Academic literature on the topic 'Heart defect'

Congenital heart defect (CHD) means an anatomic malformation of the heart or great vessels which occurs during intrauterine development, irrespective of the age at presentation. They can disrupt the normal blood flow through the heart. The blood flow can slow down, go in the wrong direction or to the wrong place, or be blocked completely. Broadly congenital heart defects can be acyanotic and cyanotic. We have reviewed retrospectively from echocardiogram record nearly two years of period & collected total 404 patients with congenital heart defects. Among them 329 (81.43%) was acyanotic and 75 (18.57%) was cyanotic congenital defects with variety of diagnosis. Ventricular septal defect was the most common acyanotic heart defect and Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common cyanotic heart defect. There was no significant gender deference.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 35-38

AbstractConotruncal heart defects are considered to be one of the most common types of birth defect worldwide. Genetic disturbances in folate metabolism such as Thymidylate synthase may increase risk for conotruncal heart defects. We evaluated two common Thymidylate synthase polymorphisms, including the 28 bp tandem repeat in the promoter enhancer region of the 5′-untranslated region and the 6 bp deletion in the 3′-untranslated region, as risk factors of conotruncal heart defects including various subtypes of malformations, in a total of 193 mothers with conotruncal heart defect in offspring and 234 healthy controls in the Chinese population. Logistic regression analyses revealed that mothers who were homozygotes with deletion (−/−) had a 1.8-fold (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.0, p = 0.040) increased risk for conotruncal heart defect in offspring, respectively, when compared with mothers carrying the wild type (+/+) genotype. Consistently, individuals carrying the genotype −/− of the Thymidylate synthase 6 bp deletion also had higher plasma homocysteine levels compared to the mothers carrying the genotype +/+ in the control and conotruncal heart defect groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004, respectively). However, our results showed that Thymidylate synthase 28 bp tandem repeat polymorphism was not associated with risk for conotruncal heart defect and plasma homocysteine level. In conclusion, our data suggest that the maternal Thymidylate synthase 6 bp deletion polymorphism might be associated with plasma homocysteine level and risk for conotruncal heart defect in offspring.

Congenital heart disease is a defect in the structure of heart and great vessels present at birth. Early recognition will help to treat the child and if possible get corrective surgery done. The aim of this study was to observe the pattern of congenital heart disease in our set-up. This descriptive study based on echocardiographic findings over a period of 3 years from January 2013 to December 2015 conducted in Community Based Medical College Bangladesh, Mymensingh. Patient's consent was obtained from patient's parents before echocardiography. A total of 100 children found to have congenital heart disease determined by echocardiography were studied and analysed for frequencies of lesions, sex ratio and mean age. One hundred patients, comprising 55(55%) male and 45(45%) female had congenital heart disease as diagnosed by echocardiogram had, their age ranged from 0.01 to 15 years with a mean age of 6.4±5.3 years and male to female ratio 1.2:1. Sixty six percent of patients were diagnosed as non-cyanotic heart defects and rest 34% cyanotic heart defects. Atrial septal defect (35%) was the most frequent form of non-cyanotic congenital heart defect, followed by ventricular septal defect (15%), pulmonary stenosis (6%) patent ductus arteriosus (5%), endocardial cushion defect (3%) and coarctation of aorta (2%). Whereas fallot's tetralogy (17%) followed by transposion of great arteries (10%) and ebstein's anomaly (7%) were the commonest cyanotic congenital heart defects. Congenital heart diseases are common in our set-up. Atrial septal defect is the commonest non-cyanotic and Fallot's tetrology as cyanotic congenital heart disease.
 CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 20-26

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the difficulties and differing techniques in the transcatheter placement of amplatz ventricular septal defect devices to close perimembranous ventricular septal defects and place these in the context of the expanding literature on ventricular septal defect catheter closure.BackgroundSurgery remains the established first-line therapy for closure of haemodynamically significant perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Transcatheter techniques appeared to promise a possible alternative, obviating the need for cardiac surgery. However, significant technical and anatomical constraints coupled with ongoing reports of a high incidence of heart block have prevented these hopes from being realised to any significant extent. It is likely that there are important methodological reasons for the high complication rates observed. The potential advantages of transcatheter perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure over surgery warrant further exploration of differing transcatheter techniques.MethodsBetween August, 2004 and November, 2009, 21 patients had a perimembranous ventricular septal defect closed with transcatheter techniques. Of these, 14 were closed with a muscular amplatz ventricular septal defect device. The median age and weight at device placement were 8 years, ranging from 2 to 19 years, and 18.6 kilograms, ranging from 10 to 21 kilograms, respectively.ResultsThere were 25 procedures performed on 23 patients using 21 amplatz ventricular septal defect devices. Median defect size on angiography was 7.8 millimetres, ranging from 4 to 14.3 millimetres, with a median device size of 8 millimetres, ranging from 4 to 18 millimetres, and a defect/device ratio of 1.1, with a range from 0.85 to 1.33. Median procedure time was 100 minutes, with a range from 38 to 235 minutes. Adverse events included device embolisation following haemolysis in one, and new aortic incompetence in another, but there were no cases of heart block. Median follow-up was 41.7 months, with a rangefrom 2 to 71 months.ConclusionsEvaluating transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect using amplatz ventricular septal defect devices remains important, if a technically feasible method with low and acceptable complication rates is to be identified. Incidence of heart block may be minimised by avoiding oversized devices, using muscular devices, and accepting defeat if an appropriately selected device pulls through. Given the current transcatheter technologies, the closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects should generally be performed in children when they weigh at least 10 kilograms.

A criss-cross heart is a rare congenital heart disease that is commonly associated with complex cardiac defect. Criss-cross heart is characterized by crossing of the inflow streams of the two ventricles, due to twisting of the heart during development. As a result the axis of the openings of the atrioventricular (AV) valves remain non parallel. We report a case of 2.5 months old baby with criss-cross spatial relationship of the atrioventricular valve with double outlet right ventricle with Pulmonary Artesia and atrial and ventricular septal defect. The diagnosis was confirmed by 2D and color Doppler Echocardiography in subxiphoid long-axis and coronal plane sweeps. Due to the complex structural changes and rarity of the anomaly, the diagnosis is often missed. In this case report we emphasized on diagnosis feature of presentation and surgical techniques required to correct or palliate the defects.
 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 214-216