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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heat exchangers Fluid dynamics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Mavi, Anele. "Computational analysis of viscoelastic fluid dynamics with applications to heat exchangers." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30078.

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In this study, the computational analysis of a pressure driven viscoelastic fluid in a double pipe heat exchanger set-up is investigated. Non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids in heat exchanger arrangements are encountered in various industrial applications such as power generation, refrigeration and in the food processing industry where the need for cooling and heating of liquids is required. The model problem is governed by complex, non-linear and coupled partial differential equations. These are solved using the semi-implicit finite difference method integrated with the Crank-Nicolson scheme. T

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2

Piper, Mark [Verfasser]. "Analysis of fluid dynamics and heat transfer in pillow-plate heat exchangers / Mark Piper." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168721474/34.

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3

Bruzzano, Marco Anthony. "Investigation of a self compensating flow distribution system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19284.

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4

Chen, Li-Kwen. "Unsteady flow and heat transfer in periodic complex geometries for the transitional flow regime." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Chen_09007dcc804bed71.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 12, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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5

Walker, Patrick Gareth Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "CFD modeling of heat exchange fouling." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22385.

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Heat exchanger fouling is the deposition of material onto the heat transfer surface causing a reduction in thermal efficiency. A study using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was conducted to increase understanding of key aspects of fouling in desalination processes. Fouling is a complex phenomenon and therefore this numerical model was developed in stages. Each stage required a critical assessment of each fouling process in order to design physical models to describe the process???s intricate kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour. The completed physical models were incorporated into the si

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6

Ozden, Ender. "Detailed Design Of Shell-and-tube Heat Exchangers Using Cfd." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608752/index.pdf.

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Traditionally Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are designed using correlation based approaches like Kern method and Bell-Delaware method. With the advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, it is now possible to design small heat exchangers using CFD. In this thesis, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are modeled and numerically analyzed using a commercial finite volume package. The modeled heat exchangers are relatively small, have single shell and tube passes. The leakage effects are not taken into account in the design process. Therefore, there is no leakage from baffle orifices and

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7

Peronski, Lukasz. "Application of computational fluid dynamics in the design of heat exchangers for domestic central heating boilers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612612.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software in the design process of a heat exchanger for a domestic gas boiler. Fluid flow and heat transfer CFD simulations have been performed and validated. In general, a good agreement between the CFD simulations and the experimental results was observed. The porous media approach was used for approximating the water flow resistance characteristics in the sections of the heat exchanger in the flow distribution problems. This was in cases in which the direct CFD simulations of the water f

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8

Vaitekunas, David A. "A generic dynamic model for crossflow heat exchangers with one fluid mixed /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59591.

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This thesis presents a generic model for crossflow heat exchangers with one fluid mixed, suitable for dynamic process simulation. A finite difference technique is used to formulate the coupled flow and energy solutions for arbitrary transients in pressure drop and temperature.<br>The solution algorithms are presented in two forms: one-way dependence and two-way dependence: for the constant and variable property version of the model, respectively. Variable time step algorithms are also developed to predict the optimal time step for the finite difference solution. The first one uses a first orde

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9

Dimas, Sotirios. "A CFD analysis of the performance of pin-fin laminar flow micro/meso scale heat exchangers." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/05Sep%5FDimas.pdf.

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Thesis (Mechanical Engineer and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Gopinath, Ashok ; Sinibaldi, Jose O. "September 2005." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87). Also available in print.

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10

Taylor, Creed. "Measurement of Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger Performance." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4890.

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Finned-tube heat exchangers are predominantly used in space conditioning systems, as well as other applications requiring heat exchange between two fluids. One important widespread use is in residential air conditioning systems. These residential cooling systems influence the peak demand on the U.S. national electrical system, which occurs on the hot summer afternoons, and thereby sets the requirement for the expensive infrastructure requirement of the nations power plant and electrical distribution system. In addition to this peak demand, these residential air conditioners are major energy us

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11

Keltner, Noelle Joy. "Study of PocoFoam (TM) as a heat exchanger element in cryogenic applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51774.

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Superconductors present great potential for weight reduction and increased power delivery when compared to traditional copper power delivery systems, but current systems require cryogenic cooling systems. Traditional superconductor cooling systems consist of helium cooled by helical heat exchangers made of Oxygen Free High thermal Conductivity (OFHC) copper tube. The helium is cooled by bulky heat exchangers consisting of OFHC copper coils wrapped around a cryogenic cooler heat sink for heat transfer into the working fluid. Metal foams have recently been studied in a variety of heat transfer a

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12

Galati, Chiara. "Experimental and numerical study of flow distribution in compact plate heat exchangers." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19928/1/GALATI_Chiara.pdf.

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This PhD work was motivated by the CEA R&D program to provide solid technological basis for the use of Brayton power conversion system in Sodium-cooled Fast nuclear Reactors (SFRs). Multi-channel compact heat exchangers are necessary for the present application because of the low heat transfer capacity of the gas foreseen. In ASTRID project, a minimum size of Na channels section is required to avoid the plugging risk. However, this induces very low pressure losses in the bundle. Considering an additional inlet flow condition, a real risk of bad flow distribution remains. As a result, the therm

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13

Murphy, Daniel Lawrence. "Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of propane in vertical minichannels." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51802.

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Heat transfer and pressure drop during condensation of propane flowing through minichannels is investigated in this study. Studies of condensation of hydrocarbons are important for applications in the petrochemical industry. Insights into the mechanisms of propane condensation are required for accurate design of heat transfer equipment for use in hydrocarbon processing. At present, there is very little research on vertical condensation, especially of hydrocarbons, for the tube sizes and flow conditions of interest to the present study. An experimental facility was designed and fabricated to me

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14

Wilson, Scott E. "Investigation of Copper Foam Coldplates as a High Heat Flux Electronics Cooling Solution." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6944.

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Compact heat exchangers such as porous foam coldplates have great potential as a high heat flux cooling solution for electronics due to their large surface area to volume ratio and tortuous coolant path. The focus of this work was the development of unit cell modeling techniques for predicting the performance of coldplates with porous foam in the coolant path. Multiple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models which predict porous foam coldplate pressure drop and heat transfer performance were constructed and compared to gain insight into how to best translate the foam microstructure into u

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Shanmugam, Dinesh Kumar, and dshanmugam@swin edu au. "Development of ice particle production system for ice jet process." Swinburne University of Technology. Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050805.145343.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the ice particle production process through experimentation and numerical methods using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that can be used to produce ice particles with controlled temperature and hardness for use in ice jet (IJ) process for industrial applications. The analytical and numerical modeling for the heat exchanger system are developed that could predict the heat, mass and momentum exchange between the cold gas and water droplets. Further, the feasibility study of the deployment of ice particles produced from the ice jet system for possi

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16

Bourke, Jason Michael. "Implications of Airflow Dynamics and Soft-Tissue Reconstructions for the Heat Exchange Potential of Dinosaur Nasal Passages." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1448453168.

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17

Alghamdi, Jamal Khaled. "CFD Simulation Methodology for Ground-Coupled Ventilation System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35736.

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In the past two decades, a growing interest in alternative energy resources as a replacement to the non-renewable resources used now days. These alternatives include geothermal energy which can be used to generate power and reduce the demands on energy used to heat and cool buildings. Ground-coupled ventilation system is one of the many applications of the geothermal energy that have a lot of attention in the early 80â s and 90â s but all designs of the system where based on single case situations. On the other hand, computational fluid dynamics tools are used to simulate heat and fluid flow

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18

Symes, Richard. "Design and modelling of a heat recovery cycle and turbine for a low temperature hydrogen fuel cell." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213827/1/Richard_Symes_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the viability of waste heat recovery from a small scale, low temperature hydrogen fuel cell, to generate additional power using a thermodynamic cycle and micro-turbine. It investigates the optimal fluid selection for an organic Rankine cycle and models a radial inflow turbine to generate power from the cycle, which was able to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell by 5%. This work optimises the cycle and turbine designs to match the operating conditions and achieve the highest efficiency and validates the result using 3D fluid simulations.

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19

Marques, Alfredo Manuel Nobre. "Modelação e avaliação do desempenho de permutadores de calor." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20930.

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O estudo de permutadores de calor baseado em modelos é um tipo de abordagem que, nas últimas décadas, tem merecido particular atenção, tanto pelos investigadores como em desenvolvimento de aplicações práticas, já que estes equipamentos são equipamentos imprescindíveis no funcionamento da generalidade das indústrias, sistemas de energia (centrais termoeléctricas, refinarias, etc.), sistemas de climatização e sistemas de propulsão terrestre, aeronáutica e marítima. Em instalações de máquinas marítimas, os permutadores de calor são determinantes para o bom funcionamento do navio, pois são utiliza

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20

Beale, Steven Brydon. "Fluid flow and heat transfer in tube banks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8103.

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21

Lowdon, A. "Flow induced vibrations of tube arrays in heat exchangers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234773.

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22

Hassan, Marwan. "Dynamics of loosely supported heat exchanger tubes /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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23

Gerova, Klementina. "Thermo-fluid effects associated with modelling subscale automotive heat exchangers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9875.

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Automotive components are tested extensively in wind tunnels by automotive manufacturers and race teams. This is usually achieved using an accurate scale model representation of the component within the wind tunnel. Automotive heat exchangers, however, are comprised of numerous intricate geometries and are therefore impractical to produce at model scale. Instead they are simply modelled as pressure drops, achieved using a thin mesh or honeycomb of known porosity. Most commercial computational fluid dynamics solvers ignore the geometry of the heat exchanger and instead model it as a discontinui

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24

Van, der Westhuizen Nicolé. "Gradient calculations of non-orthogonal meshes in the finite volume method / N. van der Westhuizen." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9722.

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The handling of gradient calculations on non-orthogonal meshes in the Finite Volume Method (FVM) is important in the modelling of complex geometries, since different implementation methods have an influence on the accuracy and the stability of the solution. The application in the current study is the numerical solution of heat conduction in a complex geometry. It finds relevance in many engineering applications such as the Micro-Channel Heat Exchanger (MCHE) that acts as a recuperator in a High Temperature Reactor (HTR) power generation cycle. A program based on the FVM was developed in Excel

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25

Sarde, Deepti R. "Thermal/fluid characteristics of elliptic cross-section filament box-lattices as heat exchanger surfaces." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436470.

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26

El-Sherif, K. M. "Axial heat transfer in a packed bed heat exchangers using fluid near its critical point." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374464.

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27

Cole, Brian D. "Transient performance of parallel-flow and cross-flow direct transfer type heat exchangers with a step temperature change on the minimum capacity rate fluid stream. /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11924.

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28

Van, Zyl Marilize. "Prediction of flow-induced vibration in shell-and-tube heat exchangers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28055.

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Please read the abstract (Summary) in the 00front part of this document<br>Dissertation (M Eng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006.<br>Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering<br>unrestricted

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29

Protheroe, Michael. "Simulation of variable fluid-properties plate heat exchanger for educational purposes thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Masters degree in Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, October 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/ProtheroeM.pdf.

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30

Perry, Jeffrey L. "Fouling in silicon microchannel designs used for IC chip cooling and its mitigation /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/6211.

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31

Nabati, Hamid. "Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Heat Exchangers with Emphasis on Pin Fin Technology." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14409.

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One of the most important industrial processes is heat transfer, carried out by heat exchangers in single and multiphase flow applications. Despite the existence of well-developed theoretical models for different heat transfer mechanisms, the expanding need for industrial applications requiring the design and optimization of heat exchangers, has created a solid demand for experimental work and effort. This thesis concerns the use of numerical approaches to analyze and optimize heat transfer and fluid flow in power generation industry, with emphasis on pin fin technology. This research begins w

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32

Muzychka, Yuri Stephan. "Analytical and experimental study of fluid friction and heat transfer in low Reynolds number flow heat exchangers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/NQ38258.pdf.

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33

袁大偉 and Da-wai David Yuen. "Dynamic analysis of triple heat exchangers by the finite element method." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209051.

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34

Li, Zhongfu. "Investigation on a solar powered absorption air-conditioning system with partitioned hot water storage tank /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23295144.

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35

Balantrapu, Kiran. "Thermal/fluid characteristics of cylindrical-filament open-cell box-lattice structures as heat exchanger surfaces." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433298.

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36

Baldwin, Stephen. "A study of heat and fluid flow phenomena on the gas side of circular-tube plate-fin heat exchangers." Thesis, Coventry University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329038.

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37

Paniagua, Sánchez Leslye. "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in fin-and-tube heat exchangers at different flow regimes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277561.

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This thesis aims at unifying two distinct branches of work within the Heat Transfer Technological Center (CTTC). On one side, extensive experimental work has been done during the past years by the researchers of the laboratory. This experimental work has been complemented with numerical models for the calculation of fin and tube heat exchangers thermal and fluid dynamic behavior. Such numerical models can be referred to as fast numerical tool which can be used for industrial rating and design purposes. On the other hand, the scientists working at the research center have successfully developed

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李仲付 and Zhongfu Li. "Investigation on a solar powered absorption air-conditioning system with partitioned hot water storage tank." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242030.

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39

Rauthan, Kanishk. "Investigation of surface textures on thermal and pressure drop performance of plate-fin heat exchangers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2597.

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Firstly, I would like to show my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Ferdinando Guzzomi and Dr. Ana Vafadar for their immeasurable guidance and support throughout the duration of the project. Dr. Guzzomi and Dr. Vafadar have always had an open-door policy for me which helped me accomplish my goals on or before the deadlines. I highly appreciate Dr. Ferdinando Guzzomi for listening to and putting up with my ridiculous ideas and vision towards the project and pointing me in the right course of direction. I would like to thank Dr. Guzzomi for giving me the creative freedom and putting his tru

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Soria, Guerrero Manel. "Parallel multigrid algorithms for computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6678.

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The main purpose of the dissertation is to contribute to the development of numerical techniques for computational heat transfer and fluid flow, suitable for low cost (loosely coupled) parallel computers. It is focused on implicit integration schemes, using finite control volumes with multigrid (MG) algorithms.<br/><br/>Natural convection in closed cavities is used as a problem model to introduce different aspects related with the integration of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, such as the solution of the pressure correction (or similar) equations that is the bottleneck of the algor

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Lyra, P. R. M. "Unstructured grid adaptive algorithms for fluid dynamics and heat conduction." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637967.

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This work is concerned with the development of reliable and versatile computational tools for the numerical simulation of two-dimensional heat conduction and incompressible and compressible laminar fluid flow problems. Issues related to adaptive techniques, discretisation methodologies (upwind or centred type) and the design of high-resolution shock-capturing schemes are investigated in this thesis. Three distinct research works have been pursued here. In the first work, attention is focused on the construction of an adaptive finite element procedure with mesh refinement, by mesh enrichment, i

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Iverson, Jared M. "Computational fluid dynamics validation of buoyant turbulent flow heat transfer." Thesis, Utah State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550153.

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<p> Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is commonly implemented in industry to perform fluid-flow and heat-transfer analysis and design. Turbulence model studies in literature show that fluid flows influenced by buoyancy still pose a significant challenge to modeling. The Experimental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Utah State University constructed a rotatable buoyancy wind tunnel to perform particle image velocimetry experiments for the validation of CFD turbulence models pertaining to buoyant heat-transfer flows. This study validated RANS turbulence models implemented within the general purp

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Iverson, Jared M. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation of Buoyant Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2025.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is commonly used to visualize and understand complicated fluid flow and heat transfer in many industries. It is imperative to validate the CFD computer models in order to avoid costly design choices where experimentation cannot be used to ratify the predictions of computer models. Assessments of CFD computer models in the literature conclude that significant errors occur in computer model predictions of fluid flow influenced by buoyancy forces. The Experimental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at Utah State University constructed a wind tunnel with which to perform

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Mastrippolito, Franck. "Optimisation de forme numérique de problèmes multiphysiques et multiéchelles : application aux échangeurs de chaleur." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC043/document.

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Les échangeurs de chaleur sont utilisés dans de nombreux secteurs industriels. L'optimisation de leurs performances est donc de première importance pour réduire la consommation énergétique. Le comportement d'un échangeur est intrinsèquement multiéchelle : l'échelle locale de l'intensification des phénomènes de transfert thermique côtoie une échelle plus globale où interviennent des phénomènes de distribution de débit. Un échangeur de chaleur est également le siège de différents phénomènes physiques, tels que la mécanique des fluides, la thermique et l'encrassement. Les présents travaux propose

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45

Sridharan, Harini. "COUPLED DYNAMICS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN SHEAR RHEOMETRY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1597346164780318.

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46

Gomaa, Abdalla Galal. "Thermo-fluid characteristics of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with various fin details for air conditioning applications." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2002. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3513/.

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The need for more efficient air conditioning systems requires an in depth understanding about the performance of its components. One of the key components in the air conditioning plant is the fin-and-tube cooling coil, which is investigated here. The main focus of the work is concerned with the analysis of fin-and-tube cooling coils having two classes of passive enhancement techniques known as corrugated and turbulated fins with particular reference of developing flow region. Initially, two-dimensional modelling was done to establish the scope of later three-dimensional modelling in terms of d

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47

Faggembauu, Débora. "Heat transfer and fluid-dynamics in double and single skin facades." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6690.

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Una proporción muy importante del presupuesto energético total de los países europeos es destinado al consumo energético del sector de la edificación, tanto en el ámbito doméstico como terciario. Debido a que esta tendencia continúa en aumento, es de vital importancia optimizar los edificios tanto desde el punto de vista de las envolventes térmicas, como de las instalaciones térmicas y las condiciones de operación y funcionamiento.<br/><br/>Esta tesis incide fundamentalmente en el diseño eficiente de la fachada, ya que éste es uno de los principales elementos que determinan el comportamiento t

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Nijemeisland, Michiel. "Verification Studies of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fixed Bed Heat Transfer." Digital WPI, 2000. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/318.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the fields that has strongly developed since the recent development of faster computers and numerical modeling. CFD is also finding its way into chemical engineering on several levels. We have used CFD for detailed modeling of heat and mass transfer in a packed bed. One of the major questions in CFD modeling is whether the computer model describes reality well enough to consider it a reasonable alternative to data collection. For this assumption a validation of CFD data against experimental data is desired. We have developed a low tube to particle,

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49

Kent, Russell Malcolm. "Modelling fluid flow and heat transfer in some volcanic systems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306912.

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Aliev, Ruslan. "CFD Investigation of Heat Exchangers with Circular and Elliptic Cross-Sectional Channels." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1452678890.

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