Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow"

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Čermák, V., M. Krešl, J. Šafanda, L. Bodri, M. Nápoles-Pruna, and R. Tenreyro-Perez. "Terrestrial heat flow in Cuba." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 65, no. 3-5 (January 1991): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90128-5.

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Hart, S. R., J. S. Steinhart, and T. J. Smith. "Terrestrial heat flow in Lake Superior." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-062.

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Using oceanographic heat-flow techniques, 162 measurements of heat flow were made in Lake Superior during the summers of 1966 and 1967. These data are of high quality, with precisions with respect to intercomparisons typically in the 3–5% range. The data define two very clear features. One is a trough of low heat-flow values, which runs continuously for 650 km along the northern edge of the lake, with values ranging between 0.46 and 0.98 heat-flow units (HFU) (19.2–41.0 mW/m2). This feature correlates with surface exposure of Keweenawan mafic volcanics; it is believed to delineate a major crustal separation associated with the Midcontinent Rift and is filled to crustal thicknesses with mafic intrusives and extrusives. This feature has not been imaged with the seismic reflection profiling of GLIMPCE. The other heat-flow feature is an arcuate ridge of high heat-flow values (1.0–1.45 HFU; 41.8–60.7 mW/m2), parallel to and south of the heat-flow trough. The highest areas of this ridge correspond to areas of thick rift-filling Keweenawan sediments. The high heat flow is modulated to lower values in areas where the thick sediments overlie highly thinned crust now containing large thicknesses of mafic volcanic rock. The heat-flow features show very good correlation with the magnetic anomaly map of Lake Superior, but only spotty correlation with the Bouguer gravity anomaly features.
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Vacquier, Victor. "The origin of terrestrial heat flow." Geophysical Journal International 106, no. 1 (July 1991): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb04611.x.

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Lister, Clive. "Terrestrial heat flow and lithosphere structure." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 68, no. 39 (1987): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo068i039p00775-02.

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Lysak, S. V. "Terrestrial heat flow of continental rifts." Tectonophysics 143, no. 1-3 (November 1987): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90076-x.

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Vacquier, Victor. "Corrigendum to ‘Origin of terrestrial heat flow‘." Geophysical Journal International 111, no. 3 (December 1992): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb02118.x.

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7

Ballard, Sanford, Henry N. Pollack, and Neville J. Skinner. "Terrestrial heat flow in Botswana and Namibia." Journal of Geophysical Research 92, B7 (1987): 6291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb092ib07p06291.

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Lee, Tien-Chang. "On terrain corrections in terrestrial heat flow." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 135, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00877005.

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Cermak, Vladimir. "Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 74, no. 3-4 (December 1996): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(97)88030-4.

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Pollack, H. N. "Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia." Tectonophysics 269, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00155-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow"

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MacKay, Robert Malcolm. "The Oregon Graduate Institute one dimensional time-dependent radiative convective model : theory and application /." Full text open access at:, 1990. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,202.

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Forster, Craig Burton. "Interaction of groundwater flow systems and thermal regimes in mountainous terrain : a numerical study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27300.

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It is widely recognized that topographically-driven groundwater flow can perturb conductive thermal regimes. High-relief topography amplifies the impact of factors controlling groundwater flow and advective heat transfer. A finite element method is developed to model the influence of geology, climate, surface topography and regional heat flux on steady groundwater flow and heat transfer. Because fluid viscosity (hence fluid flux) depends upon temperature, groundwater flow is influenced by the regional heat flux. As a consequence, isothermal approaches to modeling deep groundwater flow in mountains may be inappropriate. Using a free-surface approach, the water table is represented as an internal characteristic of the groundwater flow system, rather than the upper boundary for fluid flow. Thick unsaturated zones are expected in high-permeability terrain (greater than 10⁻¹⁵ m²) with arid climate, or where groundwater recharge is restricted by extensive alpine glaciers. Only vertical fluid flow is assumed to occur in the unsaturated zone, therefore, heat transfer above the water table is represented by one-dimensional advection and two-dimensional conduction. Simulation results indicate that water table elevations are highly sensitive to changes in the controlling factors, but have little impact on the thermal regime. Conductive thermal regimes are predicted in low-permeability terrain (less than 10⁻¹⁸ m²) or in high-permeability terrain with arid climate (recharge rates less than 10⁻¹¹ m/sec). Strong advective heat transfer masks the regional heat flux when permeability exceeds 10⁻¹⁶ m² in terrain with relief of 2 km over a horizontal distance of 6 km. Less than one percent of typical mean annual precipitation is transmitted through deep groundwater flow systems under these conditions. Asymmetric surface topography complicates efforts to interpret chemical and thermal data collected near the valley floor. Fracture zones outcropping at the valley floor can capture a large percentage of groundwater flowing through the system and a significant percentage of the basal heat flux. Maximum spring temperatures are indicated when bulk permeability is between 10⁻¹⁷ m² and 10⁻¹⁵ m². Outside this range, spring temperatures approach ambient air temperature. Topographically driven groundwater flow can distort and obliterate free-convection cells that might otherwise develop within a mountain massif.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Wilson, N. P. "Thermal studies in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383208.

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Lapham, Wayne Wright, and Wayne Wright Lapham. "Conductive and convective heat transfer in sediments near streams." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191144.

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An Fourier Series solution is presented that describes the simultaneous, one-dimensional, vertical flow of heat and ground water in homogeneous, porous media beneath streams. Use of this analytical solution provides an indirect method of determining vertical flow rates and the effective vertical hydraulic connection between sediments and overlying streams. The method consists of varying the Darcy velocity in the solution until the temperature profiles predicted by the solution match those measured in the field. The method was applied at three field sites in Central Massachusetts. At the first site, which is underlain by lacustrine clay, the vertical flow rate through the clay was determined to be less than 5x10⁻⁷ cm/s and the vertical hydraulic conductivity was less than 0.08 cm/s. The vertical flow rate through mixed sand and gravel underlying the second site equaled 7.5x10⁻⁶ cm/s and vertical hydraulic conductivities of sediments underlying the site ranged from 3.8x10⁻⁴ to 3.1x10⁻³ cm/s. The vertical flow rate through mixed sand and gravel underlying the third site ranged from 3x10⁻⁵ to 7x10⁻⁵ cm/s and vertical hydraulic conductivities of sediments underlying the site ranged from 1x10⁻³ to 4x10⁻³ cm/s. The simultaneous flow of heat and ground water in sediments beneath streams may be more complex than that assumed for the Fourier Series solution. The additional complexity may be partially attributable to two factors: the presence of horizontal ground-water flow, and the presence of thermal conditions near the stream that differ from conditions in the stream itself. The effects of that these two factors have on thermal regimes in sediments beneath streams were investigated using numerical simulations. Results indicate, for example, that under conditions of no horizontal ground-water flow, thermal conditions near the stream can affect temperatures in sediments beneath the stream as far as 900 cm from the stream bank. For horizontal flow rates greater than about 1x10⁻⁴ cm/s, thermal conditions near the stream can affect temperatures in sediments beneath the stream as far as 1500 cm from the stream bank. The method of determining flow rates and hydraulic connection has been applied to stream-aquifer systems. However, the method also may have application in other hydrologic settings. Two such applications might be to determine flow rates to and from lakes and rates of recharge to aquifers.
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Abareshi, Behzad. "Sensible heat flux estimation over a prairie grassland by neural networks." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23765.

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Sensible heat flux, a key component of the surface energy balance, is difficult to estimate in practice. This study was conducted to see if backpropagation neural networks could estimate sensible heat flux by using horizontal wind speed, air temperature, radiometric surface temperature, net radiation, and time as input. Ground measurements from the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment (FIFE), collected in 1987 and 1989 over a prairie grassland in Kansas, were used for network training and validation. Networks trained on part of the data from a narrow range of space-time coordinates performed well over the other part, with error (root mean square error divided by mean of observations) values as low as 0.24. This indicates the potential in neural networks for linking sensible heat flux to routinely measured meteorological variables and variables amenable to remote sensing. When the networks were tested with data from other space-times, performance varied from good to poor, with average error values around 1.26. This was mainly due to lack of input variables parameterizing canopy morphology and soil moisture, indicating that such variables should be incorporated in the design of future networks intended for large scale applications.
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Mbandezi, Mxolisi Louis. "Finite element simulations of shear aggregation as a mechanism to form platinum group elements (PGEs) in dyke-like ore bodies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018249.

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This research describes a two-dimensional modelling effort of heat and mass transport in simplified intrusive models of sills and their feeder dykes. These simplified models resembled a complex intrusive system such as the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe. This study investigated the impact of variable geometry to transport processes in two ways. First the time evolution of heat and mass transport during cooling was investigated. Then emphasis was placed on the application of convective scavenging as a mechanism that leads to the formation of minerals of economic interest, in particular the Platinum Group Elements (PGEs). The Navier-Stokes equations employed generated regions of high shear within the magma where we expected enhanced collisions between the immiscible sulphide liquid particles and PGEs. These collisions scavenge PGEs from the primary melt, aggregate and concentrate it to form PGEs enrichment in zero shear zones. The PGEs scavenge; concentrate and 'glue' in zero shear zones in the early history of convection because of viscosity and dispersive pressure (Bagnold effect). The effect of increasing the geometry size enhances scavenging, creates bigger zero shear zones with dilute concentrate of PGEs but you get high shear near the roots of the dyke/sill where the concentration will not be dilute. The time evolution calculations show that increasing the size of the magma chamber results in stronger initial convection currents for large magma models than for small ones. However, convection takes, approximately the same time to cease for both models. The research concludes that the time evolution for convective heat transfer is dependent on the viscosity rather than on geometry size. However, conductive heat transfer to the e-folding temperature was almost six times as long for the large model (M4) than the small one (M2). Variable viscosity as a physical property was applied to models 2 and 4 only. Video animations that simulate the cooling process for these models are enclosed in a CD at the back of this thesis. These simulations provide information with regard to the emplacement history and distribution of PGEs ore bodies. This will assist the reserve estimation and the location of economic minerals.
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Cheng, Li Zhen. "Interprétation des données de flux de chaleur et de gravité dans le Bouclier Canadien /." Thèse, Montréal : Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Montréal ;. Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Klepikova, Maria. "Imaging of fractured rock properties from flow and heat transport : field experiments and inverse modelling." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865302.

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La caracterisation de l'agencement spatial des proprietes hydrauliques est essentielle pour predire les ecoulements et le transport des solutes dans les milieux heterogenes. Les methodes de tomographie hydraulique, principalement developpees pour estimer les proprietes des milieux poreux, n'ont qu'une faible r'esolution spatiale qui ne reflete pas la vraie heterogeneite des distributions de fractures des milieux fractures. Le principal objectif de cette these est de developper une nouvelle methode d'inversion specifique pour imager les proprietés hydrauliques et de transport des milieux fractures a l'echelle du site. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des experiences in situ ainsi qu'une nouvelle approche de modelisation inverse sont proposees, notamment en utilisant la temperature comme marqueur des ecoulements. Nous proposons tout d'abord la tomographie d'ecoulement bas'ee sur des tests s'equentiels de debimetrie entre puits, comme une nouvelle approche pour caracteriser la connectivit'e des fractures ainsi que leur transmissivite. A partir de simulations numeriques reproduisant des cas d'etudes synth'etiques, nous montrons que l'approche par tomographie r'eduit significativement l'incertitude sur les parametres estimes, et fournit une caracterisation detaillee du reseau de fracture sans requerir a l'utilisation d'obturateurs hydrauliques. Nous montrons ensuite comment les mesures de temperature peuvent etre utilisees pour quantifier les ecoulements dans les milieux fractur'es. Le grand int'erˆet d'utiliser la temperature est d'obtenir facilement et de facon continue en puits des profils de temp'erature. En utilisant un mod'ele numerique d'ecoulement et de transfert de chaleur a l'echelle du puits, une methode d'inversion pour estimer les vitesses d'ecoulement dans le puits 'a partir des donnes de temperature est proposee. Nous couplons ensuite les deux approches presentees precedemment dans une nouvelle approche experimentale consistant en des enregistrements sequentiels de temperature dans un puits dans des conditions de pompage entre puits. L'application de cette approche de tomographie en temperature sur le site de Stanger Brune montre des resultats encourageants pour l'identification du reseau global de connectivite et des zones d'ecoulement principales. Enfin, nous discutons de l'interet d'utiliser la chaleur comme traceur par rapport 'a l'utilisation de traceurs classiques. Nous montrons que realiser des tests de tracage thermiques en milieu fracture fournit des contraintes supplementaires importantes sur les propri'et'es de transport du milieu.
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Caramori, Paulo Henrique. "Structural analysis of airborne flux traces and their link to remote sensing of vegetation and surface temperature." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41012.

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This thesis examines the link between airborne flux estimates of CO$ sb2$, sensible heat, and water vapor, and surface parameters retrieved by remote sensing. Chapter 1 analyses the relationship between surface temperature and vegetation indices, obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on board of NOAA-9 and -10 satellites, and fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO$ sb2$, estimated from aircraft. Linear relationships between CO$ sb2$ and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or the Simple Ratio vegetation index (SR) are found on a daily basis, but a highly nonlinear relationship appears for the seasonal variation. Latent Heat fluxes showed the poorest correlations with surface parameters. A seasonal linear relationship appeared between sensible heat and NDVI. Local extreme flux values due to the intermittency of boundary layer dynamics largely contribute to lower the correlations; such variations are the reason for the difficulties in relating fluxes obtained from single overpasses and over short distances to fixed points at the surface. This problem is further examined in Chapter 2, in which conditional sampling of airborne flux estimates is used to characterize the turbulent structures that are carrying flux, and their link to the surface. The analysis confirms that few extreme events may carry a significant fraction of the flux. Missing or hitting one of these structures may translate into very large oscillations on the flux estimate that are often not directly coupled to surface characteristics. A much clearer surface 'signature' emerges when measurements are taken within the surface layer, since the reorganization of turbulent structures that takes place with increasing height will result in a merging of the signature that came from different sources at the surface. This helps to explain some of the poor correlations obtained in Chapter 1 and reinforces the need for a better understanding of the distributions of these tu
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Barbier, Benjamin. "Bilan thermique et caractérisation géochimique de l'activité hydrothermale du volcan Rinjani, Lombok, Indonésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210140.

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La caldera du volcan Rinjani contient un lac d’un volume de 1 km³ qui est probablement le plus grand lac volcanique au monde présentant une anomalie thermique nette. Ce lac présente une composition neutre chlorure sulfate bicarbonate inhabituelle pour les lacs volcaniques. Sa TDS (2600 mg/l) et conductivité (3500µs/cm) élevées indiquent un apport de fluides hydrothermaux très important. Enfin, son alcalinité élevée (520 mg/l), indique un apport important de dioxyde de carbone dans le lac.

Les sources thermales situées autour du Gunung Baru (cône volcanique situé dans la caldera) ont une composition chimique en éléments majeurs et une composition isotopique proche de celles du lac volcanique indiquant qu’elles sont essentiellement le résultat du recyclage du lac par le système hydrothermal. Les variations de compositions entre les différentes sources ont permis de montrer que leurs compositions est le résultat du mélange entre un fluide hydrothermal profond de composition neutre chlorure, dont la température a été estimée à 270°C, et d’un fluide plus superficiel riche en magnésium et en sulfate.

Le flux de dioxyde de carbone à la surface du lac a été estimé à l’aide de la méthode de la chambre d’accumulation et par calcul à environ 2300 t/j, ce qui représente un apport significatif de gaz. Cependant, comme le lac présente une structure polymictique, le risque d’accumulation de dioxyde de carbone en profondeur et donc d’éruption limnique peut être exclus.

Pour la première fois dans cette thèse, le modèle d’estimation des flux thermiques émis par les lacs volcaniques mis au point par Stevenson (1992) a été contraint par des mesures des paramètres météorologiques mesurés en continu, ce qui a permis de valider le modèle. De plus, nous avons pu montrer que l’essentiel des variations de températures des lacs volcaniques est dû à des variations météorologiques. En utilisant le flux thermique plutôt que la température, il est dès lors possible d’avoir accès à des variations de l’activité volcanique.

Le flux thermique estimé pour le lac du Rinjani est de 1700 MW, ce qui représente le flux le plus élevé jamais mesuré sur un lac volcanique aérien. Ce flux thermique est aussi plus élevé que le flux thermique mesuré sur des lacs de lave à 800°C. Ce paradoxe apparent s’explique par la plus grande dimension des lacs volcaniques, la capacité calorifique de l’eau quatre fois plus importante que celle du magma et la viscosité de l’eau 1 million de fois inférieure, ce qui fait de l’eau un excellent fluide caloporteur pour transporter les calories vers la surface.


Doctorat en Sciences
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Books on the topic "Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow"

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Jones, M. Q. W. Heat flow in South Africa. Pretoria, Republic of South Africa: Dept. of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Geological Survey, 1992.

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Maj, Sławomir. A parabolic relation between the surface heat flow and radiogenic heat production for heat flow provinces. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1987.

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Čermák, Vladimír, and Ladislaus Rybach, eds. Terrestrial Heat Flow and the Lithosphere Structure. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75582-8.

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Haenel, R., L. Rybach, and L. Stegena, eds. Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2847-3.

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Jones, M. Q. W. Report on heat flow measurements made during 1987. Pretoria: Geological Survey, Dept. of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Republic of South Africa, 1988.

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Sorey, M. L. Measurements of heat and mass flow from thermal areas in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, 1984-93. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Williams, Colin F. Heat-flow measurements in the vicinity of the Hayward Fault, California. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Williams, Colin F. Heat-flow measurements in the vicinity of the Hayward Fault, California. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Clauser, Christoph. Thermal signatures of heat transfer processes in the Earth's crust. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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E, Hobbs Bruce, and Ord Alison 1955-, eds. Convective and advective heat transfer in geological systems. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow"

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Bullard, Edward C. "Historical Introduction to Terrestrial Heat Flow." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 1–6. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0001.

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Jaeger, John C. "Application of the Theory Of Heat Conduction to Geothermal Measurements." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 7–23. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0007.

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Beck, Alan E. "Techniques of Measuring Heat Flow on Land." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 24–57. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0024.

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Langseth, Marcus G. "Techniques of Measuring Heat Flow Through the Ocean Floor." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 58–77. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0058.

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Lubimova, Elena A., Richard P. Von Herzen, and Gleb B. Udintsev. "On Heat Transfer Through the Ocean Floor." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 78–86. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0078.

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Lee, William H. K., and Seiya Uyeda. "Review of Heat Flow Data." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 87–190. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0087.

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Macdonald, Gordon J. F. "Geophysical Deductions from Observations of Heat Flow." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 191–210. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0191.

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Elder, John W. "Physical Processes in Geothermal Areas." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 211–39. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0211.

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Mcnitt, James R. "Review of Geothermal Resources." In Terrestrial Heat Flow, 240–66. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm008p0240.

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Verma, R. K., and Hari Narain. "Terrestrial Heat Flow in India." In The Crust and Upper Mantle of the Pacific Area, 22–34. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm012p0022.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow"

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Yuan, Kun, J. N. Chung, and Yan Ji. "Cryogenic Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer Under Terrestrial and Microgravity." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80613.

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This paper presents experimental investigations of cryogenic nitrogen two-phase flow in horizontal transparent tubes (diameters of 11.1mm) under terrestrial and micro-gravity (10−4g) conditions during the chilldown process, and the focus is on the film boiling region. Constant mass flow rate is achieved by a motor driven bellows, and three different mass fluxes from 9.2 to 27.6kg/m2 · s are tested in the experiments. A drop tower is applied to simulate the micro-gravity environment. During the chilldown process, we measure the time-dependent temperatures at three circumferential locations at different downstream locations. Video images are recorded for identifying the flow patterns. The experiments show that under normal gravity, the flow pattern change from dispersed flow to inverted annular flow and then to unsteady stratified flow according to different wall temperatures, the temperature differences between the lower and upper part of the test section increase with increasing flow rate. Under microgravity, when the temperature is high, the liquid chunks trend to be lifted up and confined mainly in the central core of the tube; when the temperature is low, the liquid chunks are more evenly dispersed inside the whole tube, and some touch the upper wall. It is also found that the measured wall temperatures drop more quickly under microgravity condition compared with that under normal gravity. Moreover, under microgravity condition, the measured temperatures drop more quickly with lower wall temperature. The gravity effect on the quenching curves is alleviated with increasing mass flow rate. Thus gravity effect is more important in low mass flow rate two-phase flow.
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Cassidy, Daniel A., and Richard D. Gould. "Heat Transfer With a MicroPCM Suspension in Laminar Tube Flow Using a Realistic Melting Model." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56730.

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A microPCM fluid is a suspension of particles of microencapsulated phase-change-material (PCM) in a carrier heat transfer fluid. Such fluids have potential as pumped loop cooling media for applications in aerospace electronics cooling, terrestrial energy systems, and recently in electric vehicle cooling. The melting process of the phase change material does not occur at a single temperature but rather occurs over a temperature range. In the past, numerical solutions to microPCM fluids have assumed a linear release of latent heat over the phase change region. In this paper four analytic curve fits to differential scanning calorimeter measurements are made to better model the actual melting/solidification behavior. The numerical scheme models hydrodynamically fully developed laminar flow in a circular tube using the enthalpy method. The microPCM fluid contains 23% by weight microencapsulated octacosane particles in a 50/50% by volume ethylene glycol/water carrier fluid. A prescribed uniform heat flux at the tube wall is used. The solutions for these four cases include mixed mean exit temperature, axial tube wall temperature and local heat transfer coefficient.
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Ho, Clifford K., and Walter Gerstle. "Terrestrial Heat Repository for Months of Storage (THERMS): A Novel Radial Thermocline System." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63066.

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Abstract This paper describes a terrestrial thermocline storage system comprised of inexpensive rock, gravel, and/or sand-like materials to store high-temperature heat for days to months. The present system seeks to overcome past challenges of thermocline storage (cost and performance) by utilizing a confined radial-based thermocline storage system that can better control the flow and temperature distribution in a bed of porous materials with one or more layers or zones of different particle sizes, materials, and injection/extraction wells. Air is used as the heat-transfer fluid, and the storage bed can be heated or “trickle charged” by flowing hot air through multiple wells during periods of low electricity demand using electrical heating or heat from a solar thermal plant. This terrestrial-based storage system can provide low-cost, large-capacity energy storage for both high- (∼400–800°C) and low- (∼100–400°C) temperature applications. Bench-scale experiments were conducted, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to verify models and improve understanding of relevant features and processes that impact the performance of the radial thermocline storage system. Sensitivity studies were performed using the CFD model to investigate the impact of the air flow rate, porosity, particle thermal conductivity, and air-to-particle heat-transfer coefficient on temperature profiles. A preliminary technoeconomic analysis was also performed to estimate the levelized cost of storage for different storage durations and discharging scenarios.
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Abe, Yoshiyuki, Kotaro Tanaka, Takuya Yokoyama, and Akira Iwasaki. "Heat Transfer Devices With Self-Rewetting Fluids." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61328.

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The authors have been proposing the utilization of “self-rewetting fluids” as a new phase change heat transfer media, especially in space applications. Self-rewetting fluids show a quite unique thermophysical behavior—an increase in the surface tension with increasing temperature. Since self-rewetting fluids are non-azeotropic compositions of dilute aqueous solutions of alcohols, the Marangoni effects due to both temperature gradient and concentration gradient work in the same direction in the course of liquid/vapor phase change, and induce a strong liquid flow to hotter interface. A series of terrestrial experiments for conventional heat pipes with self-rewetting fluids have been conducted, and compared with those with water as a reference. Appreciable heat transfer performance improvement from water heat pipes was recognized. Furthermore, a series of low gravity experiments for wickless heat pipes with a self-rewetting fluid have also been conducted by using parabolic flights of aircraft. The heat transfer performance of wickless heat pipes in low gravity was evaluated, and superior characteristics was confirmed.
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Liang, Q., X. Wang, A. S. Barve, and A. Narain. "Effects of Gravity and Surface Tension and Interfacial-Waves and Heat-Transfer Rates in Internal Condensing Flows." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47472.

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The paper presents accurate numerical solutions of the full 2D governing equations for steady and unsteady laminar/laminar internal condensing flows. The chosen geometry allows for film condensation on the bottom wall of a tilted (from vertical to horizontal) channel. It is found that it is important to know whether the exit conditions are constrained or unconstrained because incompressible vapor flows occur only for exit conditions that are unconstrained. For the incompressible vapor flow situations, a method for computationally obtaining the stable steady/quasi-steady solutions is given here and the resulting solutions are shown to be in good agreement with some relevant experimental data for horizontal channels. These solutions are shown to be sensitive to the frequency-content and strength of ever-present minuscule transverse vibrations of the condensing surface. The effects of noise-sensitivity, gravity (terrestrial to zero-gravity), and surface tension on the attainability of stable steady/quasi-steady solutions, structure of superposed waves, and heat-transfer rates are discussed. It is shown that significant enhancement in wave-energy and heat-transfer rates are possible by designing the condensing surface noise to be in resonance with the intrinsic waves.
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Patel, Viral K., and Jamal Seyed-Yagoobi. "Combined Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping and Dielectrophoresis for Enhancement of Liquid Film Flow Boiling." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53247.

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The research in this paper extends previous liquid film flow boiling studies by including the effect of an additional electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force, namely the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force. Rather than using only EHD conduction pumping of the liquid film to electro-wet the heater surface, a localized non-uniform electric field above the heater surface is also used to generate a dielectrophoretic force for improved vapor bubble extraction during the nucleate boiling regime. The effect of liquid film height and applied potential are studied as a function of heater superheat and heat flux. The study considers the sole and combined effect of DEP with EHD conduction pumping. A brief analytical study is also used to estimate the expected dielectrophoretic force magnitude and explain the results. All of the above studies are also used to quantify the enhancement in heat transfer that can be achieved when heat transport systems are driven or augmented by these electrohydrodynamic phenomena. The results show remarkable enhancement of up to 1217% in heat flux and boiling heat transfer coefficient for a given superheat when both mechanisms are used simultaneously. The experimental data are important for applications in thermal management in terrestrial and micro-gravity conditions.
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Castaneda, Alexander J., Nathaniel J. O’Connor, and Jamal Yagoobi. "Investigation of Gravity Effects on Electrically Driven Liquid Film Flow Boiling: A Micro-Gravity Flight Campaign in Preparation of ISS Experiment." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24133.

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Abstract The ongoing development of modern electronic systems leads to smaller, more powerful devices that are expected to operate in complex environments. Due to this, advanced thermal management technologies are required to meet the growing demand, especially in space where two-phase thermal systems are limited by the absence of gravity. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) and dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces can be used to sustain stable liquid film boiling in micro-gravity, which is otherwise impractical due to the lack of a required buoyancy force to initiate bubble departure. EHD and DEP are phenomena that are represented by the interaction between electric fields and fluid flow. The DEP force especially is characterized by the unique ability to act on liquid/vapor interfaces due to a high gradient of electrical permittivity, allowing for two phase operation. This study investigates the effect of EHD conduction pumping coupled with DEP vapor extraction on liquid film flow boiling during a microgravity parabolic flight, and it characterizes the future two-phase microgravity heat transport technology prior to testing on the International Space Station (ISS). The results of this study show that EHD and DEP raise critical heat flux, lower heater surface temperature, and successfully sustain boiling in micro-gravity all at the cost of low power consumption. Additionally, the heat transfer data captured in terrestrial, microgravity, and 1.8 g conditions compare well, indicating that this technology can provide thermal enhancement independent of gravity. This study paves the way for future implementation of EHD-driven two-phase heat transport devices into space and aeronautical electronics applications.
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Yang, Lei, Michal Talmor, and Jamal Seyed-Yagoobi. "Flow Distribution Control Between Two Parallel Meso-Scale Evaporators With Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66222.

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Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumps generate pressure to drive dielectric liquids via the electrical Coulomb force exerted within heterocharge layers of finite thickness in the vicinity of the electrodes. By applying an external electric field in a dielectric liquid, the heterocharge layers form due to the net charges as a result of the process of enhanced dissociation of neutral molecules versus the recombination of the generated ions. EHD conduction pumping can be applied to enhance and control mass and heat transfer of both isothermal and nonisothermal liquid and two-phase fluid, with many advantages such as simple design, no moving parts and low power consumption. It also shows its potential as an active control technique for flow distribution for multi-scale systems in both terrestrial and microgravity environment. Flow distribution control based on EHD conduction pumping mechanism was previously investigated in macro-scale. This study experimentally examines its capability in controlling two-phase flow distribution between two parallel meso-scale evaporators. The working fluid was refrigerant HCFC-123. It has been found that an EHD conduction pump could effectively control the two-phase flow distribution via adjusting the flow rate in each branch line, and facilitate the recovery from dry-out condition in two-phase system.
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Talmor, Michal, and Jamal Yagoobi. "Numerical Performance Characterization of an Innovative Micro-Scale Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping Device." In ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2017-74107.

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As technological advances lead to miniaturization of high power electronics, the concentration of heat generating components per area increases to the point of requiring innovative, integrated cooling solutions to maintain operational temperatures. Traditional coolant pumps have many moving parts, making them susceptible to mechanical failure and requiring periodic maintenance. Such devices are too complex to be miniaturized and embedded in small scale systems. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumps offer an alternative way of generating fluid flow in small scales for use in modern thermal control systems for high power electronics, both for terrestrial and aerospace applications. In EHD conduction, the interaction between an applied electrical field and the dissociation of electrolyte species in a dielectric fluid generates an accumulation of space charge near the electrodes, known as heterocharge layers. These layers apply electric body forces in the fluid, resulting in a flow in the desired direction based on the pump characteristics. EHD conduction pumps work with dielectric fluids and have simple, flexible designs with no moving parts. These pumps have very low power consumption, operate reliably for longer periods than mechanical pumps, and have the ability to operate in microgravity. EHD conduction pumps have been previously proven effective for heat transfer enhancement in multiple size scales, but were only studied in a flush ring or flush flat electrode configurations at the micro-scale. This study provides the pressure and flow rate generation performance characterization for a micro-scale pump with perforated electrodes, designed to be manufactured and assembled using innovative techniques, and incorporated into an evaporator embedded in an electronic cooling system. The performance of the pump is numerically simulated based on the fully coupled equations of the EHD conduction model, showcasing the distinctive heterocharge layer structure and subsequent force generation unique to this innovative design.
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McKellar, Michael G., Rick A. Wood, Carl M. Stoots, Lila Mulloth, and Bernadette Luna. "The Mathematical Analysis of a Novel Approach to Maximize Waste Recovery in a Life Support System." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64199.

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NASA has been evaluating closed-loop atmosphere revitalization architectures that include carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction technologies. The CO2 and steam (H2O) co-electrolysis process is one of the reduction options that NASA has investigated. Utilizing recent advances in the fuel cell technology sector, the Idaho National Laboratory, INL, has developed a CO2 and H2O co-electrolysis process to produce oxygen and syngas (carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) mixture) for terrestrial (energy production) application. The technology is a combined process that involves steam electrolysis, CO2 electrolysis, and the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Two process models were developed to evaluate novel approaches for energy storage and resource recovery in a life support system. In the first model, products from the INL co-electrolysis process are combined to produce methanol fuel. In the second co-electrolysis, products are separated with a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. In both models the fuels are burned with added oxygen to produce H2O and CO2, the original reactants. For both processes, the overall power increases as the syngas ratio, H2/CO, increases because more water is needed to produce more hydrogen at a set CO2 incoming flow rate. The power for the methanol cases is less than pressure swing adsorption, PSA, because heat is available from the methanol reactor to preheat the water and carbon dioxide entering the co-electrolysis process.
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