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Journal articles on the topic 'Heat Climatology. Terrestrial heat flow'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Čermák, V., M. Krešl, J. Šafanda, L. Bodri, M. Nápoles-Pruna, and R. Tenreyro-Perez. "Terrestrial heat flow in Cuba." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 65, no. 3-5 (January 1991): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90128-5.

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2

Hart, S. R., J. S. Steinhart, and T. J. Smith. "Terrestrial heat flow in Lake Superior." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-062.

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Using oceanographic heat-flow techniques, 162 measurements of heat flow were made in Lake Superior during the summers of 1966 and 1967. These data are of high quality, with precisions with respect to intercomparisons typically in the 3–5% range. The data define two very clear features. One is a trough of low heat-flow values, which runs continuously for 650 km along the northern edge of the lake, with values ranging between 0.46 and 0.98 heat-flow units (HFU) (19.2–41.0 mW/m2). This feature correlates with surface exposure of Keweenawan mafic volcanics; it is believed to delineate a major crustal separation associated with the Midcontinent Rift and is filled to crustal thicknesses with mafic intrusives and extrusives. This feature has not been imaged with the seismic reflection profiling of GLIMPCE. The other heat-flow feature is an arcuate ridge of high heat-flow values (1.0–1.45 HFU; 41.8–60.7 mW/m2), parallel to and south of the heat-flow trough. The highest areas of this ridge correspond to areas of thick rift-filling Keweenawan sediments. The high heat flow is modulated to lower values in areas where the thick sediments overlie highly thinned crust now containing large thicknesses of mafic volcanic rock. The heat-flow features show very good correlation with the magnetic anomaly map of Lake Superior, but only spotty correlation with the Bouguer gravity anomaly features.

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3

Vacquier, Victor. "The origin of terrestrial heat flow." Geophysical Journal International 106, no. 1 (July 1991): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb04611.x.

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4

Lister, Clive. "Terrestrial heat flow and lithosphere structure." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 68, no. 39 (1987): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo068i039p00775-02.

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5

Lysak, S. V. "Terrestrial heat flow of continental rifts." Tectonophysics 143, no. 1-3 (November 1987): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90076-x.

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6

Vacquier, Victor. "Corrigendum to ‘Origin of terrestrial heat flow‘." Geophysical Journal International 111, no. 3 (December 1992): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb02118.x.

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7

Ballard, Sanford, Henry N. Pollack, and Neville J. Skinner. "Terrestrial heat flow in Botswana and Namibia." Journal of Geophysical Research 92, B7 (1987): 6291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb092ib07p06291.

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8

Lee, Tien-Chang. "On terrain corrections in terrestrial heat flow." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 135, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00877005.

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9

Cermak, Vladimir. "Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 74, no. 3-4 (December 1996): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(97)88030-4.

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10

Pollack, H. N. "Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal energy in Asia." Tectonophysics 269, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00155-2.

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11

Nyblade, Andrew A., Henry N. Pollack, D. L. Jones, Francis Podmore, and Martin Mushayandebvu. "Terrestrial heat flow in east and southern Africa." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, B11 (1990): 17371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib11p17371.

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12

Bott, M. H. P. "Terrestrial Heat Flow and the Mantle Convection Hypothesis." Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 14, no. 1-4 (January 26, 2010): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1967.tb06257.x.

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13

Wang, Shejiao, Shengbiao Hu, Tiejun Li, Jiyang Wang, and Wenzhi Zhao. "Terrestrial heat flow in Junggar Basin, Northwest China." Chinese Science Bulletin 45, no. 19 (October 2000): 1808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02886273.

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14

Cui, Yue, Chuanqing Zhu, Nansheng Qiu, Boning Tang, and Sasa Guo. "Radioactive Heat Production and Terrestrial Heat Flow in the Xiong’an Area, North China." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244608.

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Herein, integrated heat production analysis in the Xiong’an area was conducted by measuring uranium, thorium, and potassium in different rock types to clarify crust heat flow contribution, simulate the conductive terrestrial heat flow, and illustrate heat source mechanisms of Xiong’an area geothermal resources. The study area was divided into three lithosphere structure types from west to east, and heat production corresponded to layer thickness and heat production with the central area having thicker crust and lower heat production than the eastern and western areas. Crustal heat production, mantle heat flow, and crust–mantle heat flow ratio reveal a ‘cold crust-hot mantle’ in the Xiong’an area.

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15

Kukkonen, I. T. "Terrestrial heat flow and radiogenic heat production in Finland, the central Baltic Shield." Tectonophysics 164, no. 2-4 (August 1989): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90015-2.

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16

Kovačić, Miron. "Terrestrial Heat Flow Density in the Zagreb – Karlovac Area." Geologia Croatica 67, no. 2 (June 17, 2014): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2014.10.

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17

Hurter, Suzanne J., and Henry N. Pollack. "Terrestrial heat flow in the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B4 (April 10, 1996): 8659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jb03743.

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18

Osipova, E. N., I. V. Ivanov, V. A. Smirnov, and R. N. Abramova. "Terrestrial heat flow and its role in petroleum geology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 27 (November 10, 2015): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/27/1/012015.

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19

Yin-Hui, ZUO, QIU Nan-Sheng, DENG Yi-Xun, RAO Song, XU Shen-Mou, and LI Jian-Guo. "Terrestrial Heat Flow in the Qagan Sag, Inner Mongolia." Chinese Journal of Geophysics 56, no. 5 (September 2013): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.20053.

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20

Reiter, Marshall, and Alan M. Jessop. "Estimates of terrestrial heat flow in offshore eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-156.

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From available bottom-hole temperatures and conductivities estimated from lithologic descriptions, heat-flow estimates are calculated for 72 sites on the Canadian Atlantic Shelf. The resulting data suggest a pattern of low heat flow (~055 mW/m2) within the Paleozoic basins in proximity to land areas and generally intermediate heat flow (~60–80 mW/m2) along the outer half of the continental shelf. Higher heat flows (~90 mW/m2) are estimated along the shelf edge in some areas, e.g., the southwestern Scotian Shelf and the eastern Newfoundland and Labrador shelves. Radioactive heat generation in sediments that thicken seawards probably does not account for the observed increase in heat flow. The possibility that higher heat flows in some areas may arise because of fluid movement from depth is suggested. Various other causes for the high heat flows, e.g., tectonic or magmatic activity, are considered less likely.

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21

Nyblade, Andrew A., I. S. Suleiman, Robert F. Roy, Benjamin Pursell, A. S. Suleiman, Diane I. Doser, and G. Randy Keller. "Terrestrial heat flow in the Sirt Basin, Libya, and the pattern of heat flow across northern Africa." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B8 (August 10, 1996): 17737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jb01177.

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22

Cermák, Vladimír. "Terrestrial Heat Flow Studies: History of Knowledge and Principal Achievements." Earth Sciences History 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.26.2.933354787355t1nk.

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The outflow of heat from the Earth's interior is, energy-wise, the most impressive terrestrial phenomenon. Its rate of about 1021 joules per year is order of magnitudes greater than the heat loss from volcanic eruptions or energy dissipation of earthquakes. The study of the Earth's internal heat plays an important role in understanding the Earth's origin, its evolution, internal constitution, and plate tectonics. The paper briefly recalls the early days of geothermal understanding of our planet, lists the principal milestones of heat flow studies and reviews the major achievements of the international cooperation under the activities of the International Heat Flow Commission of the IASPEI.

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23

Issler, Dale R., and Christopher Beaumont. "Estimates of terrestrial heat flow in offshore eastern Canada: Discussion." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2083–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-195.

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24

Reiter, Marshall, and Alan M. Jessop. "Estimates of terrestrial heat flow in offshore eastern Canada: Reply." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2085–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-196.

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25

Reiter, M., J. Minier, and A. Gutjahr. "Variance analysis of estimates and measurements of terrestrial heat flow." Geothermics 14, no. 4 (January 1985): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(85)90001-x.

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26

Čermák, Vladimír, and Ladislaus Rybach. "International Conference Report: Terrestrial Heat Flow and the Lithosphere Structure." Geothermics 16, no. 5-6 (January 1987): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(87)90044-7.

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27

Taylor, A., A. Judge, and V. Allen. "Terrestrial heat flow from project CESAR, Alpha Ridge, Arctic Ocean." Journal of Geodynamics 6, no. 1-4 (December 1986): 137–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(86)90037-2.

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28

Guimarães, Suze Nei Pereira, Fábio Pinto Vieira, and Valiya Mannathal Hamza. "Heat flow variations in the Antarctic Continent." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 3, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v3i1.51.

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The present work provides a reappraisal of terrestrial heat flow variations in the Antarctic continent, based on recent advances in data analysis and regional assessments. The data considered include those reported at the website of IHFC and 78 additional sites where measurements have been made using a variety of techniques. These include values based on the Method of Magmatic Heat Budget (MHB) for 41 localities in areas of recent volcanic activity and estimates that rely on basal temperatures of glaciers in 372 localities that are known to host subglacial lakes. The total number of data assembled is 491, which has been useful in deriving a 10°x10° grid system of homogenized heat flow values and in deriving a new heat flow map of the Antarctic continent. The results reveal that the Antarctic Peninsula and western segment of the Antarctic continent has distinctly high heat flow relative to the eastern regions. The general pattern of differences in heat flow between eastern and western of Antarctic continent is in striking agreement with results based on seismic velocities.

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29

Duque, Maria Rosa Alves. "Numerical Simulations of Terrestrial Heat Flow in the Beiras Region, Mainland Portugal." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 3, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v3i1.48.

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Numerical simulations of heat flow density have been made for ten localities in the Beiras region of central Portugal where observational data are absent. The procedure adopted is based on results of deep crustal geophysical surveys and consider that the heat flow measured at the surface of the Earth results from the addition of heat generated in the crust by radioactive sources to that coming from the mantle. Radioactive heat sources in the region are heterogeneous and heat flow values at the surface depends on the thickness of upper crustal layers. Geotherms were obtained considering heat flow by conduction in the vertical direction. The models employed make use of data derived from geophysical surveys of Moho depths and detailed results related with seismic velocity distribution in the crust. In addition, results of radiometric surveys were employed in deriving heat production values for upper layers of the crust. A value around 35 mW m-2 was assumed for heat flow from the mantle. The resulting heat flow density values are similar to those found for areas with similar tectonic characteristics in NW Africa and in Southern Portugal.

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30

Majorowicz, Jacek Andrew, Marek Grad, and Marcin Polkowski. "Terrestrial heat flow versus crustal thickness and topography – European continental study." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v2i1.30.

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The relation between heat ﬂow, topography and Moho depth for recent maps of Europe is presented. Newest heat ﬂow map of Europe is based on updated database of uncorrected heat ﬂow values to which paleoclimatic correction is applied across the continental Europe (Majorowicz and Wybraniec 2010). Correction is depth dependent due to a diﬀusive thermal transfer of the surface temperature forcing, of which glacial–interglacial history has the largest impact. This explains some very low uncorrected heat ﬂow values of 20–30 mW/m2in shallow boreholes in the shields, shallow basin areas of the cratons, and in other areas including orogenic belts where heat ﬂow was likely underestimated due to small depth of the temperature logs. New integrated map of the European Moho depth (Grad et al 2009) is the ﬁrst high resolution digital map for European plate, which is understood as an area from Ural Mountains in the east to mid-Atlantic ridge in the west, and Mediterranean Sea in the south to Spitsbergen and Barents Sea in Arctic, in the north. For correlation we used the following: onshore heat ﬂow density data with palaeoclimatic correction (5318 locations), topography map (30x30 arc seconds, by Danielson and Gesch 2011) and Moho map by Grad et al (2009), providing longitude, latitude and Moho depth (with resolution of 0.1 degree). Analysis was limited to locations for which datasets were available. The area of continental Europe has been divided into two large domains: Precambrian East European craton and Palaeozoic Platform of the West Europe. In addition, two smaller areas were considered, corresponding to Scandinavian Caledonides and Anatolia. The results obtained reveal significantly diﬀerent correlations between Moho depth, elevation and heat ﬂow for these regions. For each region detailed analysis of these relations in diﬀerent elevation ranges are presented. In general, it is observed that Moho depth is more signiﬁcant for heat flow than elevation. Depending on the region and elevation range, heat flow value is up to two times larger than Moho depth, while relation of heat flow to elevation has much more variability.

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31

Jiang, Guangzheng, Shengbiao Hu, Yizuo Shi, Chao Zhang, Zhuting Wang, and Di Hu. "Terrestrial heat flow of continental China: Updated dataset and tectonic implications." Tectonophysics 753 (February 2019): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.01.006.

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32

Kitajima, Taku, Yoji Kobayashi, Ryuji Ikeda, Yoshihisa Iio, and Kentaro Omura. "Terrestrial heat flow at Hirabayashi on Awaji Island, south-west Japan." Island Arc 10, no. 3-4 (July 7, 2008): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00330.x.

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33

Kitajima, Taku, Yoji Kobayashi, Ryuji Ikeda, Yoshihisa Iio, and Kentaro Omura. "Terrestrial heat flow at Hirabayashi on Awaji Island, south-west Japan." Island Arc 10, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1738.2001.00330.x.

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34

Duchkov, A. A., and A. L. Karchevsky. "Estimation of terrestrial heat flow from temperature measurements in bottom sediments." Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics 7, no. 4 (October 2013): 480–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990478913040042.

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35

Lucazeau, F. "Analysis and Mapping of an Updated Terrestrial Heat Flow Data Set." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20, no. 8 (August 2019): 4001–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008389.

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36

Zhang, Jiong, Shaopeng Huang, Yinhui Zuo, Yongshui Zhou, Zhi Liu, Wentao Duan, and Xu Wei. "Terrestrial heat flow in the baiyinchagan sag, erlian Basin, northern China." Geothermics 86 (July 2020): 101799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101799.

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37

Alexandrino, Carlos, and Valiya Hamza. "Terrestrial Heat Flow in Non-Thermal Ground Water Circulation Settings of Brazil." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v1i1.19.

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Data on Silica content of ground waters have been employed in obtaining estimates of heat flow for more than 500 localities, distributed over six tectonic provinces in Brazil. The procedure adopted is based on the use of an improved geo-thermometry relation for solubility of silica in ground waters. It is coupled with a revised interpretation of the empirical relation between silica content and heat flow, that allows for independent determination of the depth of circulation of ground waters. According to the results obtained mean heat flow values obtained for sedimentary areas of the late Proterozoic Sao Francisco basin and the Paleozoic Amazon basins are in the range of 45 to 47mW/m2. Similar range of heat flow values were found for the Precambrian Borborema province in the northeastern region of Brazil. Higher heat flow values of greater than 50mW/m2 were encountered for the eastern coastal area of Sergipe – Alagoas. On the other hand, Parana basin in southeast Brazil is found to have heat flow values higher than 55mW/m2. Such ranges of mean heat flow values are found to be in reasonably good agreement with those reported in earlier studies, using conventional methods. This trend is considered as indication that silica content of ground waters may be used for obtaining reliable estimates of conductive heat flow in areas where practical limitations impede use of conventional methods.

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38

Cermak, Vladimir, Alan Beck, and Valiya Hamza. "International Heat Flow Commission: History and Accomplishments over the last fifty-five years." International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v1i1.17.

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The study of the earth's internal heat plays an important role in understanding the Earth's origin, internal constitution, and plate tectonics. The outflow of heat from the Earth's interior is, energy-wise, the most impressive terrestrial phenomenon. The present rate of heat loss is estimated to be about 1021 joules per year, which is orders of magnitude greater than the energy dissipation of earthquakes or heat loss from volcanic eruptions. Knowledge of terrestrial heat flow is essential in investigating the internal thermal field of the Earth. Initially focus has been on measurements of underground temperatures and thermal properties of geologic materials, assessment of sources and sinks of heat, institution of global data base, development of thermal models of crust and qualification of geothermal energy resources. During later stages, other implications of heat flow studies has also been recognized in fields such as paleoclimatology, global warming, exploration geophysics and hydrogeology. The International Heat Flow Commission – IHFC plays a guiding role in development of such investigations.

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39

Correia, A., F. W. Jones, and A. Fricker. "Terrestrial heat‐flow density estimates for the Jeanne D’Arc Basin, offshore eastern Canada." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 12 (December 1990): 1625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442814.

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Corrected bottom‐hole temperatures from 35 wells, together with measured and assumed rock thermal conductivities, are used to estimate linear geothermal gradients and effective thermal conductivities in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin in offshore eastern Canada. Heat‐flow density values calculated for each well location indicate that heat‐flow density is slightly higher in the deeper northern part of the basin than in the southern part. It appears that the heat‐flow density distribution is affected by fluid motion within the sediments and not by heat generation or basement topography. Dehydration is suggested as the mechanism that produces the fluid flow pattern that influences the heat‐flow density distribution in the basin, and a simple fluid flow model of the Jeanne d’Arc Basin is presented.

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40

Lou, Hong, Er Xiu Shi, Hua Bin Wei, Xiao Xiong Wu, and Guo Rui Zhao. "Research on the Relationship between Geothermal Field and the Tectonic in Himalayas and its Surrounding Regions." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.432.

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In this article,based on the terrestrial heat flow data, the terrestrial heat flow map in the area, geothermal gradient map and different depth geothermal contour map of study area within the Territory of China, I explored respectively the relationship between geothermal field and tectonic, geologic structures by analyzing respectively the corresponding relationships between the structural diagram and terrestrial heat flow diagram, temperature contour map, geothermal gradient map in study area. The main conclusions are as follows. Geothermal field has been restricted by the India plate and Eurasian plate collision. So the study area as a whole is a geothermal abnormal area. Features of regional geological structure control the geothermal flow distribution. Geothermal abrupt changing occurs between different tectonic units.

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41

Santos, Janilo, Valiya M. Hamza, and Po-Yu Shen. "A Method for Measurement of Terrestrial Heat Flow Density in Water Wells." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 4, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v4i2.1035.

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ABSTRACT. A simple method for measurement of terrestrial heat flow density in wells drawing groundwater from confined aquifers is presented. It requires laboratory determination of thermal resistance but the field work is simple, being limited to measurement of temperature of water at the well mouth during pumping tests.The aquifer temperature (Ta) is calculated from the measured temperature at the well mouth (Tw), the mass flow rate (M) and the depth to the top of the aquifer (H) using the relation(Tw – To) / (Ta – To) = M'R [1 – exp(–1/M'R)]where To is the mean annual surface temperature, R a dimensionless diffusion parameter and M' = MC/KH is the dimensionless mass flow rate, C being the specific heat of water and K the thermal conductivity of the rock formation penetrated by the well. The heat flow density (q) is then calculated from the relationq = (Ta –To) / ∑ n (i=1) Pi Zjwhere Pi is the thermal resistivity of the jth layer of thickness Zi and n the number of layers. The procedure also allow corrections for the influence of thermal conductivity variations oi the wall rocks.This method was used for the determination of heat flow density values for thirteen sites in the northeastern part of the Paraná basin. The mean value obtained is 62±4 mW/m2 in good agreement with the mean of 59±9 mW/m2 obtained by the conventional method for thirteen sites in the Paraná basin. Though similar in principle to the bottom-hole temperature method used in oil wells, the present technique has some inherent advantages. lt is potentially capable of providing a wider geographic representation of heat flow density (being not limited to petroleum fields) and is relatively free of the sampling problems normally encountered in working with oil companies. 0n the other hand the present method may provide unreliable values in the case of wells drawing water from more than one aquifer. RESUMO. Apresenta-se neste trabalho, um método simples para a determinação do fluxo geotérmico em poços em atividade de bombeamento de água subterrânea. O método requer a determinação em laboratório da resistência térmica total das camadas atravessadas pelo poço mas, o trabalho de campo é simples, limitando-se à medida da temperatura da água na boca do poço durante ensaios de bombeamento.A temperatura do aquífero (Ta) é calculada a partir da temperatura da água (TW), medida na boca do poço da vazão (M) expressa em massa de água produzida pelo poço por unidade de tempo e, da profundidade do topo do aquífero (H) usando-se a relação(Tw – To) / (Ta – To) = M'R [1 – exp(–1/M'R)]onde TO é a temperatura média anual da superfície, R é um parâmetro adimensional de difusão, M' = M C/K H é a vazão adimensional do poço, C é o calor específico da água e, K é a condutividade térmica da rocha atravessada pelo poço. O fluxo geotérmico (q) é calculado pela relaçãoq = (Ta –To) / ∑ n (i=1) Pi Zjonde Pi é a resistência térmica da i-ésima camada de espessura Zi e, n é o número de camadas.O método permite também a introdução de correções da influência das variações de condutividade térmica das paredes do poço.Este método foi utilizado na determinação do fluxo geotérmico em treze localidades no nordeste da Bacia do Paraná. O valor médio obtido foi de 62±4 mW /m2 concordando com o valor médio de 59±9 mW/m2 obtido pelo método convencional de determinação de fluxo geotérmico em treze localidades da Bacia do Paraná. Apesar de ser um método similar ao das temperaturas de fundo de poço usado em poços de petróleo, esta técnica apresenta algumas vantagens. O método é potencialmente capaz de fornecer uma representação geográfica mais ampla do fluxo geotérmico, não estando limitado a campos de produção de petróleo, e é relativamente livre de problemas de amostragem normalmente encontrados quando se trabalha com companhias de petróleo. Por outro lado, este método pode fornecer valores irreais de fluxo geotérmico no caso em que o poço extraia água de mais de um aquífero.

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42

Vélez Márquez, Maria Isabel, Jasmin Raymond, Daniela Blessent, and Mikael Philippe. "Terrestrial heat flow evaluation from thermal response tests combined with temperature profiling." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 113 (October 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.07.002.

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43

Lee, Youngmin, and David Deming. "Evaluation of thermal conductivity temperature corrections applied in terrestrial heat flow studies." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B2 (February 10, 1998): 2447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jb03104.

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44

Henry, Steven G., and Henry N. Pollack. "Terrestrial heat flow above the Andean Subduction Zone in Bolivia and Peru." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 93, B12 (December 10, 1988): 15153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb093ib12p15153.

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45

Chen, Yanhui, and A. E. Beck. "Application of the boundary element method to a terrestrial heat flow problem." Geophysical Journal International 107, no. 1 (October 1991): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb01153.x.

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46

Majorowicz, Jacek, and Stanislaw Wybraniec. "New terrestrial heat flow map of Europe after regional paleoclimatic correction application." International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, no. 4 (March 7, 2010): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0526-1.

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47

Guo, Chen, Yong Qin, and Lingling Lu. "Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal field characteristics in the Bide-Santang basin, western Guizhou, South China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 5 (January 7, 2018): 1114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598717752364.

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Geothermal fields in coal-bearing strata significantly influence coal mining and coalbed methane accumulation and development. Based on temperature data from 135 coalfield exploration boreholes and thermophysical tests of 43 rock and coal samples from the Upper Permian coal-bearing strata of the Bide-Santang basin in western Guizhou, South China, the distribution of terrestrial heat flow and the geothermal gradient in the study area are revealed, and the geological controls are analysed. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the coal-bearing strata ranges from 0.357 to 3.878 W (m K)−1 and averages 1.962 W (m K)−1. Thermal conductivity is controlled by lithology and burial depth. Thermal conductivity progressively increases for the following lithologies: coal, mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, and limestone. For the same lithology, the thermal conductivity increases with the burial depth. The present geothermal gradient ranges from 15.5 to 30.3°C km−1 and averages 23.5°C km−1; the terrestrial heat flow ranges from 46.94 to 69.44 mW m−2 and averages 57.55 mW m−2. These values are lower than the averages for South China, indicating the relative tectonic stability of the study area. The spatial distribution of the terrestrial heat flow and geothermal gradient is consistent with the main structural orientation, indicating that the geothermal field distribution is tectonically controlled at the macro-scale. This distribution is also controlled by active groundwater, which reduces the terrestrial heat flow and geotemperature. The high geothermal gradient in the shallow strata (<200 m) is mainly caused by the low thermal conductivity of the unconsolidated sedimentary cover. The gas content of the coal seam is positively correlated with terrestrial heat flow, indicating that inherited palaeogeothermal heat flow from when coalbed methane was generated in large quantities during the Yanshanian period due to intense magmatic activity.

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Goodge, John W. "Crustal heat production and estimate of terrestrial heat flow in central East Antarctica, with implications for thermal input to the East Antarctic ice sheet." Cryosphere 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-491-2018.

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Abstract. Terrestrial heat flow is a critical first-order factor governing the thermal condition and, therefore, mechanical stability of Antarctic ice sheets, yet heat flow across Antarctica is poorly known. Previous estimates of terrestrial heat flow in East Antarctica come from inversion of seismic and magnetic geophysical data, by modeling temperature profiles in ice boreholes, and by calculation from heat production values reported for exposed bedrock. Although accurate estimates of surface heat flow are important as an input parameter for ice-sheet growth and stability models, there are no direct measurements of terrestrial heat flow in East Antarctica coupled to either subglacial sediment or bedrock. As has been done with bedrock exposed along coastal margins and in rare inland outcrops, valuable estimates of heat flow in central East Antarctica can be extrapolated from heat production determined by the geochemical composition of glacial rock clasts eroded from the continental interior. In this study, U, Th, and K concentrations in a suite of Proterozoic (1.2–2.0 Ga) granitoids sourced within the Byrd and Nimrod glacial drainages of central East Antarctica indicate average upper crustal heat production (Ho) of about 2.6 ± 1.9 µW m−3. Assuming typical mantle and lower crustal heat flux for stable continental shields, and a length scale for the distribution of heat production in the upper crust, the heat production values determined for individual samples yield estimates of surface heat flow (qo) ranging from 33 to 84 mW m−2 and an average of 48.0 ± 13.6 mW m−2. Estimates of heat production obtained for this suite of glacially sourced granitoids therefore indicate that the interior of the East Antarctic ice sheet is underlain in part by Proterozoic continental lithosphere with an average surface heat flow, providing constraints on both geodynamic history and ice-sheet stability. The ages and geothermal characteristics of the granites indicate that crust in central East Antarctica resembles that in the Proterozoic Arunta and Tennant Creek inliers of Australia but is dissimilar to other areas like the Central Australian Heat Flow Province that are characterized by anomalously high heat flow. Age variation within the sample suite indicates that central East Antarctic lithosphere is heterogeneous, yet the average heat production and heat flow of four age subgroups cluster around the group mean, indicating minor variation in the thermal contribution to the overlying ice sheet from upper crustal heat production. Despite these minor differences, ice-sheet models may favor a geologically realistic input of crustal heat flow represented by the distribution of ages and geothermal characteristics found in these glacial clasts.

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WANG, Liangshu. "Distribution feature of terrestrial heat flow densities in the Bohai Basin, East China." Chinese Science Bulletin 47, no. 10 (2002): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/02tb9193.

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Sugrobov, V. M., and F. A. Yanovsky. "Terrestrial heat flow, estimation of deep temperature and seismicity of the kamchatka region." Tectonophysics 217, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90201-t.

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