Charlotte Thunberg Jespersen, and Jenny Nesgaard Pedersen. "A Comparison of Conventional and In-Situ Audiometry on Participants with Varying Levels of Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 01 (January 2015): 068–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.1.8.
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Background: In-situ audiometry is a hearing aid feature that enables the measurement of hearing threshold levels through the hearing instrument using the built-in sound generator and the hearing aid receiver. This feature can be used in hearing aid fittings instead of conventional pure-tone audiometry (PTA), particularly in places where no standard audiometric equipment is available. Differences between conventional and in-situ thresholds are described and discussed for some particular hearing aids. No previous investigation has measured and compared these differences for a number of current hearing aid models by various manufacturers across a wide range of hearing losses. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a model-based comparison of conventionally and in-situ measured hearing thresholds. Data were collected for a range of hearing aid devices to study and generalize the effects that may occur under clinical conditions. Research Design: Research design was an experimental and regression study. Study Sample: A total of 30 adults with sensorineural hearing loss served as test persons. They were assigned to three subgroups of 10 subjects with mild (M), moderate to severe (MS), and severe (S) sensorineural hearing loss. Intervention: All 30 test persons underwent both conventional PTA and in-situ audiometry with four hearing aid models by various manufacturers. Data Collection and Analysis: The differences between conventionally and in-situ measured hearing threshold levels were calculated and evaluated by an exploratory data analysis followed by a sophisticated statistical modeling process. Results: At 500 and 1500 Hz, almost all threshold differences (conventional PTA minus in-situ data) were negative, i.e., in the low to mid frequencies, hearing loss was overestimated by most devices relative to PTA. At 4000 Hz, the majority of differences (7 of 12) were positive, i.e., in the frequency range above 1500 Hz, hearing loss was frequently underestimated. As hearing loss increased (M→MS→S), the effect of the underestimation decreased. At 500 and 1500 Hz, Resound devices showed the smallest threshold deviations, followed by Phonak, Starkey, and Oticon instruments. At 4000 Hz, this observed pattern partly disappeared and Starkey and Oticon devices showed a reversed effect with increasing hearing loss (M→MS→S). Because of high standard errors for the estimates, only a few explicit rankings of the devices could be established based on significant threshold differences (5% level). Conclusions: Differences between conventional PTA and in-situ threshold levels may be attributed to (1) frequency, (2) device/hearing loss, and (3) calibration/manufacturer effects. Frequency effects primarily resulting in an overestimation of hearing loss by in-situ audiometry in the low and mid frequencies are mainly due to sound drain-off through vents and leaks. Device/hearing loss effects may be due to leakage as well as boundary effects because in-situ audiometry is confined to a limited measurement range. Finally, different calibration approaches may result in different offset levels between PTA and in-situ audiometry calibration. In some cases, the observed threshold differences of up to 10–15 dB may translate to varied hearing aid fittings for the same user depending on how hearing threshold levels were measured.
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Couth, Samuel, Naadia Mazlan, David R. Moore, Kevin J. Munro, and Piers Dawes. "Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors." Trends in Hearing 23 (January 2019): 233121651988557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519885571.
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High levels of occupational noise exposure increase the risk of hearing difficulties and tinnitus. However, differences in demographic, health, and lifestyle factors could also contribute to high levels of hearing difficulties and tinnitus in some industries. Data from a subsample ( n = 22,936) of the U.K. Biobank were analyzed to determine to what extent differences in levels of hearing difficulties and tinnitus in high-risk industries (construction, agricultural, and music) compared with low-risk industries (finance) could be attributable to demographic, health, and lifestyle factors, rather than occupational noise exposure. Hearing difficulties were identified using a digits-in-noise speech recognition test. Tinnitus was identified based on self-report. Logistic regression analyses showed that occupational noise exposure partially accounted for higher levels of hearing difficulties in the agricultural industry compared with finance, and occupational noise exposure, older age, low socioeconomic status, and non-White ethnic background partially accounted for higher levels of hearing difficulties in the construction industry. However, the factors assessed in the model did not fully account for the increased likelihood of hearing difficulties in high-risk industries, suggesting that there are additional unknown factors which impact on hearing or that there was insufficient measurement of factors included in the model. The levels of tinnitus were greatest for music and construction industries compared with finance, and these differences were accounted for by occupational and music noise exposure, as well as older age. These findings emphasize the need to promote hearing conservation in occupational and music settings, with a particular focus on high-risk demographic subgroups.
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Bauch, Christopher D., Susan G. Lynn, Donald E. Williams, Michael W. Mellon, and Amy L. Weaver. "Tinnitus Impact: Three Different Measurement Tools." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 14, no. 04 (April 2003): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715725.
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The impact of tinnitus and overall levels of distress were measured with three assessment tools for patients with tinnitus. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and an activities limitations questionnaire were administered to 53 audiology patients reporting tinnitus. Forty-three percent of these patients experienced either quality of life reductions associated with tinnitus, substantial perceived handicap, and/or a high level of distress. Results from the General Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90-R indicated that 25% of these patients displayed distress greater than that of the general medical population. The SCL-90-R can be a useful tool for audiologists working with tinnitus patients in assessing needs for referral for psychological or psychiatric counseling.
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Pride, Jodee A., and David R. Cunningham. "Early Evidence of Cochlear Damage in a Large Sample of Percussionists." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2005.3027.
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Percussionists can be exposed to intermittent sound stimuli that exceed 145 dB SPL, although damage may occur to the outer hair cells at levels of 120 dB SPL. The present study measured distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in a group of 86 normal-hearing percussionists and 39 normal-hearing nonpercussionists. Results indicate that normal-hearing percussionists have lower DPOAE amplitudes than normal-hearing nonpercussionists. DPOAE amplitudes were significantly lower at 6000 Hz in both the left and right ears for percussionists. Percussionists also more frequently had absent DPOAEs, with the greatest differences occurring at 6000 Hz (absent DPOAEs in 25% of percussionists vs 10% of nonpercussionists). When all frequencies are considered as a group, 33% of the percussionists had an absent DPOAE in either ear at some frequency, compared to only 23% of the nonpercussionists. Otoacoustic emissions are more sensitive to outer hair cell damage than pure-tone threshold measurements and can serve as an important measurement of sensory loss (i.e., outer hair cell damage) in musicians before the person perceives the hearing loss. DPOAE monitoring for musicians, along with appropriate education and intervention, might help prevent or minimize music-induced hearing loss.
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Demir, Mehmet, and Sedat Aydin. "The Effect of the Cholesterol Levels on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 22, no. 01 (April 28, 2017): 019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602774.
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Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), which is one of the most common occupational diseases among industrialized populations, is associated with longstanding exposure to high levels of noise. The pathogenesis of NIHL is not clear, but some genes and their activity at the tissue level have been investigated. Hypercholesterolemia, which can disturb the microcirculation, can be one of the underlying pathologies in hearing loss. Objective To investigate the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. Methods The study group was selected among workers who had an occupational exposure of 85 dB of noise for at least 10 years. The audiologic assessment was recorded at seven frequencies (500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 3,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz, 6,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz). A total of 456 workers were included in the study and divided into two groups: the control group (252 patients) and the NIHL group (204 patients). After the audiologic measurement, blood samples were taken and investigated for blood cholesterol levels. According to these results, the groups were compared. Results Both groups were similarly distributed regarding age and occupational exposure time (p > 0.05). We could not detect any association between cholesterol levels and noise-induced hearing loss (p < 0.05). According to logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios are not significant for both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (p > 0.05). Conclusion Noise-induced hearing loss is still a common occupational problem that can be prevented by hearing conservation programs and occupational health and safety training. Still, we know little about the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. According to our findings, we cannot detect any relationship. Controlled studies and studies with human individuals can be made possible in the future with diagnostic innovations in tissue imaging and tissue microcircular sampling.
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Keegan, Nora Louise. "Children who say hand dryers ‘hurt my ears’ are correct: A real-world study examining the loudness of automated hand dryers in public places." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, no. 4 (June 17, 2019): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxz046.
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Abstract Introduction Previous research has suggested that hand dryers may operate at dangerously loud levels for adults. No research has explored whether they operate at a safe level for children’s hearing. Children’s ears are more sensitive to damage from loud sounds than adult ears. Health Canada prohibits the sale of toys with peak loudness greater than 100 dB. This study tested installed dryers in public washrooms to see if they were safe for children’s hearing. Methods Forty-four hand dryers in public washrooms were each measured for peak sound levels in a standardized fashion, including at children’s ear canal heights. Each dryer was measured at 10 different combinations of heights and distances from the wall, and with and without hands in the air stream coming from the hand dryer, for a total of 20 measurements per dryer. Results Xlerator units performed the loudest, with all being louder than 100 dBA at all measurements whenever hands were in the airstream. Several Dyson Airblade models were also very loud, including the single loudest measurement of 121 dBA. While some other units operated at low sound levels, many units were louder at children’s ear heights than at adult ear heights. Discussion Many dryers operated much louder than their manufacturers claimed, usually greater than 100 dBA (the maximum allowable noise level for products/toys meant for children). Conclusion This study suggests that many hand dryers operate at levels far louder than their manufacturers claim and at levels that are clearly dangerous to children’s hearing.
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Diong, Huey Ting, Richard Neitzel, and William Hal Martin. "Spatial evaluation of environmental noise with the use of participatory sensing system in Singapore." Noise Mapping 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0019.
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Abstract Existing studies in Singapore on environmental noise are scarce and limited in scale due to the need for expensive equipment and sophisticated modelling expertise. This study presents the approach of using participatory sensing and mobile phones to monitor environmental sound levels around Singapore. iPhones running the AmbiCiti application was adopted to sample equivalent continuous 30-second average outdoor sound levels (LAeq ,30 sec). The aggregated mean of each region was evaluated and the spatial distribution of environmental noise was analysed using noise maps generated from the measurement data. A total of 18,768 LAeq ,30 sec measurements were collected over ten weeks. About 93.6% of the daytime measurements (07:00 – 19:00) exceeded the WHO recommended level of 55 dBA to minimise negative non-auditory health effects due to noise. The results of this study suggest that the population of Singapore is potentially at risk of adverse non-auditory health effects and, to a lesser extent, hearing loss due to community noise levels. However, the measurements exceeding 70 dBA were frequent enough to warrant concern about contributions to the cumulative lifetime sound exposure contributing to hearing loss. The work also demonstrates that sound maps of an area can be efficiently generated using calibrated applications running on smart phones.
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Beattie, Randall C., and Robyn L. Boyd. "Relationship between Pure-Tone and Speech Loudness Discomfort Levels among Hearing-Impaired Subjects." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 51, no. 2 (May 1986): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5102.120.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how accurately pure-tone (250–6000 Hz) loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) predict speech (CID Test W-22) LDLs. One ear was tested in each of 50 elderly subjects with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The results revealed poor-to-fair correlations (r = 0.00 to 0.42) and large standard errors of estimate ( 9.5 dB). Thus, it was concluded that pure-tone LDLs are not accurate predictors of the speech LDL, and, if the clinician wants to ascertain the upper intensity for listening to speech, this measurement must be made directly.
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Hussain, Timon, Carol Chou, Erika Zettner, Peter Torre, Stefan Hans, Johannes Gauer, Marius Markgraf, and Quyen T. Nguyen. "Early Indication of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young Adult Users of Personal Listening Devices." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 10 (July 28, 2018): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418790284.
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Objectives: The recent integration of portable music players into cell phones has further increased the use of personal listening devices (PLD) among young adults, raising concerns about potentially hazardous effects on hearing. Methods: Assessment of young adults’ hearing ability and listening preferences by subjective and objective measurement. Young adult users of PLDs (n = 50; 30 females, 20 males; mean age = 24.1 ± 4.2 years; average PLD use = 6.1 ± 2.1 years) were included. Subjective assessment of listening preferences was performed via a questionnaire as well as objective assessment of preferred volume levels in different background noise environments and hearing tests. Results: Preferred volume levels were significantly correlated with hearing thresholds. Most participants exhibited safe listening behavior according to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health criteria. We identified a substantial high-risk subgroup of PLD users (22% of participants, daily use ⩾2 h at ⩾91 dB) in which pure tone audiometry showed increased hearing thresholds at 4000 and 6000 Hz, potentially indicating an early manifestation of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Conclusions: These findings suggest that preventive measures may be warranted to prevent a future increase of clinically relevant NIHL among heavy users of PLDs.
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Almeida, Tamara R., Clayton H. Rocha, Camila M. Rabelo, Raquel F. Gomes, Ivone F. Neves-Lobo, and Alessandra Giannella Samelli. "Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 2016–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00053.
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Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435
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Purnami, Nyilo, Anita Nuraini, and Bakti Surarso. "The correlation between plasma reactive oxygen species and hearing threshold levels in presbycusis patients." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 49, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v49i1.291.
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Background: Presbycusis is a hearing loss due to the degeneration process in elderly people of 65 years old and beyond, characterized by a decrease in hearing sensitivity in both ears. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are assumed to have an important role in the pathogenesis of presbycusis. Purpose: To find out the correlation between ROS levels in plasma and hearing threshold levels in presbycusis patients. Method: The design was cross sectional and conducted at the Outpatient Clinic of Neurotology Division, Geriatric Clinic, Clinical Pathology Installation, and Central Installation of Biomaterials Network Bank of Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling for audiometric examination and measurement of ROS levels in plasma. Results: Fifty samples were collected, ROS levels in plasma were found with mean (SD) of 2.46 ng/ml (0.84). The mean hearing threshold level was 47.70 dB (12.42). The Pearson statistical test revealed a significant correlation between ROS levels in plasma and hearing threshold levels, with p=0.003 (p<0.05), and the correlation coefficient (r) 0.41. Conclusion: There was a correlation between ROS in plasma and hearing threshold levels in presbycusis patients, with a significant moderate-positive correlation pattern. It indicated that the higher the ROS levels in plasma, the higher the hearing threshold levels in presbycusis patients. Latar belakang: Presbikusis adalah gangguan pendengaran akibat proses degenerasi yang dijumpai pada usia 65 tahun atau lebih, ditandai oleh penurunan kepekaan pendengaran pada kedua telinga. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) diduga mempunyai peran penting pada patogenesis presbikusis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar ROS dalam plasma dengan nilai ambang dengar pada penderita presbikusis. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dilakukan di Unit Rawat Jalan (URJ) THT-KL Divisi Neurotologi, URJ Geriatri, Instalasi Patologi Klinik, dan Instalasi Pusat Biomaterial Bank Jaringan RSUD Dr. Soetomo. Sampel diambil secara consecutive sampling. Diperoleh 50 sampel untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri dan pengukuran kadar ROS dalam plasma. Hasil: Kadar ROS dalam plasma didapatkan hasil rerata (SD) 2,46 ng/ml (0,84). Nilai ambang dengar didapatkan hasil rerata (SD) 47,70 dB (12,42). Hasil uji statistik dengan korelasi Pearson terhadap kadar ROS dalam plasma dan nilai ambang dengar didapatkan hasil koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,41 dan p=0,003 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kadar ROS dalam plasma dengan nilai ambang dengar pada penderita presbikusis dengan pola hubungan bersifat positif-sedang yang signifikan, yang berarti semakin tinggi kadar ROS dalam plasma, semakin tinggi nilai ambang dengar.
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Broekhof, Evelien, Maartje Kouwenberg, Paul Oosterveld, Johan H. M. Frijns, and Carolien Rieffe. "Use of the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Adolescents." Assessment 27, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191117725169.
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No assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while these self-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social and behavioral problems in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire (BSGQ) in DHH children. In addition, we examined associations of shame and guilt with social anxiety, self-esteem, delinquency, and psychopathic behaviors. A sum of 225 hearing ( Mage = 11.62 years) and 108 DHH ( Mage = 11.82 years) participants completed the self-report BSGQ. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (i.e., shame and guilt) of the BSGQ in the DHH group. Measurement invariance was established across both groups. However, the DHH group reported lower levels of self-conscious emotions in comparison with the hearing group. The BSGQ showed good concurrent validity, where shame was associated with higher levels of social anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem, and guilt was associated with lower levels of delinquency and psychopathic behavior in both groups. Future research should investigate the potential behavioral consequences of lower reported levels of self-conscious emotions in DHH youth.
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Husstedt, Hendrik, Jannine Kreyenhagen, Laura Langhof, Steffen Kreikemeier, Florian Denk, Simone Wollermann, and Marlitt Frenz. "Using the phase inversion method and loudness comparisons for the evaluation of noise reduction algorithms in hearing aids." Acta Acustica 5 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2021036.
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The phase inversion method, a technical measurement procedure, is often used to evaluate the performance of noise reduction algorithms in hearing aids. However, a detailed comparison of these technical measurements with the perceived loudness is missing. Therefore, commercially available hearing aids of six different manufacturers were evaluated technically and in a study with 18 normal-hearing listeners. First, the output signals of the hearing aids with and without activated noise reduction were recorded in a test box. Then, the test subjects evaluated the perceived loudness of these recordings within multiple two alternative forced choice (2-AFC) tasks. During one task, the test subjects had to focus either on the speech or noise signal and were asked to select the louder of two signals, which both contained a mixture of speech and noise. These results provide not only the perceived SNR but also the perceived speech and noise levels. Comparing the results of the 2-AFC tasks and the phase inversion method basically shows good agreement. Nevertheless, a simple computation of the sound pressure level can lead to significant deviations. Therefore, another possibility for the analysis of the results of the phase inversion method to better match the perceived loudness is presented.
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Santucci, Michael. "Protecting Musicians from Hearing Damage: A Review of Evidence-based Research." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2009.3023.
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The great irony of being a musician is that the sound produced—the very essence of the musical experience—represents a long-term health risk to the artist. This overview examines the lack of sufficient evidence-based studies on this at-risk population, which is particularly important in light of the low level of compliance to hearing-loss prevention programs among musicians. The review explores the number of musicians at risk, the five most common types of hearing loss affecting them, and the necessary components of a hearing-loss prevention program, including measurement, education, and acoustic modifications to the work environment. Hearing protection devices designed specifically for performing musicians are explored in depth, including the proper use of spectrum-neutral high-fidelity earplugs with in-ear monitoring systems as tools to control sound levels without detracting from the quality of musical performance.
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Baiduc, Rachael R., and Sumitrajit Dhar. "Exploring Optimal Stimulus Frequency Ratio for Measurement of the Quadratic f 2 –f 1 Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission in Humans." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 1794–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-17-0349.
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Purpose Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are a by-product of active cochlear processes that lead to the compressive nonlinearity of healthy ears. The most commonly studied emission is at the frequency 2f 1 –f 2 , but there has been recent interest in using the quadratic distortion product at the frequency f 2 –f 1 to detect cochleopathies including endolymphatic hydrops. Before the DPOAE at f 2 –f 1 can be applied clinically in any capacity, optimal stimulus parameters for its elicitation must be established. Method We investigated stimulus parameters for the DPOAEs at f 2 –f 1 and 2f 1 –f 2 in 23 adults with normal hearing. Logarithmically swept tones between approximately 0.6 and 20 kHz (L 1 = L 2 = 70 dB SPL) served as the higher frequency stimulus (f 2 ). DPOAEs were measured for 6 f 2 /f 1 ratios: 1.14, 1.18, 1.22, 1.30, 1.32, and 1.36. Results Both DPOAEs were consistently measurable. In line with previous investigations, the highest levels of the DPOAE at 2f 1 –f 2 were generated between f 2 /f 1 ratios of 1.14–1.22, with a peak in the level ratio function at 1.22. In contrast, f 2 –f 1 was less influenced by ratio, although the narrowest ratio (1.14) produced slightly higher levels across frequency. Conclusion The DPOAE at f 2 –f 1 is measurable in individuals with normal hearing up to f 2 of 20 kHz at narrow f 2 /f 1 ratios. Measurements at additional stimulus levels and in subjects with hearing impairment will be needed before clinical implementation.
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Xia, Liang, Jingjing Liu, Yuanyuan Sun, Haibo Shi, Guang Yang, Yanmei Feng, and Shankai Yin. "Rosiglitazone Improves Glucocorticoid Resistance in a Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Promoting MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression." Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (May 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7915730.
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In this study, we investigated the role of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and rosiglitazone (RSG) in glucocorticoid resistance and glucocorticoid sensitivity, respectively, using a guinea pig model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). The pigs were divided into control, LPS, LPS+dexamethasone (DEX), LPS+RSG, and LPS+DEX+RSG groups. Their hearing was screened by auditory brainstem response measurement. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the location of MKP-1 in the inner ear. The expression levels of MKP-1 and the related proteins in the inner ear were detected using western blotting. The morphological changes in the cochlea were observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Severe hearing loss was observed in the LPS group, as opposed to the protection from hearing loss observed in the LPS+DEX+RSG group. A positive correlation was observed between MKP-1 expression levels and protection from hearing loss. RSG and DEX synergistically influenced inner ear inflammation. In conclusion, resistance of LPS-induced SSHL guinea pig models to glucocorticoids may result from impaired MKP-1 function in inner ear tissues, induced by glucocorticoids, impairing the inhibition of inflammation. Our findings present novel targets to develop potential therapeutics to treat inflammatory diseases of the inner ear.
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Ramos, Flávia Elisa Antunes Lemes de Oliveira, Adriana Bender Moreira de Lacerda, and Evelyn Joice Albizu. "Workers of the hospital maintenance sector: protection, hearing symptoms and noise exposure." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 4 (August 2018): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620182040117.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the use of hearing protection and symptoms in hospital maintenance workers and evaluate the noise level of the machines. Methods: a cross-sectional quantitative study held with workers from a public hospital maintenance service. A questionnaire related to personal, clinical and occupational history was used. Measurement of the noise level of the machines in the sector was carried out using a sound pressure level meter. Results: 57 male workers participated, mean age of 43.28 years, among the workers, carpentry prevailed (10.53%), length of time at the job averaged 8.9 years and 9.3 daily work hours; 45.76% did not know what could be done to reduce maintenance noise; 59.65% wore hearing protectors at work, ear plug model (47.37%), and 82.45% thought that the noise was reduced when they wore the hearing protector correctly. Auditory and non-auditory signs and symptoms were denied by most workers. Noise perception in the maintenance service was medium (53%) and high (44%), evidenced noise levels of 62.0 to 101dB (A). Conclusion: the hearing protector was worn by 59.7% of the workers, the plug model was the most used (47.4%) and 75.8% reported that occupational noise decreased with the use of hearing protectors. Most workers use hearing protection and have no hearing symptoms. However, the presence of symptoms such as otalgia (8.8%), otorrhea (5.3%), dizziness (14.0%), tinnitus (17.5%) and difficulty in speech comprehension (7, 0%) should be pointed out. Noise assessment showed high levels from some maintenance machinery, representing a risk for hearing. The sectors of the woodwork and metalwork were the noisiest.
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McClaskey, Carolyn M., James W. Dias, Judy R. Dubno, and Kelly C. Harris. "Reliability of Measures of N1 Peak Amplitude of the Compound Action Potential in Younger and Older Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-18-0097.
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Purpose Human auditory nerve (AN) activity estimated from the amplitude of the first prominent negative peak (N1) of the compound action potential (CAP) is typically quantified using either a peak-to-peak measurement or a baseline-corrected measurement. However, the reliability of these 2 common measurement techniques has not been evaluated but is often assumed to be relatively poor, especially for older adults. To address this question, the current study (a) compared test–retest reliability of these 2 methods and (b) tested the extent to which measurement type affected the relationship between N1 amplitude and experimental factors related to the stimulus (higher and lower intensity levels) and participants (younger and older adults). Method Click-evoked CAPs were recorded in 24 younger (aged 18–30 years) and 20 older (aged 55–85 years) adults with clinically normal audiograms up to 3000 Hz. N1 peak amplitudes were estimated from peak-to-peak measurements (from N1 to P1) and baseline-corrected measurements for 2 stimulus levels (80 and 110 dB pSPL). Baseline-corrected measurements were made with 4 baseline windows. Each stimulus level was presented twice, and test–retest reliability of these 2 measures was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the extent to which age group and click level uniquely predicted N1 amplitude and whether the predictive relationships differed between N1 measurement techniques. Results Both peak-to-peak and baseline-corrected measurements of N1 amplitude were found to have good-to-excellent reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values > 0.60. As expected, N1 amplitudes were significantly larger for younger participants compared with older participants for both measurement types and were significantly larger in response to clicks presented at 110 dB pSPL than at 80 dB pSPL for both measurement types. Furthermore, the choice of baseline window had no significant effect on N1 amplitudes using the baseline-corrected method. Conclusions Our results suggest that measurements of AN activity can be robustly and reliably recorded in both younger and older adults using either peak-to-peak or baseline-corrected measurements of the N1 of the CAP. Peak-to-peak measurements yield larger N1 response amplitudes and are the default measurement type for many clinical systems, whereas baseline-corrected measurements are computationally simpler. Furthermore, the relationships between AN activity and stimulus- and participant-related variables were not affected by measurement technique, which suggests that these relationships can be compared across studies using different techniques for measuring the CAP N1.
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Peek, Barbara F., Mia A. L. Rosenfeld, Gene W. Bratt, and David W. Williams. "NIDCD/VA Hearing Aid Clinical Trial and Follow-Up: Coupler and Real-Ear Measurement." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 18, no. 04 (April 2007): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18.4.3.
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A total of 190 individuals participated in a clinical visit during the Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) 418-A Long Term Follow-Up Study. Of this cohort, 158 participants were considered current hearing aid users, and 32 were non–hearing aid users. Of the current hearing aid users, 81 were still using their original 418 study devices, and 77 had acquired new hearing aids. Coupler and real ear measurements were completed on all available hearing aids. Results showed that study aids had remained relatively stable over the six years between CSP 418 and CSP 418-A. On average, these hearing aid wearers preferred use gain settings that were 6–9 dB less than current NAL-RP insertion gain targets. Mean real ear insertion gain (REIG) was comparable to the mean real ear insertion gain of the same participants in the original study, and users did not tend to increase gain as hearing decreased. Real ear saturation responses (RESR) remained unchanged. Loudness discomfort levels (LDL) obtained during 418-A were significantly lower than LDLs obtained on those same participants at both the initial and final visits in the previous study. Un total de 190 individuos participaron de la visita clínica durante el Estudio de Seguimiento a Largo Plazo 418-A del Programa de Estudios Cooperativos (CSP). De esta cohorte, 158 participantes se consideraron usuarios actuales de auxiliares auditivos (AA), y 32 se consideraron no usuarios de AA. De los usuarios actuales de AA, 81 aún utilizaban sus dispositivos 418 del estudio, y 77 había adquiridos nuevos AA. Se completaron mediciones de acoplador y de oído real para todos los AA disponibles. Los resultados mostraron que los AA del estudio había permanecido relativamente estables en los seis años entre el CSP 418 y el CSP 418-A. En promedio, estos usuarios de AA prefirieron el uso de ajustes de ganancia que estaban 6-9 dB por debajo de las metas actuales de ganancia de inserción del NAL-RP. La ganancia media de inserción de oído real (REIG) fue comparable con la ganancia media de inserción de oído real de los mismos participantes en el estudio original, y los sujetos no tendieron a incrementar la ganancia conforme la audición se deterioró. Las respuestas de saturación de oído real (RESR) se mantuvieron sin cambio. Los niveles de incomodidad a la intensidad subjetiva (LDL) obtenidos durante el 419-A fueron significativamente más bajos que los LDL obtenidos en los mismos participantes, tanto en la visita inicial como final del estudio previo.
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Kim, Gibbeum, Jihun Shin, Changgeun Song, and Woojae Han. "Analysis of the Actual One-Month Usage of Portable Listening Devices in College Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 8550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168550.
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Although contemporary researchers are concerned about overexposure of portable listening devices (PLD) for adolescents and young adults who often prefer listening to music at high levels for a long time, many of these studies have focused on either comparing sound pressure levels of various kinds of earphones or evaluating the recognition of noise-included hearing loss and listening habits through surveys. Further still, current criteria were developed for occupational noise-induced hearing loss, so there are only a few published guidelines for hearing insults due to recreational noise exposure. The present study, therefore, measures actual listening levels and PLD time in college students using a real-time measurement system and applying that gathered scientific data to the internationally recommended noise exposure standards. Thirty-four college students were asked to listen to music similar to their daily lifestyles for 4-weeks. After installing the application, the Google account that linked to the user’s mobile phone was logged into the server communication. When a subject listened to music, the average and maximum listening levels and listening time could then be recognized as his or her Google account ID and stored in the database for analysis. User data was measured at 1-s intervals and delivered to the main server system every 5 s. The data were analyzed as LZeq for mean levels and LCpeak for maximum levels, and also for PLD use time. The mean of the preferred listening level was 68–70 dB SPL for 4 weeks with long enough break times. That is, the listening levels of college students were not high enough to induce instant hearing loss when they used PLD. However, there was a large individual difference in the listening levels and use times. When applied to three recommended noise exposure criteria, the number of exceeded subjects also differed from 0 to 56.72% depending on the criterion. We thus suggest that appropriate and standardized criteria for music-induced hearing loss might be proposed for recreational PLD users.
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Mauney, Daniel W., Gary S. Robinson, and John G. Casali. "The Importance of Sound-Field Acoustic Specification for Hearing Protector Performance Measurement." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 13 (October 1992): 950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601306.
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Several real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) standards govern the attenuation testing of hearing protectors internationally. A characteristic common to many is the requirement of a diffuse sound field and the toleration of a wide range of reverberation times, allowing testing in an anechoic or a reverberant test room. This study explored the degree to which the diffuse environment can be degraded without significantly affecting the attenuation tested under ANSI S3.19-1974. In addition, the study compared a diffuse sound field generated in a reverberant room (as required by ANSI S3.19-1974 and CSA Z94.2-M1984) with a diffuse sound field generated in an anechoic room (as allowed by ANSI S12.6-1984, BSI 5108:1983, ISO 4869-1(E):1990, and SS 882151). Results indicate that degrading the diffusivity will result in statistically significant changes in attenuation, but the magnitude of change is small. In addition, small but significant differences exist between the two test chambers. Interpretation of these results depends upon the purpose of the testing. For applications where accuracy is critical, the statistically significant differences should not be ignored. However, for noncritical applications, such as simply predicting the amount of attenuation a particular worker is receiving with a specific hearing protector, the small magnitude of these differences do not preclude the use of these alternative environments. Therefore, actual protection levels achieved in the field can be empirically verified in either sound field.
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Cordes, Anne K., and Roger J. Ingham. "The Reliability of Observational Data." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (April 1994): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.279.
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Much attention has been directed recently toward the problem of measuring occurrences of stuttering with satisfactory levels of interjudge agreement. This paper reviews the prominent concepts of the stuttering event, arguing that they may be one cause of the stuttering measurement problem. The evidence that has led to concerns about the reliability of stuttering event measurements is also reviewed. Reliability and measurement issues that were discussed in the first paper of this series (Cordes, 1994) emerge as basic to the interpretation of much stuttering research, and it is argued that the stuttering measurement problem is not confined to research on stuttering judgments but actually permeates other important stuttering research areas. Some recent attempts to resolve the stuttering measurement problem are reviewed, and the implications of developing an improved measurement system for this disorder are discussed.
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Julstrom, Stephen, and Linda Kozma-Spytek. "Subjective Assessment of Cochlear Implant Users’ Signal-to-Noise Ratio Requirements for Different Levels of Wireless Device Usability." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 10 (November 2014): 952–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.10.4.
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Background: In order to better inform the development and revision of the American National Standards Institute C63.19 and American National Standards Institute/Telecommunications Industry Association-1083 hearing aid compatibility standards, a previous study examined the signal strength and signal (speech)-to-noise (interference) ratio needs of hearing aid users when using wireless and cordless phones in the telecoil coupling mode. This study expands that examination to cochlear implant (CI) users, in both telecoil and microphone modes of use. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic and acoustic signal levels needed by CI users for comfortable telephone communication and the users’ tolerance relative to the speech levels of various interfering wireless communication–related noise types. Research Design: Design was a descriptive and correlational study. Simulated telephone speech and eight interfering noise types presented as continuous signals were linearly combined and were presented together either acoustically or magnetically to the participants’ CIs. The participants could adjust the loudness of the telephone speech and the interfering noises based on several assigned criteria. Study Sample: The 21 test participants ranged in age from 23–81 yr. All used wireless phones with their CIs, and 15 also used cordless phones at home. There were 12 participants who normally used the telecoil mode for telephone communication, whereas 9 used the implant’s microphone; all were tested accordingly. Data Collection and Analysis: A guided-intake questionnaire yielded general background information for each participant. A custom-built test control box fed by prepared speech-and-noise files enabled the tester or test participant, as appropriate, to switch between the various test signals and to precisely control the speech-and-noise levels independently. The tester, but not the test participant, could read and record the selected levels. Subsequent analysis revealed the preferred speech levels, speech (signal)-to-noise ratios, and the effect of possible noise-measurement weighting functions. Results: The participants' preferred telephone speech levels subjectively matched or were somewhat lower than the level that they heard from a 65 dB SPL wideband reference. The mean speech (signal)-to-noise ratio requirement for them to consider their telephone experience “acceptable for normal use” was 20 dB, very similar to the results for the hearing aid users of the previous study. Significant differences in the participants’ apparent levels of noise tolerance among the noise types when the noise level was determined using A-weighting were eliminated when a CI-specific noise-measurement weighting was applied. Conclusions: The results for the CI users in terms of both preferred levels for wireless and cordless phone communication and signal-to-noise requirements closely paralleled the corresponding results for hearing aid users from the previous study, and showed no significant differences between the microphone and telecoil modes of use. Signal-to-noise requirements were directly related to the participants’ noise audibility threshold and were independent of noise type when appropriate noise-measurement weighting was applied. Extending the investigation to include noncontinuous interfering noises and forms of radiofrequency interference other than additive audiofrequency noise could be areas of future study.
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Lu, Ping, Yue Huang, Wen-Xia Chen, Wen Jiang, Ni-Yi Hua, Yan Wang, Bin Wang, and Zheng-Min Xu. "Measurement of Thresholds Using Auditory Steady-State Response and Cochlear Microphonics in Children with Auditory Neuropathy." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 30, no. 08 (September 2019): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17013.
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AbstractThe detection of precise hearing thresholds in infants and children with auditory neuropathy (AN) is challenging with current objective methods, especially in those younger than six months of age.The aim of this study was to compare the thresholds using auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and cochlear microphonics (CM) in children with AN and children with normal hearing.The thresholds of CM, ASSR, and visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) tests were recorded; the ASSR and VRA frequencies used were 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz.The participants in this study were 15 children with AN (27 ears) (1–7.6 years, median age 4.1 years) and ten children with normal hearing (20 ears) (1–8 years, median age four years).The thresholds of the three methods were compared, and histograms were used to represent frequency distributions of threshold differences obtained from the three methods.In children with normal hearing, the average CM thresholds (84.5 dB) were significantly higher than the VRA thresholds (10.0–10.8 dB); in children with AN, both CM and VRA responses were seen at high signal levels (88.9 dB and 70.6–103.4 dB, respectively). In normal children, the difference between mean VRA and ASSR thresholds ranged from 17.5 to 30.3 dB, which was significantly smaller than the difference seen between the mean CM and VRA thresholds (71.5–72.3 dB). The correlation between VRA and ASSR in children with normal hearing ranged from 0.38 to 0.48, whereas no such correlation was seen in children with AN at any frequency (0.03–0.19).Our results indicated that ASSR and CM were poor predictors of the conventional behavioral threshold in children with AN.
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Behar, Alberto, Willy Wong, and Hans Kunov. "Risk of Hearing Loss in Orchestra Musicians: Review of the Literature." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2006.4035.
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We reviewed 13 papers on noise exposure of orchestral musicians and found that the question of whether orchestra musicians are overexposed does not appear to have a clear answer. To find relevant papers, we researched three databases (Scholar, Scopos, and Medline), which yielded 6, 9, and 17 papers, respectively (including duplicates). A number of papers in the reviewed literature lacked basic descriptions concerning such issues as measurement technique and instrumentation. Rough data and calculation details were often not provided so that the conclusions could not be checked easily. The most serious problem was the estimated time that musicians performed in the orchestra. This information is crucial for the calculation of the normalized noise exposure levels (LEX), and is especially important as orchestra players do not perform year-round nor are they exposed to the same noise levels while performing different pieces of music.
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Fitzgerald, Tracy S., and Beth A. Prieve. "Detection of Hearing Loss Using 2f2-f1 and 2f1-f2 Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48, no. 5 (October 2005): 1165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/082).
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Although many distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) may be measured in the ear canal in response to 2 pure tone stimuli, the majority of clinical studies have focused exclusively on the DPOAE at the frequency 2f1-f2. This study investigated another DPOAE, 2f2-f1, in an attempt to determine the following: (a) the optimal stimulus parameters for its clinical measurement and (b) its utility in differentiating between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired ears at low-to-mid frequencies (≤2000 Hz) when measured either alone or in conjunction with the 2f1-f2 DPOAE. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, the effects of primary level, level separation, and frequency separation (f2/f1) on 2f2-f1 DPOAE level were evaluated in normal-hearing ears for low-to-mid f2 frequencies (700–2000 Hz). Moderately high-level primaries (60–70 dB SPL) presented at equal levels or with f2 slightly higher than f1 produced the highest 2f2-f1 DPOAE levels. When the f2/f1 ratio that produced the highest 2f2-f1 DPOAE levels was examined across participants, the mean optimal f2/f1 ratio across f2 frequencies and primary level separations was 1.08. In Experiment 2, the accuracy with which DPOAE level or signal-to-noise ratio identified hearing status at the f2 frequency as normal or impaired was evaluated using clinical decision analysis. The 2f2-f1 and 2f1-f2 DPOAEs were measured from both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired ears using 2 sets of stimulus parameters: (a) the traditional parameters for measuring the 2f1-f2 DPOAE (f2/f1 = 1.22; L1, L2 = 65, 55 dB SPL) and (b) the new parameters that were deemed optimal for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE in Experiment 1 (f2/f1 = 1.073, L1 and L2 = 65 dB SPL). Identification of hearing status using 2f2-f1 DPOAE level and signal-to-noise ratio was more accurate when the new stimulus parameters were used compared with the results achieved when the 2f2-f1 DPOAE was recorded using the traditional parameters. However, identification of hearing status was less accurate for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE measured using the new parameters than for the 2f1-f2 DPOAE measured using the traditional parameters. No statistically significant improvements in test performance were achieved when the information from the 2 DPOAEs was combined, either by summing the DPOAE levels or by using logistic regression analysis.
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Drouet, Ludovic, Charlotte Hautefort, Hélène Vitaux, Romain Kania, Jacques Callebert, Alain Stepanian, Virginie Siguret, Michael Eliezer, Nicolas Vodovar, and Jean-Marie Launay. "Plasma Serotonin is Elevated in Adult Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 120, no. 09 (July 27, 2020): 1291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713924.
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Abstract Background The roles of thrombophilia and cardiovascular risk factors in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remain controversial. Cochlear microthrombosis and vasospasm have been hypothesized as possible pathogenic mechanisms of SSNHL. This article investigates the circulating serotonin and homocysteine levels besides thrombophilia screening in patients with idiopathic SSNHL. Methods A total of 133 SSNHL patients and age- and sex-matched controls were investigated (discovery cohort). Measurement included common inherited natural coagulation inhibitors, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (VWF), antiphospholipid antibodies, homocysteine, and serotonin (whole blood, platelet, and plasma) levels, along with frequent relevant genetic variants. A validation cohort (128 SSNHL patients) was studied for homocysteine and serotonin levels. Results and Conclusion In the discovery cohort, 58.6% of patients exhibited thrombophilia, of which most had a low to moderate titers of antiphospholipid antibodies and high levels of factor VIII/VWF. Twenty-seven patients (20%) had mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia or were homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation. Regarding serotonin, SSNHL patients had elevated whole blood levels that remained within the normal range and normal platelet content. However, approximately 90% patients of both cohorts had elevated plasma serotonin. Elevated plasma serotoninemia was accompanied by serotonylation of platelet rhoA protein. This study shows that increased plasma serotonin appears as a biomarker of SSNHL (specificity: ∼96%, sensitivity: ∼90%) and could participate in the pathophysiology of SSNHL.
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Lam, Elizabeth A., Susan Rose, and Kristen L. McMaster. "Technical Characteristics of Curriculum-Based Measurement With Students Who Are Deaf." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 25, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa003.
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Abstract This study compared the reliability and validity of student scores from paper–pencil and e-based assessments using the “maze” and “silent reading fluency” (SRF) tasks. Forty students who were deaf and hard of hearing and reading between the second and fifth grade reading levels and their teachers (n = 21) participated. For maze, alternate form reliability coefficients obtained from correct scores and correct scores adjusted for guessing ranged from r = .61 to .84 (ps < .01); criterion-related validity coefficients ranged from r = .33 to .67 (most ps < .01). For SRF, reliability coefficients obtained from correct scores ranged from r = .50 to .75 (ps < .01); validity ranged from r = .25 to .72. Differences between student performance on paper–pencil and e-based conditions were generally non-significant for maze; significant differences between conditions for SRF favored the paper–pencil condition. Findings suggest that maze holds promise, with inconclusive results for SRF.
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Feeney, Patrick M., and Chris A. Sanford. "Detection of the Acoustic Stapedius Reflex in Infants Using Wideband Energy Reflectance and Admittance." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, no. 05 (May 2005): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.5.3.
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This study examined the measurement of the contralateral acoustic stapedius reflex in six-week-old infants and adults using wideband shifts in admittance and energy reflectance (YR). The reflex activator was bandpass noise from 2,500 to 11,000 Hz presented at a maximum spectrum level of 51 dB SPL measured in the ear canal. Reflexes were detected by calculating a cross-correlation between one-twelfth-octave measurements of YR for the highest activator level and responses to lower levels. The reflex-induced shifts in YR for the infant ears were similar in pattern to adult responses but were noisy at frequencies below 1000 Hz. Infant reflexes were more successfully detected when the cross-correlation was calculated from 1000 to 8000 Hz, whereas adult reflexes were more successfully detected for a cross-correlation from 250 to 2000 Hz. This method may be useful in capturing the most robust frequency region for acoustic reflex detection across postnatal middle ear development.
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Ingham, Roger J., Anne K. Cordes, and Merrilyn L. Gow. "Time-Interval Measurement of Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 3 (June 1993): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3603.503.
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This paper reports the results of two experiments that investigated interval-by-interval inter and intrajudge agreement for stuttered and nonstuttered speech intervals (4.0 sec). The first experiment demonstrated that interval-by-interval interjudge agreement could be significantly improved, and to satisfactory levels, by training judges to discriminate between experimenter-agreed intervals of stuttered and nonstuttered speech. The findings also showed that, independent of training, judges with relatively high intrajudge agreement also showed relatively higher interjudge agreement. The second experiment showed that interval-by-interval interjudge agreement was not significantly different if judges rated 4-sec speech intervals from different samples under three conditions: in random order, separated by 5-sec recording intervals; in correct order, also separated by 5-sec recording intervals; or after brief judgment signals that occurred every 4 sec during continuous samples. The implications of these findings for stuttering measurement are discussed.
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Rosen, Stuart, and Richard J. Baker. "Acoustic Reflexes in the Measurement of Auditory Filters at High Levels in Normal Listeners." International Journal of Audiology 33, no. 1 (January 1994): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206099409072953.
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Rawool, Vishakha, and Roraine Buñag. "Levels of Music Played by Caucasian and Filipino Musicians with and without Conventional and Musicians’ Earplugs." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 30, no. 01 (January 2019): 078–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17097.
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AbstractSome musicians may play the music louder while using earplugs thus reducing the effectiveness of the hearing protection offered by earplugs. In addition, the dynamic range (DR) of the music may be altered because of the use of earplugs with negative impact on perceived quality of music. There are some cultural differences in attitudes toward loudness, which may lead to differences in the loudness of music played by musicians from different cultures.To investigate the effect of the use of two different types of earplugs on the loudness and DR of music played by musicians of Caucasian and Filipino origins.Quasi-experimental repeated measures design.Thirty six musicians with normal hearing within the age range of 18–49 yr. Fifteen were of Caucasian (eight men and 7 women) origin and 21 were of the Filipino (nine men and 12 women) origin.All participants received a brief educational session, which included information on music-induced hearing loss, the benefit of using earplugs, and the correct procedures for inserting and removing earplugs. They played music in five different conditions (three min each): Trial 1 of conventional and musicians’ earplugs in random order, no earplug, and trial 2 of conventional and musicians’ earplugs in random order.Maximum, minimum, average (average sound level measured over the measurement period; LAVG), and peak levels were recorded using a dosimeter while playing music in each of the five conditions. The DR was derived by subtracting the minimum values from the maximum values. A different measure of the dynamic range 2 (DR2) was derived by subtracting the LAVG value from the peak value. Mixed analyses of variance (ANOVA) (Cultural origin and Gender as nonrepeated variables) was performed on LAVG, DR, and DR2.Based on the LAVG levels yielded by them, 42–61% of the musicians may be at risk for hearing loss. The mixed ANOVA revealed some main effects of culture and some significant interactions involving cultural origin, the plug conditions, type of earplugs, and trial number.Use of earplugs may vary the overall loudness of music, the DR, or the DR2 in some musicians depending on the type of earplugs and cultural origin, and the effect may change with practice.
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Cordes, Anne K., and Roger J. Ingham. "Time-Interval Measurement of Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 4 (August 1994): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3704.779.
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The study reported in this article used a binary forced-choice judgment procedure to investigate the effects of sample duration on observers’ judgments of stuttering. Two groups of judges, differing in their previous experience with stuttering, categorized 270 speech intervals as stuttered or nonstuttered; the intervals were drawn from 30 persons who stuttered and ranged from 1 sec to 15 sec in duration. Results showed that judgments were consistently related to interval duration, with shorter intervals significantly more likely than longer intervals to be labeled nonstuttered. Interjudge agreement levels, however, were largely unaffected by the different interval durations for most speakers and for both judge groups, with the exception of the longest and shortest intervals drawn from speakers evidencing the mildest and most severe stuttering. An interval duration in the 3- to 5-sec region appeared to attract the most satisfactory level of agreement. The implications of these findings for interval-based clinical and experimental measurements of stuttering are discussed.
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Heydari, Kamran, Ali Akbar Tahaei, Akram Pourbakht, Hamid Haghani, and Ahmadreza Nazeri. "The Relationship between Psychoacoustic and Electrophysiological Assessments of Temporal Resolution." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 03 (March 2021): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722983.
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Abstract Background Temporal resolution is essential to speech acoustic perception. However, it may alter in individuals with auditory disorders, impairing the development of spoken and written language. The envelope of speech signals contains amplitude modulation (AM) that has critical information. Any problem reducing the listener's sensitivity to these amplitude variations (auditory temporal acuity) is likely to cause speech comprehension problems. The modulation detection threshold (MDT) test is a measure for evaluating temporal resolution. However, this test cannot be used for patients with poor cooperation; therefore, objective evaluation of MDT is essential. Purpose The main aim of this study is to find the association between the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and psychoacoustic measurement of MDT at different intensity levels and to assess the amplitude and phase of ASSR as a function of modulation depth. Design This was a correlational research. Study Sample Eighteen individuals (nine males and nine females) with normal hearing sensitivity, aged between 18 and 23 years, participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis ASSR was recorded at fixed AM rates and variable AM depths for carrier frequencies of 1,000 and 2,000 Hz with varying intensities. The least AM depth, efficient to evoke an ASSR response, was interpreted as the physiological detection threshold of AM. The ASSR amplitude and phase, as a function of AM depth, were also evaluated at an intensity level of 60 dB hearing level (HL) with modulation rates of 40 and 100 Hz. Moreover, the Natus instrument (Biologic Systems) was used for the electrophysiological measurements. An AC40 clinical audiometer (Intra-acoustic, Denmark) was also used for the psychoacoustic measurement of MDT in a similar setting to ASSR, using the two-alternative forced choice method. Pearson's correlation test and linear regression model and paired t-test were used for statistical analyses. Results A significant positive correlation was found between psychoacoustic and electrophysiological measurements at a carrier frequency of 1000 Hz, with a modulation rate of 40 Hz at intensity levels of 60 dB HL (r = 0.63, p = 0.004), 50 dB HL (r = 0.52, p = 0.02). A significant positive correlation was also found at a carrier frequency of 2000 Hz, with a modulation rate of 47 Hz at 60 dB HL (r = 0.55, p = 0.01) and 50 dB HL (r = 0.67, p = 0.002) and a modulation rate of 97 Hz at 60 dB HL (r = 0.65, p = 0.003). Moreover, a significant association was found between the modulation depth and ASSR amplitude and phase increment at carrier frequencies of 1,000 and 2000 Hz, with modulation rates of 40 and 100 Hz. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between ASSR and behavioral measurement of MDT, even at low intensities with low modulation rates of 40 and 47 Hz. The ASSR amplitude and phase increment was a function of modulation depth increase. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for evaluating the relationship between two approaches in the clinical population.
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Dille, Marilyn F., Roger M. Ellingson, Garnett P. McMillan, and Dawn Konrad-Martin. "ABR Obtained from Time-Efficient Train Stimuli for Cisplatin Ototoxicity Monitoring." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 09 (October 2013): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.9.2.
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Background: Nonbehavioral methods for identifying cisplatin ototoxicity are important for testing patients with cancer who become too tired or sick to provide a reliable response. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a nonbehavioral test that is sensitive to ototoxicity but can be time consuming to implement over a range of frequencies and/or levels. To address this issue, trains of stimuli were developed that offer reliable ABR testing over a range of tone-burst frequencies and levels at a time savings of 77% relative to tone-burst stimuli presented individually. The clinical accuracy of this new method has yet to be determined on a clinical population. Purpose: This project was designed to determine the test performance of a time-effective ABR methodology aimed at identifying hearing shifts from cisplatin among veterans. A secondary goal was to determine whether improved test performance could be achieved by including our previously developed ototoxicity risk assessment model in the ABR prediction algorithm. Research Design: A set of discriminant functions were derived using logistic regression to model the risk for cisplatin-induced hearing change. Independent variables were one of several ABR metrics alone and combined with an ototoxicity risk assessment model that includes pre-exposure hearing and cisplatin dose. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the test performance of these discriminant functions. Study Sample: Twenty-two male veterans treated with cisplatin for various cancers provided data from a total of 71 monitoring appointments. Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected prospectively from one ear of each participant as designated below. Hearing shift was determined for frequencies within an octave of each patient's high-frequency hearing limit, tested in 1/6th-octave steps. ABRs were monitored using a set of two intensity trains from the highest two multiple frequency tone-burst center frequencies (up to 11.3 kHz) that yielded a robust response at baseline. Each intensity train was presented at 65–105 dB peSPL in 10 dB steps. Scorable ABRs were generally limited to the highest two intensities; therefore, analyses concern those levels. Results: The ABR measurement failure was high, up to 52% for some frequencies and levels. Furthermore, the ABR was not frequently obtained at levels below 85 dB peSPL, consistent with previous studies that suggest a stimulus level of greater than 80 dB peSPL is required to obtain a reliable response to trained stimuli. Using multivariate metrics that included the dose-ototoxicity model, the most accurate scoring function was change in amplitude at lowest half-octave frequency obtained at 105 dB (change in wave V amplitude at frequency 2/105). However, absence of wave V at a monitor patient visit of the ABR response at levels 105 or 95 dB peSPL was deemed the preferred scoring function, because it had lower measurement failure and was within one standard error of the most accurate function. Conclusions: Because of the large number of responses that could not be measured at baseline, this technique as implemented holds limited value as an ototoxicity-monitoring method.
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Mechefske, Chris K., Yuhua Wu, and Brian K. Rutt. "MRI Gradient Coil Cylinder Sound Field Simulation and Measurement." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 124, no. 4 (July 30, 2002): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1488169.
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High-field, high-speed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) generates high sound levels within and nearby the scanner. The mechanism and process that produces the gradient magnetic field (a cylindrical electro-magnet, called the gradient coil cylinder, which produces a spatially and temporally varying magnetic field inside a static background magnetic field) is the primary source of this noise. This noise can cause difficulties in verbal communication in and around the scanner, heightened patient anxiety, temporary hearing loss and possible permanent hearing impairment for health care workers and patients. In order to effectively suppress the sound radiation from the gradient coil cylinder the sound field within and nearby the gradient coil needs to be characterized. This characterization may be made using an analytical solution of the sound pressure field, computational simulation, measurement analysis or some combination of these three methods. This paper presents the computational simulation and measurement results of a study of the sound radiation from a head and neck gradient coil cylinder within a 4 Tesla MRI whole body scanner. The measurement results for the sound pressure level distribution along the centerline of the gradient coil cylinder are presented. The sound pressure distributions predicted from Finite Element Analysis of the gradient coil movement during operation and subsequent Boundary Element Analysis of the sound field generated are also presented. A comparison of the measured results and the predicted results shows close agreement. Because of the extremely complex nature of the analytical solution for the gradient coil cylinder, a treatment of the analytical solution and comparison to the computational results for a simple cylinder vibrating in a purely radial direction are also presented and also show close agreement between the two methods thus validating the computational approach used with the more complex gradient coil cylinder.
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Paksoy, Mustafa, Arif Sanli, Umit Hardal, Sermin Kibar, Gokhan Altin, Banu Atalay Erdogan, and Zekiye Eda Bekmez. "How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery?" International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 3 (2012): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1112.
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ABSTRACT Objective In otology, a wide variety of devices are used that have significant noise output, both operated ear and the patient. We aimed to determine hearing damages due to drill-generated acoustic trauma in ear surgery. We want to find how degree drill-generated acoustic trauma is responsible from sensorineural hearing loss in ear surgery. Materials and methods We designed a retrospective study about 100 patients who underwent radical or modiphied radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. The audiometric testing was done both pre and postoperatively to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign and Mann-Whitney U tests. This study proposes that hearing loss is caused by drill noise conducted to the operated ear by vibrations of temporal bone. Results A sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is seen due to the noise generated by the drill. Mean pure-tone thresholds obtained was significantly more in mastoidectomy applied patients when compared to tympanoplasty . Mean bone conduction (BC) hearing levels impaired 6,6 dB in 1 kHz, 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 5 dB in 4.kHz and 3.1 dB in 2 kHz in mastoidectomy groups but improved 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 2.2 dB in 1 kHz, 2.7 dB in 2 kHz in tympanoplasty groups. Statistically significant differences were observed at the 0.5-1 and 4 kHz frequencies pre and postoperative in the hearing thresholds of BC changing in mastoidectomy group, however, the averages of ranks of all pre and postoperative measurement of hearing levels show differences between mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty groups was significant in statistically at independent groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that drill-generated noise during mastoid surgery has been incriminated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Drilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary or permanent noise-induced hearing loss. Possible noise disturbance to the inner ear can only be avoided by minimizing the duration of harmful noise exposure and carefull using burr to near the cochlear structures. How to cite this article Paksoy M, Sanli A, Hardal U, Kibar S, Altin G, Erdogan BA, Bekmez ZE. How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery? Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):127-132.
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Scollie, Susan, Marlene Bagatto, Sheila Moodie, and Jeff Crukley. "Accuracy and Reliability of a Real-Ear-to-Coupler Difference Measurement Procedure Implemented within a Behind-the-Ear Hearing Aid." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 22, no. 09 (October 2011): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.22.9.6.
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Background: Measurement of the real ear response of a fitted hearing aid allows matching of the frequency response to prescriptive targets, as well as comparison of the response to both threshold and loudness discomfort level (LDL). These processes are recommended procedures for hearing aid fittings. The real ear aided response (REAR) is often predicted based on the coupler response of the device, the real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD), and the microphone location effect (MLE). Individualized measurement of the RECD tends to increase the accuracy of this prediction. A commercial hearing aid has been developed that measures the individual RECD and incorporates the data into the software-assisted fitting process. Purpose: This study evaluated the test-retest reliability and predictive validity of this particular method for measuring the RECD. Research Design: A repeated measures design was used to evaluate differences between subsequent measures of the RECD in the same ear, and prediction differences associated with using the RECD (and other information) to predict the REAR. Study Sample: Fifteen ears, on a convenience sample of ten adults (45–86 yr) and five children (6–15 yr) were tested. All participants were hearing aid users. Data Collection and Analysis: Predicted and measured REARs were collected using normal clinical procedures, on an Audioscan Verifit VF-1 for two test signals/levels. Reliability, mean differences between predicted and measured REARs, and 95% confidence intervals of the prediction accuracy are reported. Results: The RECD procedure had test-retest reliability within 2.5 dB for 14 out of 15 ears between 500 and 4000 Hz, and had predictive accuracy within 5 dB between 500 and 4000 Hz for 14 out of 15 ears. However, errors associated with earhook misalignment were discovered. Also, the RECD values measured using this hearing-aid-specific procedure differ somewhat from the normative data available from insert earphone RECDs. Conclusions: This procedure, when measured according to recommendations, provides a reasonably accurate prediction of the REAR. Functionally, this procedure does not replace the range of measures offered by modern real ear measurement systems. However, given the inaccuracy of software-assisted fittings without a measure of individual ear canal acoustics, use of this procedure may have the potential to improve the accuracy of fittings versus fittings completed without real ear measurement.
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Nikpay, Ahmad, Reza Moradi, Salman Sheikhi, Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi Jarrahi, Tayyebeh Jaddi Madarsara, and Hamzeh Saeidabadi. "Evaluation of Toluene Vapors on the Hearing System of a Production Company Employee: A carcinogenic agent." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 2, no. 1 (June 8, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2019.2.1.49-53.
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Introduction: Hearing loss is one of the most common causes of disability of more than 1.33 billion people worldwide and, according to WHO research, failure to timely detect hearing loss has detrimental effects on the individual, the family and the world economy ($ 750 billion), Therefore, exposure to excessive noise and exposure to organic solvents can cause hearing loss in individuals.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on a manufacturing company with a statistical population of 17 people (8 employees of printing and electroplating unit with a mean age of 40±4.78 and 9 employees of Coldwell unit with a mean age of 4.33±41). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and paired T-test.
Results: According to the pollutant results in the Coldwell unit, the noise level was exceeded, but the toluene levels were measured at the permissible level, which, according to the software output, showed a faster rate of hearing loss (Right ear sig = 0.007 and left ear sig = 0.002)
and also, in the printing and plating unit, the sound level was above the permissible limit, but the toluene level was exceeded, which according to the software output of these units had a lower rate of hearing loss.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that simultaneous exposure to noise and organic solvents such as toluene in the workplace accelerates the Occupational Hearing Loss Process, as well as employees who are not exposed to noise, are reasonably hearing impaired due to exposure to toluene.
keywords: Noise, Audiometry, Occupational Hearing Loss, Measurement of Workplace Hazardous Factors, Organic Solvent Vapor, Toluene Vapor.
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Mocek, Piotr. "Industrial Noise as a Source of Threat in the Field of Blasting Technology in Coal Mines." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0008.
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AbstractThe publication presents partial results of hearing screening tests conducted in 2019 among employees of 37 hard coal mines located in the Śląskie and Małopolskie voivodships. The tests were carried out in different cities of both voivodships using the Mobile Hearing Diagnosis Center, which parked near the selected mine and specialized hearing diagnostics points of the ACSłuchmed Sp. z o. o. from Lublin. At the diagnostic points, detailed total audiometry tests were conducted on people diagnosed with hearing disorders as part of screening tests. The obtained results allowed to identify branches and workplaces with the highest risk of noise hazard in mines. The presented publication shows the results of noise measurement during blasting works and the results of anonymous surveys conducted among employees of the Department of Blasting Technology of hard coal mines. The survey concerned the subjective feelings of employees regarding noise levels at the workplace and its impact on their well-being and state of health. In the publication summary, the author draws attention to the need to take measures to constantly control the noise level at the workplace and introduce solutions that will enable its reduction and allow for better protection of employees against its damaging consequences.
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Serpanos, Yula C., Janet R. Schoepflin, Steven R. Cox, and Diane Davis. "The Accuracy of Smartphone Sound Level Meter Applications (SLMAs) in Measuring Sound Levels in Clinical Rooms." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 01 (January 2021): 027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1719137.
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Abstract Background The accuracy of smartphone sound level meter applications (SLMAs) has been investigated with varied results, based on differences in platform, device, app, available features, test stimuli, and methodology. Purpose This article determines the accuracy of smartphone SLMAs with and without calibration of external and internal microphones for measuring sound levels in clinical rooms. Research Design Quasi-experimental research design comparing the accuracy of two smartphone SLMAs with and without calibration of external and internal microphones. Data Collection and Analysis Two iOS-based smartphone SLMAs (NIOSH SLM and SPL Meter) on an iPhone 6S were used with and without calibrated external and internal microphones. Measures included: (1) white noise (WN) stimuli from 20 to 100 dB sound pressure level in a sound-treated test booth and (2) sound levels in quiet in four nonsound-treated clinical rooms and in simulated background sound conditions using music at 45, 55, and 80 dBA. Chi-square analysis was used to determine a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in sound measures between the SLMAs and a Type 1 SLM. Results Measures of WN signals and room sound level measures in quiet and simulated background sound conditions were significantly more accurate at levels ≥ 40 dBA using the SLMAs with calibrated external and internal microphones. However, SLMA measures with and without calibration of external and internal microphones overestimated sound levels < 40 dBA. Conclusion The SLMAs studied with calibrated external or internal microphones are able to verify the room environment for audiologic screening at 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz at 20 dB hearing level (American Academy of Audiology and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) using supra-aural earphones (American National Standards Institute S3.1–1999 [R2018]). However, the tested SLMAs overestimated low-level sound < 40 dBA, even when the external or internal microphones were calibrated. Clinicians are advised to calibrate the microphones prior to using measurement systems involving smartphones and SLMAs to measure room sound levels and to monitor background noise levels throughout the provision of clinical services.
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Preves, David A., Lucille B. Beck, Edwin D. Burnett, and Harry Teder. "Input Stimuli for Obtaining Frequency Responses of Automatic Gain Control Hearing Aids." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 1 (March 1989): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3201.189.
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Developing a family of frequency response curves for AGC types of hearing instruments using swept pure tones at varying input levels often produces erroneous results. This problem is caused by exceeding the threshold for activating the AGC circuit at some frequencies but not at other frequencies during the pure-tone sweep, thereby producing a different frequency response from that which would be obtained with a complex input signal such as speech-shaped noise. This measurement artifact may be minimized by ensuring that the threshold for activating the AGC circuit is either always exceeded or never exceeded during the development of a frequency response curve. Three input signals are compared for developing a family of frequency responses for an AGC hearing aid: (1) swept pure tone, (2) swept pure tone with bias tone added, and (3) shaped broad-band noise. The shaped broad-band noise appears to be the input signal of choice.
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Aazh, Hashir, and Brian C. J. Moore. "Incidence of Discomfort During Pure-Tone Audiometry and Measurement of Uncomfortable Loudness Levels Among People Seeking Help for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis." American Journal of Audiology 26, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_aja-17-0011.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of patients seen in a tinnitus and hyperacusis therapy clinic for whom presentation levels based on the British Society of Audiology (BSA)–recommended procedures for pure-tone audiometry and determination of uncomfortable loudness levels (ULLs) exceed ULLs, leading to discomfort during administration of these procedures. Method This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 362 consecutive patients who attended a National Health Service audiology clinic for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis rehabilitation. Results For 21% of the patients, presentation levels based on the BSA procedure for pure-tone audiometry exceeded the ULL for at least 1 of the measured frequencies (excluding the first frequency tested, 1 kHz): 0.25, 0.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. For 24% of patients, the starting presentation level of 60 dB hearing level recommended for determination of ULLs exceeded the ULL for at least 1 frequency. Conclusion The starting presentation levels used for pure-tone audiometry and measurement of ULLs should be lower than those recommended by the BSA for people with tinnitus and hyperacusis.