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Hamdy, Tamer M., Manar Galal, Amira Galal Ismail, and Rasha M. Abdelraouf. "Evaluation of Flexibility, Microstructure and Elemental Analysis of Some Contemporary Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 21 (2019): 3647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.811.
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BACKGROUND: Contemporary nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments had a revolutionary impact on the success of root canal treatment.
 AIM: To evaluate the flexibility, microstructure and elemental analysis of four different recent NiTi rotary instruments, namely; Wave One Gold, TF adaptive, HyFlex EDM and Gr_Reciproc Blue compared to conventional Protaper Universal (F2).
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The NiTi rotary files were subjected to cantilever bending test to evaluate their flexibility. The microstructural characteristics and elemental analysis were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).
 RESULTS: The TF adaptive, HyFlex EDM and Wave One Gold endodontic files showed significantly lower cantilever bending values (i.e., higher flexibility) than Protaper F2 and Gr_Reciproc Blue (p < 0.05). The SEM micrographs showed that the bulk of all examined files showed multiple striations due to the cutting process, on the other hand, their external surfaces were different: The Protaper Universal F2 showed multiple voids, while the TF Adaptive surface exhibited more uniform structure. The Hyflex EDM had a crater-like surface, whereas Wave one Gold showed machining grooves with minimum defects, while Reciproc Blue displayed machining grooves with random scratch lines. There was a significant difference in bulk and surface elemental analysis of the various examined files, yet composed mainly of the same elements.
 CONCLUSION: Chemical composition, heat treatment, manufacturing process and geometrical design of the NiTi rotary instrument have a great influence on their flexibility and microstructure.
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Al-Nasrawi, Suhad Jabbar Hamed, Zuha Ayad Jaber, Nibrass Talib Al-Quraine, et al. "Impact of Peracetic Acid on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instrument." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6676005.
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Peracetic acid (PAA) is widely used as a sterilizing/disinfecting agent, and, in endodontics, it has been introduced as a promising irrigant in root canal treatment. It has been used at different concentrations to achieve various functions. However, endodontic instruments in contact with PAA of a certain concentration may affect their fatigue resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PAA on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three commercial heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files. Three types of heat-treated NiTi rotary files were selected: One Curve (OC), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and Wave One Gold (WOG). Each type was divided into three subgroups (n = 6 for each file type): (1) untreated instruments; (2) files immersed in 0.002% PAA; and (3) files immersed in 0.35% PAA. The performance of each file type was tested in a simulated canal. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was determined to assess cyclic fatigue resistance of the files. Independent sample t-test was applied to compare each treated file within a subgroup with its respective control group, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among the main groups. All types of tested files revealed a significant decline in the cyclic fatigue resistance after exposure to 0.002% PAA except the PTG ( P = 0.209 ). After exposure of the files to a higher concentration (0.35% PAA), a dramatic reduction was demonstrated by all the groups. Before and after exposure of the files to PAA, PTG displayed the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by the WOG, while the OC showed the lowest resistance. Exposure of heated-treated NiTi files to PAA in a relatively high or low concentration adversely affects the cyclic fatigue resistance. The PTG files demonstrated the best performance among the tested types and can be disinfected with 0.002% PAA for clinical purpose.
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Oh, Soram, Kee-Yeon Kum, Kwon Cho, et al. "Torsional and Bending Properties of V Taper 2H, ProTaper NEXT, NRT, and One Shape." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6368958.
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Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files have enabled efficient root canal preparations that maintain the canal center with fewer aberrations compared to hand files. However, NiTi rotary files are susceptible to fracture, which can thereby compromise root canal treatment. Therefore, NiTi files have been developed to enhance fracture resistance by modifying design and thermal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the torsional fatigue resistance and bending resistance of NiTi files manufactured from different alloys and treatments. ProTaper NEXT X2 (PTN; M-wire), V taper 2H (V2H; controlled memory wire), NRT (heat-treated), and One Shape (OS; conventional alloy) instruments of tip size #25 were compared. Torsional fatigue was evaluated by embedding the 3 mm tip of each instrument (N = 10/brand) in resin and the repetitive application of torsional stress (300 rpm, 1.0 N·cm) by an endodontic motor with autostop when the file fractured. The number of loading cycles to fracture was recorded and analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests with Bonferroni’s correction. Bending resistance of the instruments was tested using a cantilever bending test to the 3 mm point from the tip (N = 10/brand). The stress was measured when deflection of 3 mm was subjected and statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significance difference test (α = 0.05). V2H withstood the highest number of load applications during torsional fatigue testing (p<0.05), followed by NRT, PTN, and OS, where the differences between NRT and PTN (p=0.035) and between PTN and OS (p=0.143) were not statistically significant. V2H showed the lowest bending stiffness, followed by NRT, PTN, and OS (p<0.001). Thermal treatment of NiTi wire resulted in improved mechanical properties, and controlled memory wire provided improved flexibility and torsional fatigue resistance.
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Nešković, Isidora, Igor Stojanac, Sanja Vujkov, Jovan Laban Terzija, and Aleksandra Maletin. "Deformation of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in cyclic loading – in vitro study." Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 65, no. 2 (2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sdj-2018-0006.
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Summary Introduction Separation of instruments in the root canal is one of the challenges in endodontic treatment. More specifically, nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments usually separate without previous deformation. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of torsional stress on endodontic NiTi rotary instruments separation in simulated clinical conditions. Materials and methods Research was conducted on a sample of 20 human teeth in laboratory conditions. Experimental procedure consisted of determining canal curvatures for each root on digital radiographs and root canal treatment using endodontic NiTi rotary instruments. Out of 20 teeth (60 canals), two groups were formed with similar root canal curvatures (10 pairs of teeth) and instrumented using NiTi rotary instrument with or without torque control. Results Wilcoxon matched pair test showed no statistically significant difference in average number of instruments use with or without torque control (p>0.05). Conclusion Even though there is no statistical significance in instrument separation when instruments were used with or without torque, there is tendency to experience sudden fracture of instruments after work without torsional control even after only few uses in clinical work.
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Đuričković, Mirjana, Mirjana Ivanović, Mira Samardžić, Olivera Jovičić, and Zorica Popović. "Periodontal health in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 in Montenegro." Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 65, no. 3 (2018): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sdj-2018-0011.
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Summary Introduction Separation of instruments in the root canal is one of the challenges in endodontic treatment. More specifically, nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments usually separate without previous deformation. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of torsional stress on endodontic NiTi rotary instruments separation in simulated clinical conditions. Materials and methods Research was conducted on a sample of 20 human teeth in laboratory conditions. Experimental procedure consisted of determining canal curvatures for each root on digital radiographs and root canal treatment using endodontic NiTi rotary instruments. Out of 20 teeth (60 canals), two groups were formed with similar root canal curvatures (10 pairs of teeth) and instrumented using NiTi rotary instrument with or without torque control. Results Wilcoxon matched pair test showed no statistically significant difference in average number of instruments use with or without torque control (p>0.05). Conclusion Even though there is no statistical significance in instrument separation when instruments were used with or without torque, there is tendency to experience sudden fracture of instruments after work without torsional control even after only few uses in clinical work.
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Martins, Renata Castro, Marília Oliveira Saraiva Seijo, Efigênia Ferreira Ferreira, Saul Martins Paiva, and Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho. "Dental students' perceptions about the endodontic treatments performed using NiTi rotary instruments and hand stainless steel files." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 6 (2012): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000600018.
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This study evaluated the perceptions of Brazilian undergraduate dental students about the endodontic treatments performed using NiTi rotary instruments and hand stainless steel. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to undergraduate dental students enrolled in endodontic disciplines. The students were divided into 3 groups: G1, students who had treated straight canals with SS hand instruments; G2, students who had treated curved canals with SS hand instruments; and G3, students who had treated both straight and curved canals with NiTi rotary instruments. The number of endodontic treatments performed, types of treated teeth, students' learning, time spent, encountered difficulties, quality of endodontic treatment and characteristics of the employed technique were analyzed. There was a 91.3% rate of return for the questionnaires. Mandibular molars were the most frequently treated teeth, followed by maxillary incisors. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no differences in learning (p=0.528) or in the characteristics of the technique employed (p=0.560) among the three groups. G3 students performed a greater number of endodontic treatments (p<0.001) in a smaller time (p<0.001) than did G1 and G2 students. Difficulties were reported primarily by students in G2 and G3 compared with G1 (p=0.048). The quality of endodontic treatments differed only between G1 and G2 (p=0.045). The use of NiTi rotary instruments should be included in undergraduate dental curriculum, contributing to the increase of patients assisted and consequently to improve the clinical experience of the students.
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AlRahabi, Mothanna K., and Hani M. Ghabbani. "Removal of a separated endodontic instrument by using the modified hollow tube–based extractor system: A case report." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2090782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20907822.
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The frequency of separation of NiTi rotary instruments has increased with the increasing use of these instruments, and this error may result from inadequate experience of using these instruments. This iatrogenic error can complicate root canal treatment, and special experience is required to manage this problem. This case report describes the management of the separation of an F3 instrument from a ProTaper NiTi rotary system. A 30-year-old man was referred to the College of Dentistry, Taibah University (Saudi Arabia) with an intracanal separated NiTi rotary instrument (F3 of the ProTaper system; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in the canal of the maxillary right canine. The separated instrument was removed by using the modified hollow tube–based extractor system. The present case revealed that sometimes a simple method can be an effective alternative of a professional method; using NiTi rotary instruments with strict adherence is important for the prevention of instrument separation.
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Prati, Carlo, João Paulo Mendes Tribst, Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva, et al. "3D Finite Element Analysis of Rotary Instruments in Root Canal Dentine with Different Elastic Moduli." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062547.
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The aim of the present investigation was to calculate the stress distribution generated in the root dentine canal during mechanical rotation of five different NiTi endodontic instruments by means of a finite element analysis (FEA). Two conventional alloy NiTi instruments F360 25/04 and F6 Skytaper 25/06, in comparison to three heat treated alloys NiTI Hyflex CM 25/04, Protaper Next 25/06 and One Curve 25/06 were considered and analyzed. The instruments’ flexibility (reaction force) and geometrical features (cross section, conicity) were previously investigated. For each instrument, dentine root canals with two different elastic moduli(18 and 42 GPa) were simulated with defined apical ratios. Ten different CAD instrument models were created and their mechanical behaviors were analyzed by a 3D-FEA. Static structural analyses were performed with a non-failure condition, since a linear elastic behavior was assumed for all components. All the instruments generated a stress area concentration in correspondence to the root canal curvature at approx. 7 mm from the apex. The maximum values were found when instruments were analyzed in the highest elastic modulus dentine canal. Strain and von Mises stress patterns showed a higher concentration in the first part of curved radius of all the instruments. Conventional Ni-Ti endodontic instruments demonstrated higher stress magnitudes, regardless of the conicity of 4% and 6%, and they showed the highest von Mises stress values in sound, as well as in mineralized dentine canals. Heat-treated endodontic instruments with higher flexibility values showed a reduced stress concentration map. Hyflex CM 25/04 displayed the lowest von Mises stress values of, respectively, 35.73 and 44.30 GPa for sound and mineralized dentine. The mechanical behavior of all rotary endodontic instruments was influenced by the different elastic moduli and by the dentine canal rigidity.
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Sharroufna, Reham, and Mohammed Mashyakhy. "The Effect of Multiple Autoclave Sterilization on the Cyclic Fatigue of Three Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files: EdgeFile X7, Vortex Blue, and TRUShape." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8826069.
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Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated NiTi rotary endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods. Three NiTi rotary endodontic instruments (EdgeFile X7, EFX7 0.30/0.4; Vortex Blue, VB 0.30/0.4; and TRUShape, TS 0.30/0.6) were selected. Each group ( n = 24 each) was divided into 2 subgroups ( n = 12 each): sterilized instruments and nonsterilized instruments. The sterilized instruments were subjected to 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization. Twelve instruments from each different subgroups were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program ( P < 0.05 ). Results. Sterilized and nonsterilized EFX7 files showed the highest NCF compared with other file subgroups. Comparing the results between sterilized and nonsterilized instruments for each type of files, there was a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) only between sterilized and nonsterilized EFX7 files (1198 versus 755 NCF). The other instruments did not show significant differences ( P > 0.05 ) in the mean NCF as a result of sterilization cycles (VB, 606 versus 568 NCF; TS, 487 versus 442 NCF). Conclusion. Repeated cycles of autoclave sterilization increased the NCF of the new heat-treated files, with EFX7 showing statistically significant superior results compared with other files tested.
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Gambarini, Gianluca, Gabriele Miccoli, Marco Seracchiani, et al. "Role of the Flat-Designed Surface in Improving the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic NiTi Rotary Instruments." Materials 12, no. 16 (2019): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162523.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the flat-designed surface in improving the resistance to cyclic fatigue by comparing heat-treated F-One (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments and similar prototypes, differing only by the absence of the flat side. The null hypothesis was that there were no differences between the two tested instruments in terms of cyclic fatigue lifespan. A total of 40 new NiTi instruments (20 F-One and 20 prototypes) were tested in the present study. The instruments were rotated with the same speed (500 rpm) and torque (2 N) using an endodontic motor (Elements Motor, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) in the same stainless steel, artificial canal (90° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius). A Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was performed to assess the differences in terms of time to fracture and the length of the fractured segment between the flat- and non-flat-sided instruments. Significance was set at p = 0.05. The differences in terms of time to fracture between non-flat and flat were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In addition, the differences in terms of fractured segment length were statistically significant (p = 0.034). The results of this study highlight the importance of flat-sided design in increasing the cyclic fatigue lifespan of NiTi rotary instruments.
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Vinothkumar, Thilla Sekar, Deivanayagam Kandaswamy, Gopalakrishnan Prabhakaran, and Arunachalam Rajadurai. "Mechanical behavior of deep cryogenically treated martensitic shape memory nickel–titanium rotary endodontic instruments." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 02 (2016): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.178314.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the cyclic fatigue resistance and cutting efficiency of martensitic shape memory (SM) nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five HyFlex® CM instruments were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each and subjected to different DCT (–185°C) conditions based on soaking time: DCT 24 group: 24 h, DCT 6 group: 6 h, and control group. Each group was randomly subdivided for evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance in custom-made artificial canals (n = 15) and cutting efficiency in plexiglass simulators (n = 10). The cyclic fatigue resistance was measured by calculating the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and cutting efficiency was measured using the loss of weight method. Results: Increase in NCF of instruments in DCT 24 group was highly significant (P < 0.01; Tukey's honest significant difference). There was no difference in weight loss of plexiglass simulators in all the groups (P > 0.05; one-way analysis of variance). In conclusion, deep dry cryogenic treatment with 24 h soaking time significantly increases the cyclic fatigue resistance without affecting the cutting efficiency of SM NiTi endodontic instruments.
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Mittal, Sangam, Navneet Kukreja, Devendra Chaudhary, Abhishek Bansal, Jyoti Bansal, and Disha Agarwal. "Sword of Endodontist: A Review." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 02, no. 03 (2014): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671997.
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AbstractThe last decade has been witness to phenomenal growth in endodontic technology. The introduction of these new technologies has resulted in endodontics becoming easier, faster and most importantly, better. NiTi alloys overall are softer than stainless steel, are not heat treatable, have a low modulus of elasticity (about one fourth to one fifth that ofstainless steel) but a greater strength, are tougher and more resilient, andshow shape memory and superelasticity. The latter two properties arethe main reasons why NiTi alloys have succeeded in endodontics. Thepurpose of this article is to review the design features of different rotary instruments used for pulp space preparation. Important mechanical features include thevariability of taper, rake angle, cross-sectional geometry, tip configuration, design of blades, helical angle and pitch. These design features influence flexibility, cutting efficiency and safety. In this review, design features of commonlyused NiTi rotary systems are summarized.
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Kumar, Sudhir, P. Ratnakar, NV Murali Krishna Chakka, Sanjib Das, Anandamy Bagchi, and Lavanya Anumula. "Do NiTi Instruments show Defects before Separation? Defects caused by Torsional Fatigue in Hand and Rotary Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Instruments which Lead to Failure during Clinical Use." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1243.
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ABSTRACT Aims Visual and microscopic evaluation of defects caused by torsional fatigue in hand and rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. Materials and methods Ninety-six NiTi greater taper instruments which were routinely used for root canal treatment only in anterior teeth were selected for the study. The files taken include ProTaper for hand use, ProTaper Rotary files and Endowave rotary files. After every use, the files were observed visually and microscopically (Stereomicroscope at 10×) to evaluate the defects caused by torsional fatigue. Scoring was given according to a new classification formulated which gives an indication of the severity of the defect or damage. Statistical analysis Data was statistically analyzed using KruskallWallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results Number of files showing defects were more under stereomicroscope than visual examination. But, the difference in the evaluation methods was not statistically significant. The different types of defects observed were bent instrument, straightening/stretching of twist contour and partial reverse twisting. Endowave files showed maximum number of defects followed by ProTaper for hand use and least in ProTaper Rotary. Conclusion Visible defects due to torsional fatigue do occur in NiTi instruments after clinical use. Both visual and microscopic examinations were efficient in detecting defects caused due to torsional fatigue. This study emphasizes that all files should be observed for any visible defects before and after every instrumentation cycle to minimize the risk of instrument separation and failure of endodontic therapy. How to cite this article Chakka NVMK, Ratnakar P, Das S, Bagchi A, Kumar S, Anumula L. Do NiTi Instruments show Defects before Separation? Defects caused by Torsional Fatigue in Hand and Rotary Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Instruments which Lead to Failure during Clinical Use. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):867-872.
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Debelian, Gilberto. "BioRaCe NiTi system: Biologically desirable apical sizes - safely and efficiently." Serbian Dental Journal 58, no. 1 (2011): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1101044d.
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The main goal of endodontic treatment is an effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal in order to eliminate bacteria from the canal system and prevent the occurrence of apical periodontitis. Adequate choice of instruments and preparation techniques significantly reduce the number of bacteria in the canal system prior to obturation. Studies have confirmed that canals instrumented to acceptable apical diameters provide significantly lower number of bacteria even without the use of irrigation. Application of rotary instruments, such as BioRaCe, provides biologi- cally appropriate diameter in the apical portion of the canal and thus a lower number of residual bacteria to ensure safe and effective obturation.
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Helvacioglu-Yigit, Dilek. "Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 1 (2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1639.
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ABSTRACT Aim C-shaped canal system is a seldom-found root canal anatomy which displays a challenge in all stages of endodontic treatment. According to the literature, this type of canal morphology is not a common finding in the mandibular first molar teeth. Background This case report presents endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with a C-shaped canal system. Case report Root canal system was cleaned and shaped by nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments combined with selfadjusting file (SAF). Obturation was performed using warm, vertical condensation combined with the injection of warm gutta-percha. Follow-up examination 12 months later showed that the tooth was asymptomatic. The radiological findings presented no signs of periapical pathology. Clinical significance The clinician must be aware of the occurence and complexity of C-shaped canals in mandibular first molar teeth to perform a successful root canal treatment. The supplementary use of SAF after application of rotary instruments in C-shaped root canals might be a promising approach in endodontic treatment of this type of canal morphology. How to cite this article Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):77-80.
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Camargo, Jose Maurício Paradella de, Rafael Verardino de Camargo, Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra, et al. "Evolutionary Leap in Endodontics. Case report." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 3 (2021): e44110313538. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13538.
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The Leap protocol combines the newest and most active association of reciprocal-rotary instrumentation, aluminum insert ultrasonic, and diode laser. The reciprocal-rotary technique consists of Niti instruments used in different motions depending on the stage of the treatment and promotes the balanced cutting effectiveness and reduced risk of fracture files. Moreover, it creates a centered and tapered shape. The aluminum tip for the ultrasonic unit delivers agitation, emulsification, and cavitation of antiseptic solutions that improve the cleaning. The dye and laser use cause the ablation and final disinfection. This paper describes the case of a patient with asymptomatic apical periodontitis in an upper first right molar submitted to endodontic treatment performed with Leap protocol. After conventional procedures, the root canals were prepared by using reciprocal-rotary instrumentation techniques. Between each file a new solution was placed and activated with the ultrasonic handpiece. At the end of instrumentation, the root canals were aspirated, dried with paper points, the indocyanine dye was placed into the root canals and, DaVinci laser was used for 30 seconds. The gutta-percha cones matching the final Niti file were used coated with AH Plus sealer. A periapical radiograph was taken to verify obturation and its anatomical complexity. Six months after the procedure, the patient was asymptomatic, and the radiographic examination showed healthy periradicular tissues. It is concluded that the use of Leap protocol in conventional endodontic treatment was effective, suggesting that this therapy may provide additional benefits to patients when compared to the conventional technique.
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Ebihara, A., Y. Yahata, K. Miyara, K. Nakano, Y. Hayashi, and H. Suda. "Heat treatment of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments: effects on bending properties and shaping abilities." International Endodontic Journal 44, no. 9 (2011): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01891.x.
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La Rosa, G., F. Lo Savio, E. Pedullà, and E. Rapisarda. "A new torquemeter to measure the influence of heat-treatment on torsional resistance of NiTi endodontic instruments." Engineering Failure Analysis 82 (December 2017): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.005.
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Cimpean, Sanda Ileana, Adrian Mihai Varvara, Smaranda Dana Buduru, et al. "CBCT Evaluation of Changes in Root Canal Geometry Induced by the Chemical Structure of NiTi Alloys of Three Rotary Systems." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 6 (2020): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.6.8181.
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Preservation of the root canal anatomy is very important for the success of endodontic treatment.Properly instrumentation of curvet root canals is influenced by flexibility of endodontic instruments which depends on composition and thermomechanical treatment of the metallic alloy. The aim of the current study was to compare the changes in root canal geometry after the preparation with two systems that work in reciprocating motion (Reciproc25, Primary Wave One) and another one in continuous rotation (One Shape), using CT measurements. Forty-five canals of extracted molars with curvatures ranging from 9 to 40 degrees were chosen for this study. The canals were divided, according to the canal curvature into three homogeneous groups and were prepared with three different rotary systems: group I with Reciproc file 25.08 (VDW, Munich, Germany), group II with Wave One Primary 25.08 (Dentsply-Maillefer Ballaigues, Switzerland) and group III with One Shape 25.06 (Micro Mega, Bensancon, France).All groups were scanned pre and post instrumentation, using NewTo 3G CBCT (QR, Italy, FOV, 0.16mm voxel size). The following parameters were assessed after measurements on cross-sectional CBCT images: the centering ability, diameter change, canal transportation. All instruments maintain the original canal curvature well, resulting in no significant differences of their centering ability (P]0.05) and canal transportation (P]0.05). The highest increase in diameter of canal was observed with Primary Wave One, which was not statistically significant for the entire canal (P]0.05). Instrumentation with Reciproc was faster than instrumentation with One Shape and Wave One,but the differences were not statistically significant (P]0.05). All systems perform safe and proper canal preparations and can be used in root canal treatment of curved canals.
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Chang, Seok Woo, Yu-Chan Kim, Hyejung Chang, et al. "Effect of heat treatment on cyclic fatigue resistance, thermal behavior and microstructures of K3 NiTi rotary instruments." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 71, no. 6 (2013): 1656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2013.797101.
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Deviatnikova, V. G., and T. N. Manak. "Experimental study of factors affecting the failure of the cyclical nature of rotary endodontic instruments." Endodontics Today 18, no. 1 (2020): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-1-4-14.
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Relevance. The properties of shape memory, superelasticity and plasticity in nickel-titanium tools make the visual prediction of breakage as difficult as possible. Therefore, an important role is given to research, the purpose of which is to predict the time of their work and to identify the main factors affecting the probability of a fracture.Aim. Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of Ni-Ti rotary endodontic instruments of various manufacturers.Materials and methods. The influence of the autoclaving procedure and the angle of bending of the root canal on the resistance of a rotating endodontic instrument to cyclic loads was studied using an author's patented device that simulates the rotation of an instrument in a real channel; the number of cycles completed by each instrument before its fracture was recorded. The morphology of fractures, the microstructure of specimens under fractures, and the microhardness of specimens of endodontic instruments after testing were studied.Results. It has been established that resistance to fatigue fractures of instruments of various endodontic systems decreases with an increase in the bending angle of the root canal. For Endostar E3 Basic Rotary System tools, the number of cycles decreased by 1.2 times, for Protaper Universal tools by 2.9 times. The tools of the Protaper Next system reduced the number of cycles at a bending angle of the artificial root canal of 60 degrees by 1.5 times compared with the number of cycles at a bending angle of 45 degrees. At the same time, statistical data and the study of the microstructure of samples of new and past 6 cycles of autoclave tools did not show a connection between the autoclaving procedure and a decrease in their resistance to cyclic loads.Conclusions. When working in complex bent over 45 degrees channels, it is rational to choose an endodontic instrument that has undergone heat treatment at the production stage (in the framework of this study, it was Protaper Next 25/06 M-Wire alloy). This will reduce the likelihood of a file fracture and associated dangerous complications of endodontic treatment.
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Diana, Sherli, and Pribadi Santosa. "Perawatan Satu Kunjungan pada Premolar Pertama Atas Menggunakan Protaper Rotary dan Restorasi Resin Komposit." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 20, no. 1 (2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8385.
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Preparasi kemomekanik pada saluran akar meliputi instrumentasi mekanis dan irigasi antibakteri yang secara prinsip dapat langsung mengeliminasi mikroorganisme pada sistem saluran akar. sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1988, instrumen rotary nikel-titanium (niti) telah digunakan secara umum dalam perawatan endodontik karena kemampuannya membentuk saluran akar dengan prosedur komplikasi yang minimal. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk memaparkan perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan menggunakan protaper rotary dan restorasi resin komposit gigi premolar. Penderita pria 21 tahun datang ke RSGM Prof. Soedomo UGM Yogyakarta mengeluhkan gigi belakang atas kiri yang berlubang tapi tidak sakit dan pasien ingin dirawat.Gigi Premolar satu atas kiri terdapat kavitas disto oklusal dengan pulpa terbuka. Pemeriksan objektif pada gigi 24 sondasi, perkusi, palpasi, dan tes termal menunjukkan hasil negatif.Pemeriksaan radiografis tidak terdapat lesi, lamina dura tidak terputus dan saluran akar jelas dan lurus. Pada kasus ini dilakukan perawatan saluran akar dengan menggunakan ProTaper rotary ( X-Smart, Dentsply). Pasca perawatan saluran akar, gigi premolar satu atas kiri dilakukan tumpatan resin komposit kelas II.Hasil evaluasi klinik saat kontrol tidak ada keluhan rasa sakit, pemeriksaan objektif juga tidak ada rasa sakit, warna gigi serasi dengan warna gigi tetangga.prognosis pada kasus ini baik dan tidak ada keluhan. Kesimpulan paska perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan dengan instrumenrotary, tidak terdapat keluhan.Penggunaan Instrumen rotary Nikel-Titanium (NiTi) sangat flexible dengan prosedur komplikasi yang minimal, dan hemat waktu.One Visit Treatment of Upper Premolar Tooth Using Rotary Protaper and Composite Resin Restoration. Chemomechanical preparation for root canal including mechanic instrumentation and anti-bacterial irrigation principally could eliminate microorganisms in root canal system. Many instruments and techniques have been described and developed for initial root canal treatment. Since first established in 1988, nikel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instrument has been used for endodontic treatment because of its capability in forming the root canal with minimal complication procedure. Clinically, safe use of NiTi instrument and understanding of the alloy basic metallurgy including fracture mechanism and its correlation with root canal anatomy in order to set the safe use of NiTi instrument are required. This research will explain about biological principal of root canal preparation with correct technique and instrumentation system using NiTi. A 21 year-old patient in RSGM Prof. Soedomo UGM Yogyakarta complained about his left side upper jaw, posterior teeth with cavity, painless and the patient wanted to treat the teeth. The left maxilla first premolar teeth has a distooclussal cavity, open pulp. Based on the radiograph test, there found no lession, lamina dura was fine, and root canal was clear and straight. In this case, the patient was treated with crown down rotary X-Smart (Dentsply) technique for root canal treatment. After the root canal treatment had been conducted, the teeth were restorated with class II composite resin. After the treatment, it is found that there is no pain in the teeth, the colour of teeth match with others, and the prognosis for this case is good.
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Khalil, Wafaa. "EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON CYCLIC FATIGUE, FLEXIBILITY AND PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF TWO CONTROLLED MEMORY NITI ROTARY INSTRUMENTS." Egyptian Dental Journal 65, no. 2 (2019): 1463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2019.72570.
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ADIGÜZEL, Özkan. "A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File." International Dental Research 1, no. 1 (2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2011.vol1.no1.4.
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A primary aim of root canal treatment is to completely clean and shape the root canal system. Various instruments are available for endodontic instrumentation. Although rotary systems do prepare many canals without major procedural errors, they do not address canal types with long-oval or flat cross sections. A newly developed self-adjusting file (SAF) was designed to address the shortcomings of traditional rotary files by adjusting itself to the canal cross section. This instrument consists of a compressible opened NiTi tube that, on placement into a root canal, will exert pressure against the canal Wall. The SAF is used in an in-and-out motion powered by a handpiece and under constant irrigation. The aim of this review was to describe instrument design, usage parameters and features of Self Adjusting File.
 How to cite this article: Adıgüzel Ö. A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File. Int Dent Res 2011;1:18-25.
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Almeida, Bernardo Corrêa de, Fabíola Ormiga, Marcos César Pimenta de Araújo, et al. "Influence of Heat Treatment of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments on Apical Preparation: A Micro–Computed Tomographic Study." Journal of Endodontics 41, no. 12 (2015): 2031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.001.
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Khandagale, Pooja D., Prashant P. Shetty, Saleem D. Makandar, et al. "Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue of Hyflex EDM, Twisted Files, and ProTaper Gold Manufactured with Different Processes: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (July 29, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7402658.
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Introduction. The main aims of root canal instrumentation are to provide an environment that will lead to healing and to provide a root canal shape that is comfortable to clean and seal. When working with rotary endodontic instruments, the most significant concerns are that the instrument might fracture in the root canal, thus affecting the treatment outcome. Hence, it is of immense importance to know which file systems have more cyclic fatigue resistance. Methodology. This study evaluated the effect of the curved segment length of the artificial canal (the arch), and the number of cycles necessary in fracture of Hyflex EDM, Twisted files, and ProTaper Gold were recorded. Sixty NiTi rotary instruments of 25 mm length (Hyflex EDM (20), Twisted files (20), and ProTaper Gold (20)) were tested in a metal block with simulated canal having 90° angle of curvature. The study was performed with a specific radius and degree of curvature, i.e., 8 mm radius and 90⁰ angle of curvature, and data obtained were subsequently subjected to statistical evaluation using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Result. The Hyflex EDM (774.29) exhibited the maximum cyclic fatigue resistance compared to Twisted files (654.875) and ProTaper Gold (375.575). A statistically significant difference was observed between the tested groups. Conclusion. The Hyflex EDM files showed the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by Twisted files and ProTaper Gold files.
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Dioguardi, Mario, Vito Crincoli, Luigi Laino, et al. "Surface Alterations Induced on Endodontic Instruments by Sterilization Processes, Analyzed with Atomic Force Microscopy: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (2019): 4948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224948.
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Endodontic canal disinfection procedures that use sodium hypochlorite, and subsequently, heat sterilization procedures can alter the surface of endodontic instruments, described as corrosion and micropitting. These phenomena can be visualized on the surface of the instruments by SEM and atomic force microscopy analyses. The endodontic instruments used in probing, pre-enlargement, and shaping phases are made of steel alloy or nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) and are subject to torsional, flexor, and cyclic fatigue; indeed, reuse of these instruments must be done with the knowledge that these instruments are subject to fracture following stress caused during their use. Fracture of the instrument within the canal is an eventuality that can lead to failure of the treatment, and therefore it is important to try to reduce situations that can contribute to the fracture. This review was performed based on the PRISMA protocol. Studies were identified through bibliographic research using electronic databases. A total of 1036 records were identified on the PubMed and Scopus databases. After screening the articles, restricted by year of publication (1979 to 2019), there were 946 records. With the application of the eligibility criteria (all the articles pertaining to the issue of sterilization in endodontics), there were 228 articles. There were 104 articles after eliminating overlaps. There were 50 articles that discussed the influence of sterilization procedures on the surface characteristics of endodontic instruments, and 26 articles that measured parameters on surface alteration. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in a total of eleven articles for quantitative analysis. Four articles were in reference to the primary outcome, eight articles to secondary outcome, and five articles to tertiary outcome. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant surface alteration effect after five autoclaves and after immersion in the canal irrigants after 10 min.
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Miccoli, Gabriele, Andrea Cicconetti, Gianluca Gambarini, et al. "A New Device to Test the Bending Resistance of Mechanical Endodontic Instruments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (2020): 7215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207215.
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The aims of the present study were to propose a new machine for testing the bending behavior of an instrument at multiple specific points along the cutting surface and to compare the influence of proprietary heat treatment on the bending ability of EdgeTaper (ET), Protaper Universal (PTU), EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP), and Protaper Gold (PTG). A total of 320 instruments were examined in the present study: 80 ET, 80 PTU, 80 ETP, and 80 PTG. The bending ability of all instruments was tested at a 45° angle and on three different portions of the instrument at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the tip using a customized device. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among each single instrument of the series and between ET and PTU as well as ETP and PTG. The bending behavior of a nickel–titanium rotary instrument is its ability to bend without any plastic deformation. This feature, according to the results of the present study, is variable along the cutting surface; therefore, it should be evaluated. Due to the present testing device, it would be possible to obtain reliable and trustworthy information about an instrument’s bending ability.
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Jamil, Sara, Rizwan Jouhar, Dinaz Gandhi, Tayyaba Tahira, and Jamshed Shaikh. "Comparison between the mean postoperative pain score with two different file systems in patients with irreversible pulpitis-a clinical study in Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 08 (2019): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.08.89.
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Endodontic Pain if occurs after few hours or days after the treatment indicates a poor pathosis and a bad prognosis in long term, due to this a newer generation of instruments for canal treatment has been introduced from Ni-Ti alloy which has even better ability to shape narrow and curved root canals, without causing aberration. To compare the mean postoperative pain score after manual SS (stainless steel) K-files and mechanical Ni-Ti rotary path files in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Operative Dentistry, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Period: 6 months from 01-10-2017 to 30-03-2018. Materials and Methods: Total 60 patients of irreversible pulpitis with moderate pain score ≥5 were included and divided equally in manual stainless-steel k-files and mechanical Ni-Ti rotary path files groups. Treatment was started with local anesthesia. Patients were recalled after 24 hours and the level of postoperative pain was examined. T-test was applied to compare the outcome in both groups. Stratification was done using t-test and P value ≤0.05 was significantly considered. Results: The mean pre-treatment VAS in group-A and group-B was 7.16±1.44 and 7.86±1.38 respectively. Mean post-treatment VAS in group-A and group-B was 2.33±1.02 and 1.10±0.66 respectively. A significant difference between the pre and post op pain was noted between the two groups, when compared after 24hours by using VAS. Conclusion: Mean post-operative pain score was significantly less with NiTi rotary path files as compare to manual stainless steel K-files.
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Kaul, Shalan, Feby Kuriakose, Jittin James, Basil Joy, and Reema Malik. "Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 11 (2020): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2955.
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ABSTRACT Aim and objective The present study aimed to assess the formation of microcracks in root dentin post-instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand and rotary file system. Materials and methods Totally, 80 freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single roots were chosen for this study. Access opening was performed and #10 K-file was used to attain patency of canal. All specimens were divided into four groups (each group having 20 specimens), i.e., Group I: Unprepared, Group II: NiTi hand K-files, Group III: Self-adjusting file, and Group IV: XP-Shaper single file. Complete irrigation of all the canals was performed after instrumentation. All roots were cut horizontally at three levels [apical third (3 mm), middle third (6 mm), and cervical third (9 mm)] from the apex with diamond disc. A stereomicroscope was used to view the sections under 20× magnification. Results Self-adjusting file showed least number of defects with a percentage of 75% followed by XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files with a values of 65 and 60%, respectively. Use of hand K-files resulted in greater number of incomplete cracks (30%) and use of XP-Shaper demonstrated greater number of craze lines (15%). A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups in the formation of dentinal defects of root at apical third (3 mm) (p < 0.031) and middle third (6 mm) (p < 0.001), whereas the sections at cervical third (9 mm) did not show any statistically significant difference (p > 0.312). Conclusion The present study concluded that the self-adjusting file system gives promising better results in cleaning ability with minimal incidence of radicular dentin microcracks than XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files system. Clinical significance The root dentin may unavoidably get damaged during instrumentation resulting in the formation of dentinal cracks and tiny complicated fractures, thus leading to endodontic failures. Various factors cause dentinal cracks, but the flexibility of file due to heat treatment, kinematics of the file, and the basic architecture of the file are the most significant ones. Self-adjusting file system represented satisfactory results with minimal microcracks defects. How to cite this article Kumar A, Kaul S, Kuriakose F, et al. Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(11):1233–1237.
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Dioguardi, Mario, Enrica Laneve, Michele Di Cosola, et al. "The Effects of Sterilization Procedures on the Cutting Efficiency of Endodontic Instruments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061559.
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Sterilization processes guarantee the sterility of dental instruments but can negatively affect instrument features by altering their physical and mechanical properties. The endodontic instrumentation can undergo a series of alterations, ranging from corrosion to variation in the cutting angle and then changes in the torsional properties and torsional fatigue resistance. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aims to investigate alterations to the cutting efficiency of endodontic instruments that are induced by procedures for their disinfection and sterilization. Methodologies adopted for this investigation follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The following were used as search terms on PubMed and Scopus: “endodontic sterilization”, “endodontic autoclave”, “cyclic fatigue”, “torsional”, “cutting efficiency”, “sterilization”, “surface characteristics”, and “corrosion”. At the end of the selection process, 36 articles were identified, and seven of them are included in this systematic review. The results of a meta-analysis conducted for the use of 10 autoclaving cycles shows a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.80 with a p-value equal to 0.04 with respect to effect on cutting efficiency. The network meta-analysis, through direct and indirect comparison between the different autoclave cycles (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 cycles), revealed that treatment involving 15 autoclave cycles produced the most robust results in terms of having the greatest effects in terms of altered cutting efficiency with a probability of 57.7% and a SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) of 80%. The alterations in the effects on cutting efficiency appear to be triggered after five cycles of sterilization by heat (autoclave). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the data indicates that the autoclave sterilization protocol must not be repeated more than five times to preserve cutting efficiency. Within the limitations of this review, we can therefore establish that sterilization by autoclaving alone results in steel and NiTi instruments becoming less efficient in cutting after five cycles, as measured by a reduction in cutting efficiency.
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AlRahabi, Mothanna K., and Ayman M. AlKady. "Current Trends in Practice of Residents in the Saudi Board of Endodontics Program." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 04 (2019): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399456.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of the current study was to collect information about some techniques and armamentarium currently used by the Saudi Board of Endodontics residents in relation to the technical steps of root canal therapy. Materials and Methods A web-based survey was sent to the Saudi Board of Endodontics residents, based in the western area of Saudi Arabia. The survey assessed controversial concepts, and collected information regarding new instruments and materials, used in the technical steps of nonsurgical root canal treatment. A one-sample chi-square test, with a 95% level of significance, was applied to determine whether there were significant differences between respondents’ answers. Results A total of 45 out of 50 residents (90%) responded to the questionnaire. The majority of Saudi Board residents of Endodontics, who participated in this survey, used the mean of working length (ML) measured by periapical X-Ray and apex locator in the presence of a radiographic lesion (63.3%), and maintained apical patency in all cases (80.0%). ProTaper Universal (40%) and ProTaper Next (41.2%) were the most common NiTi rotary systems used for root canal instrumentation. Thirty percent of respondents used adjunct device with irrigation, and 80% advocated smear layer removal. Zinc oxide–eugenol-based sealers were the most common used sealers (70%), and most residents (86.6%) did not advocate sealer extrusion. Conclusions This study revealed that residents of the Saudi Board of Endodontics program adopt new endodontic technologies. There is, however, a need for more investigations regarding this objective, including responses from all residents in Saudi Arabia.
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Nanjannawar, Girish, Saquib Mulla, Divya Gupta, and Sharad Kamat. "Endodontic Retreatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Four Roots and Four Canals: A Case Report." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2020/45816.14227.
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It is a well-recognised fact that incomplete cleaning, shaping and obturation of root canals will lead to endodontic failure. Mandibular second premolars usually have a single root and a single root canal. The presence of four separate roots and four root canals is quite rare. Hence, a comprehensive knowledge about the normal canal configuration along with its variations becomes an indispensable pre-requisite to achieve the success of endodontic treatment. Authors hereby present a case of a 26-year-old male patient and describe its succesful treatment of the mandibular second premolar with four roots and four root canals. The clinical implications of this paper aim at establishing an accurate diagnosis of the root canal system using diagnostic aids such as angulated radiographs and making use of advanced endodontic instruments for successful retreatment of endodontic therapy (C+ files and NiTi rotary endodontic instruments).
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Lima, Taís da Silva, Lara Biliato Alves, and Fábio Pereira Linhares de Castro. "Methods for Removing Fractured Endodontic Instruments in Root Canal : A Brief Systematic Review." MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, June 10, 2021, 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/mdnt2134.
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Introduction: In the scenario of endodontic treatment, fracture of the instrument complicates the endodontic procedure by obstructing debridement, delaying the completion of treatment, and affecting the patient's dental experience. When a file fractures during root canal treatment, several treatment options are available. Fractured endodontic instruments inhibit optimal cleaning and filling of root canals. Objective: To carry out a brief systematic review study to present the main clinical outcomes of different types of techniques for removing fragments of endodontic instruments in root canals. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from November 2020 to January 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, and SCIENCE DIRECT. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 132 articles were found involving the removal of fragments of endodontic instruments. A total of 80 articles were evaluated in full and 30 were included and evaluated in the present study. It has been found that the probability of successful removal of a fractured instrument is reported to range from 53 to 95%, with more than 80% of fractured instruments being removed by the use of ultrasound. Also, long fragments (0.4 mm) can adsorb ultrasonic energy and hinder its loosening. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments with their pseudo-elasticity, especially the newly developed heat-treated NiTi instruments are more ductile and flexible compared to conventional NiTi2. Conclusion: Fractured instruments can be removed by a variety of methods, such as good ultrasonic tips, microtubule devices, and hemostatic pliers/forceps. Removing a fractured file is associated with considerable risk, and therefore the fragment must be circumvented. A cost-benefit analysis of the treatment should be considered before selecting a definitive treatment for the patient.
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Gambarini, G., M. Galli, D. Di Nardo, M. Seracchiani, O. Donfrancesco, and L. Testarelli. "Differences in cyclic fatigue lifespan between two different heat treated NiTi endodontic rotary instruments: WaveOne Gold vs EdgeOne Fire." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2019, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.55839.
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Martins, Suzanny Cristina Soares, Jéssica Dornelas Silva, Ana Cecília Diniz Viana, Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono, and Leandro Arruda Santos. "Effects of Heat Treatment and Design on Mechanical Responses of NiTi Endodontic Instruments: a Finite Element Analysis." Materials Research 23, no. 3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0087.
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Tran, Tan Tai, Thi Quynh Thu Le, and Ha Thuy Nhung Le. "COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYFLEX ROTARY AND HAND – OPERATED&NBSP; INSTRUMENTS IN PREPARING MESIO-BUCCAL ROOT CANALS OF MANDIBULAR PERMANENT FIRST MOLARS." Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, April 2019, 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2019.2.12.
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Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Hyflex rotary and NiTiflex hand-operated instruments in regard to 4 parameters of root canal preparation: the working time, the alteration of canal curvature and working length, obturating efficacy. Materials and methods: A total of 20 mesio-buccal root canals of mandibular first molars were randomly divided into two similar groups. Group 1 root canals were prepared with Hyflex rotary files according to the manufacter’s instructions. Group 2 with NiTi manual instruments in crown-down technique. Based on radiographs taken prior to instrumentation with the initial instruments inserted into the canals, the 2 groups were balanced with respect to the angle of canal curvature and working length. Canals were prepared using a crown - down preparation technique as instructed by the manufacturer. Group 1 was prepared by rotary Hyflex files and group 2 was prepared by NiTiflex hand-operated instruments. The assessment of changes of canal curvature and working length was based on radiographs taken prior and post instrumentation. The time required for canal preparation was recorded for each specimen. Postoperative teeth were examined clinically and radiographically after 1 week and 3 months. Research design was prospective clinical trials, group comparison. Data was statistically analysed using the SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Rotary Hyflex files prepared significantly faster and maintained the original canal curvature better than hand - operated Nitiflex files (p < 0.05). There was no significant differences in maintaining initial working length of two groups (p > 0.05) and both hand NiTiflex and rotary Hyflex instruments showed 1 case of ledge formation for each, 1 NiTiflex file separation and no perforation or apical transportion. Three-month clinical results were equal: in rotary Hyflex group, 90% teeth of successful result, 10% teeth in suspect; in NiTiflex hand-operated group, 80% ratio of successfully- treated teeth, 10% suspect and 10% failing result. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this clinical study, both instruments were safe to use, showed equally efficacy in preparing root canals and endodontic clinical results. However, rotary Hyflex significantly reduced working time and respected original canal curvature better than hand–operated NiTiflex files, with higher treatment cost from 9 to 10 times. Key words: cleaning, shaping, root canals, rotary, canal curvature
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Wijaya, Yunita, Setiawan Natasasmita, and Endang Sukartini. "The difference of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation material contact time of 60 seconds and 30 seconds toward of cleanliness of apical third root canal wall." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 23, no. 3 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol23no3.14030.
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Root canal preparation is one important step in endodontic treatment, involves the cleaning and the shaping of the root canal debris. Root canal cleaning effectiveness depends on the preparation bio-mechanical and irrigation. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the cleanliness of apical third of root canal wall from of debris, with the contact time of 17% EDTA irrigation material for 60 seconds and 30 seconds after root canal preparation using rotary NiTi instruments. This quasi-experimental study was carried out invitro, with random sampling technique. The sample used was 20 central maxillary incisors that have been extracted and divided into two experimental groups of 10 teeth each. The results were analyzed using student t statistics, showed that the average value of the debris of the two groups differed significantly. The contact time of 60 seconds of 17% EDTA showed cleaner root canal than the 30 seconds. The conclusion of this study was there were the differences of the cleanliness of apical third of the root canal with the 60 seconds contact time of 17% EDTA irrigation materials than 30 seconds contact time.