Academic literature on the topic 'Heath, Edward'

A la fin des années soixante, les idées néo-libérales ont suffisamment progressé dans le parti conservateur, pour que le gouvernement, formé en juin 1970 par Edward Heath, affirme vouloir mener une politique de désengagement de l'état de la vie économique. Priorité est également donnée à la lutte contre l'inflation. Près de dix ans plus tard, les conservateurs élus en mai 1979 se fixent les mêmes objectifs. Est-ce à dire que la politique industrielle va disparaitre de la politique économique sous le gouvernement d’Edward Heath et sous ceux de Margaret Thatcher? Non si on conçoit, par politique industrielle, un ensemble de mesures prises par les gouvernements pour influencer souvent indirectement les décisions des entreprises, notamment en matière d'investissement, et qui devrait contribuer à terme, à la réalisation des grands objectifs de la politique économique, tels que la diminution de l'inflation, la réduction du chômage. Dans ces conditions, l'état se donne pour tâche de définir un cadre économique stable au moyen des instruments macroéconomiques traditionnels (politique monétaire et politique budgétaire) et de prendre des mesures du côté de l'offre, pour améliorer la flexibilité des marches et augmenter la concurrence ce qui contribuera à un ajustement plus positif de l'économie. Toutefois, lorsque des problèmes sérieux apparaissent, le gouvernement est souvent contraint d'intervenir pour favoriser l'adaptation structurelle ou prendre en charge les effets néfastes, notamment en termes d'emplois, de cette adaptation<br>At the end of the sixties following the progress of liberal ideas, the conservative government led by Edward Heath decided to disengage the state from industry. Fighting inflation was a prior aim. Ten years later the conservative government that was returned to power in May 1979 had the same objectives. One could wonder whether industrial policy was to disappear from the field of economic policy ? The answer is no if industrial policy means a set of measures taken by governments to influence indirectly the decisions of firms as regard investment in order to bring about in the long term the main objectives of economic policy such as a reduction of inflation and unemployment. In such a context the state has to define a stable economic framework thanks to traditional macro-economic instruments (monetary policy and budgetary policy) and on the supply side to take measures to make markets more flexible and increase competition. This will lead to a more flexible adjustment of the economy

Le cadre chronologique va de l’affaire Soames via le sommet européen de la Haye de 1969, en passant par la réouverture officielle des négociations à l’adhésion et la CEE le 30 juin 1970, à l’adhésion définitive des candidats le 1er janvier 1973. Notre travail s’appuie sur des sources d’archives allemandes, britanniques, françaises et communautaires. La 1e partie traite de la route du triangle Paris-Bonn-Londres vers l’élargissement dans les années 1960. La RFA remplit une fonction de médiateur entre les 2 protagonistes hostiles, la France et la Grande-Bretagne. La 2e partie se focalise sur la diplomatie britannique et des négociations qui se jouent sur plusieurs registres. L’absence de secret à Bruxelles dévalorise par moment le multilatéral et facilite des stratégies de négociations bi- ou trilatérales, qui nécessitent parfois des cartes cachées. Dans la 3e partie, il est question de la préparation minimale des négociations par Bonn et par Paris. Ensuite, entre 1970 et 1972, le couple franco-allemand semble bien en crise, malgré des stratégies de négociation parfois peu claires. La 4e partie essaie d’expliquer la réussite des négociations grâce à l’entente franco-britannique, en particulier le sommet Pompidou-Heath de mai 1971. Une stratégie du secret et de la centralisation des contacts bilatéraux, en contournant le Ministère des affaires étrangères français, s’impose. Mais cette entente est relative, car la renégociation des accords d’adhésion britannique se prépare déjà au sein du gouvernement Heath. Pour conclure, le triangle participe certainement à la réussite des pourparlers, mais celle-ci n’était pas acquise d’avance<br>The chronological frame goes from the Soames affair in 1969, via the European summit of The Hague of 1969, and via the official reopening of the EEC enlargement negotiations on June 30th, 1970, to the definitive accession of Great-Britain to the common market on January 1st, 1973. Our work leans on sources of German, British, French and European Community archives. The 1st part tackles the road of the triangle Paris-Bonn-London towards the widening of the EEC, already starting in the 1960s. The FRG filled a function of mediating between 2 hostile protagonists, France and Great Britain. The 2nd part focuses on the British diplomacy during the negotiations. The lack of secret in Brussels may depreciate the multilateral and facilitate strategies of bi-or trilateral negotiations, which requires hidden cards. In the 3rd part, it is question of the minimal preparation of the negotiations by Bonn and Paris. Then, between 1970 and 1972, the French-German couple seems in a huge crisis, even if their strategies of negotiation are not extremely clear. The 4th part tries to explain the success of the negotiations thanks to the French-British entente, in particular during the Pompidou-Heath summit of May 1971. A strategy of secret diplomacy and of centralization of the bilateral contacts, by by-passing the French Foreign office, seems imperative. But this French-British entente is relative, because the renegotiation of the British membership treaties already gets ready within the Heath government. To conclude, the triangle certainly participates in the success of the negotiations. Nevertheless, its success was not acquired beforehand.

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2011.<br>INTRODUCTION: The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) leads to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS was first identified in the 1980’s and since then has spread globally causing one of the most dreaded pandemics of modern time. The issue of stigma is very important in the battle against HIV/AIDS as it affects attendance at health centres for obtaining ARV and regular medical check-ups, adherence of patients to ARV treatment. The fear of stigma further helps to fuel a culture of secrecy, silence, ignorance, blame, shame and fear of victimization. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine if there was any external stigmatization of HIV positive patients by health care workers (HCWs) at King Edward VIII Hospital. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the knowledge of HCWs regarding HIV/AIDS and its transmission affect the way they supply a service towards HIV positive patients at King Edward VIII Hospital and to determine the comfort level and the attitude of the HCWs in rendering care to a HIV positive patient. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross sectional survey where data was collected using an anonymous selfadministered structured questionnaire with closed ended questions on personal and professional characteristics, disease knowledge, and discriminatory practices such as attitudes and comfort levels towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). A total of three hundred and thirty four HCWs from different units at the King Edward VIII hospital participated in this study. FINDINGS Overall the HCWs have an above average knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its transmission with only 1.8% scoring below average in the knowledge questions regarding HIV and its transmission, although some knowledge gaps were identified regarding occupational exposure risks. Evidently from the results is that HCW with higher levels of education are more knowledgeable on issues relating to HIV/AIDS. The implication is that a HCW with a better education is better equipped with the cognitive knowledge to deal with HIV/AIDS, highlighting iv the importance of education related to external stigmatization. Even though HCWs were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS most still felt uncomfortable in performing some occupational duties on PLWHA like assisting a woman in labour and performing invasive surgical operations. Most of the HCWs showed a positive attitude towards PLWHA believing that they are not to be blamed for their condition but that individuals in the community who are perceived to be promiscuous men or women are the ones responsible for the spread of HIV/AIDS. Procedures like patients being tested without their consent and patients required to do a HIV/AIDS test before surgery that could be perceived as stigmatization have been observed in King Edward VII hospital. Patient confidentiality is also compromised in that gossiping by HCWs about the HIV/AIDS results of patients has been noted. Fortunately a significant number of HCWs are willing to report their colleagues to a higher authority if any form of stigmatization or discrimination towards PLWHA is seen at King Edward VIII Hospital. CONCLUSION Although the knowledge, attitude and comfort of the HCWs at King Edward VIII Hospital was above average continuing medical education and continuing professional development should be mandatory in the management of HIV/AIDS so that HCWs can have the needed knowledge to keep up with the changing world of HIV/AIDS medicine and also about universal precautions to take so as to reduce occupational exposures. Psychological support to the HCW is needed in dealing with PLWHA so that patients can be provided with quality and compassionate care irrespective of their HIV/AIDS status as this will eventually help in the reduction of stigma.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse, on s'intéresse à la dynamique de quelques fluides complexes. D'une part on étudie la dynamique des cristaux liquides nématiques, en utilisant les modèles proposés par Ericksen et Leslie, Beris et Edwards, Qian et Sheng. D'autre part, on analyse un fluide complexe dont la dynamique dépend de la température et qui est modélisée par le système de Boussinesq. Les cristaux liquides sont des matériaux avec une phase de la matière intermédiaire entre les liquides et les solides qui sont des phases plus connues. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à l'étude du problème de Cauchy associé à chaque système modélisant leurs hydrodynamiques. Tout d'abord on obtient des résultats d'existence et d'unicité de solutions faibles ou classiques, solutions qui sont globales en temps. Ensuite, on analyse la propagation de la régularité des données initiales pour ces solutions. Le cadre fonctionnel adopté pour les données initiales est celui des espaces de Besov homogènes, généralisant des classes d'espaces mieux connues : les espaces de Soboloev homogènes et les espaces de Hölder. Le système Ericksen-Leslie est considéré dans la version simplifiée proposée par F. Lin et C. Liu, version qui préserve les principales difficultés du système initial. On étudie ce problème en dimension supérieure ou égale à deux. On considère le système dans le cas inhomogène, c'est-à dire avec une densité variable. De plus, on s'intéresse au cas d'une densité de faible régularité qui est autorisée à présenter des discontinuités. Donc, le résultat que l'on démontre peut être mis en relation avec la dynamique des mélanges de nématiques non miscibles. On démontre l'existence globale en temps de solutions faibles de régularité invariante par changement d'échelle, en supposant une condition de petitesse sur les données initiales dans des espaces de Besov critiques. On démontre aussi l'unicité de ces solutions si de plus on suppose une condition supplémentaire de régularité pour les données initiales. Le système Beris-Edwards est analysé dans le cas bidimensionnel. On obtient l'existence et l'unicité de solutions faibles globales en temps, lorsque les données initiales sont dans des espaces de Sobolev spécifiques (sans condition de petitesse). Le niveau de régularité de ces espaces fonctionnels est adapté pour bien définir les solutions faibles. L'unicité est une question délicate et demande une estimation doublement logarithmique pour une norme sur la différence entre deux solutions dans un espace de Banach convenable. Le lemme d'Osgood permet alors de conclure à l'unicité de la solution. On obtient également un résultat de propagation de régularité d'indice positif. Afin de prendre en compte l'inertie des molécules, on considère aussi le modèle proposé par Qian et Sheng, et on étudie le cas de la dimension supérieure ou égale à deux. Ce système montre une caractéristique structurale spécifique, plus précisément la présence d'un terme inertiel, ce qui génère des difficultés significatives. On démontre l'existence d'une fonctionnelle de Lyapunov et l'existence et l'unicité de solutions classiques globales en temps, en considérant des données initiales petites. Enfin, on analyse le système de Boussinesq et on montre l'existence et l'unicité de solutions globales en temps. On considère la viscosité en fonction de la température en supposant simplement que la température initiale soit bornée, tandis que la vitesse initiale est dans des espaces de Besov avec indice de régularité critique. Les données initiales ont une composante verticale grande et satisfont à une condition de petitesse spécifique sur les composantes horizontales: elles doivent être exponentiellement petites par rapport à la composante verticale<br>The present thesis is devoted to the dynamics of specific complex fluids. On the one hand we studythe dynamics of the so-called nematic liquid crystals, through the models proposed by Ericksen and Leslie, Beris and Edwards, Qian and Sheng.On the other hand we analyze the dynamics of a temperature-dependent complex fluid, whose dynamics is governed by the Boussinesq system.Nematic liquid crystals are materials exhibiting a state of matter between an ordinary fluid and a solid. In this thesis we are interested in studying the Cauchy problem associated to eachsystem modelling their hydrodynamics. At first, we establish some well-posedness results, such asexistence and uniqueness of global-in-time weak or classical solutions. Moreover we also analyzesome dynamical behaviours of these solutions, such as propagations of both higher and lowerregularities.The general framework for the initial data is that of Besov spaces, which extend the most widelyknown classes of Sobolev and Hölder spaces.The Ericksen-Leslie system is studied in a simplified form proposed by F. Lin and C. Liu,which retains the main difficulties of the original one. We consider both a two-dimensional and athree-dimensional space-domain. We assume the density to be no constant, i.e. the inhomogeneouscase, moreover we allow it to present discontinuities along an interface so that we can describe amixture of liquid crystal materials with different densities. We prove the existence of global-in-timeweak solutions under smallness conditions on the initial data in critical homogeneous Besov spaces.These solutions are invariant under the scaling behaviour of the system. We also show that theuniqueness holds under a tiny extra-regularity for the initial data.The Beris-Edwards system is analyzed in a two-dimensional space-domain. We achieve existenceand uniqueness of global-in-time weak solutions when the initial data belongs to specific Sobolevspaces (without any smallness condition). The regularity of these functional spaces is suitable inorder to well define a weak solution. We achieve the uniqueness result through a specific analysis,controlling the norm of the difference between to weak solutions and performing a delicate doublelogarithmicestimate. Then, the uniqueness holds thanks to the Osgood lemma. We also achieve aresult about regularity propagation.The Qian-Sheng model is analyzed in a space-domain with dimension greater or equal than two.In this case, we emphasize some important characteristics of the system, especially the presence ofan inertial term, which generates significant difficulties. We perform the existence of a Lyapunovfunctional and the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions under a smallness condition forthe initial data.Finally we deal with the well-posedness of the Boussinesq system. We prove the existence ofglobal-in-time weak solutions when the space-domain has a dimension greater or equal than two.We deal with the case of a viscosity dependent on the temperature. The initial temperature is justsupposed to be bounded, while the initial velocity belongs to some critical Besov Space. The initialdata have a large vertical component while the horizontal components fulfil a specific smallnessconditions: they are exponentially smaller than the vertical component

Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.<br>B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Legal Studies

Defence date: 19 September 2007<br>Examining board: Prof. Pascaline Winand, E(UI) ; Doctor Piers Ludlow, (London School of Economics and Politics) ; Prof. Arfon Rees, (EUI) ; Prof. Beatrice Heuser, (Universität der Bundeswehr München/University of Reading)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>This is a study of the consequences for the Anglo-American special relationship of Heath’s attempt to place Britain at the centre of the EC. British accession to the EC is widely regarded as the chief accomplishment of the Heath Government, although the positive influence of membership are issues which are still debated. In contrast, contemporary Anglo-American relations, during the stewardship of Prime Minister Edward Heath and President Richard Nixon, are described as either inconsequential or as bewildering. The conventional interpretation of the Nixon-Heath years is that Heath pursued a European objective for Britain and that he was indifferent with regard to the special relationship.

The purpose of health service research is to produce knowledge that will contribute to the improvement in the delivery of health care and it is in this spirit that this study of the quality of paediatric care at King Edward VIII Hospital was undertaken. The main method utilized was an evaluation of aspects of the process of care of selected conditions, as measured against a predefined set of standards. This was accomplished by a retrospective review of patient records. Assessments were also made of the utilization of the Department's services, manpower and equipment. The surveys conducted involved the Outpatient's Department, the General and the Neonatal Wards of the Paediatric Department of the King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. The Hospital Administration's routine and computerized data were also analyzed. Among the findings was that the routinely collected data is inadequate,providing only limited information for management purposes. The assertion that the utilization of the Department is high was confirmed, as was the claim that some resources are inadequate to cope with increasing demand. Many factors contribute to this, including high bed occupancy, high patient to doctor ratios, and several factors outside of direct hospital control (primary care services). The general clinical care of patients is high, but particular aspects were found to be in need of attention; for example, the metabolic and fluid management of the ill young patient and medical records in general. Immediate and long-term recommendations pertaining to the Paediatric Department and the Administration are presented.

Psychiatric morbidity in the postpartum period has been a subject of research for years that has been plagued by much controversy. Most of the studies have come from Western countries. Studies that were done in Africa have concentrated on psychotic disorders in in-patients. A pilot study done by Cheetham et al (1981) at King Edward VIII Hospital found a high incidence of 'transient situational disturbances', which required further investigation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To document the spectrum of psychiatric morbidity in an out-patient population of postpartum Zulu women; 2. To define predictive factors which would identify women 'at risk'; 3. To assess the feasibility of 'Western' screening instruments; 4. To investigate whether 'postpartum blues' occurs in Zulu women. RESEARCH DESIGN A prospective, descriptive study was undertaken. Sample Selection: 177 postpartum Zulu women attending the ' Well-Baby' Clinic at King Edward VIII Hospital were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. Methodology: Three questionnaires: The General Health Questionnaire- 30, Pitt's Questionnaire of Anxiety and Depression and The Kennerley Blues Questionnaire were administered to the subjects. A Structured Clinical Interview DSM-III (SCID) was conducted in those women with symptoms. FINDINGS: 1. The majority of the sample were between the ages of 20 and 30 years, unmarried, with a Senior Primary education and a baby of 20 weeks. 2. 45.76% of the sample had a psychiatric diagnosis, with 18.07% having major depression. Other disorders included: adjustment disorders, schizophrenia and dysthymia. 3. Significant variables using Chi-square analysis were: inadequate antenatal care, a negative response from the partner and the absence of cultural rituals. No association was found with demographic and obstetric variables. 4. T-test analysis showed a correlation between the questionnaires and the SCID. 5. 37.3% had experienced 'postpartum blues'. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The spectrum of psychiatric morbidity is affective in nature and similar to other studies. 2. 'Postpartum blues' does occur in Zulu women. 3. Antenatal screening with 'Western' instruments could reduce psychiatric morbidity. 4. The nomenclature of puerperal disorders is inadequate and needs review. 5. More prospective, community-based research is needed, especially in rural Zulu women.<br>Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1992.