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1
Szreder, Mariusz. "Economical and technical aspects of using air heat pumps for hot water." E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600014.
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The paper presents selected technical and economic aspects related to the use of air heat pumps for the preparation of domestic hot water DHW. The research shows that heating the water in the 130 dm3 storage tank with the A21/W30-50 profile lasted an average of 130 minutes, and the heat pump consumed about 2.2 kWh of energy per one heating cycle. Heating water in a 130 dm3 storage tank from 25°C to 40°C lasted an average of 60 minutes, while heating water for another 5°C took 30 minutes. The operation of the heat pump in the higher temperature of the water in the storage tank is less effective, making the heating of water in the tank above 50°C is ineffective.
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Savu, Ionel Danut, Sorin Vasile Savu, Dalia Simion, NicuȘor-Alin Sirbu, Mirela Ciornei, and Sorin Aurel Ratiu. "PP in 3D Printing - Technical and Economic Aspects." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.4.5286.
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FDM is 3D printing technology using mainly PLA and ABS as filament materials. PP has close characteristics to PLA and, due to that, is a potential material for for deposition. Paper aims to analyse the behaviour of PP during heating cycle specific to 3D printing process. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the deposited strings have been performed. They revealed less stiffness of the PP deposition comparing to PLA, which is due to the lower viscosity of PP. DSC Thermal analysis has been done at it revealed a 30% higher heat flux in PP comparing to PLA and that increases its fluidity. It was recorded a difference between the elongation viscosity of the PP filament and the PP deposited by FDM process. After 5s the deposited PP proves higher values for the elongation viscosity. Dynamic shear rheology measurements the was applied on samples deformed under 210 kN at 190oC. It has been found that the PP requires lower storage energy and that means that it has a lower viscosity for the entire range of applied frequencies. In the same time, the complex viscosities prove different behavior. To improve the control of the deposition shape, it is necessary to reduce the extrusion temperature with 4-5%. That leads to economy in power consumption.
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Emhofer, Johann, Klemens Marx, Tilman Barz, Felix Hochwallner, Luisa F. Cabeza, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Andreas Strehlow, Birgo Nitsch, Michael Wiesflecker, and Werner Pink. "Techno-Economic Analysis of a Heat Pump Cycle Including a Three-Media Refrigerant/Phase Change Material/Water Heat Exchanger in the Hot Superheated Section for Efficient Domestic Hot Water Generation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 7873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217873.
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Integration of a three-media refrigerant/phase change material (PCM)/water heat exchanger (RPW-HEX) in the hot superheated section of a heat pump (HP) system is a promising approach to save energy for domestic hot water (DHW) generation in multi-family houses. The RPW-HEX works as a desuperheater and as a latent thermal energy storage in the system. The latent thermal energy storage is charged during heating and cooling operation and discharged for DHW production. For this purpose, the water side of the RPW-HEX is connected to decentralized DHW storage devices. DHW consumption, building standards and climate, energy prices, material costs, and production costs are the constraints for the selection of the optimal storage size and RPW-HEX design. This contribution presents the techno-economic analysis of the RPW-HEX integrated into an R32 air source HP. With the aid of experimentally validated dynamic computer models, the optimal sizing of the RPW-HEX storage is discussed to maximize energy savings and to minimize the investment costs. The results are discussed in the context of a return of investment analysis, practical implementation aspects and energetic potential of the novel technology.
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Radko, V. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (148) (May 30, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-65-75.
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It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.
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Eveloy, Valerie, and Dereje Ayou. "Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020235.
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A review of current and future district cooling (DC) technologies, operational, economic, and environmental aspects, and analysis and optimization methodologies is presented, focusing on the demands of cooling-dominated regions. Sustainable energy sources (i.e., renewable, waste/excess electricity and heat, natural/artificial cold) and cooling/storage technology options with emphasis on heat-driven refrigeration, and their integrations in published DC design and analysis studies are reviewed. Published DC system analysis, modeling, and optimization methodologies are analyzed in terms of their objectives, scope, sustainability-related criteria, and key findings. The current and future development of DC in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, a major developing cooling-dominated market, is examined more specifically in terms of current and future energy sources and their use, and economic, environmental, and regulatory aspects, with potential technical and non-technical solutions identified to address regional DC sustainability challenges. From the review of published DC design and analysis studies presented, collective research trends in key thematic areas are analyzed, with suggested future research themes proposed towards the sustainability enhancement of DC systems in predominantly hot climates.
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Demchenko, V. G., and V. Yu Falco. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THERMAL STABILITY OF SUBSTANCES FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2019.9.
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Optimizing the storage methods for excess heat energy and associated technical and technological solutions has a significant impact on the development of LHTES systems. New technologies for storing thermal energy are increasingly an alternative to the classic methods of providing thermal infrastructure facilities. In this paper we analyze the results of experimental studies of heat-storage materials for their further integration into the Smart Grid heating system of infrastructure objects and use in the M-TES. The conducted literary review showed that the thermophysical parameters of the investigated substances for the conservation of heat from different authors are very different. We conclude that this is due to the quality of the materials being studied and the errors of laboratory measurements. This negatively affects the design of LHTES systems and greatly complicates the calculation and modeling of heat transfer processes. It is especially important to correctly determine the amount of heat that can be obtained during the charging and discharge cycles of TES, as well as the lifetime of the material that accumulates heat. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to identify the appropriate material for energy storage applications between 0 0C and 115 0C and evaluate it, depending on the thermophysical properties and the time of stable operation. Taking into account the economic aspects, only the available technical materials are considered within the framework of this study, since the choice of material is aimed at the use of M-TES in real conditions of operation. Figure 1 summarizes the results of research on heating and cooling cycles of heats of heat storage substances. High thermal power and, hence, high thermal conductivity are important for the storage efficiency of PCM, especially in the process of solidification, because in a heat transfer predominant solid layer that grows continuously. However, both PCMs are not suitable for mobile thermal storage systems in this form. The huge disadvantages are the emergence of different values of the melting point, the high retention time of both candidates, as well as their prices. Therefore, further research should be directed to eliminate these negative effects. Despite the relatively low density of heat storage with aqueous solutions of antifreeze, they are beneficial candidates for waste heat transfer systems within the framework of this study. Addition of NaCl salt practically does not affect the speed of heating and cooling of the coolant. The addition of bischofite worsens the thermophysical properties of water and shows a small density of heat accumulation. It has been experimentally established that after 3 ... 4 cycles of heating and cooling from a solution of technical bischofite, a dark yellow, insoluble precipitate forms, which creates problems during the operation. Significant increase in TES discharge time was obtained when testing ozokerite. All of the above substances have shown a stable state after 30 cycles of heating / cooling and indicate overcooling below the melting point by about 30 °C. Trihydrate sodium acetate shows no stable results. Subsequently, after 20 cycles of heating and cooling, it loses its properties.
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Savic, Nemanja, Vladimir Katic, Boris Dumnic, Dragan Milicevic, Zoltan Corba, and Nenad Katic. "The Investment Justification Estimate and Techno-economic and Ecological Aspects Analysis of the University Campus Microgrid." Electronics ETF 23, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1923026s.
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The paper presents the plan and design of the idea of the microgrid at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad (FTN NS) in the university campus, which is based on the application of several different distributed energy sources. The main distributed energy sources used and planned for the distributed electricity generation in the microgrid “FTN NS” are the photovoltaic power plant with a nominal output of 9.6 kW, a photovoltaic power plant with a nominal output power of 16.3 kW, a wind power plant with a nominal output power of 2 kW, a cogeneration plant for combined heat and power production of the nominal output power of 10 kWe + 17.5 kWt, two electric vehicles of 4 kW and 2.5 kW power, and battery energy storage system with a total capacity of 36 kWh. The paper describes the main technical characteristics, the estimation of electricity generation and the estimation of the amount of non-polluted gaseous greenhouse effect for each distributed source of energy. In order to verify the justification of the application of the proposed microgrid concept, a detailed techno-economic and ecological analysis of the aspects of the application of distributed energy sources in the microgrid “FTN NS” was carried out in the paper.
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Nemś, Magdalena, Artur Nemś, and Kamila Gębarowska. "The Influence of the Shape of Granite on the Heat Storage Process in a Rock Bed." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215662.
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Granite is one of those materials that due to its thermal parameters is used as a filling for storage beds, including high-temperature ones. The article analyzes local material that was extracted in Strzegom, Poland. The purpose of the paper is the assessment of storage material with regard to its cooperation with a heat source that is available for a short time, e.g., a solar installation. Three different shapes of granite material were tested: rock, cube and sphere. Each shape has its advantages and disadvantages, which are associated with economic and strength aspects. The article presents experimental tests of the material, which were conducted in order to determine the efficiency of the charging process. The results show that rock-shaped granite filling elements are characterized with the best parameters during the charging process, and that they obtained the highest first- and second-law efficiency in the entire tested range of inlet air temperature and flow rate. The efficiency of the cube-shaped granite was lower than the sphere-shaped granite. This means that the efficiency does not directly depend on the coefficient of sphericity of the elements that fill the storage bed. The determination of the second law efficiency showed that the highest use of energy supplied with hot air occurs after 1 h of charging the accumulator in the case of all the analyzed geometries. At the end of the paper, the influence of the obtained results on the process of modelling the charging of a storage bed filled with elements of non-spherical geometry is also discussed.
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Panchenko, Olga, Maryna Domashenko, Oleksii Lyulyov, Nataliya Dalevska, Tetyana Pimonenko, and Natalia Letunovska. "Objectivation of the Ecological and Economic Losses from Solid Domestic Waste at the Heating Enterprises." Management Systems in Production Engineering 29, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2021-0029.
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Abstract The aim of this research is to study theoretical and practical aspects of the ecological and economic losses from the use of solid domestic waste (SDW) as energy resources in the heat power industry of Ukraine. The methodical approaches to evaluating the ecological and economic losses caused by solid domestic waste (SDW) comprise: the developed algorithm, which evaluates the ecological and economic losses in the SDW use as fuel and energy resources in comparison with basic and project variant; the investigated morphological composition of SDW in the Ukrainian regions, on the basis of which there is proposed a matrix for further calculations of the ecological and economic loss from atmospheric pollution as a result of the energy-intensive SDW combustion at the power plants by the Ukrainian regions. The efficiency of using SDW as secondary energy resources, which essentially depends on the conventional energy resources combustion, is proved. According to the chemical and morphological composition of SDW, the average amount of harmful substances by their element constituents of SDW is determined. The economic loss from the combusting 1 ton of SDW as energy resources is estimated. Reasonability of using SDW as energy resources, based on the optimal ratio between conventional resources and energy-intensive SDW through minimizing total production costs and possible ecological and economic loss, is grounded. It is proved that while estimating the ecological and economic losses, it is necessary to consider the SDW morphological composition and regional specific features regarding the location of heat and power enterprises and organized storage landfills. It is grounded that the obtained estimates of the ecological and economic losses may be used for identifying the ecological and economic evaluation of the SDW efficiency use in the heat power industry at the regional level.
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Brumana, Giovanni, Giuseppe Franchini, Elisa Ghirardi, and Antonio Perdichizzi. "Analysis of Solar District Cooling systems: the Effect of Heat Rejection." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 08018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019708018.
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The paper presents the performance assessment of a solar district cooling system with special attention to the heat rejection process. The investigation includes energetic, economic and environmental aspects. The district cooling network is driven by two-stage Li-Br absorption chillers coupled with parabolic trough solar collectors. The whole system, including solar field, storage tanks and chilled water pipeline, has been modelled in Trnsys. The focus is on the heat rejection systems, and their impact on the performance of the cooling plant. Four different types of heat rejection systems are considered: Air Cooling (AC), Evaporative Cooling Tower (ECT), Groundwater Heat Exchanger (GHE) and Geothermal Boreholes (GB). The paper presents two case studies in the Gulf region: the warm climate is compared for two condition of humidity, dry (Riyadh) and humid (Abu Dhabi). Furthermore, the work presents a multivariable optimization procedure based on GenOpt software interacting with Trnsys model under the constraint of a 70% annual solar fraction. The best option resulted to be the one based on absorption chillers coupled with Groundwater Heat Exchanger in both locations. The annual power consumption is reduced by 83% in Abu Dhabi and 82% in Riyadh compared to conventional cooling systems.
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Gadalla, Mamdouh A., Alaa Elmasry, Ibrahim Alhajri, Fatma H. Ashour, and Hany A. Elazab. "Better Heat and Power Integration of an Existing Gas-Oil Plant in Egypt Through Revamping the Design and Organic Rankine Cycle." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123102115010001.
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Objective: The current study aims mainly to Maximize Condensate Recovery (NGLs), focusing on a gas processing train of Gas-Oil Separation Plant (GOSP) located in Egypt with a capacity of 4,230 kmole/h. Methods: The research study accounts for the constraint of Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) specification, which makes the storage in floating roof tanks is of a great risk. The study proposes the installation of the cryogenic train that recovers condensates (C4+). This train comprises of compression unit, expansion unit, three-phase separators and a re-boiled absorber. The problem of RVP will no longer exist because of the re-boiled absorber achieving RVP according to export specifications (RVP below 82.74 kPa). Heat integration is applied over the whole process to minimize the reliability of the external utilities. Further, an Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is introduced to the existing unit for more heat integration to develop useful work from process waste heat. Furthermore, both environmental emissions of CO2 and economic implications are investigated. Results: Energy integration played a vital role in decreasing the compressing power by about 31%, the cooling load by about 81%, and eliminating the heating load leading to zero CO2 emissions. Conclusion: The new energy-integrated retrofit scenarios exceed the recommended revamping schemes by previous works and base case in all aspects of condensate recovery, energy-saving, environmental concerning and economics.
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Geryło, R. "Energy-related conditions and envelope properties for sustainable buildings." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0079.
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AbstractThe assessment methodology for the sustainability of buildings is based on the analysis of environmental, social and economic performance. The main purpose of the paper is the presentation of energy-related conditions and envelope properties as well as methodology aspects. The first part of the paper presents the literature review on sustainability and zero-energy buildings. The second part is devoted to describe different energy indicators for the evaluation of primary energy requirements and energy characteristic. The last section describes the general methodology for characterization of energetic properties of the building envelope and gives examples from literature of the effect of applications in a building’s envelope an aerogel based thermal insulation for higher thermal transmittance and a PCM for higher latent heat capacity with general description of results obtained by other authors. The crucial measure is the use of high thermal performance components for the building’s envelopes combined with the heat storage potential. In the context of sustainability, energy related conditions constitute a new set of indicators for identifying the usefulness and the efficiency of new technologies.
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van der Roest, Els, Theo Fens, Martin Bloemendal, Stijn Beernink, Jan Peter van der Hoek, and Ad J. M. van Wijk. "The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092616.
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The fossil-based energy system is transitioning towards a renewable energy system. One important aspect is the spatial and temporal mismatch between intermitted supply and continuous demand. To ensure a reliable and affordable energy system, we propose an integrated system approach that integrates electricity production, mobility, heating of buildings and water management with a major role for storage and conversion. The minimization of energy transport in such an integrated system indicates the need for local optimization. This study focuses on a comparison between different novel system designs for neighborhood energy and water systems with varying modes of system integration, including all-electric, power-to-heat and power-to-hydrogen. A simulation model is developed to determine the energy and water balance and carry out economic analysis to calculate the system costs of various scenarios. We show that system costs are the lowest in a scenario that combines a hydrogen boiler and heat pumps for household heating; or a power-to-X system that combines power-to-heat, seasonal heat storage, and power-to-hydrogen (2070 €/household/year). Scenarios with electricity as the main energy carrier have higher retrofitting costs for buildings (insulation + heat pump), which leads to higher system costs (2320–2370 €/household/year) than more integrated systems. We conclude that diversification in energy carriers can contribute to a smooth transition of existing residential areas.
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Bista, A., T. N. Joshi, K. Biswokarma, and S. Yadav. "Agronomic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Agriculture on Wheat Crop Production." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24637.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major vegetable crops of Nepal. Potato is grown all over the globe and consumed as either vegetable or staple food depending upon the crop production scenario. It is also an integral part of human diet. Potato is a high nutrient mining crop and needs higher fertilization for economic tuber production. Despite sufficient application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P2O5), low replenishment and widespread potassium deficiency are limiting the potato production in Nepalese condition. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll% was positively correlated with potassium application. Potassium alleviated stresses of frost and drought and reduced incidence of diseases like late blight, black scurf and hollow heart. Potassium also decreased the reducing sugar content and improved chips color and quality. Similarly, potassium application before harvest was found to increase storage life of potato tubers. Furthermore, potassium application significantly increased the yield of potato tubers and quality parameters such as Vitamin C content and specific gravity. Source of potassium and method of potassium application also affected growth, yield and quality parameters. Soil application of potassium in splits coupled with foliar spay was found to perform better. Optimum dose of potassium was recommended for economic tuber production
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 161-166
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Raja, V. Boopathi, and V. Shanmugam. "Experimental Analysis of Newly Designed Solar Assisted Single Effect Absorption Cooling System of 5.25 kW Cooling Capacity for Domestic Use." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.32.
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Many research studies have been carried out to develop small capacity absorption cooling systems as an alternative to conventional vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) systems with respect to performance and economic aspects. The aim of this work is to design a solar assisted single effect absorption cooling system of 5.25 kW cooling capacity to cool a room having floor area of 15 m2. Based on the design, an experimental setup is constructed and operated by supplying heat to the generator using solar energy. The performance analysis of the cooling system is carried out by measuring the various operational parameters. The minimum cooling temperature of 16°C is observed in the evaporator and maximum COP of 0.9 is obtained when the hot water storage tank reaches 90°C. As per this new design, the operational cost is minimized and the COP obtained is slightly higher when compared to that of earlier similar works.
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Morabito, Alessandro, Jan Spriet, Elena Vagnoni, and Patrick Hendrick. "Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower Case Studies in Belgium: Perspectives and Challenges." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154000.
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To avoid the geographical and topographical prerequisites of the conventional pumped hydro energy storage, the use of underground cavities as water reservoirs allows countries without steep topography, such as Belgium, to increase the potential of the energy storage capacity. Belgium abounds in disused mines and quarries convertible into water basins. In this article, two Belgian case studies are presented and discussed for their singularity. A slate quarry in Martelange is discussed in technical aspects proposing three operating scenarios. Moreover, a preliminary economic analysis of the underground pumped storage system and a greenhouse gas emission evaluation for the storage system’s lifetime are presented. The analysis for a 100 MW power plant estimates a total initial investment of over 12 million euros and two million of CO2 avoided over its lifetime. This article also proposes the use of the coal mine 500 m deep of Pérronnes-lez-Binche. The mine representation discussed here offers a high energy capacity, but the substantial head drop (from about 500 to 200 m) challenges the selection of the hydraulic turbomachinery. A 1D simulation computed in SIMSEN draws out the behaviour of the unusual hydraulic configuration of turbines in series.
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Zapalowska, Anita, and Ulyana Bashutska. "The use of agricultural waste for the renewable energy production." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 18 (March 28, 2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/411914.
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In addition to hydroelectric power plants, solar and wind power plants, biogas plants are important in the production of electricity and heat from renewable energy sources. It is known that depending on the type of substrate used for processing and the design features of biogas plants, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, properly localized biomass installation is able to decrease the use of conventional materials reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Bio-waste, plant residues and other by-products can be used to produce electricity, heat and purified methane as fuel for repaired vehicles. Biogas production is a key technology for the sustainable use of agricultural biomass as a renewable energy source. Both, Poland and Ukraine, have a large agricultural area, and well developed animal cattery, which creates opportunities for alternative energy sources from biomass development.
Agricultural biogas plant energy produced from waste such manure, slurry and another agricultural waste, is an excellent source of heat, likewise, electricity. Therefore the importance of using agricultural waste as an energy source in the production of biogas shall be emphasized. A significant drawback of the system is the need to provide low economic and environmental losses. For this purpose, the place of biomass harvesting, transport and its preparation together with storage should be taken into account. To achieve the highest efficiency, small biogas plants should have permanent composition of substrate consisting of various ingredients.
Ukraine and Poland has considerable potential of renewable energy sources development of which can provide significant economic, ecological, and social benefits. The production of biogas has become an attractive source of extra income for many farmers. Biogas production has a useful effect not only on economic, but ecological development, particularly in the rural regions. At the same time, environmental protection aspects have gained additional importance, so that anaerobic treatment processes have become a key technology for environmental and climate protection.
On the basis of the submitted documentation by the municipal administration and the manufacturer, the operation of biogas plants for the processing of organic agricultural waste in Gorajec and Odrzechowa (Poland) has been presented.
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Zhukov, Alexey D., Karapet A. Ter-Zakaryan, Ekaterina Yu Bobrova, and Anaton S. Pilipenko. "Insulation Sheath Materials for Cold Preservation." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.452.
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The article studies one of the aspects of the heat-insulating multifunctional shells use - the cold preservation. Such task is relevant for cold storages, workshops and warehouses, in which low temperatures constant maintenance is necessary, for sports facilities (for example, ice rinks and ski facilities). In all cases of application, the main goal is to achieve the economic efficiency, which is expressed in functional results (preservation of the material that breaks down at positive temperatures) and in energy savings. The use of polyethylene-based shells, which are connected by a lock joint, is substantiated. The experimental studies results of the material given in the article shows that in terms of resistance to low and alternating temperatures, operational durability, tensile strength and water absorption, this material and insulating shells based on it are quite applicable for insulation of cold-saving objects. The experience of using heat, vapor and moisture insulating shells based on polyethylene foam with the equipment of frameless and frame structures, sports facilities, as well as for the preservation of snow at ski resorts is also provided in the article.
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Stevanovic, Sanja, Mila Pucar, and Vesna Kosoric. "Potential solar energy use in a residential district in Nis." Spatium, no. 20 (2009): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0920009s.
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Serbia is a suitable place for solar energy exploitation with more than 2000 sunny hours per year over 80% of its territory. In the paper, the existing state is analyzed and the possibilities of solar energy use are examined by employing a combined approach. This relies on the following elements: an attached conservatory with remote heat storage for space heating in the period October-April; a canopy covered by flexible organic photovoltaic modules for electricity production in the period May- September, and a solar water heating system throughout the year. In addition to an analysis of energy performance of the proposed design solution, its economic aspect is also discussed, which suggests that investing in energy efficiency projects should be encouraged provided the state adopts an appropriate system of subsidies for the use of renewable energy sources.
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Sun, Cheng, Meng Zhen, and Yu Shao. "Research on the Thermal Environment of Northeast China's Rural Residences." Open House International 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2017-b0008.
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Rural residential energy consumption accounts for 46.6% of total building-related energy consumption of China. In Northeast China, energy consumption for space heating represents a significant proportion of total rural residential energy consumption and has reached 100 million tce (tons of standard coal equivalent), or more than 60% of total household energy consumption. In terms of energy consumption per square meter of gross floor area, rural residential energy consumption for heating is more than that of cities (20kgce/m2). However, the average indoor temperature of most rural residence is below 10°C, much less than that in cities (18°C). Hence, it is an important task for Chinese energy saving and emission reduction to reduce rural residential energy consumption, while enhancing indoor thermal comfort at the same time. Restricted by local technology and low economic level, rural residences currently have poor thermal insulation resulting in severe heat loss. This paper reports on research aimed at developing design strategies for improving thermal insulation properties of rural residences with appropriate technology. A field survey was conducted in six counties in severe cold areas of Northeast China, addressing the aspects of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, internal and external surface temperature of building envelop enclosure, and so on. The survey data show the following: 1. Modern (after 2000) brick-cement rural residences perform much better than the traditional adobe clay houses and Tatou houses (a regional type of rural residence in Northeast China – see figure A) in overall thermal performance and indoor thermal comfort; 2. Among the traditional residential house types, adobe clay houses have better heat stability and thermal storage capacity than Tatou houses; 3. Applying an internal or external thermal insulation layer can greatly improve rural residential thermal insulation properties, and is an economical and efficient solution in rural areas; 4. In terms of roofing materials, tiled roofs show much better thermal insulation properties than thatch roofs; 5. Adopting passive solar techniques can form a transition space (greenhouse) against frigid temperatures, resulting in interior temperatures 5.91°C higher than the outside surroundings. It is evident that local passive solar room design offers significant heat preservation effects and lower cost ($12/m2), embodies the ecological wisdom of rural residents, and is therefore important to popularize. The above experimental results can provide guidance in energy conservation design for both self-built residences and rural residences designed by architects. In addition, the results can also provide experimental data for energy-saving studies for rural residences in China.
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Forsström, J. P., P. D. Lund, and J. T. Routti. "Economic analysis of heat storage in energy systems." International Journal of Energy Research 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440110108.
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Smolen, Slavomir, and Marzena Budnik-Rodz. "Technical and economic aspects of waste heat utilization." Thermal Science 11, no. 3 (2007): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0703165s.
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The main aim of the following presentation is the comparison and evaluation of the conditions for waste heat utilization in Germany and in Poland. This paper presents synthetically the results of economic analysis of the different technical variants. The employment of heat pumps and other heat transformers, respectively, can reduce the energy consumption, but using of those technical possibilities depends mainly on the economic aspects. The main parameters of the financial calculations were the energy and equipment costs but beyond it a number of other factors were also considered and compared, for example calculation interests, profit tax level and similar. Four different technical alternatives were analyzed, it is using of absorption heat pump, compression heat pump, heat transformer (absorption), and a special combined system with gas motor to drive of heat pump compressor. The capital value as main result of the investigations is in Poland generally lower because of relatively high investment cost and lower energy prices compared to the situation in Germany and West Europe. The basis for the presented comparative analysis was an industrial project in Germany which effected in development of concepts for waste heat using. .
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Bauer, Thomas, Nicole Pfleger, Nils Breidenbach, Markus Eck, Doerte Laing, and Stefanie Kaesche. "Material aspects of Solar Salt for sensible heat storage." Applied Energy 111 (November 2013): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.072.
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Beutler, Ernest. "Lysosomal storage diseases: Natural history and ethical and economic aspects." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 88, no. 3 (July 2006): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.01.010.
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Lee, T., D. W. Hawes, D. Banu, and D. Feldman. "Control aspects of latent heat storage and recovery in concrete." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 62, no. 3 (May 2000): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(99)00128-2.
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Weber, Ulrich Wolfgang, Niko Kampman, and Anja Sundal. "Techno-Economic Aspects of Noble Gases as Monitoring Tracers." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123433.
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A comprehensive monitoring program is an integral part of the safe operation of geological CO2 storage projects. Noble gases can be used as geochemical tracers to detect a CO2 anomaly and identify its origin, since they display unique signatures in the injected CO2 and naturally occurring geological fluids and gases of the storage site complex. In this study, we assess and demonstrate the suitability of noble gases in source identification of CO2 anomalies even when natural variability and analytical uncertainties are considered. Explicitly, injected CO2 becomes distinguishable from shallow fluids (e.g., subsea gas seeps) due to its inheritance of the radiogenic signature (e.g., high He) of deep crustal fluids by equilibration with the formation water. This equilibration also results in the CO2 inheriting a distinct Xe concentration and Xe/noble gas elemental ratios, which enable the CO2 to be differentiated from deep crustal hydrocarbon gases that may be in the vicinity of a storage reservoir. However, the derivation has uncertainties that may make the latter distinction less reliable. These uncertainties would be best and most economically addressed by coinjection of Xe with a distinct isotope ratio into the CO2 stream. However, such a tracer addition would add significant cost to monitoring programs of currently operating storage projects by up to 70% (i.e., from 1 $US/t to 1.7 $US/t).
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Balat, Havva, and Cahide Öz. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Carbon Capture an Storage — A Review." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 25, no. 5 (October 2007): 357–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459807783528883.
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This article deals with review of technical and economic aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage. Since the late 1980s a new concept is being developed which enables to make use of fossil fuels with a considerably reduced emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The concept is often called ‘Carbon Capture and Storage’ (CCS). CCS technologies are receiving increasing attention, mainly for their potential contribution to the optimal mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions that is intended to avoid future, dangerous climate change. CCS technologies attract a lot of attention because they could allow “to reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere whilst continuing to use fossil fuels”. CCS is not a completely new technology, e.g., the United States alone is sequestering about 8.5 MtC for enhanced oil recovery each year. Today, CCS technologies are widely recognised as an important means of progress in industrialized countries.
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Zsiborács, Henrik, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, András Vincze, István Háber, and Gábor Pintér. "Economic and Technical Aspects of Flexible Storage Photovoltaic Systems in Europe." Energies 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11061445.
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Grubor, Marina, and Miodrag Šmelcerović. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041311m.
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This paper provides a brief overview of waste management in Serbia in order to become such a past in the European Union as a result of the obligations arising from the European Waste Land Disposal Directive. This will in practice mean that there is no longer any disposal of untreated waste, and the processing of waste will be paid according to the following price lists, and then the separate collection of waste becomes, in some way, an instrument for reducing the burden on the budget, ie saving from disposal and waste disposal. There is a direct link between the amount of landfill for the landfill and the economic viability of their waste management systems, a new study by the European Institute for Foreign Policy and the needs of the European Commission confirmed. The task of the study was to analyze the use of economic instruments in waste management. considerations used in the development of the ecological system model in order to select the solid waste management process, after which the possibility of using the incineration process is presented. It also provides an overview of the use of waste as fuel, institutional and financial frameworks. A rough estimate was made that about 50% of waste could be burnt with the possibility of obtaining heat and electricity. If about 1,800 kWh of useful energy (thermal and electrical) is obtained per tonne of waste then it is possible to expect about 1,800 kWh / tx 75,000t = 135 MWh of useful energy or an approximate savings effect of about 6,750,000 € per year, calculated with the price of energy from 0.05 € / kWh., Per city in Serbia.
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Charach, Ch, and A. Zemel. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Latent Heat Storage in a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929995.
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This work addresses the entropy generation aspects of a latent heat storage in which the energy delivered by a hot gas flowing through a cylindrical tube induces melting of the material surrounding the tube. The heat transfer for conduction-dominated melting is analyzed, taking into account the two-dimensional effects. The storage process irreversibilities associated with both the gas flow and the heat transfer (including entropy generation in the melted layer) are considered. The number of entropy generation units, which is a measure of the thermodynamic imperfection of the energy storage process, is expressed as a function of the main design parameters of the system. Analytic bounds and simplified asymptotic expressions for this quantity are derived. The results are compared with earlier one-dimensional studies.
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Rasburskis, Nerijus, Juozas Gudzinskas, and Jonas Gylys. "COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION: SOCIO‐ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636369.
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The paper is based on the study of Lithuania facing the need for huge investments in both the replacement of the Ignalina nuclear power station and the replacement of district heating production units in many of the existing systems. Lithuania has a big technical potential for implementing small‐scale combined heat and power production (CHP) systems. Meanwhile, such implementation needs public regulation to become feasible not only from a socio‐economic, but also from a business economic point of view. The study focuses upon the analysis of methods for the incorporation of technical, economical and environmental considerations into large‐scale investment decision‐making in the energy sector. The research study could be a guideline for determination of national potential for high efficiency CHP not only from the technical, but both the economical and the environmental point of view. Based upon the results of the study investigation and analysis, areas for improvement in current energy sector investment decision-making processes are highlighted, and areas for further research are recommended.
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Fiaschi, Daniele, Giampaolo Manfrida, Karolina Petela, and Lorenzo Talluri. "Thermo-Electric Energy Storage with Solar Heat Integration: Exergy and Exergo-Economic Analysis." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040648.
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A Thermo-Electric Energy Storage (TEES) system is proposed to provide peak-load support (1–2 daily hours of operation) for distributed users using small/medium-size photovoltaic systems (4 to 50 kWe). The purpose is to complement the PV with a reliable storage system that cancompensate the produc tivity/load mismatch, aiming at off-grid operation. The proposed TEES applies sensible heat storage, using insulated warm-water reservoirs at 120/160 °C, and cold storage at −10/−20 °C (water and ethylene glycol). The power cycle is a trans-critical CO2 unit including recuperation; in the storage mode, a supercritical heat pump restores heat to the hot reservoir, while a cooling cycle cools the cold reservoir; both the heat pump and cooling cycle operate on photovoltaic (PV) energy, and benefit from solar heat integration at low–medium temperatures (80–120 °C). This allows the achievement of a marginal round-trip efficiency (electric-to-electric) in the range of 50% (not considering solar heat integration).The TEES system is analysed with different resource conditions and parameters settings (hot storage temperature, pressure levels for all cycles, ambient temperature, etc.), making reference to standard days of each month of the year; exergy and exergo-economic analyses are performed to identify the critical items in the complete system and the cost of stored electricity.
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Gabrielsson, Erik. "Seasonal Storage of Thermal Energy—Swedish Experience." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268258.
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Sweden reacted to the oil crises of the 1970s by initiating a comprehensive programme of research into, and development of, alternative energy sources. One of the problem areas in this connection is that of energy storage. This paper describes documented Swedish experience of seasonal thermal energy stores, concerned with such aspects as heat balances, heat losses, water sealing, stratification and temperature fields in heat stores and their surroundings. The paper concludes with mention of a number of design guidelines developed from Swedish R&D experience.
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Demchenko, V. G., S. S. Gron, and N. D. Pogorelova. "CONSTRUCTION CALCULATION OF MOBILE HEAT STORAGE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2019.5.
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Modern thermal power is built based on three components: generation, transmission, and distribution of thermal energy. In this industry, another fourth element which was previously virtually absent is energy storage. Energy storage completely change our usual heat supply system. Heat storage is a serious factor in saving energy and improving environmental safety. The introduction of autonomous high and low potential heat storage systems is a real opportunity for the development of Intelligence Smart Grid heating systems. Therefore, the study of mobile heat storage batteries and the choice of methods for their design calculation and performance is an important task of modern science and technology. For this purpose, a study was conducted to determine the charging and discharge time of a mobile heat accumulator, depending on the type, volume, and temperature of the heat storage material. Types of thermal energy accumulation, classes of thermal accumulators, range of operating temperatures for a thermal accumulator were analyzed, design features of accumulators, operating time and methods of calculation of design parameters were considered. It is concluded that the method of calculation of MTA depends on the selected type of heat storage material. Although, phase transition materials have a higher heat storage density than liquid solutions, the design of liquid thermal batteries is much more attractive regarding technological, technical, and economic parameters. As a result of the study, the dependence of the MTA charging rate on the heat source power was obtained, the required amount of heat was determined, the average battery cooling time from the volume of the heat storage material, and the heat losses through the MTA body was analyzed. The results obtained must be taken into account when choosing the design and capacity of the battery.
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Kostowski, Wojciech, and Janusz Skorek. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of heat storage application in co-generation systems." International Journal of Energy Research 29, no. 2 (2005): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1052.
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Li, Jun, Lun Feng, Shengyuan Zhong, Tiantong Guo, and Guibing Chen. "Economic Analysis of Urban Phase-level Distributed Phase-change Heat Storage Stations." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 1086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.263.
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Talluri, Lorenzo, Giampaolo Manfrida, and Daniele Fiaschi. "Thermoelectric energy storage with geothermal heat integration – Exergy and exergo-economic analysis." Energy Conversion and Management 199 (November 2019): 111883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111883.
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Rulev, Alexander, and Gleb Rulev. "Ecological and Economic Aspects of Land Desertification." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 3 (December 2019): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2019.3.14.
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Agricultural lands of the Russian Federation are intensively subjected to degradation and desertification as a result of irrational economic activity, which, against the background of unfavorable climatic factors, led to the destruction of natural ecosystems, degradation of the soil cover and ultimately to the creation of the unfavorable ecological environment. About 65 % of 130 million hectares of arable land, are exposed to water and wind erosion. Only by water erosion, 10 % of arable land lost 30–60 % of fertility and almost 25 % lost 10–30 %. As a result of deflation 25million hectares of agricultural land in the European part of the Russian Federation are degraded to varying degrees. The concept of the anti-degradation arrangement proposes to use environmental-economic geoinformational monitoring. Within the framework of this approach, the development of cartographic and mathematical models in three time environments is proposed: pre-agricultural, modern degraded, and certainly improved condition. The ecological and economic analysis makes it possible to synthesize information flows and analyze the most important degradation processes. The most important tool for implementing ther adaptive-landscape anti-degradation arrangement of agricultural landscapes is precision farming, which consists of several subsystems: decision-making, monitoring, agronomic techniques, specialized equipment, etc. Computer technologies and telecommunications allow to speed up and optimize production by combining technology and people, which helps reduce costs. Precision agriculture is impossible without using modern advances in collecting, processing and storage of various, often heterogeneous, agricultural information.
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Stempnakowski, Zbigniew, and Piotr Nikończuk. "Economic aspects in the design process of heat recovery installations - case study." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.063.
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The paper presents a proposal of economic aspects application in the process of optimizing the construction of heat recovery unit. The proposed model includes the cost of heat exchanger installation and the predicted economic benefits during the operation of the device. The predicted benefits include an increase of energy efficiency resulting from the number of modules of heat recovery unit, decrease unit efficiency during operation, the cost of heat production, average temperatures in the geographical location and working time. A case study was carried out on the example of a spray booth.
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Pfleger, Nicole, Thomas Bauer, Claudia Martin, Markus Eck, and Antje Wörner. "Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (July 9, 2015): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.154.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) is capable to reduce the demand of conventional energy sources for two reasons: First, they prevent the mismatch between the energy supply and the power demand when generating electricity from renewable energy sources. Second, utilization of waste heat in industrial processes by thermal energy storage reduces the final energy consumption. This review focuses mainly on material aspects of alkali nitrate salts. They include thermal properties, thermal decomposition processes as well as a new method to develop optimized salt systems.
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Dincer, Ibrahim, and Marc A. Rosen. "Energetic, environmental and economic aspects of thermal energy storage systems for cooling capacity." Applied Thermal Engineering 21, no. 11 (August 2001): 1105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(00)00102-2.
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Zhiznin, S. Z., and V. M. Timokhov. "Geopolitical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Energy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-64-73.
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Nuclear power in its present form was created during the Cold War and is its heritage. The main objective of nuclear energy at that time, along with energy, was the creation and accumulation of nuclear materials. To this aim a existing nuclear power plants based on uranium-plutonium cycle. Everything else - the processing of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, storage, recycling themselves nuclear power plant after its end of life, the risks of proliferation of nuclear materials and other environmental issues - minor. It was also believed that the nuclear power plant - the most reliable and safe plant. During the last twenty years all over the world the number of new orders for nuclear aggregates has decreased. That happens for a number of reasons, including public resistance, that the construction of new NPP and the excess of energy utilities in many markets, which is mainly connected with high market competition in energy markets and low economic indicators of the current nuclear utilities. The technology that consists of low capital costs, a possibility for quick construction and guarantied exploitation quality is on the winners side, but currently this technology is absent. However, despite abovementioned downsides, as the experience of state corporation "Rosatom"has shown, many developing countries of the South-east Asia, The middle East, African regions express high interest in the development of nuclear energy in their countries. The decision whether to develop nuclear energy or to continue to develop is, in the end, up to the choice of the tasks that a country faces. The article describes these "minor" issues, as well as geopolitical and economic problems of the further development of nuclear energy.
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Fathey Fayek Tadros, Amgad. "Environmental aspects of petroleum storage in above ground tank." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601006.
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Oil pollution is a severing global environmental problem causing a number of adverse negative impacts on human health air ecosystem and eventually the natural income that is why soil, water, air pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons have become the focus of increasing public and research concern petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the air environment are caused by human activities when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) fractions of petroleum are readily evolved to air during refinery and choosing the wrong storage tanks also leak to the soil change the chemical composition of spilled toxicity and biological impacts of the oil and add great difficulties to the identification of the residual spilled oil in the impacted environment and economic cost of air pollution in illness, health care costs, lost productivity so coordination between humans to conserves natural resources for future generation.
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Nurullayev, V. Kh, Kh G. Ismayilova, and L. M. Shikhiyeva. "Ecological aspects of storage and transportation of diesel fuels." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2021-1-49-54.
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The paper presents up-to-date and perspective requirements for the quality of diesel fuels. The effect of chemical, as well as fractional composition on the quality of diesel fuels is marked. The capability of obtaining prospective ecologically friendly diesel fuel based on the mixture of Azerbaijani oils via hydro-treatment in the presence of the catalyst of alumonickelmolibdene is noted. Ecologically friendly diesel fuels with ASTMD 4294 by sulfur - 0.039 % mass, ASTMD 3227 by sour sulfur - 0.006 % mass, ASTMD 5708 by metals: V ˃ 2 mg/kg, Ni ˃ 1 mg/kg, Fe ˃ 3 mg/kg, Na ˃ 8 mg/kg, as well as with the freezing temperature of ASTMD 97 – 50 оС have been obtained. Such kinds of diesel fuel meet EN standards and provide environmental safety in storage and transportation to the European countries. The prospect of obtaining and using buffer plug (mixture of petroleum products) during consistent pumping of various sorts of oil products without ecologic-economic risks of jet fuels is shown as well.
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Abdul-Razzak, H. A., and R. W. Porter. "Thermoeconomic Optimization of Sensible Heat Thermal Storage for Cogenerated Waste-to-Energy Recovery." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815472.
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This paper investigates the feasibility of employing thermal storage for cogenerated waste-to-energy recovery such as using mass-burning water-wall incinerators and topping steam turbines. Sensible thermal storage is considered in rectangular cross-sectioned channels through which is passed unused process steam at 1307 kPa/250°C (175 psig/482°F) during the storage period and feedwater at 1307 kPa/102°C (175 psig/216°F) during the recovery period. In determining the optimum storage configuration, it is found that the economic feasibility is a function of mass and specific heat of the material and surface area of the channel as well as cost of material and fabrication. Economic considerations included typical cash flows of capital charges, energy revenues, operation and maintenance, and income taxes. Cast concrete is determined to be a potentially attractive storage medium.
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Böhm, Hans, and Johannes Lindorfer. "Techno-economic assessment of seasonal heat storage in district heating with thermochemical materials." Energy 179 (July 2019): 1246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.177.
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Duquesne, M., C. Mailhé, K. Ruiz-Onofre, and F. Achchaq. "Biosourced organic materials for latent heat storage: An economic and eco-friendly alternative." Energy 188 (December 2019): 116067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116067.
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Matuszewska, Dominika, Marta Kuta, and Piotr Olczak. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Mobilized Thermal Energy Storage System Using Geothermal Source in Polish Conditions." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133404.
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The paper considers technical and economic possibilities to provide geothermal heat to individual recipients using a mobile thermal storage system (M-TES) in Polish conditions. The heat availability, temperature and heat cost influence the choice of location—Bańska Niżna, near Zakopane in the southern part of the Poland. The indirect contact energy storage container was selected with phase change material characterized by a melting temperature of 70 °C and a heat storage capacity of 250 kJ/kg, in the amount of 800 kg. The economic profitability of the M-TES system (with a price per warehouse of 6000 EUR, i.e., a total of 12,000 EUR—two containers are needed) can be achieved for a heat demand of 5000 kWh/year with the price of a replaced heat source at the level of 0.21 EUR/kWh and a distance between the charging station and building (heat recipient) of 0.5 km. For the heat demand of 15,000 kWh/year, the price for the replaced heat reached EUR 0.11/kWh, and the same distance. In turn, for a demand of 25,000 kWh/year, the price of the replaced heat source reached 0.085 EUR/kWh. The distance significantly affected the economic profitability of the M-TES system—for the analyzed case, a distance around 3–4 km from the heat source should be considered.
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Tamme, Rainer, Doerte Laing, and Wolf-Dieter Steinmann. "Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Parabolic Trough." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1687404.
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The availability of storage capacity plays an important role for the economic success of solar thermal power plants. For today’s parabolic trough power plants, sensible heat storage systems with operation temperatures between 300°C and 390°C can be used. A solid media sensible heat storage system is developed and will be tested in a parabolic trough test loop at PSA, Spain. A simulation tool for the analysis of the transient performance of solid media sensible heat storage systems has been implemented. The computed results show the influence of various parameters describing the storage system. While the effects of the storage material properties are limited, the selected geometry of the storage system is important. The evaluation of a storage system demands the analysis of the complete power plant and not only of the storage unit. Then the capacity of the system is defined by the electric work produced by the power plant during a discharge process of the storage unit. The choice of the operation strategy for the storage system proves to be essential for the economic optimization.
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Qiu, Yu, Xi Luo, Qiong Fen Yu, Yong Feng Xu, Cong Bin Leng, and Ming Li. "Analysis of New Heat Exchanger Performance in Phase Change Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.638.
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Based on traditional shell-and-tubeheat exchanger, a new heat exchanger which applies to phase change thermal storage was proposed. The thermal storage process of new heat exchanger and shell-and-tube heat exchanger which use paraffin as phase change material and use water as heat-transfer fluid can be simulated by CFD software, respectively. The changes of liquid fraction and heat flux density along with time have been got by computer stimulation. It can be found that maximum heat flux of the new heat exchanger heating wall is 2.5 times than shell-and-tube heat exchanger, melting time of the new heat exchanger is 5 times than shell-and-tube heat exchanger. From the two aspects, the heat storage effect of new heat exchanger is better than conventional concentric tube heat exchanger.