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1
Oleksandr, Klymchuk, Denysova Alla, Balasanian Gennadiy, and Ivanova Lidiia. "ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF USING ENERGY RESOURCES IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF BUILDINGS WITH VARIABLE OPERATION MODE." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001252.
Full textAbstract:
As a research result, characteristic indicators of the efficiency of using various heat sources in combined heat supply systems were determined. During the study, various schemes for integrating heat accumulators in heat supply systems were considered. Water was used as a battery, which also acts as a coolant. Mathematical modeling of processes in combined heat supply systems using intermittent heating is carried out. The characteristic operating modes of the elements of heat supply systems that take into account the operating modes of heat consumers are determined. Mathematical modeling was carried out using a software package that allows to obtain the distribution of heat power of the heat supply system by its main elements and its characteristic operation modes. According to the research results, a coefficient of thermal power reduction and a coefficient of efficiency of using the heat accumulator volume were proposed. These coefficients allow to evaluate the efficiency of heat sources and the efficiency of using the volume of the heat storage tank. Based on the obtained data, the task was set to optimize the daily load of the heat source, taking into account the installation of the storage tank. The research results can be used for the reconstruction of heat supply systems of buildings with a two-period operation mode (operation duty) using both traditional and renewable heat sources. This will significantly increase the efficiency of the use of elements of the heat supply system, even out the daily heat generation schedule and increase the service life of the main equipment
2
Bolonina, Alona, Genadijs Bolonins, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing District Heating Supply Temperature on Combined Heat and Power Plant Operation." Environmental and Climate Technologies 14, no. 1 (2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2014-0013.
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Abstract District heating systems are widely used to supply heat to different groups of heat consumers. The district heating system offers great opportunities for combined heat and power production. In this paper decreasing district heating supply temperature is analysed in the context of combined heat and power plant operation. A mathematical model of a CHP plant is developed using both empirical and theoretical equations. The model is used for analysis of modified CHP plant operation modes with reduced district heating supply temperature. Conclusions on the benefits of new operation modes are introduced.
3
Denysov, Viktor. "EFFICIENCY OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES APPLICATION FOR AN AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM." System Research in Energy 2023, no. 1 (2023): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.01.080.
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Description of the developed software and information complex for modeling autonomous heat supply systems provided, which allows optimizing the selection of units and their operation modes and ensuring the production and redistribution of thermal energy in accordance with the schedule of consumers. Optimized modes simulation operation of the autonomous heat supply system for a cottage village based on local energy resources with minimal use of external energy sources performed. The use of software and information complex made it possible to calculate the parameters that provide optimal coverage of the heat load schedule of a cottage settlement based on local energy resources. For the calculation, the predicted values of the installed thermal power of the units and the heat load graph which was obtained by adapting the real annual graph of the external temperature of Stockholm to the geographical location of the Kyiv region were used. The developed new software and information complex provide an opportunity for hourly modeling, research into the optimal modes of operation of heat units, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of renewable energy sources in autonomous heat supply systems. In the developed software and information complex, the model of optimization of operating modes is applied, which belongs to the class of problems of optimal loading of generating capacities of power systems with the criterion of minimizing costs for production, accumulation, and consumption of thermal energy. An example of simulation results using a heat load schedule for a selected typical day is presented. The obtained results indicate a decrease in the specific cost of hourly heat supply with an increase in the part of thermal energy supplied at the expense of renewable energy sources. This is due to a decrease in the share of gas, and in general, any other generation based on fossil fuel technologies, in the total volume of heat supply. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of renewable energy sources based on local energy resources as part of the heat supply system of the cottage village was confirmed. Keywords: autonomous heat supply, the efficiency of renewable energy sources based on local energy resources.
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Lutsenko, Alexandr, and Nikolay Novitsky. "Development and evolution of methods for optimizing the modes of heating networks." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020902018.
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Both in Russia and abroad, energy efficiency problems are relevant, while heat supply systems have significant energy saving reserves, which can be realized by organizing optimal operating modes. In practice, the task of planning modes of heat supply systems is solved by multivariate mode calculations, while the choice of methods for organizing the modes is assigned to the specialist performing the calculations, which does not guarantee the optimality of the obtained modes. Automation of solving these problems is complicated by a number of factors. For these reasons, there are no methods and software systems suitable for wide practical application. This determines the relevance of developing separate methods and programs for calculating optimal modes of heat supply systems. The subject of this article is the tasks and methods of optimizing operation modes of heat supply systems using several objective functions at the same time. The object of application is hydraulically inextricable heat supply systems. It is assumed that the temperature schedule on heat source is set, the heat losses in the networks are eliminated, and their residual value can be neglected. In this case, the task is to optimize the hydraulic mode.
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Luzhanska, G., M. Galatsan, M. Serheiev, S. Gryshchenko, and P. Kandieiev. "RESEARCH OF HEAT GENERATION AND CONSUMPTION MODES IN COMBINED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 1, no. 69 (2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.69.2024.05.
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Alternative energy currently has all the technical means that allow it to be considered a classic addition to traditional methods of energy production. Modern energy technologies require a more effective and reliable solution to the problem of energy supply based on the integrated use of various types of renewable energy sources, energy accumulators of various types, heat pumps, combined means of thermal modernization of buildings and alternative fuel energy backups. In modern heat supply systems using alternative energy sources, usually at least 2 heat sources are used - a renewable heat source and a traditional source as reserve and peak. The operation of gas, solid fuel, pellet and electric boilers, solar collectors, various types of heat pumps in the heat supply systems of buildings and civilian buildings is analyzed. The high-quality operation of the heat supply system is affected by various schemes of connecting consumers to heat generators. The specifics of the effective operation of the combined heat supply system are the coordination of various hydraulic “generator-consumer” modes. In practice, three approaches are used to coordinate the modes of operation of alternative heat supply systems with consumers: regulation of the power of the heat source, programming of heat consumption modes, introduction of heat accumulators. It is important to find out the conditions for the effective use of heat accumulators for intermittent heating mode, which can ensure a decrease in the thermal power of a heat generator operating in superheat mode. The operation of the pilot plant of the integrated system of alternative heat supply (ISAHS) was studied, the technical and economic indicators obtained for the heating period for three different types of heat generators: gas boiler, pellet boiler, heat pump were analyzed. An experimental study of the combined heat supply system for various heat supply facilities made it possible to establish that for public buildings, a rational way to increase their efficiency is the use of intermittent heating modes, a two-stage storage system, and coordination of structural and mode parameters of the main contours of the system. Keywords: combined heat supply system, boiler, solar collector, heat pump, heat accumulator
6
Komínek, Petr. "Heat Supply Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.139.
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Due to the energetic evaluation of buildings, the solutions for optimal heat supply are a problem of current interest. The topicality of this problem is underlined by the European Union requirements for reducing the energetic demands of buildings by the year 2020.From the operational point of view, most of the heating systems seem to be optimal; however, with the use of the results of this detailed analysis it is possible to make even further improvement. The objective is not to supply more heat energy than necessary in order to achieve energy saving. This reduction of heat supply can be achieved by the use of the heat accumulation potential of the building by means of appropriately chosen heating mode. By operation modes are meant a mode with constant heating and a mode with interrupted heating.In this sample case of non-stationary simulation during the interrupted heating regime it is possible to demonstrate the potential saving achieved by the chosen interrupted heating mode. The case study is conducted on a secondary school building. In this project, supported by the specific investigation project on the Faculty of Civil Engineering, I carried out an experiment of an interrupted mode, which was also supported by a theoretical part, in which a non-stationary calculation was used.This contribution suggests the possibility to save energy by optimization of the heat supply. It also presents the difference between a stationary and non-stationary solution to this problem.
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Penkovskii, Andrey, Oleg Khamisov, and Angelica Kravets. "Calculation of Nodal Prices for Heat Energy in Heat Supply Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 06020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020906020.
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The article is devoted to the calculation of nodal prices for heat energy in heat supply systems. The problem, mathematical model and method of calculating nodal prices of heat energy for all consumers of the heat supply system considered, taking into account the different cost of heat production by sources, optimal flow distribution, and placement of consumers in the heat network (distance from the source). As the main computational tool for calculating nodal prices for heat energy, the Lagrange multiplier method used in the problem of modes optimizing in heat supply system, which allows explaining in detail the formation of the price for heat energy in each node. With the help of the proposed methodological support, practical research has been carried out for real heat supply system.
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Filimonova, Aleksandra A., Tatyana A. Barbasova, Dmitry A. Shnayder, and Aleksandr A. Basalaev. "Heat Supply Modes Optimization Based on Macromodeling Technology." Energy Procedia 111 (March 2017): 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.233.
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Oleksandr, Klymchuk, Denysova Alla, Balasanian Gennadiy, Aldin Alhemiri Saad, and Borysenko Krystyna. "IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF INTERMITTENT HEAT SUPPLY FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00557.
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A review of the current world state of application of various heat supply regimes for public buildings is conducted. The efficiency analysis of the use of various renewable energy sources in combined heat supply systems is analyzed. An integrated heat supply system with successive heating of the coolant from low-potential renewable sources of heat (solar system) to high-temperature traditional heat sources (gas and pellet boilers) is developed. A mathematical model of the integrated heat supply system using renewable sources of heat is proposed. This model can be used to simulate the processes of heating rooms in the intermittent heat supply mode. The dynamics of heating of premises with various heating devices: with natural convection (radiator) and forced convection (fan coils) is carried out. During the heating season (2016–2017), the operation modes of integrated systems of alternative intermittent heat supply (ISAIHS) are studied. These studies are extremely relevant for solving the issues of rational use of energy resources. The proposed solutions show that the most effective use of renewable sources of heat can be only in an integrated approach to solving this issue. Also it should be noted the interaction of ISAIHS components: the heat source – the heating system – the characteristics of the building – the operating modes of the premises. As a result of the research, the boundaries of the effective use of various heat generators in ISAHS are established. The influence of the type of heating devices and insulation of internal walls on the effectiveness of ISAIHS operation is revealed. The full-scale tests of a pilot installation of an integrated heat supply system are carried out. The obtained results will help to use heat sources more efficiently with a two-period operation regime for new houses. This can be used to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings.
10
Aleksahin, A., A. Boblovskii, K. Miahkokhlib, and Y. Schactnyi. "INDICATORS THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC MODES OF DISTRIBUTION HEAT NETWORKS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 163 (2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-7-11.
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The task of heat supply systems is to ensure the quality of services at a minimum cost in the production and transportation of thermal energy. Because the distribution heat networks of district and district systems are characterized by significant branching and significantly longer lengths of heat pipelines compared to the main sections of heating networks, reducing heat loss in these elements of the heating system significantly affects the overall efficiency of district heating. The amount of heat loss depends on the method of laying networks and the diameter of heat pipes, thermal insulation parameters and temperature of the coolant and the environment. Based on the formulas for determining the specific pressure losses to overcome the friction forces obtained from the generalization of these projects of central heating systems of a number of residential districts of Kharkiv, calculated dependences for determining heat losses by supply and return pipelines of the main branches of the heating network. Estimates of accuracy of use of the offered formulas are carried out. The aim of the work is to determine the specific pressure losses for the main branches of heating distribution networks on the basis of generalization of design data for heat supply systems of building groups and clarification of formulas for calculating heat losses by pipelines of central heating distribution system. Based on the generalization of projects for the heating network of residential neighborhoods in Kharkiv, a formula for calculating the specific pressure loss during water movement in the pipelines of the main branches of the heating network depending on the heat load of buildings connected to the branch. Formulas for calculation of heat losses by supply and return pipelines of the main branches of a heating network of the residential district are offered. A comparison of the accuracy of calculations using the proposed formulas with existing methods for determining heat loss in branched heat supply networks, which showed the possibility of using formulas in preliminary assessments of the thermal state of networks.
11
Denysov, Viktor. "Software and information complex for district heat supply systems modeling." System Research in Energy 2022, no. 1 (2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2022.01.038.
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Software and information complex for modeling of the heat supply systems functioning, which allows ensuring the optimal selection of aggregates and their operation modes. It will ensure the production and redistribution of energy in accordance with the schedule of consumers. Simulation of optimized operating modes of a self-sufficient heat supply system for a cottage village based on local energy resources and with minimal use of external energy sources was performed. The use of the software and information complex made it possible to calculate the parameters that provide optimized coverage of the heat load schedule of the cottage village based on local energy resources. The simulation performed using the example of the predicted values of the installed thermal capacity of the power units and the actual ambient temperature schedule. The developed new software and information complex provides an opportunity for hourly simulation and research of optimal modes of operation of heat units of autonomous heat supply systems. In the developed software and information complex, a model of optimization of operating modes is applied, which belongs to the class of problems of optimal loading of generating capacities of power systems with the criterion of minimizing costs for production, accumulation and consumption of heat and electricity. An example of simulation results using the heat load schedule for the selected day of March 20, 2018 is given. The obtained results indicate a decrease in the specific cost of hourly heat supply with an increase in the part of thermal energy supplied at the expense of renewable energy sources, and accordingly, a decrease in the part of gas, and in the general case of any other generation based on fossil fuel technologies, in the total volume of heat supply. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of renewable energy sources based on local energy resources as part of the heat supply system of the cottage village confirmed. Keywords: autonomous heat supply, efficiency of renewable energy sources based on local energy resources
12
Prokofieva, H. Ya, H. H. Bereziuk, V. V. Tkachova, L. V. Solod, and O. V. Adehov. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE AUTONOMOUS HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH TUBULAR GAS HEATERS IN BUILDING STRUCTURES WHEN OPERATING IN THE CONDENSATION MODE." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (020) (June 3, 2024): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.260324.64.1044.
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Problem statement. The application of modern autonomous heat supply systems is one of the directions of reducing the consumption of natural energy resources. There are many different autonomous systems of heat supply of objects. One of the variants of such systems is the system with tubе gas heaters. A tube gas heater consists of a gas burner, a radiating tube and a fan. One of the technical solutions for such heat supply systems is a tubular heater located inside the building structure. Increase of the efficiency of gas equipment can be achieved by operating this equipment in the condensation mode. Therefore, the operation of tubular gas heaters in building structures in the condensation mode is quite interesting in terms of increasing the efficiency of utilisation of the thermal potential of gaseous fuel and ensuring its saving. For research and practical design of autonomous heat supply systems with gas tube heaters in building structures with regard to the condensation mode of operation it is essential to develop a mathematical model for calculating the thermal and hydraulic modes of the system. The purpose of the article is to develop a mathematical model of an autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode. Conclusion. The mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode was developed. It is presented in the form of differential equations. The model is based on the equations of conservation of mass, motion and energy for the gas-air mixture inside the canal in two-phase flow, the equation of heat transfer inside the building structure, the equation of heat transfer from the external surface of the heater to the environment. The mathematical model of hydraulic and thermal modes of autonomous heat supply system with tubular gas heaters in building structures when operating in the condensation mode will be used to calculate and design such systems.
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Klymchuk, Oleksandr, Alla Denysova, Gennadiy Balasanian, and Lidiia Ivanova. "ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF USING ENERGY RESOURCES IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF BUILDINGS WITH VARIABLE OPERATION MODE." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 3 (May 11, 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001252.
Full textAbstract:
As a research result, characteristic indicators of the efficiency of using various heat sources in combined heat supply systems were determined. During the study, various schemes for integrating heat accumulators in heat supply systems were considered. Water was used as a battery, which also acts as a coolant. Mathematical modeling of processes in combined heat supply systems using intermittent heating is carried out. The characteristic operating modes of the elements of heat supply systems that take into account the operating modes of heat consumers are determined. Mathematical modeling was carried out using a software package that allows to obtain the distribution of heat power of the heat supply system by its main elements and its characteristic operation modes. According to the research results, a coefficient of thermal power reduction and a coefficient of efficiency of using the heat accumulator volume were proposed. These coefficients allow to evaluate the efficiency of heat sources and the efficiency of using the volume of the heat storage tank. Based on the obtained data, the task was set to optimize the daily load of the heat source, taking into account the installation of the storage tank. The research results can be used for the reconstruction of heat supply systems of buildings with a two-period operation mode (operation duty) using both traditional and renewable heat sources. This will significantly increase the efficiency of the use of elements of the heat supply system, even out the daily heat generation schedule and increase the service life of the main equipment
14
Klymchuk, Oleksandr, Alla Denysova, Gennadiy Balasanian, Saad Aldin Alhemiri, and Krystyna Borysenko. "IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF INTERMITTENT HEAT SUPPLY FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 1 (January 31, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00557.
Full textAbstract:
A review of the current world state of application of various heat supply regimes for public buildings is conducted. The efficiency analysis of the use of various renewable energy sources in combined heat supply systems is analyzed. An integrated heat supply system with successive heating of the coolant from low-potential renewable sources of heat (solar system) to high-temperature traditional heat sources (gas and pellet boilers) is developed. A mathematical model of the integrated heat supply system using renewable sources of heat is proposed. This model can be used to simulate the processes of heating rooms in the intermittent heat supply mode. The dynamics of heating of premises with various heating devices: with natural convection (radiator) and forced convection (fan coils) is carried out. During the heating season (2016–2017), the operation modes of integrated systems of alternative intermittent heat supply (ISAIHS) are studied. These studies are extremely relevant for solving the issues of rational use of energy resources. The proposed solutions show that the most effective use of renewable sources of heat can be only in an integrated approach to solving this issue. Also it should be noted the interaction of ISAIHS components: the heat source – the heating system – the characteristics of the building – the operating modes of the premises. As a result of the research, the boundaries of the effective use of various heat generators in ISAHS are established. The influence of the type of heating devices and insulation of internal walls on the effectiveness of ISAIHS operation is revealed. The full-scale tests of a pilot installation of an integrated heat supply system are carried out. The obtained results will help to use heat sources more efficiently with a two-period operation regime for new houses. This can be used to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings.
15
Riepin, Y., and M. Serheiev. "INTEGRATION OF HEAT PUMPS WITH HEAT EXTRACTION FROM THE SOIL AND AIR INTO BUILDING HEATING SYSTEMS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 70 (2024): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.70.2024.10.
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The paper reviews the current state of heat supply systems for residential and public buildings. The need to use alternative energy sources for heat supply in residential and public buildings is shown. Various heat pump systems and heat sources are analyzed. The most common heat sources for heat supply systems using heat pumps are identified, namely the soil and outside air. For heat pump systems with heat extraction from the soil, various approaches to heat extraction are analyzed. The advantages and problems of using heat pump systems with heat extraction from the outside air and soil are characterized. It is shown that energy saving measures require an integrated approach. The use of heat pump systems in combined heat supply systems should be addressed together with the issues of thermal operating modes of buildings. It is proven that in order to improve the process of implementing heat pump systems, it is necessary to increase their profitability by increasing the share of replacing traditional energy resources with renewable energy sources. To study the efficiency of heat pumps with different types of heat sources, the paper presents a mathematical model of the operation of a heat pump with heat extraction from the outside air and the soil. For buildings with similar technical data, a study of the operation of combined heat supply systems using heat pumps with heat extraction from the outside air and the soil throughout the year was conducted. Based on the data obtained, comparative graphs of heat pump operation were constructed, and an analysis of the efficiency of the operating modes of the main equipment was conducted. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn that show the zones of effective operation of heat pumps of different types. The results obtained allowed us to assess the efficiency of heat pump systems with different heat sources, and provide an opportunity for further research in the direction of developing recommendations for the use of heat pumps in combined heat supply systems. Keywords: heat pumps, combined heat supply systems, renewable energy sources
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Koroli, Mehriya, and Oybek Ishnazarov. "Mathematical modeling of a heat pump and its operation modes." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601165.
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The paper describes a mathematical model of the heat pump system of autonomous heat supply. Calculations of the temperature at the outlet of the pipeline and the heat pump are given; heat generation and heater condition.
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Liu, Xin Ping, Liang Tian, Qi Wang, and Hui Li. "Analysis on Model Nonlinearity for Control System of Heat Supply Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.363.
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With the rapid development of renewable energy power, the task of peak load regulation and frequency control for the power grid is very severe. Using the heat storage of the heat supply unit to take part in peak load regulation and frequency control is imperative. On the basis of the simplified nonlinear dynamic model of the typical heat supply unit, the model was linearized under different operation point conditions. The control performances of three typical coordinated control system modes were compared under the typical operation point conditions. The experiment results show that if the parameters of the controller are set well on any operation point, the control system of heat supply unit can adapt the normal variation of the load around the operation point, which can provide support for utilization of the heat storage of the heat supply unit.
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Rafalskaya, T. A., and V. Ya Rudyak. "Engineering method for calculating the operation modes of the heat supply station with the associated heat supply." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1683 (December 2020): 042016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1683/4/042016.
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Balasanian, G., O. Klymchuk, A. Semenii, Ye Babaiev, and L. Sachenko. "SIMULATION OF INTERMITTENT HEATING MODE OF THE EDUCATIONAL BUILDING." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 64 (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.64.2021.03.
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. The algorithm of operation of the heat supply system in the mode of intermittent heating which considers features of operation of the building is offered. The purpose of the work is to assess the effectiveness of the use of intermittent heating for the educational building of the thermal laboratory of the Odessa Polytechnic State University. Currently, a project is being implemented to disconnect heat supply from the University boiler room and transfer the building of the University's heating laboratory to autonomous heat supply based on a condensing wall-mounted gas boiler. The combined heating system with the use of different heating devices (radiators, fan coils, climate panel, “underfloor heating” system) allows to study the dynamics of heating the laboratory premises with different thermal insulation and shielding of external and internal walls. The factors of reduction of energy consumption in the mode of program heat supply are analyzed in the work. Modeling of modes of operation of the heat generator of the heat supply system operating in the mode of intermittent heating is executed. The mathematical model of dynamics of heating of air in rooms taking into account features of operating modes and various types of heating devices as a part of system of heat supply is offered. For different climatic conditions the mathematical modeling of operating modes of the heating system is carried out and indicators of efficiency of work of system are received. The potential of energy saving for administrative, educational, office buildings depending on the heat-accumulating properties of external and internal wall structures has been studied. The expediency of using the Pontryagin maximum principle to increase the efficiency of morning flooding of buildings with different ones has been confirmed. accumulation time constants.
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D.S., Elistratov. "EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF A HEAT-PUMP SYSTEM IN TRANSITIONAL MODES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 12 (2020): 64–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3604611.
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Heat-nosed technologies are widely available all over the world. In some countries, up to 70% of the need for thermal energy is provided by this technology. Heat pumps in heating and hot water systems operate on a specific cycle. The work cycle in-volves starting a heat pump, heating the coolant and stopping. The number and duration of cycles depend on the need for thermal energy. When starting and getting to work mode, the heat pump works in an unsteady mode. This article is dedicated to the study of this regime.
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Levtsev, A. P., and A. V. Yenivatov. "Autonomous power-supply source on diesel-generator base." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 9 (2013): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65693.
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It is proposed to use diesel-generator as autonomous power-supply sources (APS) at the expense of complete utilization of exhaust gases (EG) heat and heat extraction from heat engine cooling jacket. Functional diagram of APS with complete heat utilization, as well as results of comparable tests of APS operation in common and impulse modes are given.
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Rafalskaya, Tatyana. "Problems of energy efficiency of heat supply systems." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911407002.
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The main task of energy-efficient heat supply is to ensure full compliance between the produced and consumed thermal power, subject to a minimum of reduced costs. To achieve this goal, various methods of central and local regulation are applied. Analysis of the thermal schemes of some cities in Russia showed that most of the heat sources of centralized heat supply systems are not able to support the design hightemperature graphs with central regulation. Therefore, the area of centralized qualitative method of regulation of heat load has decreased substantially. A perspective direction for the further development of heat supply systems is to appeal to the experience of foreign countries, i.e. the use of qualitative-quantitative and quantitative methods of central regulation and low-temperature heat supply. There is also an acute problem of the complete use of heat by consumers, since overstating of the temperature of the return water substantially reduces the efficiency of heat sources. A new formula has been obtained which makes it possible to predict the temperature of the return network water in variable operating modes of heating points. The resulting formula can be used to set up programmable regulators and will allow correcting irrational modes of operation of heat supply systems.
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Rafalskaya, Tatyana. "Equations of temperature graphics of a heating point with a two-stage scheme of heat exchangers of hot water supply." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020802001.
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The temperature of the water returned to the heating network from consumers largely determines the energy efficiency of the heat supply system. It depends on a number of parameters: outside air temperature, hot water supply heaters connection scheme, daily water consumption in the hot water supply system. The calculation of this temperature is usually performed numerically, which makes it difficult to control the modes of the heat supply system. From a practical point of view, a simpler toolkit is needed. In this paper, equations are proposed that allow directly determining the change in the heat output of heat exchangers depending on the outside air temperature and the temperature of the network water returned to the heating network. These equations are obtained on the basis of systematic modeling of variable operating modes of the heat supply system, using the method previously proposed by the author. The operating characteristics of the heat station are taken into account by the coefficients of the equations, for the determination of which the calculation formulas were obtained. The equations used are valid for substations with a two-stage mixed scheme of hot water supply heaters in the mode of maximum water consumption.
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Beliuzhenko, Mykola, and Mykhailo Senchuk. "Reservation of the heat supply system with biofuel heat energy sources." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 48 (July 25, 2024): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2024.48.6-20.
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The implementation of the reservation of the heat supply system to a populated area was analyzed. It is noted that increasing the reliability of heat supply to consumers is a fundamental task, especially given the current military situation in Ukraine. The solution to this difficulty is considered when reserving heat supply by constructing a backup source of thermal energy using alternative types of fuel. A combined thermal scheme for connecting a hot water heat generator using biofuel to the existing city heat supply system is proposed to increase its reliability and survivability, which ensures the efficiency and reliability of operation of the heat supply system during the heating and summer periods. It is shown the possibility of operating a solid fuel heat generator with its power significantly less than the total heat load of the city's heating supply in several operating modes: during the heating period - for heating the return coolant at the inlet to the existing gas boiler house; in the summer period - for the needs of hot water supply in full; in the event of an emergency shutdown of a gas boiler house in winter - to maintain the viability of the heat supply system. The results of a calculation analysis of the operation of a 5,0 MW biofuel heat generator under different operating modes are presented. Heating the return coolant by 4...5 °C in winter, in addition to saving natural gas, prevents low-temperature corrosion of existing gas boilers. In the event of an emergency lack of natural gas supply, the combustion of wood chips ensures the production of thermal energy at the level of thermal losses of the heating network while maintaining the coolant temperature at least 3 °C at the calculated external air temperature. Thanks to the accumulation of thermal energy at night in the summer period in the volume of heating network pipes as a buffer tank, compensation for peak hot water consumption is provided with the available power of the solid fuel boiler house equal to the average load of the hot water supply system. When implementing a project to back up the heat supply system in Lutsk using a combined thermal scheme for connecting a solid fuel boiler house, an increase in the reliability and viability of the system and natural gas savings of 40,5% during a year of operation were achieved
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KOLDENKOVA, T. A., A. S. OVSYANNIKOVA, and I. A. KABANOVA. "RESOURCE SAVINGDURING OPERATION OF A BIVALENT HEATING SYSTEM." Actual Issues Of Energy 4, no. 1 (2022): 025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2022-4-1-25-31.
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One of the promising areas of energy supply of individual buildings, as well as within the framework of solving issues of energy supply and reducing the cost of hydrocarbon fuel is the use of heat pumps based on low-potential heat sources. In the presented work, the possibility of using air-water heat pumps in monovalent and bivalent modes of operation with various auxiliary sources is considered. Resource saving analysis is carried out on the following combined heat supply systems: heat pump-gas boiler and heat pump-electric boiler. The expediency of the resource-saving bivalent mode of operation of the combined heat supply system and its reliability are revealed.
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Ilin, E. T., S. P. Pechenkin, A. V. Svetushkov, and J. A. Kozlova. "Efficiency of two-stage heating of water on CHP plant with turbines of type T-250/300-240." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 12, no. 3 (2019): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2019-12-3-213-219.
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During non-heating and transition period, most of cogeneration turbines operate with a lower heat extraction section actuated only due to a number of restrictions on the maximum and minimum pressure levels in the upper and lower heat extraction sections at operation of the turbine. For turbines of model T-250/300-240, the minimum permissible level of steam pressure in the upper heat extraction section, according to manufacturer data, is set to 0.06 MPa. During the non-heating and transition period, the supply water temperature is usually set in the range of 70–75°С. In order to maintain that temperature of supply water, the steam pressure in the upper heat extraction section should be below the minimum permissible level. As a result, the turbine operates with only the low-pressure heat extraction section actuated, which ensures operation without restrictions, but with a lower efficiency. The authors have introduced a set of measures, which enable to avoid those restrictions and implement two-stage heating of supply water. In this case, on connection of the upper heating extraction section, the pressure in the same is maintained at the minimum permissible level. Heat output characteristics are provided by having some of supply water delivered bypassing the group of network heaters. This operational mode enables to increase the turbine actual heat drop, to reduce the cooling steam flow into the low-pressure section and, accordingly, into the condenser, and to reduce temperature drops in network water heaters. Results of the research of operational modes for turbines of type T-250/300-240 in the non-heating and transition period with one and two-stage heating are provided. The economic efficiency of proposed operational modes was researched, which shows the effectiveness of those modes during non-heating and transition period. The limits of the efficiency of using these modes are determined.
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Igor, Kozlov, Kovalchuk Vyacheslav, Klymchuk Oleksandr, Sova Katerina, Aksyonova Inna, and Borysenko Krystyna. "Improvement of methods of comprehensive assessment of the operation efficiency of centralized heat supply systems in municipal heat power engineering." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 8 (110) (2021): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.230218.
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The possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of the operation of a district heating system based on the indicator of the overall efficiency of the equipment OEE (overall equipment efficiency) and its extension to the system as a whole is considered. The disunity of the direction of existing approaches in assessing the efficiency of operation of district heating systems does not allow a comprehensive assessment of the overall efficiency of the functioning of the technological sequence of the entire system. It is proposed to consider efficiency as the probability of full functioning of all elements of the heat supply system. It is shown that the heat output of the boiler house is proportional to the power consumption of the boiler house and is approximated by a periodic function. It is shown that the main element of the heat supply system, which determines its efficiency, is the heat-generating source. As a result of the study, it is determined that the efficiency of the heat-generating source functioning increases as the maximum value of its efficiency is reached. Numerical modeling has shown that the flexible use of the installed heat generator capacity contributes to an increase in the efficiency factor from 0.53 to 0.70 and the overall efficiency of the heat supply system can be increased by more than 30 %. When designing a boiler house, it was recommended to provide for the installation of capacities with gradation 1; 0.5; 0.25. It is shown that the OEE indicator allows one to characterize the efficiency of both the heat supply system as a whole and its individual components, and can be used in the design and analysis of the operation of systems
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Tikhomirov, A. L., and A. P. Pirozhnikova. "Development of an Information Model of a Heat Supply System at Various Stages of the Life Cycle." Modern Trends in Construction, Urban and Territorial Planning 1, no. 3 (2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2949-1835-2022-1-3-35-42.
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Introduction. Data on elements of heat supply systems of the Russian Federation (heat sources, heating networks) are given as well as the main energy characteristics. The main problems in the industry are indicated. It is concluded that it is necessary to optimize the operation of heat supply systems in all its links and at all stages of the life cycle.Materials and Methods. For optimal control of thermal power systems, the authors consider it expedient to create a digital information model of each element of the system at each stage of the life cycle, including: - three-dimensional engineering digital terrain model; - three-dimensional engineering digital model of heating networks, taking into account adjacent communications and structures;- operational digital model of the heat supply system on the platform of the geoinformation software complex Zulu21. The technology of data exchange in IFC format between software complexes is given. The necessity of verification of the operational model using the data of field measurements on the physical model of the heat supply system is indicated.Results. The creation of a digital information 6D model of the heat supply system allows you to move to a higher level: intelligent dynamic control of a complex energy system (neurocontrol). The SCADA software package in online mode collects the necessary information (temperature, pressure, coolant flow) from sensors installed at characteristic points of the system. All information is transmitted to Zulu, a software package with built-in support for OPC technology to receive data from a SCADA system. The received data is fed into the ZuluGis software package, which includes the ZuluThermo module, with a loaded digital information model of the heat supply system. The actual thermal and hydraulic modes of the system are calculated in the module. Data on the optimal and actual thermal-hydraulic modes are transmitted to the neurofeedback unit for comparison and management decisionmaking. The decision is transmitted to the appropriate controller to initialize actions to change a parameter.Discussion and Conclusions. A technology for developing a digital information model for elements of a heat supply system at all stages of its life cycle is proposed. The creation of a digital information 6D model of the heat supply system allows you to move to a higher level: intelligent dynamic control of a complex energy system (neurocontrol). The use of intelligent control makes it possible to improve the quality of decisions made, significantly increase the energy efficiency of heat supply systems and the quality of services provided to the end user.
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Klimov, R., and A. Morozovskaya. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 39 (2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.39.2021.11.
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The consumption of energy resources in the world states is constantly growing from year to year. The production of fossil fuels is also increasing, but for various reasons it cannot fully cover the required amount from consumers. One of the most important consumption sectors is heat loads from heating, ventilation and hot water supply of industrial and residential buildings. To cover the thermal loads of heating and hot water supply, the necessary heat carrier is water heated to a certain temperature. The most promising from the point of view of heating water for hot water supply are solar collectors. Hot water for heating needs to be reheated practically throughout the entire heating period. The introduction of heat pumps is promising. When using solar collectors, the heating agent can be reheated in heat pumps.
 The aim of the study is to develop such a combined heat supply system that uses more renewable energy and as a peak source a fossil fuel boiler (electric energy), as well as a method for calculating this system to determine the optimal composition of equipment and rational modes of its operation.
 The methodology for calculating heat supply systems combining solar collectors, heat pumps and fossil fuel boilers is presented. The problem of load distribution between the main elements of the combined heat supply system should take into account the probabilistic component. This is due to the fact that with a changing real mode of operation, different thermal load of the equipment can be optimal. This is primarily influenced by the variable heat inputs from solar collectors during the day. According to the above method, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the heat supply system for different operating modes, at which the minimum consumption of fossil fuel will be ensured.
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Zafatayeu, V. A., and T. I. Karaliova. "Recuperative Heat Exchanger-Utilizer Thermodynamic Modes in Low Capacity Supply-and-Exhaust Ventilation Unit." Science & Technique 21, no. 4 (2022): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-4-297-313.
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The increase in the thermal protection level of the existing buildings enclosing structures, due to the need to comply with the current norms of building heat engineering requirements, leads to increasing in the part of heat losses in the thermal balance of a building due to infiltration and exhaust ventilation operation. After exhaustion of the possibilities for the implementation of technical measures to reduce energy costs by changing in volumetric planning solutions and insulating building envelopes further decreasing heat consumption level should be associated with the use of the secondary and renewable resources potential. The paper presents the results of assessing the technical and economic feasibility of using the exhaust air thermal potential for heating the supply air in the forced supply-and-exhaust ventilation system of a building taking as a low-capacity unit as an example. For a counterflow air-to-air recuperative type heat utilizer finned with ribbed heat pipes in the form of a plurality of continuous sheets, the influence of changes in the physical properties of the exhaust air during the phase transition of the water vapor contained in it into a liquid state on the heat exchanger-utilizer performance and characteristics of its efficiency has been established. The conditions of heat exchange are determined (without condensate, with condensate in the part of the heat exchanger-utilizer, with condensate in the entire heat exchanger-utilizer and with the risk of icing) in the supply air temperature range from (–26) to (+8) °C for three variants of its operation with a balance of the nominal amount of exhaust and supply air and with two variants of imbalance. Variants with imbalances have been investigated in order to find possible combinations of supply and exhaust air temperatures, at which there would be no phase transition of water vapor in the exhaust air flow to the liquid state in the entire volume of the heat utilizer, which would eliminate the need for measures to collect and remove condensate and preventing it from freezing.
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Bannikova, S. A. "Mathematical simulation of heat transfer in nonaccessible channels of heat supply system network." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.1.012-021.
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High values of standard heat losses in the heating networks of central heat supply systems indicate an opportunity to increase their energy efficiency. Сurrently available mathematical models of heat networks are described in the scientific studies of Polovnikov V.Yu., Kuznetsov G.V., Tarasevich E.I. But they do not solve the problem of assessing changes of the thermal networks state when energy-saving measures are used. The purpose of the study is to determine the permissible heat perception of the device collector for utilization of heat losses in the heating main channel. The study is based on the development and research of mathematical models of heat exchange processes in the heat supply network. A mathematical modeling method is chosen to search for acceptable operating modes of this device. The method can help to determine properly changes in the operation of the heat network. A descriptive mathematical model with distributed parameters based on differential equations with partial derivatives is used in modeling heat transfer processes in the heat network. The model is implemented using the finite element method. The authors propose a device for the utilization of heat losses in the heating channel. The authors have developed mathematical models of heat transfer processes in heat networks of underground trench laying in nonaccessible channels in a traditional design with the use of a heat-reflecting screen and combined action of the network and the device for the utilization of heat losses in the heat channel. Based on the comparison of the calculation results, the permissible heat perception value of the device collector for the utilization of heat losses has been determined. It equals to 90 % of the initial thermal losses. Mathematical models have been verified by comparing the results obtained and the experimental data with an error of less than 6 %. The developed mathematical models allow us to study the influence of heat perception of the device collector and the heat-reflecting screen on the operating mode of the heat network. It can be used to determine the geometric parameters of the collector of the device.
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Zvonareva, Julia, Yuri Vankov, and Irek Sabirov. "Influence of the temperature schedule of heating network and using differential pressure regulators on the reliability of heat supply systems." E3S Web of Conferences 584 (2024): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458401030.
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The methods of increasing reliability of heat supply systems are analyzed. A digital twin of the existing heat supply system has been created. Various modes operation of the system are modeled and control and decision-making system in the conditions operation of the heat network is considered on the example of one of heat supply systems of the Republic of Tatarstan. The indicators of reliability of heat supply to consumers at using these methods are determined. As a result of the application of control methods and increasing reliability of the thermal power systems, probability of failure-free operation and the coefficient of hydraulic stability of heat supply system were calculated, the influence of the temperature schedule and the use of differential pressure regulators (DPR) on the reliability of the system in general were analyzed. Special attention is paid to the hydraulic balancing of the heat supply system to increase her reliability.
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Malinovskyi, A. A., V. H. Turkovskyi, A. Z. Muzychak, and M. B. Sabat. "Generalized approach to modes analysis of modern heat supply systems." Scientific Bulletin of National Mining University 1 (2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2018-1/19.
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S. Dhina, GG. Reshikesh and M. Mohamed Jasir, Dr R. Suresh, Dr R. Anbazhagan,. "Experimental Analysis of Thermoelectric Generation using Different Modes." February 2023 9, no. 02 (2023): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0902036.
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The waste heat from energy company consumption sectors, when rejected into atmosphere, are useless and it contributes to global warming. Nowadays industrial activities and energy sectors (power stations, oil refineries, coke ovens, etc.) are the most energy consuming sectors worldwide and, consequently, the responsible for the release of large quantities of industrial waste heat to the environment by means of hot exhaust gases, cooling media and heat lost from hot equipment surfaces and heated products. Recovering and reusing these waste heats would provide an attractive opportunity for a low-carbon and less costly energy resource. Moreover, reducing the environmental impact. Thermoelectric generator is the one of the methods which helps to recover this waste heat, designing of thermoelectric generator was based on the range of temperature produced in industries and the objective is to generate optimum power with optimum material, COMSOL Multiphysics software is the tool, which has been used to get the simulation results. High manganese silicide (HMS) has been chosen according to the properties of waste heat from industries, the simulation results shows that thermoelectric generator can be a good way to recover waste heat from local industries and converted to useful power, for instance to supply small sensing electronic equipment in the plant
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Lutsenko, Alexander V., and Nikolay N. Novitsky. "Optimization of hydraulic modes of single-source tree-like heat networks." E3S Web of Conferences 102 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910203008.
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The article deals with the problem of optimizing the hydraulic modes of radial heat supply systems with a single heat source and pumping stations. The features of the problem under consideration are the presence of several target functions and a fixed flow distribution. The topology of the networks under consideration allows using the equivalent branching methods of branches connected in parallel and in series to reduce the design schemes to single equivalent branches. To solve this problem, the original method proposed by the authors earlier is adapted. The proposed method was tested on an aggregated scheme of a real heat supply system. Computational experiments have shown the performance and computational efficiency compared with the methods proposed earlier.
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Bogza, M., and D. Biryukov. "Development of a complex model of heat supply of a house based on a heat pump in the Simulink environment." System technologies 1, no. 156 (2025): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-1-156-2025-14.
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The article presents a dynamic model of a house heat supply system based on a heat pump unit (HPU) developed in the MATLAB Simulink environment using Simscape blocks to model thermal processes. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the need to reduce fos-sil fuel consumption, which has increased the demand for energy-efficient technologies and systems based on renewable energy sources. Optimizing such systems is critical in the context of global efforts to improve building energy efficiency. The model considers the structural features of the house, including the materials of the enclosing structures and their thermal characteristics. The dynamics of external factors such as ambient temperature and solar activity are also taken into account. Hourly weather and climate data for the city of Kyiv, used in the model, allow for the study of the operating modes of the heat supply system, taking into account external factors affecting the thermal regime of the building. Special attention is paid to the interaction between the heat pump unit model and the heating system and house models. The heat pump unit model is implemented based on an LSTM neural network, significantly reducing the time required for simulating the operation mode of the heat pump. The model allows for the investigation of dynamic operating modes and comparative analysis of different types of control systems (PID controller, model predic-tive control, etc.). The research demonstrates that using such algorithms optimizes the operation of the heat pump unit, reducing energy consumption without compromising indoor comfort. Fur-thermore, model validation was carried out by comparing simulation results with quasi-steady-state calculations according to national standards, confirming its sufficient accuracy. The results of the study can be used for the further development of control systems for building heat supply using heat pumps and for the exploration of different energy manage-ment strategies, particularly in the context of improving energy efficiency.
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Rafalskaya, T. A., A. R. Mansurov, and A. R. Mansurova. "INVESTIGATION OF VARIABLE MODES OF CENTRALIZED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS OPERATION WITH QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE REGULATION." Construction and Geotechnics 10, no. 2 (2019): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.2.07.
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The combined method of generating electric and heat energy at CHP plants has been and remains the most effective way of fuel saving both in housing and communal services and in industry. In Russia, historically, a qualitative method of regulation has been adopted, which consists in changing the temperature of the fluid depending on the change in the temperature of the outside air at a constant flow rate of the fluid. An analysis of the heat supply schemes of a number of Russian cities revealed that central quality regulation at heat sources has practically ceased everywhere. In modern methods of calculating the qualitative and quantitative regulation, the main load is heating, and the load of hot water is taken into account only by increasing the flow rate of network water and the variable modes of joint operation of heating and hot water systems are not calculated. Thus, at present, there are no methods for calculating the qualitative and quantitative regulation, allowing to fully taking into account the effect of the load of hot water on the operation of heating systems. Therefore, in modern conditions, the previously developed methods and technological methods of controlling the combined heat load are characterized by a decrease in efficiency, and, accordingly, the problem of their optimization arises. For different temperatures of outdoor air, the calculation of variable operating modes of the heat supply system was carried out, which showed that the existing schedules of qualitative and quantitative regulation cannot provide a comfortable temperature condition of the premises. Under the conditions of a connected supply of heat, simply adding up the flows of network water for heating and hot water supply fails to achieve optimal thermal conditions for the premises. Therefore, further improvement of the technology of the central qualitative and quantitative regulation of the heat load taking into account hot water supply is required.
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Tomilova, N. I., Yu M. Rybachuk, and V. N. Golovachyova. "DIGITAL MODELS OF STEADY MODES OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS BASED ON INVERSE CHARACTERISTICS." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 82, no. 4 (2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.129.
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Methods and algorithms of digital models for describing and solving the calculation of steady-state hydraulic regimes of heat supply systems, a modified nodal model for calculating the flow distribution,using the method of a new approach to forming a system of equations of nodal heads, in which not direct, but inverse characteristics of passive and active elements of the pipeline network are used. The result of the analysis of the numerical efficiency of the contour and nodal models based on the developed information-graphic system is presented.
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Rafalskaya, T. A., and V. Ya Rudyak. "Modeling of characteristics of heat exchangers of heat supply systems in variable operating modes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1565 (June 2020): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1565/1/012005.
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Novikov, Andrey A., Nikolay I. Grebenshchikov, and Denis V. Shilin. "Mathematical Model of Temperature Changes in Heating Media." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-67-72.
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Climate conditions on the territory of Russia require heating of residential, public and industrial buildings. The regional variety of temperature modes distinguishes it from most countries of the world. Heat supply in terms of primary fuel and energy resources consumption is the largest segment in the country’s energy supply. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the scale of heat supply: the volume of heat production, the development of heating, the length of heat networks, and fuel consumption for heat production. Development of modern, energy-efficient heat generating plants is required. Heat supply to agriculture in the Russian Federation lags behind the developed countries by 2-3 times. Various methods and equipment are being developed to reduce energy consumption in thermal processes. The most important task of developing and modernizing energy system and electrifying agriculture is to increase the energy efficiency of energy supply systems based on rational and reliable energy supply. A promising solution in the field of energy saving in agriculture is the use of heat pumps. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in creating a mathematical model of temperature changes in heat carriers. (Materials and methods) Authors used the Newton method for nonlinear systems of equations. The article presents the derivatives of the obtained functions of the system. (Results and discussion) The article presents the graph of the temperature distribution during heat transfer and a graph of changes in the temperature of heat carriers along the heat exchange surface. (Conclusions) The article presents a mathematical model suitable for studying the temperature distribution during heat transfer between two or more heat carriers, which can be recommended for engineering calculations. The convergence of the tangent method is achieved in no more than six iterations, regardless of the initial conditions; the accuracy of calculations is 0.1 percent. A static error is of 5-10 percent in mathematical modeling.
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Rotov, P. V., A. V. Gorshkov, and M. A. Rotova. "About expediency of changing the connection diagram of hot water supply units." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 26, no. 5 (2024): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2024-26-5-54-65.
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PURPOSE. The article is devoted to an urgent problem for domestic district heating. A widespread situation is considered when consumers from heat supply systems with a closed connection scheme for hot water supply plants are switched to an open heat supply system from a thermal power plant. METHODS. Study of operating modes of operating heat supply systems was performed. Data collection was carried out using an online system for monitoring and commercial accounting of energy resources. Methodology for calculation of compared mode parameters is proposed. RESULTS. Using the example of the existing heat supply system, it is shown that the effect of the measure to switch subscribers of uneconomical boiler houses to heat sources with combined heat and power generation is leveled by legislative restrictions on the development of open heat supply systems, as well as by the regulatory method for determining heat consumption in hot water supply systems. The main technical and economic indicators were selected for comparative analysis of the operation of the centralized heat supply system in conditions of complete switching of hot water supply plants according to an open circuit and in the presence of a certain number of hot water supply plants with a closed connection scheme. CONCLUSION. The period of inefficient operation of the centralized heat supply system was determined and the amount of annual economic damage was calculated, which made it possible to prove the need to bring all schemes for connecting hot water supply plants in one heat supply system to a single type.
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Yang, Jiuling, Jiepei Xu, Xiang Wu, and Haoliang Wang. "Smoldering Ignition and Transition to Flaming Combustion of Pine Needle Fuel Beds: Effects of Bulk Density and Heat Supply." Fire 7, no. 11 (2024): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7110383.
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The smoldering of pine needle fuel beds (PNBs) has been a common subject of research because of its importance in initiating the rekindling of forest floor fires. Experimental studies of the coupling effects of the bulk density and external heat supply on smoldering in PNBs have been scarce up to now. In this study, laboratory smoldering experiments were conducted to study the coupling effects of bulk density (30–55 kg m−3) and heat supply (ignition-off temperature Toff = 190 °C and 230 °C). Different ignition modes were observed under the same conditions, including non- ignition (NI), flaming ignition (FI), and the smoldering-to-flaming (StF) transition. The results in this study showed that the bulk density had distinct effects on different ignition modes: the increase in the bulk density facilitated the StF transition but impeded the FI. The coupling effects between the bulk density and heat supply became more intricate, especially at lower bulk densities and at a reduced heat supply. Additionally, a simple energy balance equation was established to explain the coupling effects of bulk density and heat supply on ignition behavior. The critical mass loss rate (MLR) for the StF transition ranged from 0.01 g s−1 to 0.03 g s−1, while the critical MLR for FI was 0.035 g s−1. The modified combustion efficiency (MCE) index for the StF transition decreased from approximately 79.6% to 70.1% as the density increased from 30 kg m−3 to 55 kg m−3. In contrast, the MCE for FI was approximately 90% across all the bulk densities. The StF transition delay time increased from 50 s at 30 kg m−3 to 1296 s at 55 kg m−3 when Toff = 230 °C. Further reduction in heat supply led to an increase in the delay time for the StF transition by diminishing the intensity of smoldering combustion. This work advances the fundamental understanding of how heat supply and bulk density impact smoldering ignition modes, ultimately aiding in the development of wildfire prevention strategies.
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Huang, Tao, Liangqiang Cao, Yahui Wu, Yan Yan, Wenzhe Wang, and Kai Yuan. "Research on heat dissipation optimization of servers in a computer room under different air supply modes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2835, no. 1 (2024): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2835/1/012085.
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Abstract The computational fluid dynamics method is used to study the internal heat dissipation of the original computer room, analyze the reasons for unreasonable temperature distribution, and optimization is adopted. According to the optimized computer room, the flow field and temperature field of two air supply modes are studied, and the results under different inlet air temperatures and flow rates are compared. The results show that the local temperature on both sides of the original computer room is too high, which is because the center of the server on both sides is not effectively ventilated and dissipated. The heat dissipation effect is optimized by adding the upper and lower air vents on both sides of the room, respectively. The calculation shows that the optimization effect is obvious. The top-to-bottom air supply mode and bottom-to-top air supply mode can have a good effect on the heat dissipation of the computer room, but the top-to-bottom air supply mode has a better effect on the heat dissipation of the computer room. Considering factors such as energy saving and cooling effect, it is recommended to choose 44000 m3/h of air intake volume under the top-to-bottom air supply mode.
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Zhu, Chao, Peng Shi, Tuo Zhang, et al. "Performance assessment of deep borehole heat exchanger heating system under different heating modes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2838, no. 1 (2024): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2838/1/012036.
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Abstract With the transition towards renewable energy sources, particularly as we move away from fossil fuels, there has been a constant evolution of deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) coupled heat pump heating technology. On the basis of the heat-exchanging properties of circulating fluid in the DBHE heating system, this paper clarifies the setup forms of this system, and elucidates the influence of heat extraction performance. After analysis and research, it can be concluded that the direct supply mode shows a more prominent decline in water temperature compared to the coupled heat pump and coupled plate heat exchanger modes. The imported and exported water temperatures when heating ends were recorded as 9.98°C and 16°C, respectively. The imported and exported water temperatures for both the direct supply and the coupled plate heat exchanger modes tend to be similar at 19.6°C and 25.5°C at a temperature of 7°C. Heat pump not only enhances the heat exchange features of ground source heat pump (GSHP) heating system, but also defines the configuration of heat extraction performance of DBHE. The system power consumption in the coupled plate heat exchanger mode is lower than that in the heat pump mode which is conducive to stable operation. Therefore, the best design form of the DBHE Heating System is the heat pump coupled plate exchange mode.
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Zhilina, Tatiana S., and Maria N. Pavlova. "STUDY OF THE OPERATION OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS." Architecture, Construction, Transport, no. 1(103) (April 12, 2023): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/2782-232x-2023-1-36-44.
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The article considers methods to improve the modes of operation of district heating systems in residential areas. The authors identify the problem of heat carrier heat supply to the final consumer and describe the main factors that influence the deviation of the design parameters of the heat carrier. The concept and example of the application of the heat supply scheme for residential developments is given. The paper demonstrates methods of regulating the heat carrier and their effect on the operation of the heating network. The authors give schematic diagrams with the peculiarities of each method operation in case of deviation of parameters of supply of quality heat carrier to the final customer. The operation of control valves with different variations of their installation in the heat supply system is shown graphically. It can be concluded that there is a need to revise the provisions of the concept of district heating concerning the regulation of heat loads and the structure of coverage of heat loads of consumers.
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Lutsenko, Alexandr, and Nikolay Novitsky. "Aggregation of distribution heating networks in the problems of hierarchical optimization of large heat supply systems." E3S Web of Conferences 219 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021903003.
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The article shows that the problem of dimension is a significant obstacle to the automation of solving the problem of finding optimal hydraulic modes of heat supply systems. To overcome this problem, the authors have previously proposed a hierarchical approach to optimizing the hydraulic modes of heat supply systems. The article discusses the problem of aggregating distribution heating networks within the framework of this approach. To solve it, the previously proposed by the authors of loop reducing dynamic programming method is adapted. Its operability and computational efficiency are checked on computational experiments.
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Panferov, S., and V. Panferov. "HEATING MANAGEMENT FOR BUILDINGS WITH LOW-TEMPERATURE MODES OF HEAT SUPPLY." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Construction Engineering and Architecture" 18, no. 3 (2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/build180309.
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Klymchuk, O., and G. Pozdnyakova. "IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF HEAT SUPPLYSYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF POWER OUTAGE." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 70 (2024): 48–54. https://doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.70.2024.06.
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The paper analyzes the current state of municipal heat power engineering with centralized heat supply systems in emergency power outages. An overview of existing approaches to solving the issue of reliable provision of electricity by centralized heat sources is carried out. The urgency of complex solution of problems of reliability of energy supply of communal services objects both heat and electricity is given. At the same time, it is proposed to minimize the location of heat and electricity generators, to coordinate the modes of consumption of different types of energy resources. One of the directions of solving the questions proposed the use of cogeneration plants that are able to provide utilities not only heat, but also electricity. The priority for the location of cogeneration plants is offered by heating boiler houses, which organized a cell release of combustion products, as well as a system of distribution of heat carriers. To solve these issues, a scheme for integrating the cogeneration plant into a centralized heat supply system based on the district heating boiler house and the use of heat pumps was developed. The comparative analysis of energy efficiency of the proposed solutions is carried out by the value of the coefficient of fuel heat use. According to the task, an analysis of the use of cogeneration installations in energy supply systems of communal services complexes was carried out. It is proposed to use heat pumps to improve the efficiency of the system of joint heat and electricity production. For the selected modes of operation of the proposed system, an analysis of the efficiency of combined heat and electricity production was carried out. It isshown that application in the heat pump scheme is able to provide an increase in the share of additional heat sources to 50% in the boiler room balance, and, accordingly, to increase the energy efficiency index by 1.3 times. Keywords: cogeneration unit, heat pumps, centralized heat supply systems
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Stennikov, Valery, Ekaterina Mednikova, Ivan Postnikov, and Andrey Penkovskii. "Optimization of the Effective Heat Supply Radius for the District Heating Systems." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 2 (2019): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0064.
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Abstract The problem of determining the effective (optimal) heat supply radius is considered. Heat supply radius is transportation distance of heat energy in the district heating systems (DHS), under which the highest indices of economic efficiency of district heating to consumers are respected. To solve this difficult and multifactorial problem, a bi-level approach has been proposed. This approach allows finding the optimal frameworks of territorial areas of district heating while fulfilling the necessary requirements for thermal-hydraulic modes in heat networks and for reliability of heating to consumers. Methodology for solving the formulated problem is based on bi-level programming methods, models of Theory of hydraulic circuits, nonlinear optimization methods, nodal reliability indices (availability factor, failure-free operation probability), Markov random processes models and other methods and models. A case study has been conducted using the developed methodological apparatus for the actual DHS scheme of the Irkutsk city (Russia, Siberia).
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Petrash, V. D., V. P. Baryshev, L. F. Shevchenko, E. A. Geraskina, and A. V. Golubenko. "EFFECTIVENESS OF DECENTRALIZED HEAT SUPPLY BASED ON TRADITIONAL HEAT GENERATORS WITH VAPOR COMPRESSION ENERGY TRANSFORMATION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE SOURCES." Modern construction and architecture, no. 8 (June 29, 2024): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2786-6696-2024-8-80-88.
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The research is devoted to solving the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of decentralized heat supply of public buildings and industrial enterprises with typical municipal and industrial heat generators on the basis of heat pump energy conversion of pre-cooling of heat flows of the return energy carrier from the heat network, initial cold water and flue gases. The aim of this work was to analyze and identify conditions that would increase the energy efficiency of the improved system while expanding the total volume of generated heat for decentralized heat supply. Additionally, the work aimed to ensure the environmental friendliness of primary fuel energy use. The proposed approach aims to improve the energy and environmental performance of heat sources by regulating the temperature of the waste energy carrier to its design value, following a standardized temperature schedule. The most important result of the study of the improved system of decentralized heat supply is the established generalized dependence of determining the actual conversion coefficient in the heat pump operation. It allows qualitative analysis of the dependence of energy efficiency of the heat supply system on the temperature change of the analyzed low-temperature sources, the ratio of the above-mentioned water flow rates and the influence of cold water distribution for municipal and industrial-technological purposes. The results of the analytical study of the improved heat supply system create a basis for adjusting the temperature schedule of heat supply, taking into account the characteristic conditions of decentralized heat supply and heat consumption modes of municipal and industrial systems.