Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heart Rupture

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Heart Rupture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Heart Rupture"

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Guo, Jun, Yun-dai Chen, Feng Tian, Hong-bin Liu, Lian Chen, Zhi-jun Sun, Yi-hong Ren, et al. "Thrombosis and morphology of plaque rupture using optical coherence tomography." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 6 (March 20, 2013): 1092–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122642.

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Background Thrombosis following plaque rupture is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome, but not all plaque ruptures lead to thrombosis. There are limited in vivo data on the relationship between the morphology of ruptured plaque and thrombosis. Methods We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate the morphology of plaque rupture and its relation to coronary artery thrombosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Forty-two patients with coronary artery plaque rupture detected by OCT were divided into two groups (with or without thrombus) and the morphological characteristics of ruptured plaque, including fibrous cap thickness and broken cap site, were recorded. Results The fibrous cap of ruptured plaque with thrombus was significantly thinner compared to caps without thrombus ((57.00±17.00)μm vs. (96.00±48.00)μm; P=0.0076). Conclusions Plaque rupture associated with thrombosis occurs primarily in plaque covered by a thin fibrous cap. Thick fibrous caps are associated with greater stability of ruptured plaque.
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Ly, Q. H. "Myocardial infarction with myocardial rupture." Heart 89, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.89.9.1077.

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Arıkan, Erdinç, Arif Karagöz, Serdar Bayata, Levent Yilik, and Erden Erol Ünlüer. "A Rare Cause of Dyspnea: Sudden Rupture of Aortic Valsalva Sinus Aneurysm." Case Reports in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/909302.

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Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is an uncommon cardiac abnormality; however, the most common complication is rupture into the right heart chambers or rarely towards the left chambers. A ruptured aneurysm typically leads to an aortocardiac shunt and progressively worsening heart failure. We report a case of a 21-year-old male who suffered an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva rupture into the right atrium who underwent successful surgical repair.
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BANERJEE, S. "Coronary artery rupture treated with microcoil occlusion." Heart 86, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.2.187.

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Murday, A. "Optimal management of acute ventricular septal rupture." Heart 89, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.89.12.1462.

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Dimopoulos, K. "Multiple coronary rupture after blunt chest trauma." Heart 89, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.89.6.594.

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Wu, Tongbin, Yujun Xu, Lunfeng Zhang, Zhengyu Liang, Xiaohai Zhou, Sylvia M. Evans, and Ju Chen. "Filamin C is Essential for mammalian myocardial integrity." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): e1010630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010630.

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FLNC, encoding filamin C, is one of the most mutated genes in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the precise role of filamin C in mammalian heart remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated Flnc global (FlncgKO) and cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (FlnccKO) mice died in utero from severely ruptured ventricular myocardium, indicating filamin C is required to maintain the structural integrity of myocardium in the mammalian heart. Contrary to the common belief that filamin C acts as an integrin inactivator, we observed attenuated activation of β1 integrin specifically in the myocardium of FlncgKO mice. Although deleting β1 integrin from cardiomyocytes did not recapitulate the heart rupture phenotype in Flnc knockout mice, deleting both β1 integrin and filamin C from cardiomyocytes resulted in much more severe heart ruptures than deleting filamin C alone. Our results demonstrated that filamin C works in concert with β1 integrin to maintain the structural integrity of myocardium during mammalian heart development.
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MENICONI, A. "How to survive myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction." Heart 84, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.84.5.552.

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Kotecha, Monika Kantilal, Khurshid Merchant, Charmaine Jiahui Chan, Jonathan Tze Liang Choo, Krishna Revanna Gopagondanahalli, Dyan Zhewei Zhang, Teng Hong Tan, and Sreekanthan Sundararaghavan. "Endocardial Fibroelastosis as an Independent Predictor of Atrioventricular Valve Rupture in Maternal Autoimmune Antibody Exposed Fetus: A Systematic Review with Clinicopathologic Analysis." Diagnostics 13, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081481.

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Background: Neonatal lupus (NL) is a clinical syndrome that develops in the fetus as a result of maternal autoimmune antibodies. Congenital complete heart block (CHB) is the most common manifestation, while extranodal cardiac manifestations of NL, such as endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) and myocarditis, are rare but more serious. Less is known about this atrioventricular valve rupture due to valvulitis as a consequence of maternal autoantibodies. We have described a case of cardiac neonatal lupus with an antenatally detected CHB patient who developed mitral and tricuspid valve chordal rupture at 45 days of age. We compared the cardiac histopathology and the fetal cardiac echocardiographic findings of this case with another fetus that was aborted after being antenatally diagnosed with CHB but without valvar rupture. A narrative analysis after a systematic review of the literature regarding atrioventricular valve apparatus rupture due to autoimmune etiology along with maternal characteristics, presentation, treatment, and outcome have been discussed in this article. Objectives: To describe published data on atrioventricular valve rupture in neonatal lupus, including clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management, and outcomes. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant descriptive systematic examination of case reports that included accounts of lupus during pregnancy or in the newborn period that resulted in an atrioventricular valve rupture. We gathered information on the patient’s demographics, the details of the valve rupture and other comorbidities, the maternal therapy, the clinical course, and the results. We also used a standardized method to evaluate the cases’ quality. A total of 12 cases were investigated, with 11 cases drawn from 10 case reports or case series and 1 from our own experience. Results: Tricuspid valve rupture (50%) is more common than mitral valve rupture (17%). Unlike mitral valve rupture, which occurs postnatally, the timing of tricuspid valve rupture is perinatal. A total of 33% of the patients had concomitant complete heart block, while 75% of the patients had endocardial fibroelastosis on an antenatal ultrasound. Antenatal changes pertaining to endocardial fibroelastosis can be seen as early as 19 weeks of gestation. Patients with both valve ruptures generally have a poor prognosis, especially if they occur at close intervals. Conclusion: Atrioventricular valve rupture in neonatal lupus is rare. A majority of patients with valve rupture had antenatally detected endocardial fibroelastosis in the valvar apparatus. Appropriate and expedited surgical repair of ruptured atrioventricular valves is feasible and has a low mortality risk. Rupture of both atrioventricular valves occurring at close intervals carries a high mortality risk.
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Attasiriluk, Samrit. "Traumatic Heart Rupture: Case Series." Heart, Lung and Circulation 27 (2018): S547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2018.04.126.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heart Rupture"

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Cranz, Anna [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Nikendei. "Broken Heart Strings - Psychological Stress in Cardiac Patients after Chordae Tendineae Rupture / Anna Cranz ; Betreuer: Christoph Nikendei." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203626401/34.

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Darrigrand, Jean-François. "Influence of BMP signaling on neural crest cells during heart outflow tract septation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS085.pdf.

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La voie d’éjection cardiaque (VEC) est initialement un tube unique, qui se divise ensuite en artère aorte (Ao) et pulmonaire (Pa) au cours du développement embryonnaire. Cette morphogenèse est régulée par les cellules de crête neurale (CCN) qui colonisent la VEC et se condensent le long de l’endocarde, entraînant sa rupture et la formation des Ao et Pa. Des recherches ont montré que les Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) contrôlent le comportement des CCN durant ce processus. Cependant, les cascades moléculaires impliquées sont méconnues. Afin de mieux comprendre ces cascades moléculaires nous avons étudié le rôle de Dullard, une phosphatase identifiée comme inhibiteur intracellulaire de la voie BMP, au cours de la morphogenèse de la VEC. Nos résultats montrent que la délétion de Dullard dans les CCN augmente la signalisation BMP dans ces cellules, induit une septation asymétrique et prématurée de la VEC, l’obstruction de Pa et la mort embryonnaire. Cette suractivation de la voie BMP dans les CCN entraîne la diminution de leurs marqueurs mésenchymateux et augmente l’expression d’une cytokine appelée Sema3c, qui elle-même induit une compaction prématurée des CCN à l’endocarde. En parallèle, la différentiation asymétrique du myocarde sous-pulmonaire entraîne la rupture asymétrique de l’endocarde et l’obstruction de Pa. Enfin, nos résultats montrent qu’un gradient d’activation de la voie BMP et d’expression de Sema3c dans les CCN le long de l’axe de la VEC régule sa septation disto-proximale. Ainsi, nous mettons en évidence que la régulation des BMP dans les CCN orchestre spatiotemporellement la septation de la VEC
The heart outflow tract (OFT) is originally a solitary tube, which is septated into the aortic and pulmonary artery (Pa) during embryonic development. This morphogenesis is regulated by the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCC), which colonize the OFT and condense towards the endocardium, triggering its rupture and the fromation of the two arteries. Investigations to identify the molecular cues controlling cNCC behaviour in the OFT mesenchyme have established the importance of the Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMP). However, little is known on the molecular cascades triggered by BMP signaling responsible for the cNCC mediated OFT septation. To get insights into these molecular cascades, we decided to dissect the role of Dullard, a perinuclear phosphatase uncovered as a BMP intracellular signaling inhibitor, during OFT morphogenesis. Our results show that deletion of Dullard in the cNCC increases BMP intracellular signaling, leading to premature and asymmetric septation of the OFT, Pa obstruction and embryonic death. This BMP overactivation in the cNCC triggers the downregulation of mesenchymal markers and the upregulation of a cytokine called Sema3c, which in turn results in premature cNCC compaction at the endocardium. In addition, asymmetric differentiation of the distal subpulmonary myocardium contributes to asymmetrical rupture of the endocardium and Pa obstruction. Finally, our data converge to a model whereby graded BMP activity and Sema3c expression in the cNCC along the OFT axis set the tempo of OFT septation from its distal to its proximal regions. Hence, our findings reveal that fine tuning of BMP signaling levels in cNCC orchestrate OFT septation in time and space
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Schmieder, Claudia. "Pilotstudie zur Evaluierung fetaler Herzratenvariabilitätsparameter bei frühem vorzeitigem Blasensprung mittels abdominaler fetaler Elektrokardiographie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-165690.

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Die nicht-invasive Analyse der fetalen Herzratenvariabilität mittels abdominaler Elektrokardiographie stellt eine neue Methode zur Beurteilung des fetalen Zustandes dar. Die Herzratenvariabilität gilt hier als ein sensitives Maß der autonomen Regulation. Bereits mit Beginn der zweiten Schwangerschaftshälfte ist es möglich, über das mütterliche Abdomen ein fetales Elektrokardiogramm abzuleiten und einer Herzratenvariabilitätsanalyse zuzuführen. Das Untersuchungskollektiv dieser Arbeit umfasste Frauen mit frühem vorzeitigem Blasensprung als Modell einer pathologischen Alteration des fetalen Zustandes sowie Frauen mit normalen Schwangerschaften zwischen der 20. und 28. Schwangerschaftswoche. Die technische Umsetzung und Analyse der fetalen Herzratenvariabilität erfolgte in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Biomedizinische Technik der TU Dresden. Insgesamt wurden 25 Datensätze der Auswertung zugeführt. Eine Reifung des autonomen Nervensystems des Feten mit ansteigendem Gestationsalter konnte mittels der Herzratenvariabilitätsanalyse gezeigt werden. Zur Risikostratifizierung der Feten bei frühem vorzeitigem Blasensprung konnten bei der Betrachtung der Herzratenvariabilitätsparameter keine signifikanten Unterschiede zum Normalkollektiv erhoben werden. Die Analyse der Parameter erfolgte hierbei unabhängig von den fetalen Verhaltenszuständen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die nicht-invasive Analyse der Herzratenvariabilitätsanalyse methodisch und technisch in der Lage ist, den Fetalzustand und dessen Alterationen zu erfassen.
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Crown, Juno. "Home of the Japanese Heart : Socio-historical Contextualization of Gender Politics, Commodity Animism and Super State-Nationalism of Japanese Modernity through the Indigenous Faith." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364779.

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This thesis aims to contextualize gender politics, nationalism, and animism as interconnected cultural patterns reflecting 19th century acculturation and post-WWII national reconstruction of Japan. In particular, state-nationalism, hegemonic femininity, commodity animism, uniform fetishsm, and power structure are analyzed through the symbolisms and discourse of the Japanese indigenous faith: Shinto, female practitioners, and followers. There are two points of ideological and linguistic rupture in modern Japan: late-19th century and mid-20th century, in which a large part of this thesis is dedicated to for a holistic contextualization in accordance to historical narrative and events. Materials for this thesis were collected through three separate occasions of field research: winter of 2016 to 2017, summer of 2017, and the spring of 2018 where participant- observation, semi-structured interviews across different platforms, internet ethnography, and archival data analysis were combined. The thesis is separated into three parts: super state- nationalism, gender politics, and commodity animism, and each chapter has its own thematic focus for analysis while the ideological shifts are explained largely based on Ideological State Apparatus and subjectivity. The development of the several thousand year old faith is the preoccupation of this thesis in an attempt to interpret the collective identities, tendencies, and patterns of Japanese modernity.
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Sanborn, Kathryn L. "The lived experience of ruptured aortic aneurysm in adults." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036187.

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The experience of living through an unexpected, life-threatening cardiovascular surgery can be a profound. This study examined the experience of 4 men who had survived ruptured aortic aneurysm using a phenomenological research design.Audio-taped interviews were analyzed for common themes and patterns. Two strong, opposing constitutive patterns were found. The patterns the data conveyed were: 1) fear as a response to overwhelming pain and clouded perceptions, and 2) gratitude for recovery in an atmosphere of caring support.This study was significant in beginning to bring to understanding the phenomenon of surviving major, unexpected cardiovascular surgical trauma. It is recommended that health care providers be more attentive to similar patients' experiences and listen to how their lives have changed as a result of their experiences.
School of Nursing
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Hallow, Karen Melissa. "Relationships between Mechanical Stress and Markers of Inflammation in Diseased Human Coronary Arteries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16211.

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Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque is one of the primary causes of death due to cardiovascular disease. The factors directing plaque progression to instability are poorly understood. It is well-known that arteries respond to changes in mechanical stress by remodeling, and that remodeling is mediated by the inflammatory response. Studies have shown that both mechanical stress and markers of inflammation are increased in the fibrous cap and shoulder regions of plaque, where rupture most often occurs. In this study we hypothesized that there are spatial relationships between the local mechanical environment and expression of markers of inflammation in atherosclerosis, and that these relationships are plaque-progression dependent. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed cross-sections at intervals along the length of human coronary atherosclerotic arteries. For each cross-section, a heterogeneous finite element model was developed to determine the spatial distribution of stress. In addition, novel techniques for quantifying inflammatory markers at high spatial resolution were used to determine the distributions of inflammatory markers. The distributions of stress and five markers of inflammation activated NF-kB, macrophages, MMP-1, nitrotyrosine, and microvessels - were then compared to determine whether spatial relationships exists. We demonstrated that the probability of activated NF-kB expression increases monotonically with increasing stress in all stages of plaque progression. This indicates that the relationship between mechanical stress and NF-kB activation is a player throughout the disease process. We found that the relationship between mechanical stress and macrophages is highly dependent on the state of plaque progression. In intermediate stages of progression macrophages increase with moderate stress but drop off again at very high stresses, while in the advanced stage macrophages continue to increase monotonically with stress. We found that MMP1 increases with stress in stages of progression where active remodeling is occurring, but decreases with stress in mature stable plaque. We found no relationship between mechanical stress and nitrotyrosine expression or microvessels. Taken together, these results support the role of mechanical stress in instigating and maintaining the inflammatory response, and help explain how mechanical input is able to direct the complex biological changes involved in remodeling.
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CASTELLITI, DIEGO. "The MYRRHA reactor design and the primary heat exchanger (PHX) tube rupture event analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/942205.

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Tra tutti i differenti concetti di reattori nucleari proposti nell’ambito della Generation IV, I reattori “pool-type” raffreddati a metallo liquido pesante rappresentano una delle opzioni più promettenti. Uno dei principali obbiettivi, dal punto di vista progettuale e della sicurezza, consiste nell’ottenere un concetto efficiente e compatto. Tale requisito spesso implica l’adozione di un numero inferiore di circuiti refrigeranti rispetto ad altri reattori simili. La rimozione del circuito intermedio può essere ottenuta tramite l’adozione di un fluido secondario che entri direttamente nello scambiatore di calore (o generatore di vapore) situato nel vessel primario. Per quanto concerne il fluido secondario, una scelta comune è rappresentata dall’acqua in pressione. Uno degli eventi più rilevanti dal punto di vista dell’analisi di sicurezza applicata a reattori di questa tipologia è rappresentato dall’ingresso accidentale di acqua nel vessel primario, che potrebbe scatenare una serie di conseguenze potenzialmente in grado di mettere a repentaglio la sicurezza del reattore. Lo studio di tale transitorio implica un’analisi multifase dei flussi, caratterizzata da svariate fenomenologie su diverse scale spaziali e temporali. MYRRHA è un reattore di ricerca pool-type raffreddato da una lega eutettica di piombo e bismuto (LBE). Pur essendo un Accelerator Driven System (ADS), ha la capacità di operare in modalità critica. La potenza generata nel sistema di raffreddamento primario è trasferita, tramite lo Scambiatore di Calore Primario (PHX), nel sistema secondario, per il quale l’acqua in pressione è stata selezionata come refrigerante. Le attività del Ph.D. si focalizzeranno sul progetto del reattore MYRRHA, con particolare riferimento al PHX. L’incidente di rottura di un tubo dello scambiatore stesso (PHXTR), con le conseguenze sugli altri componenti del reattore, sarà analizzato in una configurazione realistica del reattore tramite specifici modelli di calcolo ed attività sperimentali dedicate. Le analisi teoriche sulle conseguenze del rilascio di una miscela bifase di acqua-vapore nel vessel primario devono essere eseguite in condizioni rappresentative del reattore MYRRHA: questo comporta una fedele modellazione, in termini geometrici e di processo, dello scambiatore e degli altri componenti, al fine di essere in grado di simulare l’evoluzione dell’incidente nel modo migliore possibile. L’impatto sui componenti situati all’interno del vessel ed i carichi meccanici generati dall’incidente di rottura del tubo devono essere valutati in base alle reali condizioni d’impianto, così come l’incremento di pressione nel vessel e la conseguente apertura del disco di rottura. Numerose campagne sperimentali finalizzate all’analisi della rottura di un tubo dello scambiatore primario sono previste nell’ambito del progetto Europeo FP7-MAXSIMA. Tali esperimenti sono stati concepiti per simulare le condizioni operative del reattore MYRRHA nel migliore dei modi, allo scopo di validare i modelli di calcolo. Tali simulazioni numeriche saranno poi utilizzate per estendere le capacità predittive degli esperimenti. Lo scopo finale del Ph.D. consiste dunque nella finalizzazione del progetto dello scambiatore di calore del reattore MYRRHA, rivolgendo particolare attenzione allo studio dell’incidente di rottura di un tubo. La programmazione di specifici strumenti di calcolo è prevista al fine di essere in grado di simulare tutte le fasi dell’incidente e le potenziali implicazioni per la sicurezza dell’impianto.
Among the different nuclear plant concepts proposed in the frame of Generation IV, the pool-type reactors cooled by Heavy Liquid Metal represent one of the most promising options. One of the most important challenges, form the point of view of design and safety, consists in optimizing an efficient and compact design. Such requirements often imply the adoption of a lower number of cooling loops in comparison with similar reactor concepts. The intermediate loop can be eliminated by adopting a secondary fluid entering in a heat exchanger (or steam generator) located in the primary vessel. Pressurized water represents a common choice as secondary cooling fluid. One of the most safety-relevant events for this reactor concept is indeed represented by the accidental water ingress in the primary vessel, which can trigger a series of consequences potentially jeopardizing the reactor safety functions. The study of this transient implies the analysis of multiphase flow, characterized by several phenomena on different time and spatial scales. The MYRRHA reactor is a pool-type Material Testing Accelerator Driven System (ADS), cooled by Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) with the ability to operate also as a critical reactor. Pressurized water is adopted as secondary coolant, removing the power generated in the primary system through the Primary Heat Exchangers (PHX). The Ph. D. activities should focus on the MYRRHA reactor design and the impact of a PHX Tube Rupture (PHXTR) event on its components: all the analyses foreseen and the experimental campaigns in support of calculations should be aimed at studying the transient in MYRRHA relevant configuration. The theoretical analysis on the consequences following the moisture release into the primary vessel must be performed in MYRRHA-like conditions, assuming the correct dimensions for the PHX and all the related systems and components in order to be able to predict in the best way the PHXTR accident evolution. The impact on the reactor internals and the mechanical loads determined by the pressure wave and potential steam explosion should be evaluated according to the real MYRRHA configuration, as well as the pressure build-up in the reactor cover gas and the consequent reactor cover rupture disk break. The experimental campaign foreseen for MYRRHA PHXTR event, mainly in the framework of EU FP7-MAXSIMA project, have been run in a set of conditions that closely resembles the MYRRHA environment. The purpose is to validate the theoretical models and the numerical simulations towards the experiments in order to obtain suitable calculation tools allowing correct predictions. The final purpose of the Ph.D. activities consists then in fully covering the evolution of the PHXTR accident in the MYRRHA reactor by the use of suitable and validated computational tools, taking thus into account all the evolution phases and predicting the potential implications caused by the event.
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Jaeger, D. M. "The development of microstructure and its influence on stress rupture failure in iron based ODS alloys made by mechanical alloying." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321127.

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Thémines, Dominique. "Etude de la rupture et de l'endommagement thermique de refractaires siderurgiques." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2044.

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Determination du gradient d'endommagement de deux refractaires siderurgiques (magnesie-chrome) par un traitement thermique. Etude des contraintes a la rupture, des modules d'elasticite et des energies de rupture sur des echantillons de petite taille. Influence de l'inhomogeneite (agregats de magnesie) sur le comportement a la fissuration des eprouvettes
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Arcego, Mateus Leal. "Resistência à ruptura transversal de aços rápidos AISI M2 produzidos por metalurgia do pó e sujeitos a diferentes condições de tratamentos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2016. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1694.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus L Arcego.pdf: 5194681 bytes, checksum: 9d5f6ab15ecd1478d6bb01232de5fb71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os mecanismos que se destacaram na fratura sob diferentes condições de tratamento. As condições estudadas foram: Sinterizada (sem tratamento posterior a sinterização), Temperada e Revenida, Boretada, Normalizada, Temperada e Revenida com superfície jateada e Boretada + Revestimento de nitreto de titânio (TiN). Neste trabalho foram realizados ensaios de resistência à ruptura transversal (TRS) em aços rápidos (HSS) AISI M2 produzidos por metalurgia do pó (MP) e com diferentes condições de tratamentos térmicos aplicadas. As amostras foram produzidas com o pó do aço rápido AISI M2 atomizado à água, compactado uniaxialmente em matriz flutuante de duplo efeito e sinterizadas em forno à vácuo. Foram feitas 15 amostras por condição de forma a obter um controle estatístico da variação da porosidade das amostras. Ensaios TRS foram realizados levando os corpos de prova ao rompimento de forma abrupta, sem características de deformação plástica, o que caracterizou as fraturas como frágil. Em uma análise levando em conta a TRS, a dureza e a porosidade, evidenciou-se que a TRS e a dureza não são diretamente proporcionais, porém a TRS é sensível a porosidade, sendo que para variações de 3% na porosidade a TRS pode variar em até 20%. Observando as fractografias, notou-se que as amostras Boretadas, possuem mecanismos de preenchimento de poros através do crescimento da camada de boretos, o que é um fator positivo em relação a TRS. Outro mecanismo observado nas amostras boretadas, é o fato de ocorrer 2 modos de fratura na camada de boretos, o modo I, modo de abertura normal de trinca, e o modo II, modo deslizante de cisalhamento. Esse fato pode ser explicado pela diferença entre os módulos de Elasticidade entre as fases FeB e Fe2B da camada boretada, alterando o comportamento da curva de tensão-deformação, causando uma grande concentração de tensão na região e favorecendo a ocorrência deste efeito. Porosidades do tipo interligadas foram observadas na matriz de todas as condições analisadas.
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Books on the topic "Heart Rupture"

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1862-1926, Adami J. George, ed. Aneurysm of the ascending portion of the aortic arch, leading to external rupture. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Suzanne. Ruptured heart: A caretaker's journey. Long Branch, NJ: Vista Pub., 1995.

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W, Peterman, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Creep rupture behavior of iron superalloys in high-pressure hydrogen: [final report]. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Canale, Lauralice de Campos Franceschini., Mesquita R. A, and Totten George E, eds. Failure analysis of heat treated steel components. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2008.

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Whittenberger, J. Daniel. Mechanical properties of pure nickel alloys after long term exposures to LiOH and vacuum at 775 K. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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L, Brown David. Cardiovascular Plaque Rupture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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L, Brown David. Cardiovascular Plaque Rupture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Brown, David. Cardiovascular Plaque Rupture (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology, 45). Informa Healthcare, 2002.

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López-Sendón, José, and Esteban López de Sá. Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0045.

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Mechanical complications after an acute infarction include different forms of heart rupture, including free wall rupture, interventricular septal rupture, and papillary muscle rupture. Its incidence decreased dramatically with the widespread use of reperfusion therapies but may occur in 2–3% of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, and mortality is very high if not properly diagnosed, as surgery is the only effective treatment. Echocardiography is the most important tool for diagnosis that should be suspected in patients with hypotension, heart failure, or recurrent chest pain. Awareness and well-established protocols are crucial for an early diagnosis. Modern imaging techniques permit a more reliable and direct identification of left ventricular free wall rupture, which is almost impossible to identify with conventional echocardiography. Mitral regurgitation, secondary to papillary muscle ischaemia or necrosis or left ventricular dilatation and remodelling, without papillary muscle rupture, is frequent after myocardial infarction and is considered as an independent risk factor for outcomes. Revascularization to control ischaemia and surgical repair should be considered in all patients with severe or symptomatic mitral regurgitation in the absence of severe left ventricular dysfunction. Other mechanical complications include true aneurysms and thrombus formation in the left ventricle. Again, these complications have decreased with the use of early reperfusion therapies and, for thrombus formation, with aggressive antithrombotic treatment. In a single large randomized trial (STICH), surgical remodelling of the left ventricle failed to demonstrate a significant improvement in outcomes, although it still may be an option in selected patients.
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López-Sendón, José, and Esteban López de Sá. Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0045_update_001.

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Mechanical complications after an acute infarction include different forms of heart rupture, including free wall rupture, interventricular septal rupture, and papillary muscle rupture. Its incidence decreased dramatically with the widespread use of reperfusion therapies but may occur in 2–3% of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, and mortality is very high if not properly diagnosed, as surgery is the only effective treatment. Echocardiography is the most important tool for diagnosis that should be suspected in patients with hypotension, heart failure, or recurrent chest pain. Awareness and well-established protocols are crucial for an early diagnosis. Modern imaging techniques permit a more reliable and direct identification of left ventricular free wall rupture, which is almost impossible to identify with conventional echocardiography. Mitral regurgitation, secondary to papillary muscle ischaemia or necrosis or left ventricular dilatation and remodelling, without papillary muscle rupture, is frequent after myocardial infarction and is considered as an independent risk factor for outcomes. Revascularization to control ischaemia and surgical repair should be considered in all patients with severe or symptomatic mitral regurgitation in the absence of severe left ventricular dysfunction. Other mechanical complications include true aneurysms and thrombus formation in the left ventricle. Again, these complications have decreased with the use of early reperfusion therapies and, for thrombus formation, with aggressive antithrombotic treatment. In a single large randomized trial (STICH), surgical remodelling of the left ventricle failed to demonstrate a significant improvement in outcomes, although it still may be an option in selected patients.
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Book chapters on the topic "Heart Rupture"

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Koren, Ofir, Vivek Patel, Siamak Kohan, and Hezzy Shmueli. "Aortic Root Rupture Following TAVR Procedure." In Complex Cases in Structural Heart Intervention, 179–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05965-0_22.

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Bussmann, Wulf-Dirk. "Heart Failure Following Rupture of the Ventricular Septum." In Acute and Chronic Heart Failure, 129–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61627-3_7.

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Gallo, Alina, and Silvia Solari. "Surgical Complications After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Ventricular Septal Defect and Free Wall Rupture." In Ischemic Heart Disease, 477–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25879-4_29.

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Versaci, Francesco, Antonio Trivisonno, Francesco Prati, Anna De Fazio, Carlo Olivieri, Giampiero Vizzari, and Francesco Romeo. "Percutaneous Repair of Post-myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture." In Percutaneous Interventions for Structural Heart Disease, 295–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43757-6_25.

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Teoh, S. H. "New Insight into the Fracture and Wear Problems of a Mechanical Heart Valve — In Vitro Microstrain, Creep Rupture, and Wear Studies." In Heart Replacement, 348–52. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65921-1_51.

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Raviv, Jessica, and Barry Love. "Percutaneous Closure of Post-myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture." In Cardiac Imaging in Structural Heart Disease Interventions, 229–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50740-3_8.

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Houston, Mark C. "What Is Plugging Your Heart Arteries? Plaque Formation, Types of Plaque, and Plaque Rupture." In The Truth About Heart Disease, 155–66. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22808-16.

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Sadeghian, Hakimeh, and Zahra Savand-Roomi. "Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva: Noncoronary Cusp to the Right Atrium." In Echocardiographic Atlas of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, 363–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12934-1_112.

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Sadeghian, Hakimeh, and Zahra Savand-Roomi. "Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Rupture of the Chordae of the Posterior Mitral Leaflet." In Echocardiographic Atlas of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, 331–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12934-1_103.

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Sadeghian, Hakimeh, and Zahra Savand-Roomi. "Rupture of the Sinus of Valsalva: The Right Coronary Cusp to the Right Ventricle." In Echocardiographic Atlas of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, 359–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12934-1_111.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heart Rupture"

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Teng, Zhongzhao, Gador Canton, Chun Yuan, Marina Ferguson, Chun Yang, Xueying Huang, Jie Zheng, Pamela K. Woodard, and Dalin Tang. "Predicting Human Carotid Plaque Site of Rupture Using 3D Critical Plaque Wall Stress and Flow Shear Stress: A 3D Multi-Patient FSI Study Based on In Vivo MRI of Plaques With and Without Prior Rupture." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19080.

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Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary cause of cardiovascular clinical events such as heart attack and stroke. Image-based computational models of vulnerable plaques have been introduced seeking critical mechanical indicators which may be used to identify potential sites of rupture [1–5]. Models derived from 2D ex vivo and in vivo magnetic resonance images (MRI) have shown that 2D local critical stress values rather than global maximum stress values correlated better with plaque vulnerability, as defined by histopathological and morphological analyses [5]. A recent study by Tang et al. [4] using in vivo MRI-based 3D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models for ruptured human carotid plaques, reported that mean plaque wall stress (PWS) values from ulcer nodes were 86% higher than mean PWS values from all non-ulcer nodes (p<0.0001). This study extends the “critical stress” concept to 3D and uses 3D FSI models based on in vivo MRI data of human atherosclerotic carotid plaques with and without prior rupture to identify 3D critical plaque wall stress (CPWS), critical flow shear stress (CFSS), and to investigate their associations with plaque rupture.
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Maldonado, Natalia, Adreanne Kelly, Yuliya Vengrenyuk, John T. Fallon, Renu Virmani, Luis Cardoso, and Sheldon Weinbaum. "Human Coronary Microcalcifications: 3D High Resolution Characterization of Frequency Size and Distribution." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53198.

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Despite major advances in treatment of coronary heart disease, apparently healthy patients die suddenly. Rupture of vulnerable fibroatheroma plaques in coronary arteries cause more than 250,000 deaths a year, yet the mechanisms as to why some caps rupture and some others do not, remain unknown. The current criterion to consider a fibroatheroma as “vulnerable” or prone to rupture is the thickness of its fibrous cap. However, available screening techniques and the cap thickness criterion have been shown to be insufficient to identify the victims before the event occurs.
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Vengrenyuk, Yuliya, Theodore J. Kaplan, Luis Cardoso, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, and Sheldon Weinbaum. "Biomechanical Modeling of Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE Deficient Mice." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206571.

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Cardiovascular disease remains the principal killer in the western world despite major advances in treatment of its patients [1]. It is generally accepted that sudden rupture of vulnerable plaque followed by thrombus formation underlies most cases of myocardial infarction and is responsible for more than a half of 500,000 coronary heart disease deaths every year. Although histopathological analysis of postmortem specimens have provided important data on histological features of ruptured human plaques, there is an urgent need for good representative animal models of plaque rupture. Over the last decade and a half, genetically engineered mice have been widely used to study the pathogenesis and potential treatment of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as genetic, hormonal and environmental influences on development of atherosclerosis. Though many of the features of plaque development and progression that occur in human plaques are similarly observed in murine plaques, these mouse models have long been regarded as poor models to study plaque rupture because the aortic sinus lesions seldom show any signs of fibrous cap disruption. Several recent studies reported potentially unstable atherosclerotic lesions in older apoE-deficient mice in another anatomic site, the proximal part of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) [2, 3]. The unusual stability of aortic lesions compared to the BCA lesions in ApoE knockout mice is an unexplained paradox in developing a mouse model of plaque rupture. In this paper, we use histology based finite element analysis to evaluate peak circumferential stresses in aortic and BCA lesions from high fat fed ApoE KO mice.
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Tang, Dalin, Chun Yang, Jie Zheng, Shunichi Kobayashi, Gregorio A. Sicard, Pamela K. Woodard, and David N. Ku. "Cyclic Bending of Coronary Plaques Leads to Much Higher Stress Variations: A Major Factor Contributing to Plaque Rupture Risk." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175454.

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Mechanical forces play an important role in the complicated process of atherosclerotic plaque rupture which often leads to serious clinical events such as stroke and heart attack [4]. Factors causing the vulnerable plaque cap to fracture are important clinically [2–7]. It is known that coronary plaques are more likely to rupture compared to carotid plaques under comparable conditions (such as stenosis severity at about 50% by diameter). One possible reason is that coronary arteries are under cyclic bending caused by heart motions and compressions. We hypothesize that cyclic bending of coronary atherosclerotic plaques may be a major contributor to critical stress variations in the plaque leading to increased plaque rupture risk. We have developed MRI-based 3D multi-component models with fluid-structure interactions (FSI) in order to perform flow and stress/strain analysis for atherosclerotic plaques and identify possible mechanical and morphological indices for accurate plaque vulnerability assessment [6–7].
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Huang, Xueying, Chun Yang, Jie Zheng, Richard Bach, David Muccigrosso, Pamela K. Woodard, and Dalin Tang. "Sudden Death in Coronary Artery Disease are Associated With High 3D Critical Plaque Wall Stress: A 3D Multi-Patient FSI Study Based on Ex Vivo MRI of Coronary Plaques." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14501.

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Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary cause of cardiovascular clinical events such as heart attack and stroke. It is commonly believed that plaque rupture may be linked to critical mechanical conditions. Image-based computational models of vulnerable plaques have been introduced seeking critical mechanical indicators which may be used to identify potential sites of rupture [1–5]. A recent study by Tang et al. [4] using in vivo MRI-based 3D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models for human carotid plaques with and without rupture reported that higher critical plaque wall stress (CPWS) values were associated with plaques with rupture, compared to those without rupture. However, existing computational plaque models are mostly for carotid plaques based on MRI data. Comparable similar studies for coronary plaques are lacking in the current literature. In this study, 3D computational multi-component models with FSI were constructed to identified 3D critical plaque wall stress, critical flow shear stress (CFSS) based on ex vivo MRI data of coronary plaques acquired from 10 patients. The patients were split into 2 groups: patients died in carotid artery disease (CAD, Group 1, 6 patients) and non CAD (Group 2, 4 patients). The possible link between CPWS and death in CAD was investigated by comparing the CPWS values from the two groups.
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Pichamuthu, Joseph E., Julie A. Phillippi, Deborah A. Cleary, Douglas W. Chew, John Hempel, Thomas G. Gleason, and David A. Vorp. "Association of Mechanical Properties and Collagen Content With Valve Morphology in Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysmal Tissue." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53873.

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Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart malformation occurring in 1–2% of the population with a high rate of morbidity [1]. There is a significantly higher rate of dilation of the aortic root in adults with a BAV when compared to the normal population and this condition is often associated with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA). ATAA is characterized as an enlargement of the aorta to twice its normal diameter. If left untreated, ATAA can lead to aortic dissection or rupture. Therefore, ATAA is recommended for prophylactic surgery when its diameter reaches about 5.5 cm. However, in certain high-risk cases, such as patients with BAV, ATAA may rupture when its diameter is less than 5.5 cm. Since ATAA dissection and rupture are biomechanical phenomena, better mechanical models are needed to more accurately predict these events over the predictive capability of diameter alone.
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Aronis, Ze’ev, and Shmuel Einav. "Analysis of Biomechanical Forces Influencing Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206454.

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Cardiovascular disease has long been the leading cause of death in the western world: over 1.4 million heart attacks are suffered every year, more than half of which prove fatal. Vulnerable plaques are inflamed, active, and growing lesions which are prone to complications such as rupture, luminal and mural thrombosis, intraplaque hemorrhage, and rapid progression to stenosis. The rupture of thin fibrous cap overlying the necrotic core of a vulnerable plaque is the principal cause of acute coronary syndrome. The mechanism or mechanisms responsible for the sudden conversion of a stable atherosclerotic plaque to a life threatening athero-thrombotic lesion are not fully understood. It has been widely assumed that plaque morphology is the major determinant of clinical outcome [1, 2].
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Tang, Dalin, Chun Yang, and Shunnichi Kobayashi. "3-D Simulation for Blood Flow and Artery Compression in Asymmetric Stenotic Arteries With Axial Stretch." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23124.

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Abstract There has been increasing evidence that severe stenosis may cause artery compression and plaque cap rupture leading to heart attack and stroke. The physiological conditions under which that may occur and mechanisms involved are not well understood. It has been known that severe stenosis causes critical flow and wall mechanical conditions such as flow limitation, flow separation, low and oscillating shear stress distal to the stenosis, high shear stress and low or even negative flow pressure at the throat of stenosis, artery compression or even collapse. Those conditions are related to limitation of blood supply, intimal thickening and thrombosis formation, endothelism damage, platelet activation and aggregation, plaque cap rupture (for review, see [1,2]). Due to the complexity of the problem and lack of experimental data for mechanical properties of arteries under both expansion and compression, previous models were limited primarily to flow behaviors and with various limitations (axisymmetry, rigid wall, small strain, small pressure gradient). In this paper, experimental data for artery mechanical properties under physiological conditions were measured and a 3-d computational model is introduced to investigate flow behaviors and wall stress and strain distributions with fluid-structure interactions to better understand the mechanism involved in artery compression and plaque cap rupture.
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Tierney, Áine, Anthony Callanan, and Tim M. McGloughlin. "Improvements in Rupture Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Local Mechanical Property Estimation Obtained From ECG-Gated Computed Tomography." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19431.

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Cardiovascular disease concerns any disease which affects the heart or blood vessels. Aneurysms account for a significant portion of these cardiovascular diseases. The most common type of aneurysm is abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) which affects up to 5% of the population over the age of 55. AAA is a focal balloon like dilation of the terminal aorta that occurs gradually over a span of years [1]. There are approximately 200,000 patients in the US and 500,000 patients worldwide diagnosed with AAA each year [2]. The incidences of AAA’s has increased largely during the past two decades due in part to the aging demographic, the rise in the number of smokers, the introduction of screening programmes and improved diagnostic tools [3].
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Bielecki, Michael A., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "The Use of a Pulsatile Perfusion Apparatus for the Assessment of Aortic Valve Function within Formalin Fixed Human Hearts: Pre- And Post-Tavr Implantation with Subsequent Micro-CT Analyses." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1059.

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Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is often the clinical choice for patients with severe aortic stenosis or as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for high-risk patients. In these patients, the incidence of complications, including aortic annular rupture, coronary occlusion, and newonset atrial fibrillation is just under five percent. The Visible Heart® Laboratories have a library of over 500 perfusion-fixed human hearts preserved in formalin. These specimens can be utilized to better understand aortic valvular function associated with various diseased states with proper pulsatile profusion. This preclinical benchtop model could also be used for the testing of TAVR devices: e.g., to better understand proper placement techniques. Here we describe the continued development of a pulsatile perfusion apparatus constructed to assess the aortic valve function of these human heart specimens: i.e., pre- and post- TAVR deployment. Multi-modal imaging can be utilized, including videoscopes, fluoroscopy, and echocardiography. Resultant placements, the device-tissue interface within the valvular annulus can be subsequently assessed using micro-CT imaging. This pre-clinical approach also allows for this unique human heart. Specimens to be utilized numerous times, providing real anatomical scenarios for the testing of these devices.
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Reports on the topic "Heart Rupture"

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Shingledecker, J. P., D. B. Glanton, R. L. Martin, B. L. Sparks, and R. W. Swindeman. Tensile and Creep-Rupture Evaluation of a New Heat of Haynes Alloy 25. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901496.

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Shingledecker, J. P., D. B. Glanton, R. L. Martin, B. L. Sparks, and R. W. Swindeman. Tensile and Creep-Rupture Evaluation of a New Heat of Haynes Alloy 25. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921772.

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Wang, Hong, C. Shane Hawkins, Eric C. Disney, and Jeremy L. Moser. The Initiation of Long-Term Creep Rupture Tests on the First Alloy 709 Commercial Heat. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476397.

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McKamey, C. G., and P. J. Maziasz. Effect of heat treatment at 1150 C on creep-rupture properties of alloy FA-180. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266754.

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Li, Leijun. Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Creep Rupture Properties of Grade 91 Steel Heavy Section Welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054220.

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McMurtrey, Michael. Report on the FY18 creep rupture and creep-fatigue tests on the first commercial heat of Alloy 709. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484686.

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McKamey, C. G., P. J. Maziasz, and Y. Marrero-Santos. Effect of heat treatment at 1,150 C on creep rupture properties of a Fe{sub 3}Al-based alloy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/52848.

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Natesan, Krishnamurti, Xuan Zhang, and Meimei Li. Report on the initiation of planned FY18 short and intermediate term creep rupture tests and creep-fatigue tests on the first commercial heat of Alloy 709. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485134.

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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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