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Journal articles on the topic 'Heartworm in dogs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Clemmons, R. M., R. A. Yamaguchi, R. G. Schaub, J. Fleming, M. R. Dorsey-Lee, and T. L. McDonald. "Interaction between canine platelets and adult heartworms: Platelet recognition of heartworm surfaces." American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, no. 2 (1986): 322–25. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.02.322.

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SUMMARY An interaction between blood platelets and adult heartworms was examined in vitro. Surfaces of glutaraldehyde-fixed heartworms, which were taken from infected dogs, washed, and incubated in platelet-rich plasma (prp), were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Adherence of platelets to heartworms occurred only with prp from infected dogs. Aggregation to epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate of prp incubated with heartworms was monitored. Seemingly, platelet activation to heartworm membranes occurs in dogs with heartworm disease. The increased platelet reactivity was also observed

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2

Boudreaux, Mary K., Allen R. Dillon, Eva A. Sartin, William R. Ravis, and Joseph S. Spano. "Effects of treatment with ticlopidine in heartworm-negative, heartworm-infected, and embolized heartworm-infected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 12 (1991): 2000–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.12.2000.

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SUMMARY Ticlopidine hydrochloride was evaluated for its effectiveness in inhibiting platelet aggregation and serotonin release in 5 laboratory Beagles before and after heart-worm implantation with 7 adult Dirofilaria immitis, and after embolization with 7 dead heartworms to mimic what happens after heartworm adulticide treatment. Five other laboratory Beagles, similarly implanted and embolized with heartworms, were used as nonmedicated controls. During the heartworm-negative stage, the dosage of ticlopidine that inhibited adenosine diphosphate (adp)-induced platelet aggregation in 5 dogs by at

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3

Rawlings, Clarence A., and John W. McCall. "Surgical transplantation of adult Dirofilaria immitis to study heartworm infection and disease in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 1 (1985): 221–24. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.01.221.

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SUMMARY Heartworm infections were established in dogs by surgical transplantation of adult heartworms into the external jugular vein. The heartworms were obtained from donor dogs that had been infected with large numbers of infective larvae. This heartworm model standardized the infection with a known number of heartworms of a known age and sex. This paper presents the methods for obtaining heartworms from donor dogs, for selection of recipient dogs, and for transplantation of heartworms.

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4

Rawlings, Clarence A., Quentin Tonelli, Robert E. Lewis, and J. Robert Duncan. "Semiquantitative test for Dirofilaria immitis as a predictor of thromboembolic complications associated with heartworm treatment in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 6 (1993): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.06.914.

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Summary A semiquantitative heartworm test of antigen concentration was evaluated as a predictor of thromboembolism after adulticide treatment. Seventeen dogs with naturally acquired infections of Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) were studied before and after thiacetarsamide treatment, using physical examinations, arterial blood gas analyses, thoracic radiography, and pulmonary hemodynamic and arteriographic tests. Eight dogs were considered to have a low burden of heartworms and 9 had a high burden. Dogs with a high worm burden had more severe pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary hypertens

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5

Boudreaux, Mary K., Allen R. Dillon, William R. Ravis, Eva A. Sartin, and Joseph S. Spano. "Effects of treatment with aspirin or aspirin/dipyridamole combination in heartworm-negative, heartworm-infected, and embolized heartworm-infected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 12 (1991): 1992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.12.1992.

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SUMMARY To determine the drug dose required to inhibit platelet reactivity by at least 50%, 2 drug regimens were evaluated in heartworm-negative, heartworm-infected, and heartworm-infected dogs embolized with dead heart-worms. Aspirin, or a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole, were administered to 2 groups of Beagles (n = 5 each) for 5 to 9 days; a third group of 5 Beagles served as nontreated controls. For heartworm-negative dogs, mean (± sd) aspirin dosage that inhibited collagen-induced platelet reactivity by at least 50% was 6 (± 2) mg/kg of body weight given once daily. The aspirin/di

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6

Lamb, Victoria L., Jeffrey F. Williams, and Lana Kaiser. "Effect of serum from dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis on endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aorta in vitro." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 12 (1993): 2056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.12.2056.

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Summary Endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine femoral artery in vivo is depressed in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms). In vitro, endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta from rat is depressed in the presence of adult heartworms or heartworm-conditioned media. The depression of relaxation is attributable, in part, to a low molecular weight, biologically active product that is released by the adult parasites. Because heartworms reside in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, biologically active factors produced by the parasites could circulate and alter endothelial cel

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7

Thilsted, John P., Jerry Whorton, Clair M. Hibbs, Gregory P. Jillson, Rick Steece, and Mary Stromei. "Comparison of four serotests for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 48, no. 5 (1987): 837–41. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1987.48.05.837.

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SUMMARY Three hundred two dogs were tested with 4 serotests for heartworm antigen (ag) or antibody (ab) and with the Knott test. The 4 serotests evaluated were an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for adult heart-worm-specific ab (ab-elisa), a quantitative, indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) for adult heartworm-specific ab (ab-ifa), an ifa test for microfilaria (mf)-specific ab (mf-ifa), and an elisa for adult heartworm ag (ag-elisa). The presence of heartworms was ascertained in all dogs by necropsy examination. Of 302 dogs, 20 (6.6%) had heartworms in the heart at necropsy. Of in

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8

Rawlings, Clarence A., Royce Roberts, Gil Jacobs, John McCall, John Brown, and Michael Burrow. "Comparison of thoracic radiographs with images transmitted via advanced telecommunications equipment." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211, no. 10 (1997): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.211.10.1245.

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Objective To compare thoracic radiographs of clinically normal dogs and dogs with mild clinical heartworm disease with images transmitted by a desktop, two-way audiovisual teleconferencing system. Design Prospective, matched-set study. Study Population 50 thoracic radiographs from clinically normal and heartworm-infected dogs and the digitally transmitted images of those radiographs. Procedure Thoracic radiographs from 25 clinically normal dogs and 25 dogs infected with 1 to 24 heartworms were evaluated by 3 clinicians. Using classic criteria for heartworm disease, evaluations of radiographs a

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9

Pană, D., A. Rădulescu, I. L. Mitrea, and M. Ionita. "First report on clinical feline heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in Romania." Helminthologia 57, no. 1 (2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0009.

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SummaryDirofilaria immitis (Nematoda: Filarioidea) is the causative agent of heartworm disease (HWD), a severe and potentially fatal condition in dogs. Although cats are considered more resistant to infection than dogs, they are also susceptible to heartworm infection. Moreover, the clinical importance of feline dirofilariosis has increased in recent years, especially in heartworm endemic areas. In contrast to dog, definitive antemortem diagnosis of heartworm infection in cat is difficult to achieve and a combination of testing methods must be used for clinical confirmation. Here we describe a

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10

Rawlings, Clarence A., Jean Pierre Raynaud, Robert E. Lewis, and J. Robert Duncan. "Pulmonary thromboembolism and hypertension after thiacetarsamide vs melarsomine dihydrocholoride treatment of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 6 (1993): 920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.06.920.

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Summary The severity of pulmonary thromboembolism and pulmonary hypertension induced by heartworms dying after administration of 2 adulticides was evaluated. Because melarsomine dihydrochloride (RM340) has been shown to be more effective in killing Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) than the traditional approved adulticide, thiacetarsamide, an attempt was made to determine whether this new adulticide induced more severe lung disease. Before adulticide treatment, 32 dogs with naturally acquired heartworm infections received physical examinations, semiquantitative antigen concentration tests, cbc,

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11

Venugopalan, C. S., E. Holmes, and N. A. O'Malley. "Comparison of arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine in heartworm-infected and noninfected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 11 (1989): 1872–76. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.11.1872.

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SUMMARY The arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ade) was determined in heartworm-infected and noninfected (control) dogs during thiamylal-induced and halothane-maintained anesthesia to assess the myocardial sensitization. The ade in heartworm-infected dogs (2.42 ± 0.26 μg/kg of body weight) was significantly lower than that for the controls (3.36 ± 0.29 μg/kg). After 2 weeks, ade was determined again in these dogs after atropine treatment. Atropine treatment lowered the ade to 1.76 ± 0.33 μg/kg and 1.77 ± 0.19 μg/kg in heartworm-positive and -negative dogs, respectively. After 2 weeks more, th

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12

Maksimowich, Daria S., Maria Mupanomunda, Jeffrey F. Williams, and Lana Kaiser. "Effect of heartworm infection on in vitro contractile responses of canine pulmonary artery and vein." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 4 (1997): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.04.394.

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Abstract Objective To test the effect of heartworm infection on agonist-induced constriction of canine pulmonary artery and vein in vitro. Procedure Cumulative concentration-response relations to norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, prostaglandin F2α, and the thromboxane A2 analog U-44069 were determined, using isolated rings of pulmonary artery and vein from control and heartworm-infected dogs. To determine the role of endothelial cells in histamine constriction, some rings were denuded of endothelial cells in both artery and vein. Animals Noninfected control and heartworm-infected dogs. Res

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13

Henry, Carolyn J., and Ray Dillon. "Heartworm disease in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 204, no. 8 (1994): 1148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1994.204.08.1148.

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14

Alho, Ana Margarida, António Fiarresga, Miguel Landum, et al. "A Homemade Snare: An Alternative Method for Mechanical Removal ofDirofilaria immitisin Dogs." Veterinary Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5780408.

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Canine dirofilariosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease that is increasingly reported worldwide. Once diagnosed the main treatment goals are to improve the animal’s clinical condition and to eliminate all life stages of the parasite with minimal posttreatment side effects. This can be achieved through mechanical, surgical, or chemotherapeutical approaches. Currently, manual extraction is the preferred method to remove adult heartworms due to its diminished invasiveness, reduced damage to the vascular endothelium, and shortened anaesthesia duration. However, it remains an expensive techni

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15

Kulnides, Narong, Athip Lorsirigool, Natapol Pumipuntu, Chaikamon Chantrarasmee, and Nopparuj Janthong. "Incidence and Hematological Changes in Dogs Infected with Dirofilaria immitis in Thailand." World's Veterinary Journal 13 (March 25, 2023): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj11.

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Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs. Clinical signs are non-specific, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. The most common symptoms include coughing, emaciation, dyspnoea, and sudden loss of consciousness. Therefore, diagnosing heartworm infection in dogs requires a combination of methods, such as hematology and serology. This study was conducted on dogs with clinical signs, including anorexia, coughing, panting, and hind legs weakness, that was referred accidentally to a pet clinic in Thonburi district, Bangkok Province, Thailand, during 2020-2022. The ex

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16

Quintana-Mayor, Agustina Isabel, Elena Carretón, and José Alberto Montoya-Alonso. "Efficacy of Sustained-Release Formulation of Moxidectin (Guardian SR) in Preventing Heartworm Infection over 18 Months in Dogs Living in a Hyperendemic Area." Animals 14, no. 20 (2024): 3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14203001.

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This study investigates the efficacy of a sustained-release (SR) moxidectin microsphere formulation in preventing canine heartworm infection over 18 months in Canary Hound dogs, a hunting breed common in the Canary Islands, which is a hyperendemic region. These dogs typically do not receive preventive treatments and act as reservoirs for the disease. This field study was conducted across 11 hunting kennels with 109 dogs living outdoors, none of whom were receiving heartworm prophylaxis, with Dirofilaria immitis prevalence ranging from 11.1% to 57.1% (average 36.7%). Among these, 20 clinically

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17

Ye, Hanyang. "Heartworm disease in canines." Theoretical and Natural Science 35, no. 1 (2024): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/35/20240887.

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Heartworm disease is a parasitic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis that affects the pulmonary arteries in canines, causing circulatory disturbances and breathing difficulties. The disease is transmitted through mosquito bites and the worms mature in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels of canines. Wolbachia, an endosymbiont bacteria present in D. immitis, triggers the canine immune response leading to acute and chronic inflammation in the heart and lung vasculature. The primary lesions in pulmonary arteries and lung parenchyma, along with the proliferation of the worms, result in

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18

Mupanomunda, Maria, Jeffrey F. Williams, and Lana Kaiser. "Effect of heartworm infection on fade of norepinephrine-induced constriction in canine pulmonary vein." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 2 (1996): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.02.172.

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Abstract Objective To test the possible role of endothelial cells in mediating fade of norepinephrine-induced constriction and the effect of heartworm infection on these responses. Design Rings of pulmonary vein from control and heartworm-infected dogs were constricted with norepinephrine (10−5.5M) and followed over 65 minutes. Time profiles were established by measuring active tension every 2 minutes for the first 10 minutes, then every 5 minutes for 15 minutes, then every 10 minutes for 40 minutes. Time profiles were done in pulmonary vein rings with and without endothelial cells, and in the

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Shiang, Howard, Roy Jurado, Si Kwang Liu, Virginia Chen, Jaclyn Calem, and Robert S. Litwak. "Nine-month evaluation of dogs after open-heart surgical removal of heartworms." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 190, no. 11 (1987): 1425. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1987.190.11.1425.

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Summary Adult heartworms were surgically removed from 4 infected dogs by use of intracardiac techniques during cardiopulmonary bypass. The number of worms removed ranged from 12 to 14 per dog. Observation for 9 months after surgery gave no clinical evidence of active adult heartworm infection, in spite of the consistent finding of circulating microfilariae during the follow-up period. There were no significant early or late postoperative complications. Results of postoperative hematologic and biochemical studies were unremarkable. At necropsy (following euthanasia, 9 months after surgery) the

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Kitagawa, H., Y. Sasaki, J. Kumasaka, C. Mikami, K. Kitoh, and K. Kusano. "Clinical and laboratory changes after administration of milbemycin oxime in heartworm-free and heartworm-infected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 4 (1993): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.04.520.

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Summary Adverse reactions to oral administration of milbemycin oxime were investigated in heartworm (hw)-free and hw-infected dogs given either the minimal hw prophylactic dose (0.25 mg/kg of body weight) or the hookworm anthelmintic dose (0.5 mg/kg). In 12 hw-free control dogs treated with lactose excipient (100 mg/kg), abnormal signs were not observed. There were no differences between the 2 doses in prevalence of clinical signs of disease and laboratory test results. In 60 hw-free dogs (50 dogs administered the low dose, and 10 dogs given the high dose) and 46 nonmicrofilaremic hw-infected

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Rohrbach, Barton W., Agricola Odoi, and Sharon Patton. "Survey of Heartworm Prevention Practices Among Members of a National Hunting Dog Club." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 47, no. 3 (2011): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5643.

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Surveillance data indicate that failures have been reported for virtually all heartworm prevention product categories. Resistance of third and fourth stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis to macrocyclic lactones, lack of compliance, other unknown factors, or a combination of these reasons may be the cause of failure. A survey of members of a national hunting dog club was conducted to identify practices used to prevent canine heartworm infections. Questionnaires were completed by 708 dog owners. Year-round administration of heartworm preventive medication was reported by 208 (88%) respondents res

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Paul, Allan J., Kenneth S. Todd, Kenneth E. Acre, et al. "Efficacy of ivermectin chewable tablets and two new ivermectin tablet formulations against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 11 (1991): 1922–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.11.1922.

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SUMMARY One hundred four heartworm-free Beagles < 1 year old were studied to determine the efficacy of ivermectin chewable tablets and of 2 other ivermectin tablet formulations against heartworm larvae. At 30 days after sc inoculation of dogs with infective Dirofilaria immitis larvae, all ivermectin formulations were given orally at dosage of 6 μg/kg of body weight. The ivermectin chewable tablets also were given orally at dosage of 2 and 6 μg/kg at 30 and 45 days, respectively, after injection of larvae. Replicates of 6 or 8 dogs in each study were formed on the basis of gender and body we

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Kitagawa, H., Y. Sasaki, K. Ishihara, and M. Kawakami. "Cardiopulmonary function values before and after heartworm removal in dogs with caval syndrome." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 1 (1991): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.01.126.

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SUMMARY Cardiopulmonary function values were determined before and after surgical removal of adult heartworms in 25 dogs with spontaneous and 4 dogs with drug-induced caval syndrome (cs). Fifteen dogs with spontaneous cs (recovery group) and 4 dogs with drug-induced cs (drug-induced cs group) recovered after removal, and 10 dogs with spontaneous cs were euthanatized or died (nonsurviving group). Before heartworm removal, injected radiographic contrast medium was regurgitated from the right ventricle to the right atrium. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary resistance were not s

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Mezencev, S., and N. Mezenceva. "Diagnosis of heartworm in dogs." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 11 (November 13, 2017): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1048297.

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Dirofilariasis refers to a group of diseases characterized by transmissible transmission, slow development, prolonged course and the formation of synanthropic and natural foci. The source of infection of dogs in synanthropic foci are mosquitoes. The generally accepted method of research on dirofilariasis is microscopy of blood with different reagents and dyes. This method is effective only in the circulation step microfilaria in venous blood of animals. For accurate and differential diagnosis of dirofilariasis, immunochromatographic test systems are used for rapid analysis of infestation. The

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Steffens, W. L., and J. W. McCall. "Ivermectin-Induced Hypertrophic Changes in Adult Canine Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitis) Gut Epithelium." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 1144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600025848.

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Ivermectin is a drug widely utilized for its anthelminthic activity over a diverse range of animal parasites. It has proved to be particularly useful in the prophylaxis of infection by the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs and cats. Although its application in this respect has been as a filaricide in preventing early growth and maturation of naturally acquired larvae, it is known to have activity against young adults as well. Previous studies have shown that in vitro exposure to ivermectin induces somatic muscle paralysis in the nematode Haemonchus contortus, resulting in pharyngeal dysf

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McCall, John W., Tom L. McTier, William G. Ryan, Sheila J. Gross, and Mark D. Soll. "Evaluation of ivermectin and milbemycin oxime efficacy against Dirofilaria immitis infections of three and four months' duration in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 8 (1996): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.08.1189.

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Abstract Objectives To determine the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and milbemycin oxime (MBO) against induced heartworm infection, where monthly treatment is started 3 or 4 months after infection, and to monitor microfilaremia and antigenemia. Animals 21 heartworm-naive Beagles. Procedures Each of 21 dogs was given 50 infective larvae of Dirofilaria immitis by SC inoculation. One group of 5 dogs served as nonmedicated controls, 2 groups of 5 dogs received IVM at 6 μg/kg of body weight or MBO at 500 μg/kg for 12 months beginning at postinfection (PI) month 4, and 2 groups of 3 dogs received IVM

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Mupanomunda, Maria, Jeffrey F. Williams, Charles D. Mackenzie, and Lana Kaiser. "Dirofilaria immitis: heartworm infection alters pulmonary artery endothelial cell behavior." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 2 (1997): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.389.

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Mupanomunda, Maria, Jeffrey F. Williams, Charles D. Mackenzie, and Lana Kaiser. Dirofilaria immitis:heartworm infection alters pulmonary artery endothelial cell behavior. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 389–398, 1997.—The pathogenesis of filariasis has generally been attributed to either physical presence of the adult parasites or the host’s immune response to the parasites. However, the spectrum of filariasis cannot be entirely explained by these causes, and other mechanisms must be operative. It is now evident that factors released by filarial parasites likely contribute to the pathogenesis of fila

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Montoya-Alonso, José Alberto, Rodrigo Morchón, Jorge Isidoro Matos, Yaiza Falcón-Cordón, Noelia Costa-Rodriguez, and Elena Carretón. "Dirofilaria immitis Could Be a Risk Factor for the Development of Allergic Diseases in Humans." Animals 10, no. 10 (2020): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101847.

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The Canary Islands are hyperendemic for canine heartworm and the risk of zoonotic infection is high. Additionally, there is evidence of development of allergies due to nematode infections in animals and humans. Since the population of the Canary Islands presents high prevalence of allergic comorbidities, and previous studies have shown a possible relationship between allergies and seropositivity to heartworm, the aim was to evaluate whether exposure to heartworm may contribute to the development of allergies in the human population. First, an epidemiological study was conducted on 248 owners o

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Boudreaux, M. K., and A. R. Dillon. "Platelet function, antithrombin-III activity, and fibrinogen concentration in heartworm-infected and heartworm-negative dogs treated with thiacetarsamide." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 12 (1991): 1986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.12.1986.

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SUMMARY Platelet aggregation and release, platelet number, mean platelet volume, antithrombin-III activity, and fibrinogen concentration were evaluated in heartworm-negative and heartworm-infected dogs at baseline and on days 3, 10, and 21 after treatment with thiacetarsamide. Platelet reactivity was enhanced in a group of dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis, compared with 2 groups of heartworm-negative dogs, but platelet reactivity was not further enhanced after treatment with thiacetarsamide. A significant decrease in antithrombin-III activity was detected 21 days after treatmen

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Rawlings, Clarence A. "Effect of Monthly Heartworm Preventatives on Dogs With Young Heartworm Infections." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 38, no. 4 (2002): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0380311.

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Matsukura, Yoshihito, Makoto Washizu, Motoki Kondo, et al. "Decreased pulmonary arterial endothelium-dependent relaxation in heartworm-infected dogs with pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 2 (1997): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.02.171.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the contractility of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and the relation between pulmonary hypertension and endothelium-derived relaxing factor in canine heartworm disease. Animals 18 noninfected control and 9 heartworm-infected dogs. Procedure Mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure was measured in vivo, and tension of pulmonary arterial strips was measured by use of the isometric tension method. Results After phenylephrine (10−5M)-induccd contraction of the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, carbamylcholine chloride (CCh, 10−6M) caused more relaxation of the vas

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Maksimowich, Daria S., Thomas G. Bell, Jeffrey F. Williams, and Lana Kaiser. "Effect of arsenical drugs on in vitro vascular responses of pulmonary artery from heartworm-infected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 4 (1997): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.04.389.

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Abstract Objective To test the effect of thiacetarsamide and melarsomine on vascular responses in isolated rings of pulmonary artery from heartworm-infected dogs. Animals 18 heartworm-infected dogs. Procedure Isolated rings of pulmonary artery from heartworm-infected dogs were randomly treated with thiacetarsamide (30 μg/ml) or melarsomine dihydrochloride (30 μg/ml) for 30 minutes; untreated rings from the same dog served as control. Cumulative dose-response relations to norepinephrine, nitroglycerin, and methacholine were determined. Results Norepinephrine-induced constriction was not altered

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Boudreaux, Mary K., Allen R. Dillon, and Joseph S. Spano. "Enhanced platelet reactivity in heartworm-infected dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 9 (1989): 1544–47. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.09.1544.

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SUMMARY Platelet number, mean platelet volume, and platelet function were evaluated in 34 clinically normal dogs and 28 heartworm-infected (hwi) dogs. Mean platelet numbers for dogs of the hwi group was not significantly lower than those for dogs of the control group (214,000 vs 254,000 cells/μl); however, 6 (21%) hwi dogs had platelet numbers < 150,000/μl, compared with only 2 (6%) heartworm-negative dogs. The mean platelet volume was not significantly different (7.8 vs 7.7 fl) between the 2 groups of dogs. Mean platelet aggregation responses to intermediate and low concentrations of colla

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Courtney, Charles H., and John A. Cornell. "Evaluation of heartworm immunodiagnostic tests." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197, no. 6 (1990): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.197.06.724.

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Summary In this report, the use of appropriate statistical methods for the evaluation of heartworm immunodiagnostic tests is discussed. The evaluation of these tests is complicated by factors causing variation in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive values of positive and negative test results. The primary sources of inconsistency are variation in the prevalence of heartworm infection among populations of dogs and the sensitivity of immunodiagnostic tests to various categories of heartworm infections (ie, patent, immune-mediated occult, unisex occult, and immature occult). Sample

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Ogawa, Guilherme Maerschner, Edson Neves da Cruz, Príscila Nayara Araújo Cunha, and Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo. "Canine heartworm disease in Porto Velho: first record, distribution map and occurrence of positive mosquitoes." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 22, no. 4 (2013): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612013000400017.

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The aim of this study was to make the first report on canine heartworm disease in the state of Rondônia and confirm its transmission in this state. Blood samples were randomly collected from 727 dogs in the city of Porto Velho. The samples were analyzed to search for microfilariae and circulating antigens, using three different techniques: optical microscopy on thick blood smears stained with Giemsa; immunochromatography; and PCR. Mosquitoes were collected inside and outside the homes of all the cases of positive dogs and were tested using PCR to search for DNA of Dirofilaria immitis. Ninety-t

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Stoyanova, H., E. Carretón, and J. A. Montoya-Alonso. "Stray dogs of Sofia (Bulgaria) could be an important reservoir of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis)." Helminthologia 56, no. 4 (2019): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2019-0033.

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SummaryDirofilaria immitis (heartworm) is a zoonotic and an emerging disease, expanding in Europe. In Bulgaria, the presence of the parasite has been described in many regions. However, canine heartworm has hardly been evaluated in the capital of the country and, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of canine heartworm in Sofia. Eighty stray dogs from the city of Sofia and the metropolitan area were analysed for circulating D. immitis antigens. The prevalence was 31.25 %, being 34.7 % in the metropolitan area and 25.8 % in the city of Sofia. The curr

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Radoslav, Rafailov, Popov Georgi, Kanchev Kostadin, and Manov Vasil. "PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH SPONTANEOUS HEARTWORM DISEASE." Tradition and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine 7, no. 1 (2022): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6376274.

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Study reveals the pathomorphological findings of 6 dogs, 3 males and 3 females, diagnosed with Heartworm disease. By necropsies were found a total number of 144 adult stages (74 male and 70 female) of the nematode Dirofilaria immitis, located in a. pulmonalis, right ventricle and atrium and sulcus vena cavae. The gross pathology shows right-sided enlargement of the heart, dilated pulmonary arteries, and single petechial hemorrhages in the lungs. Histopathologically, degenerative changes in the pulmonary arteries, thickening of the pulmonary valves, interstitial reactions in the lungs and prote

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Montoya-Alonso, José Alberto, Rodrigo Morchón, Sara Nieves García-Rodríguez, et al. "Expansion of Canine Heartworm in Spain." Animals 12, no. 10 (2022): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101268.

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The climate of Spain has favourable characteristics for the development of D. immitis in dogs, being an endemic country. Given that vector-borne diseases are spreading rapidly through Europe, due to factors such as climate change, the expansion of vectors and the increased mobility of reservoir animals, the aim was to update the epidemiology of heartworm in dogs and analyse the results based on climate and other epidemiological and geo-environmental factors. To this aim, 9543 blood samples from dogs from all provinces and autonomous cities of Spain were analysed for the detection of antigens o

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Kibkalo, D. V., O. V. Mazannyi, O. V. Nikiforova та M. I. Korenev. "Features of the clinical manifestation of dirofіlariosis (D. immitis) in dogs". Veterinary Science, Technologies of Animal Husbandry and Nature Management, № 9 (23 травня 2024): 119–27. https://doi.org/10.31890/vttp.2024.09.12.

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Intravital diagnosis of dirofilariosis is a topical issue in veterinary medicine. Pet owners often seek help from specialists when the animal shows far from the first clinical signs of infestation. Clinical signs of heartworm disease are not informative and require confirmation of the diagnosis by laboratory tests. There are cases when dirofilariosis is diagnosed during the clinical examination of animals for various pathologies. The aim of the work was to study the features of the clinical manifestation of heart form of dirofilariosis in dogs and to establish the most common symptoms of this

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Gomes, Luciana AM, Maria Lucia Serrão, Rosemere Duarte, Alexandre Bendas, and Norma Labarthe. "Attraction of mosquitoes to domestic cats in a heartworm enzootic region." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 4 (2007): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.01.009.

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Heartworm disease is caused by a mosquito-borne parasite that can affect many different mammalian species and has worldwide distribution. The agent, Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy 1856), infect mainly dogs but feline infection have been frequently reported in the last decade. Feline heartworm infection is difficult to detect, therefore, low reported prevalence could reflect true low prevalence or poor diagnostic efficiency. As mosquitoes are known to be attracted differently by different mammalian species, mosquitoes were collected from both a cattery and a contiguous home located in a canine hear

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Courtney, Charles H., and Qi-Yun Zeng. "Comparison of heartworm antigen test kit performance in dogs having low heartworm burdens." Veterinary Parasitology 96, no. 4 (2001): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00374-0.

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Ames, Marisa K., and Clarke E. Atkins. "Treatment of dogs with severe heartworm disease." Veterinary Parasitology 283 (July 2020): 109131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109131.

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Venco, L., L. Kramer, and Claudio Genchi. "Heartworm disease in dogs: Unusual clinical cases." Veterinary Parasitology 133, no. 2-3 (2005): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.010.

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Falcón-Cordón, Soraya, Yaiza Falcón-Cordón, Alicia Caro-Vadillo, Noelia Costa-Rodríguez, José Alberto Montoya-Alonso, and Elena Carretón. "Association between Thoracic Radiographic Changes and Indicators of Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Heartworm Disease." Animals 14, no. 13 (2024): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14131900.

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a consequence of pulmonary endarteritis during infection with Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Echocardiography is the technique of choice but is not always accessible to all clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the radiological findings in dogs with heartworm disease and the presence or absence of echocardiographically characterised PH. The study included 62 heartworm-infected dogs that underwent thoracic radiographs and echocardiography. The studied dogs showed moderate to severe PH when the Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility (RPAD) Index

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Matos, Jorge Isidoro, Sara Nieves García-Rodríguez, Noelia Costa-Rodríguez, Alicia Caro-Vadillo, Elena Carretón, and José Alberto Montoya-Alonso. "Right Ventricle Strain Assessed by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2D-STE) to Evaluate Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Dirofilaria immitis." Animals 14, no. 1 (2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14010026.

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Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle is helpful for analysing the pathophysiology of heartworm disease and detecting pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs. In veterinary cardiology, the study of myocardial deformation using two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STE) echocardiography has become increasingly acknowledged as useful for quantifying right ventricular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of myocardial deformation strain of the right ventricular free wall (FWS), global deformation strain of the right ventricle, including the interventricular sept

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MAFTEI, Anca, Larisa IVĂNESCU, Lavinia ANDRONIC, et al. "DIAGNOSIS OF HEARTWORM DISEASES TROUGH DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES." Scientific Papers Journal VETERINARY SERIES 67, no. 3 (2024): 96–100. https://doi.org/10.61900/spjvs.2024.03.15.

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Climate change has a significant impact on human and animal health around the world, from the tropics to the temperate zones, confronting us with an increase in vector-borne diseases and the population of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Among other things, Romania has registered a significant increase in the number of filariosis cases in recent years, with a continuous expansion in many regions of our country. Currently, Dirofilaria spp. infections are diagnosed using several laboratory methods, such as microscopy, serology and molecular biology methods. In the context of climate changes

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Friesen, D. L., A. Singh, and M. E. Hitt. "Hepatic cytoprotection in treatment of canine heartworm." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 918–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100156572.

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Thiacetarsamide is an arsenic-containing drug used in the treatment of heartworm in dogs. The effective antihelmintic dose is toxic to the host animal. Acetylcysteine decreases the hepatotoxicity of some compounds by forming a conjugate with toxic metabolites of the compound. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cytoprotectant for hepatocytes in dogs treated with therapeutic levels of thiacetarsamide.Eighteen dogs were divided randomly into two groups. All dogs were given four doses of thiacetarsamide over two days. Nine dogs were given 10% acetylcysteine 15 min pri

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Watier-Grillot, S., J. L. Marié, O. Cabre, and B. Davoust. "Survey of CanineDirofilaria immitisInfection in New Caledonia." Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/380680.

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Canine dirofilariosis is a frequent parasitic disease in New-Caledonia. A survey of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection among dogs from the cities of Tontouta, Nandaï and Nouméa, was performed in March 2009 using two antigen test kits; the microwell ELISA test: DiroCHE (Synbiotics Europe) and the Rapid Immuno Migration () test: WITNESS DIROFILARIA (Synbiotics Europe). Blood samples were collected from 64 dogs: 49 strays and 15 military working dogs. The military dogs received a permanent chemoprophylaxis (moxidectin). In 11 stray dogs, both tests were positive (22.4%). All the mil

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Anca, Matfei, Ivănescu Larisa, Andronic Lavinia, et al. "Prevalence of infection with Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in dogs from the South-Eastern part of Romania." Scientific Papers Journal VETERINARY SERIES 66, no. 4 (2023): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.61900/spjvs.2023.04.07.

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As a result of global warming, the change in the biological cycle of vectors and the increase in intercontinental travels, we are now facing an increase in the number of cases of vector-borne diseases. Among these, heartworm disease has escalated in recent years in Romania, with cases increasing in many parts of our country. Our study was carried out in the South-Eastern part of Romania, with the aim of establishing the prevalence of heartworm disease in dogs, with the identification of the two species Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Blood samples were collected during the period M

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Rawlings, Clarence A., and Randall L. Tackett. "Postadulticide pulmonary hypertension of canine heartworm disease: Successful treatment with oxygen and failure of antihistamines." American Journal of Veterinary Research 51, no. 10 (1990): 1565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1990.51.10.1565.

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SUMMARY Postadulticide pulmonary hypertension mechanisms and treatment with antihistamines and supplemental oxygen were studied in eight dogs with heartworm disease. To ensure severe postadulticide thromboembolism, additional heartworms (either 20 or 40 into 4 dogs each) were transplanted into naturally infected dogs before thiacetarsamide treatment. During pentobarbital anesthesia, 2 pulmonary hemodynamic studies were conducted on each dog with a sequence of baseline, hypoxia with FlO2 = 10%, hyperoxia with FlO2 = 100%, a second baseline, treatment with either diphenhydramine (D) or cimetidin

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