Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heat and mass balance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Heat and mass balance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Heat and mass balance"

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Sun, Weijun, Xiang Qin, Wentao Du, Weigang Liu, Yushuo Liu, Tong Zhang, Yuetong Xu, Qiudong Zhao, Jinkui Wu, and Jiawen Ren. "Ablation modeling and surface energy budget in the ablation zone of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian mountains, China." Annals of Glaciology 55, no. 66 (2014): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog66a902.

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AbstractGlacier surface melting can be described using energy-balance models. We conducted a surface energy budget experiment to quantify surface energy fluxes and to identify factors affecting glacial melt in the ablation zone of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian mountains. The surface energy budget was calculated based on data from an automatic weather station, and turbulent fluxes calculated using the bulk-aerodynamic approach were corrected using measurements from an eddy-covariance system. Simulated mass balances were validated by stake observations. Net shortwave radiation was the primary component of the surface energy balance (126Wm–2), followed by sensible heat flux. Net longwave radiation (–45Wm–2) and latent heat flux (–12.8 Wm–2) represented heat sinks. The bulk-aerodynamic method underestimated sensible and latent heat fluxes by 3.4 and 1.2 W m–2, respectively. The simulated total mass balance of –1703mmw.e. exceeded the observed total by 90 mm w.e. Daily positive accumulated temperature and low albedo were the main factors accelerating glacier melt. An uncertainty assessment showed that mass balance was very sensitive to albedo and varied by 36% when albedo changed by 0.1.
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Prowse, Terry D. "Heat and mass balance of an ablating ice jam." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-071.

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This paper reports on the heat and mass balance of an ablating ice jam at the confluence of the Liard and Mackenzie rivers in the spring of 1983. From May 6 to May 9, sufficient data were collected to determine the magnitude and relative importance of the major heat fluxes that caused thermal decay of the ice jam. The total atmospheric heat input of 1.25 × 108 MJ and the much larger contribution from hydrothermal sources of 9.80 × 109 MJ resulted in a total melt of 3.24 × 107 m3 of ice within the jam. These data in combination with previous results regarding jam dimensions permitted calculation of ice jam porosity, a variable frequently used in hydraulic studies of river ice jams although unverified by field data. The largest potential error in the calculations was related to the accuracy of water temperature measurement. Accounting for this resulted in an estimate of porosity of 0.38 ± 10% which lends credence to the commonly assumed value of 0.40. Details of the field conditions, instrumentation, theoretical methods, and results of the energy and mass balance analyses are described. Key words: floating ice, ice breakup, ice jams, ice melt, ice porisity.
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Dunets, A. A., V. I. Klimok, and A. B. Polonsky. "Mass balance and heat transport in the equatorial Atlantic." Soviet Journal of Physical Oceanography 3, no. 1 (January 1992): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02198490.

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Korycki, Ryszard. "Local Optimization of Bonnet Thickness in Global Heat Balance of Neonate." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (February 28, 2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1227886.

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Global heat transport for an neonate body is determined by means of heat balance with the term describing evaporation. The heat storage rate is the unbalanced difference between the metabolic heat production and various heat loss mechanisms within all body parts. The most sensitive portion is the head, which forces local optimization of the bonnet thickness. The local problem is described by differential heat and mass transport equations and the set of conditions. The changeable covering area of the bonnet can equalise the global heat balance and prevent hyperthermia or hypothermia.
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Wang, Puyu, Zhongqin Li, Christoph Schneider, Hongliang Li, Alexandra Hamm, Shuang Jin, Chunhai Xu, Huilin Li, Xiaoying Yue, and Min Yang. "A Test Study of an Energy and Mass Balance Model Application to a Site on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan." Water 12, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 2865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102865.

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In this study, energy and mass balance is quantified using an energy balance model to represent the glacier melt of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Chinese Tian Shan. Based on data from an Automatic Weather Station (4025 m a.s.l) and the mass balance field survey data nearby on the East Branch of the glacier, the “COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and Mass balance model” (COSIMA) was used to derive energy and mass balance simulations during the ablation season of 2018. Results show that the modeled cumulative mass balance (−0.67 ± 0.03 m w.e.) agrees well with the in-situ measurements (−0.64 ± 0.16 m w.e.) (r2 = 0.96) with the relative difference within 5% during the study period. The correlation coefficient between modeled and observed surface temperatures is 0.88 for daily means. The main source of melt energy at the glacier surface is net shortwave radiation (84%) and sensible heat flux (16%). The energy expenditures are from net longwave radiation (55%), heat flux for snow/ice melting (32%), latent heat flux of sublimation and evaporation (7%), and subsurface heat flux (6%). The sensitivity testing of mass balance shows that mass balance is more sensitive to temperature increase and precipitation decrease than temperature decrease and precipitation increase.
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Shaltout, M., and A. Omstedt. "Calculating the water and heat balances of the Eastern Mediterranean basin using ocean modelling and available meteorological, hydrological, and ocean data." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 3 (June 14, 2011): 1301–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-1301-2011.

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Abstract. This paper analyses the Eastern Mediterranean water and heat balances over a 52-yr period. The modelling uses a process-oriented approach resolving the one-dimensional equations of momentum, heat, and salt conservation, with turbulence modelled using a two-equation model. The exchange through the Sicily Channel connecting the Eastern and Western basins is calculated from satellite altimeter data. The results illustrates that calculated surface temperature and salinity follow the reanalysed data well and with biases of −0.4 °C and −0.004, respectively. Monthly and yearly temperature and salinity cycles are also satisfactory simulated. Reanalysed data and calculated water mass structure and heat balance components are in good agreement, indicating that the air-sea interaction and the turbulent mixing are realistically simulated. The study illustrates that the water balance in the Eastern Mediterranean basin is controlled by the difference between inflows/outflows through the Sicily Channel and by the net precipitation rates. The heat balance is controlled by the heat loss from the water surface, sun radiation into the sea, and heat flow through the Sicily Channel, the first two displaying both climate trends. An annual net heat loss of approximately 9 W m−2 was balanced by net heat in flow through the Sicily Channel.
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Hochet, Antoine, Rémi Tailleux, Till Kuhlbrodt, and David Ferreira. "Global heat balance and heat uptake in potential temperature coordinates." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 7-8 (June 13, 2021): 2021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05832-7.

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AbstractThe representation of ocean heat uptake in Simple Climate Models used for policy advice on climate change mitigation strategies is often based on variants of the one-dimensional Vertical Advection/Diffusion equation (VAD) for some averaged form of potential temperature. In such models, the effective advection and turbulent diffusion are usually tuned to emulate the behaviour of a given target climate model. However, because the statistical nature of such a “behavioural” calibration usually obscures the exact dependence of the effective diffusion and advection on the actual physical processes responsible for ocean heat uptake, it is difficult to understand its limitations and how to go about improving VADs. This paper proposes a physical calibration of the VAD that aims to provide explicit traceability of effective diffusion and advection to the processes responsible for ocean heat uptake. This construction relies on the coarse-graining of the full three-dimensional advection diffusion for potential temperature using potential temperature coordinates. The main advantage of this formulation is that the temporal evolution of the reference temperature profile is entirely due to the competition between effective diffusivity that is always positive definite, and the water mass transformation taking place at the surface, as in classical water mass analyses literature. These quantities are evaluated in numerical simulations of present day climate and global warming experiments. In this framework, the heat uptake in the global warming experiment is attributed to the increase of surface heat flux at low latitudes, its decrease at high latitudes and to the redistribution of heat toward cold temperatures made by diffusive flux.
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Zhang, Guoshuai, Shichang Kang, Koji Fujita, Eva Huintjes, Jianqing Xu, Takeshi Yamazaki, Shigenori Haginoya, et al. "Energy and mass balance of Zhadang glacier surface, central Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Glaciology 59, no. 213 (2013): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j152.

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AbstractClimate variables that control the annual cycle of the surface energy and mass balance on Zhadang glacier in the central Tibetan Plateau were examined over a 2 year period using a physically based energy-balance model forced by routine meteorological data. The modelled results agree with measured values of albedo, incoming longwave radiation, surface temperature and surface level of the glacier. For the whole observation period, the radiation component dominated (82%) the total surface energy heat fluxes. This was followed by turbulent sensible (10%) and latent heat (6%) fluxes. Subsurface heat flux represented a very minor proportion (2%) of the total heat flux. The sensitivity of specific mass balance was examined by perturbations of temperature (±1 K), relative humidity (±20%) and precipitation (±20%). The results indicate that the specific mass balance is more sensitive to changes in precipitation than to other variables. The main seasonal variations in the energy balance were in the two radiation components (net shortwave radiation and net longwave radiation) and these controlled whether surface melting occurred. A dramatic difference in summer mass balance between 2010 and 2011 indicates that the glacier surface mass balance was closely related to precipitation seasonality and form (proportion of snowfall and rainfall).
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Acharya, Anushilan, and Rijan Kayastha. "Mass and Energy Balance Estimation of Yala Glacier (2011–2017), Langtang Valley, Nepal." Water 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010006.

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Six-year glaciological mass balance measurements, conducted at the Yala Glacier between November 2011 and November 2017 are presented and analyzed. A physically-based surface energy balance model is used to simulate summer mass and energy balance of the Yala Glacier for the 2012–2014 period. Cumulative mass balance of the Yala Glacier for the 2011–2017 period was negative at −4.88 m w.e. The mean annual glacier-wide mass balance was −0.81 ± 0.27 m w.e. with a standard deviation of ±0.48 m w.e. The modelled mass balance values agreed well with observations. Modelling showed that net radiation was the primary energy source for the melting of the glacier followed by sensible heat and heat conduction fluxes. Sensitivity of mass balance to changes in temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, surface albedo and snow density were examined. Mass balance was found to be most sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation.
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Fujita, Koji, and Yutaka Ageta. "Effect of summer accumulation on glacier mass balance on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by mass-balance model." Journal of Glaciology 46, no. 153 (2000): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832945.

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AbstractThe characteristics and sensitivities of a cold-based glacier on the Tibetan Plateau, where the summer monsoon provides most of the mass input to glaciers, are discussed using an energy-balance model incorporating the process of water refreezing. The model accurately represents the observational results related to the mass balance of Xiao Dongkemadi glacier on the central plateau during 1992/93. Our data revealed that the mass balance of cold glaciers cannot simply be described by the surface mass/heat balances, because about 20% of infiltrated water is refrozen and thus does not run off from the glacier. Model calculations demonstrate that glaciers in an arid environment can maintain their mass since the monsoon provides precipitation during the melting season. Snowfall in summer keeps surface albedo high and largely restrains ablation. Nevertheless, the calculations also make clear that glaciers on the plateau are more vulnerable than those of other regions because of summer accumulation. In the monsoon climate, warming would cause not only a decrease in accumulation, but also a drastic increase in ablation in combination with surface-albedo lowering. Therefore, although glaciers on and around the plateau can be sustained by summer accumulation, they are more vulnerable to warming than winter-accumulation-type glaciers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heat and mass balance"

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Silva, Ana Margarida Barradinhas da. "Heat recovery from wastewater: numerical modelling of sewer systems." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8473.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Engenharia Sanitária
This thesis was carried as a collaboration of Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) and the companies Waternet and KWR. The main project aims to study the possibility of thermal energy recovery from wastewater, reducing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions linked to the energy sector. The present work is based on a previous computational model that was developed to simulate heat recovery from wastewater for constant flow rate and temperature of water. The first goal is to simulate a wastewater discharge. In order to achieve this, a Gaussian function was added to the boundary conditions for water flow rate and water temperature. As a second goal, this work aims to assess the significance of the terms present in the water heat balance and air heat balance equations. Binary coefficients were added in each term of both equations and then all the combinations were computed. The unsteady situation successfully simulated a main discharge and numerical predictions for water temperature and flow rate are presented. The deviations associated with the modified cases for the two equations suggest that the heat flux pipe to water (!!") and heat flux pipe to air (!!") terms are crucial for water and air heat balance predictions,respectively. In order to smooth extra oscillations, the time step (dt) was reduced and a smaller relative size of oscillations was obtained. This work concludes with a section of future developments in order to improve the results obtained. Despite of the fact that the current state of these routines does not allow us to accurately assess heat exchanges in pipes, promising results were obtained, proving that numerical modelling of heat recovery will contribute greatly to the development of the main project.
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Moregård, Daniel. "Heat Maps : En metod för att uvärdera banor." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6357.

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Denna rapport har undersökt om game metrics genom heat maps kan användas för att hitta en choke point i en bana gjord till spelet Team Fortress 2. Game metrics och kvantitativa  metoder  erbjuder  ett  objektivt  och  nästan  automatiserat  alternativ  till kvalitativa metoder när det kommer till balansering. En bana har konstruerats med en choke point och har speltestats för att generera en heat map. För att undersöka om det går att hitta en choke point med hjälp av en heat map så har en enkät gjorts där respondenter   bads   hitta   choke   pointen   med   hjälp   av   den   heat   mapen   som genererades från speltestningen av banan. Alla respondenter lyckades hitta mitten av choke  pointen  med  hjälp  av  heat  mapen.  I  framtiden  skulle  arbetet  kunna  utökas genom  att  undersöka  om  användandet  av  bottar  eventuellt  skulle  helt  kunna automatisera  balanseringsprocessen.  Det  skulle  också  gå  att  undersöka  hur  olika klasser rör sig i en bana.
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Mählkvist, Simon, and Netzell Pontus. "Pulp mill heat and mass balance model : Exploring the benefits and possibilities of process modelling as an applied method in a case study." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-41292.

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This thesis focused on the modelling of a pulping process. The purpose was to see if an accurate model can be crated based on relatively simple premises and if the errors can be identified or analysed. To realise this, the authors conducted a literature study to identify the current state of the art regarding the chemical pulping process. In addition, flow charts and sample data from a case study were examined. Based on the literature review and case study, model assumptions were derived. The model is divided into sixteen components. Where mixing occurs, lumped conditions are assumed. The model has five validation points, four of which are temperatures and a mass flowrate. These are shown as deviations from the measured values. In conclusions, it was the model could produce stable results over a narrow time frame. More so if the transition period at the start of the simulation is overlooked. Several new model assumptions are presented with the purpose to increase accuracy e.g. account for the components ability to store mass.
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Domingues, Catia Motta, and Catia Domingues@csiro au. "Kinematics and Heat Budget of the Leeuwin Current." Flinders University. SOCPES, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060612.211358.

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This study investigates the upper ocean circulation along the west Australian coast, based on recent observations (WOCE ICM6, 1994/96) and numerical output from the 1/6 degree Parallel Ocean Program model (POP11B 1993/97). Particularly, we identify the source regions of the Leeuwin Current, quantify its mean and seasonal variability in terms of volume, heat and salt transports, and examine its heat balance (cooling mechanism). This also leads to further understanding of the regional circulation associated with the Leeuwin Undercurrent, the Eastern Gyral Current and the southeast Indian Subtropical Gyre. The tropical and subtropical sources of the Leeuwin Current are understood from an online numerical particle tracking. Some of the new findings are the Tropical Indian Ocean source of the Leeuwin Current (in addition to the Indonesian Throughflow/Pacific); the Eastern Gyral Current as a recirculation of the South Equatorial Current; the subtropical source of the Leeuwin Current fed by relatively narrow subsurface-intensified eastward jets in the Subtropical Gyre, which are also a major source for the Subtropical Water (salinity maximum) as observed in the Leeuwin Undercurrent along the ICM6 section at 22 degrees S. The ICM6 current meter array reveals a rich vertical current structure near North West Cape (22 degrees S). The coastal part of the Leeuwin Current has dominant synoptic variability and occasionally contains large spikes in its transport time series arising from the passage of tropical cyclones. On the mean, it is weaker and shallower compared to further downstream, and it only transports Tropical Water, of a variable content. The Leeuwin Undercurrent carries Subtropical Water, South Indian Central Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water equatorward between 150/250 to 500/750 m. There is a poleward flow just below the undercurrent which advects a mixed Intermediate Water, partially associated with outflows from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Narrow bottom-intensified currents are also observed. The 5-year mean model Leeuwin Current is a year-round poleward flow between 22 degrees S and 34 degrees S. It progressively deepens, from 150 to 300 m depth. Latitudinal variations in its volume transport are a response to lateral inflows/outflows. It has double the transport at 34 degrees S (-2.2 Sv) compared to at 22 degrees S (-1.2 Sv). These model estimates, however, may underestimate the transport of the Leeuwin Current by 50%. Along its path, the current becomes cooler (6 degrees C), saltier (0.6 psu) and denser (2 kg m -3). At seasonal scales, a stronger poleward flow in May-June advects the warmest and freshest waters along the west Australian coast. This advection is apparently spun up by the arrival of a poleward Kelvin wave in April, and reinforced by a minimum in the equatorward wind stress during July. In the model heat balance, the Leeuwin Current is significantly cooled by the eddy heat flux divergence (4 degrees C out of 6 degrees C), associated with mechanisms operating at submonthly time scales. However, exactly which mechanisms it is not yet clear. Air-sea fluxes only account for ~30% of the cooling and seasonal rectification is negligible. The eddy heat divergence, originating over a narrow region along the outer edge of the Leeuwin Current, is responsible for a considerable warming of a vast area of the adjacent ocean interior, which is then associated with strong heat losses to the atmosphere. The model westward eddy heat flux estimates are considerably larger than those associated with long lived warm core eddies detaching from the Leeuwin Current and moving offshore. This suggests that these mesoscale features are not the main mechanism responsible for the cooling of the Leeuwin Current. We suspect instead that short lived warm core eddies might play an important role.
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Dantas, Thayse Naianne Pires. "Avaliacao de dados de secagem de suspensoes de polpas de frutas em leito de jorro com alimentacao intermitente." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15840.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThayseNPD_DISSERT.pdf: 3011136 bytes, checksum: 3c14c7c4fc8b4067013feadbd30be411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-08
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The objective of this work was the development and improvement of the mathematical models based on mass and heat balances, representing the drying transient process fruit pulp in spouted bed dryer with intermittent feeding. Mass and energy balance for drying, represented by a system of differential equations, were developed in Fortran language and adapted to the condition of intermittent feeding and mass accumulation. Were used the DASSL routine (Differential Algebraic System Solver) for solving the differential equation system and used a heuristic optimization algorithm in parameter estimation, the Particle Swarm algorithm. From the experimental data food drying, the differential models were used to determine the quantity of water and the drying air temperature at the exit of a spouted bed and accumulated mass of powder in the dryer. The models were validated using the experimental data of drying whose operating conditions, air temperature, flow rate and time intermittency, varied within the limits studied. In reviewing the results predicted, it was found that these models represent the experimental data of the kinetics of production and accumulation of powder and humidity and air temperature at the outlet of the dryer
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o estudo e aperfei?oamento de modelos matem?ticos, baseados em balan?os de massa e de energia, que representem o processo de secagem transiente de polpas de frutas em secador de leito de jorro com alimenta??o intermitente. Os balan?os de massa e de energia para a secagem, representados por um sistema de equa??es diferenciais, foram desenvolvidos em linguagem Fortran e adaptados para a condi??o de alimenta??o intermitente e de ac?mulo de massa no interior do equipamento. Este programa realiza a integra??o deste sistema de equa??es diferenciais utilizando a rotina DASSL (Differential Algebraic System Solver) e o procedimento de estima??o do par?metro do modelo foi fundamentado na minimiza??o da fun??o objetivo da t?cnica de m?nimos quadrados utilizando um m?todo heur?stico de otimiza??o PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). Utilizando dados experimentais gerados nas pesquisas de secagem de alimentos realizadas nos laborat?rio de Tecnologia de Alimentos e de Sistemas Particulados da UFRN, determinaram-se equa??es emp?ricas estat?sticas e aplicaram-se os modelos referentes aos balan?os para verifica??o da quantidade de ?gua e da temperatura do ar de secagem na sa?da do leito de jorro e da massa de material acumulada no secador. Os modelos foram validados a partir dos dados experimentais de secagens cujas condi??es operacionais, de temperatura do ar, vaz?o da pasta e tempo de intermit?ncia, variavam dentro dos limites estudados. Na an?lise dos resultados preditos, foi constatado que estes modelos representam bem os dados experimentais da cin?tica de produ??o e de ac?mulo de p? e da umidade e da temperatura do ar na sa?da do secado
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Rafiee, Nima. "Process design and energy efficiency analysis of an oil and gas processing plant." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Abstract The objective of this thesis is process design to prepare a heat and mass balance and associated equipment list that will process untreated reservoir fluids to allow export of saleable gas and oil in an oil and gas processing plant. Gas will be exported to an existing pipeline, oil to a nearby shuttle tanker. By energy efficiency analysis, some energy saving opportunities has been found such as heat integration, replacing control valves with expanders and improving pumps and compressors adiabatic efficiency and then the amount of power recovered through these opportunities have been calculated. After that by considering water added to the feed stream, gas dehydration unit is needed for gas drying. In this reason, a design of TEG dehydration unit has been done and compared with the energy consumption by molecular sieve dehydration unit. Comparison shows that molecular sieve dehydration unit consumes energy about two times more than TEG dehydration unit does. Furthermore, by designing fractionation unit and introducing dividing wall column, consumption of energy decreased about 33% in comparison with conventional columns. In the final part, some energy efficiency opportunities of pumps and compressors, which are the most energy consuming equipment in the oil and gas industries have been introduced. Moreover, the means of power generation for oil and gas plants have been studied. Most plants use gas turbine for power generation and introduce means of increasing gas turbine efficiency and its performance. In the final part some methods for recovery the low-grade heat, variable speed drive which shows significant energy saving, power recovery turbines and reducing friction losses through pipes have been defined.
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Rafaj, Svatomír. "Rotační sušící a sintrovací pece." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377759.

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This thesis deals with rotary drying and sintering kilns. The first part focused upon construction of the kilns, kiln processes and the options of technological arrangement of the kilns. The thesis second part presents two experiments. The first one is targeted to find the relation between residence time, kiln rotary speed and kiln slope in longitudinal direction. The examinations analysed individually the relation between kiln rotary speed and residence time and the relation between kiln slope and residence time. Finally, the regression equation describing the relation between holding time, kiln rotary speed and kiln rake was established. The results given by regression equation much closer to the real one then the results given by literature. The difference between real residence time and the regression one is about one minute. The second one is concerned with producing a set of equations with respect of mass and heat balance in case of drying process. The input material was wet crushed tetra packs. There were established technological conditions of the material, necessary burner energy input, heat losses and distribution of heat between material and flue gas. There were taken away almost 80 percent of heat energy by flue gases. The remaining 20 percent was divided between latent heat, material and heat losses through the shell of the rotary kiln.
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Oudart, Didier. "Modélisation de la stabilisation de la matière organique et des émissions gazeuses au cours du compostage d'effluents d'élevage." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935691.

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Le compostage est un procédé aérobie de stabilisation de la matière organique (MO). Les transformations de la MO conduisent à des émissions gazeuses (NH3, N2O, CH4, CO2) et une perte d'azote utile pour la fertilisation. La variété des pratiques et les différences de nature des substrats modifient la vitesse de dégradation de la MO, la qualité finale du compost produit et la part d'émissions sous forme de polluants gazeux. L'optimisation du procédé nécessite la prédiction de ces transformations ou la réalisation d'essais empiriques. Cette thèse analyse les interactions entre les processus biologiques, biochimiques, physico-chimiques et thermodynamiques majeurs à l'origine de la stabilisation de la MO et des émissions gazeuses de CO2, H2O, NH3, N2O. Elle se focalise sur le compostage par aération passive en andain d'effluents d'élevage. La méthode s'appuie sur la modélisation dynamique, semi-empirique, du procédé et sur des expérimentations sur des andains de petite taille. Dans un premier temps, l'impact des interactions entre les facteurs clés du compostage, soit la biodégradabilité du carbone, la disponibilité de l'azote, l'humidité et la porosité, sur la cinétique et la stœchiométrie des émissions gazeuses est analysé à partir de données acquises en conditions contrôlées et sur une plateforme de compostage à la Réunion sur des périodes allant de 20 à 80 jours. Les facteurs ont été hiérarchisés : l'effet de la porosité couplé à l'effet de l'humidité joue le rôle majeur dans la régulation des transformations de la MO et des émissions gazeuses. Les effets de la porosité, de l'humidité et du type de structurant sur les transformations de la MO, observés en conditions commerciales, confirment les observations en conditions contrôlées. Alors que les écarts de répétabilité en conditions contrôlées sont faibles sur les températures et bilans de masse, ces écarts deviennent élevés en conditions de reproductibilité sur le terrain. Dans un deuxième temps, un modèle dynamique de compostage a été développé simulant la stabilisation du carbone et de l'azote ainsi que les émissions gazeuses de CO2, H2O, NH3 et N2O. Ce modèle est composé de quatre modules couplés. Le premier simule les cinétiques d'oxydation de la MO par une population microbienne hétérotrophe produisant du CO2 et de la chaleur. Le deuxième décrit les échanges thermiques se déroulant lors du compostage, à l'origine de l'aération passive de l'andain et des cinétiques de température interne et d'évaporation d'H2O. Le troisième module décrit le transfert d'oxygène au sein de l'andain modulé par la porosité et l'humidité. Le quatrième module simule les transformations et la stabilisation de l'azote ainsi que les cinétiques d'émissions d'NH3 et de N2O. Le système global représentant un andain de compostage en aération naturelle est considéré comme homogène en termes de composition et de caractéristiques thermiques. Lors de la phase thermophile, le facteur limitant le plus rapidement l'organisation de la MO est la disponibilité de l'azote. L'abaissement de la porosité entraîne une diminution des pertes gazeuses par l'augmentation de l'organisation de la MO. Le fractionnement initial de la MO ainsi que la teneur initiale en biomasse microbienne sont les facteurs clés pour prédire les cinétiques d'organisation du carbone et de l'azote. Les paramètres spécifiques des émissions d'NH3, d'H2O et de N2O sont initialisés en fonction de la nature du substrat et des caractéristiques physiques de l'andain. La calibration du modèle reste à améliorer, et par la suite le modèle devra être validé en condition industrielles. Les effets modélisés de la porosité, de l'humidité et du type de structurant sur les transformations de la MO permettent d'envisager l'usage du modèle pour optimiser le compostage d'effluents d'élevage.
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Gedye, Sharon Jane. "Mass balance in recent peats." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266139.

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Herrero, Miriam Leire. "Heat Balance of a historical church - Solar Heat Gain." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17152.

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Books on the topic "Heat and mass balance"

1

Oeters, Franz. Mass and heat balances during the reduction of iron ores. Düsseldorf: Stahleisen, 1987.

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Filippelli, Gabriel M. Phosphorus geochemistry, diagenesis, and mass balances of the Miocene Monterey Formation at Shell Beach, California. [Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Koskinen, Jukka Tapio. Use of population balances and particle size distribution analysis to study particulate processes affected by simultaneous mass and heat transfer an nonuniform flow conditions. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1993.

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Baehr, H. D. Heat and mass transfer. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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Baehr, H. D. Heat and Mass Transfer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Baehr, Hans Dieter, and Karl Stephan. Heat and Mass Transfer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29527-5.

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Karwa, Rajendra. Heat and Mass Transfer. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3988-6.

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Baehr, Hans Dieter, and Karl Stephan. Heat and Mass Transfer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20021-2.

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Karwa, Rajendra. Heat and Mass Transfer. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1557-1.

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Baehr, Hans Dieter, and Karl Stephan. Heat and Mass Transfer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03659-4.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heat and mass balance"

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Maykut, Gary A. "The Surface Heat and Mass Balance." In The Geophysics of Sea Ice, 395–463. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5352-0_6.

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Karbowniczek, Miroslaw. "Mass and Heat Balances." In Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking, 217–47. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130949-10.

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Mersmann, Alfons, Matthias Kind, and Johann Stichlmair. "Balances, Kinetics of Heat and Mass Transfer." In Thermal Separation Technology, 175–229. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12525-6_4.

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Liu, Jingjing, Mark Taylor, and Mark Dorreen. "Dynamic Response of Cryolitic Bath and Influence on Cell Heat and Mass Balance With Large Scale Potline Power Shifts." In Light Metals 2016, 601–5. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.ch101.

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Liu, Jingjing, Mark Taylor, and Mark Dorreen. "Dynamic Response of Cryolitic Bath and Influence on Cell Heat and Mass Balance with Large Scale Potline Power Shifts." In Light Metals 2016, 601–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_101.

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Ashrafizadeh, Seyed Ali, and Zhongchao Tan. "Mass Balance." In Mass and Energy Balances, 53–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72290-0_3.

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van den Broeke, Michiel, and Rianne Giesen. "Mass Balance." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 161–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42584-5_7.

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Krishnan, Subramaniam, and Jeenu Raghavan. "Mass Balance." In Chemical Rockets, 39–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26965-4_3.

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Haeberli, Wilfried. "Glacier Mass Balance." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 399–408. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_341.

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Pacyna, Jozef M., and Eva Selin Lindgren. "Chemical Mass Balance." In Airborne Particulate Matter, 125–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49145-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heat and mass balance"

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Terez, Ivan E., and Carl M. Barnhardt. "Effective Steamflood Management Using Heat and Mass Balance Model." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/56546-ms.

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Di Veroli, G., and Stelios Rigopoulos. "A study of turbulence-chemistry interaction in reactive precipitation via a Population Balance - transported PDF method." In Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium On Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2009.turbulheatmasstransf.1280.

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Cheung, Sherman C. P., Xinyue Duan, Guan H. Yeoh, Jiyuan Tu, Eckhard Krepper, Dirk Lucas, Liejin Guo, et al. "Modelling of Polydispersed Flows using Two Population Balance Approaches." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPHASE FLOW, HEAT MASS TRANSFER AND ENERGY CONVERSION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3366467.

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Zhang, Xiaoyue, and Zhen Li. "ENTRANSY OF WATER VAPOR AND ITS BALANCE EQUATION FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE ABSORBER." In International Heat Transfer Conference 16. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc16.mtr.023227.

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Pasha, M. Fayzul K., Farah Zuhair Najdawi, and Alhasan Almakrami. "Development of a Mass and Heat Balance Model for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Desalination." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481431.001.

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Colombo, M., and Michael Fairweather. "Modelling of bubbly two-phase flows using a population balance approach." In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.1350.

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Mueller, Daniel, Andreas Bueck, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "Heat and mass transfer modelling of continuous Wurster-spray-granulation with external product classification." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7269.

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Wurster granulation with external product classification can be used for stable continuous coating or layering processes. It has been ascertained from recent population balance simulations that the ratio of the spray rate to the nuclei feed rate can be used to control the thickness of the sprayed product layer. However, thermal conditions are not considered by population balances regarding the particle size as distributed property. For this reason, heat and mass transfer is investigated in the present contribution by modelling of several subprocesses. The results can be used to discuss the cause of fluidized bed destabilization due to over-wetting. Keywords: continuous operation; Wurster fluidized bed; spray granulation; spray limits; heat and mass transfer
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Vikhansky, Alexander, J. C. B. Betancourt, N. Ratkovich, and I. Nopres. "Combined CFD-population balance modelling of sludge flocculation process in sedimentation tanks." In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.1220.

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Nie, Xuelei, Xuegong Hu, Suresh V. Garimella, and Dawei Tang. "Heat and Mass Transfer in the Corner Flow Region of Vertical Microgrooves." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30989.

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Evaporation of the thin film formed in microgrooves is associated with high heat transfer rates. One of the factors that limits this heat transfer is the capacity of the microgroove to drive fluid into the thin film. The mass flow rate and mass flux in the corner flow region of a microgroove is experimentally and theoretically investigated in this work. The experiments yield the speed at which wetting occurs in vertical microgrooves. The wetting speed reflects the balance between the gravitational, viscous and capillary forces acting on the film. A force balance is also conducted on the liquid in the corner flow region of the microgrooves. This analysis allows a calculation of the maximum amount of liquid that the microgrooves can drive to the evaporating surface in the corner flow region, which in turn determines the maximum evaporation rate in this localized area.
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Wettstein, Hans E. "How Is a Correct GT Combustor Heat Balance Established?" In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14235.

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Abstract The heat balance of gas turbine (GT) combustors is used for determining the average Combustor Exit Temperature (CET). It is important for designing the hot parts in this area. Sensor measurements of the CET are nearly impossible due to its high level up to above 1700°C. Therefore it is typically evaluated based on a 1-D cycle calculation, in which the combustor receives compressed air and fuel and it discharges the hot combustion gas at the temperature CET. In the classic approach the fuel heat received in the combustor is evaluated based on the lower heating value (LHV) of the fuel and after the complete combustion the mixture of excess air and combustion products leaves the combustor at the temperature CET, which is calculated based on its specific enthalpy function. So far so simple but this is tricky. The reaction energy is not the LHV but the higher heating value HHV, which includes additionally the discharged energy for condensing the combustion water at ambient temperature. The total heat comes into the flue-gas in the combustor, which is designed for a combustion efficiency of typically 99%+. There is no significant downstream reaction known, which could add the missing difference of HHV-LHV. In GT based power stations condensation is mostly avoided by sufficiently high stack temperature. For methane as a fuel the HHV is around 11% higher than the LHV. Thus the CET derived with the LHV for a given fuel mass flow rate may be underestimated. The method comparison shown below indicates values around 10K. This is a “grey” issue. The intention of this paper is an attempt to understand this practice both technically and historically. Gas turbine catalogues indicate performance data based on burning pure methane. This may have its historic roots in the fact that methane (only Methane, not higher hydrocarbons) burns with oxygen without a change of the specific volume. This simplified the cycle calculation in the sense that combustion could be modelled by adding the LHV to air and methane (assuming an equal temperature) and by calculating the expansion of air and methane separately (corresponding to mixed if no chemical reaction due to the high temperature is assumed) but with the same polytropic efficiency. At ambient temperature this fuel-air mixture is still gaseous and therefore the heat balance of the GT matches exactly with the LHV (used before in the combustor heat balance) because there is no condensation issue. Another feature of the air may compensate the CET mistake partly when using the LHV. It is the effect of dissociation. This increases the specific heat and therefore reduces the calculated CET. In the older time the used specific heat function of air did not include the dissociation effect while nowadays it is mostly included assuming chemical equilibrium. In this paper the good match of a cycle calculation considering the HHV and dissociation with published OEM data will be demonstrated. Indeed this method contradicts existing standards and practices and a further discussion considering the evidence shown below is welcome. In its current development state it allows considering any fuel defined only by the HHV and by its composition with hydrogen to carbon ratio by mass. Additionally it also allows considering high fogging with water injection rates up to several mass % of the air inlet flow rate.
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Reports on the topic "Heat and mass balance"

1

Russell, V. K. MBA, mass balance area user guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104896.

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Sutter, S. L., J. W. Johnston, J. A. Glissmeyer, and G. F. Athey. BTD building uranium mass balance study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6358904.

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Stempien, John D., Paul A. Demkowicz, Jason M. Harp, and Philip L. Winston. AGR-3/4 Experiment Preliminary Mass Balance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1558760.

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Olliges, J. D., M. D. Killingsworth, T. C. Lilly, and A. D. Ketsdever. Thrust Stand Mass Balance Measurements of Hybrid Motor Mass Flow (Preprint). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada471112.

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Lee, S. Y. Heat Balance Study for Submersible Mixer Pump. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816695.

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Poirier, M., and S. Fink. Oxalate Mass Balance During Chemical Cleaning in Tank 5F. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1021332.

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Li, Hong, Hongwei Xin, and Robert T. Burns. The Uncertainty of Nitrogen Mass Balance for Turkey Housing. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-160.

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Lee, Vincent J. Technical documentation for the mass calibration laboratory balance automation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6283.

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Poirier, M., and S. Fink. OXALATE MASS BALANCE DURING CHEMICAL CLEANING IN TANK 6F. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1025572.

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B.D. Kreutzberg, R.L. Ames, and K.M. Hansel. Evaporation and NARS Nitric Acid Mass Balance Summary: 2000--2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876502.

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