Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heather

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Heather'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Heather"

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Manninen, Outi, and Rainer Peltola. "Recovery of heather (Calluna vulgaris) flowering in northern Finland." Open Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0212.

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Abstract Heather is a slow-growing evergreen shrub, commonly found in moorlands and heaths of high nature conservation value. Heather-dominated areas are used as livestock pasture, and the flowers of heather are harvested also for the natural product industry. Classical studies have focused on the recovery of shoot biomass of heather, while the recovery of flowering after grazing or harvesting has received less attention. In this study, we examined the recovery of heather flowering in one harvesting experiment and two observational areas in northern Finland. The flowers of heather were collected manually by clipping the flowering shoots or stripping the flowers from the shoots or by machine harvesting. We counted the number of short shoots (SS), nonflowering long shoots (NFLS), and flowering long shoots (FLS) after harvesting. We also measured the length of FLS and counted the flowers they produced. Heathers started to recover by producing new short shoots, while the recovery of flowering was slow, and only in one out of the three areas, flowering recovered totally during our study. Our results suggest that the recovery was dependent on the age of heather or individual site characteristics rather than on the harvesting method. Because flowering is one of the most important stages of successful reproduction, which affects the long-term existence of heather-dominated ecosystems, the results of our study can contribute to new guidelines for management practices in heathlands. However, longer-term experiments on the rate of flowering recovery are needed especially if rotational cutting is favored as a management practice in heathlands in the future.
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Barthelme, Donald. "Heather." Hopkins Review 1, no. 1 (2008): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/thr.2008.0011.

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Wachsler, Sharon. "Heather." Harrington Lesbian Fiction Quarterly 4, no. 4 (2003): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j161v04n04_08.

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Sorrentino, Christopher. "Heather." Baffler 14 (April 11, 2001): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/bflr.2001.14.57.

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Magill, M. K. "Heather." Archives of Family Medicine 9, no. 4 (2000): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.9.4.392.

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Martinez-Gros, Gabriel. "Heather Sharkey." Revue de l'histoire des religions, no. 235 (September 1, 2018): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9129.

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Allen, D. "Heather Elliott." BMJ 326, no. 7380 (2003): 107f—107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7380.107/f.

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Not Available, Not Available. "Heather Joshi." Journal of Population Economics 11, no. 2 (1998): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050062.

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Holman, Andrew. "Heather Honour." British Journal of Learning Disabilities 36, no. 1 (2008): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2007.00487.x.

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Flaherty, Kate. "Heather, 1984." Ploughshares 38, no. 4 (2012): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2012.0134.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heather"

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Davies, Gwilym Matthew. "Fire behaviour and impact on heather moorland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2609.

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For roughly the past 200 years land-managers have used the practice of “muirburning” to manipulate the structure of heather (Calluna vulgaris) to create a patchwork of habitat structures able to provide forage and nesting sites for red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) as well as grazing for sheep (Ovis aries) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). This thesis investigates both the behaviour and impact of management fires in recognition of the need to develop multi-aim land management practices that ensure both continued productivity and protection of biodiversity in the face of climatic and environmental change. Fuel structure and loading are crucial controlling factors on both fire behaviour and impact governing both rate of spread and heat release to the ground surface. A visual obstruction method is developed that estimates total and fine fuel loading as well as the structure of the heather canopy. In order to adequately understand fire impact a dimensional analysis approach is taken to estimating the mass of burnt heather stems. Experiments at a number of spatial and temporal scales relate variation in heather fuel moisture content to stand structure and variation in weather conditions. Monitoring shows moisture contents to be relatively stable temporally, but spatially variable. Periods of extreme low moisture contents in early spring are associated with frozen ground, winter cuticle damage and physiological drought. Such conditions may have contributed to the large number of wildfires in 2003. A replicated plot design was used to investigate the effect of weather conditions and fuel loading on fire behaviour. An empirical approach is taken to fire behaviour modelling with equations describing rate of spread and fireline intensity being developed on the basis of fuel structure descriptors and windspeed. The theoretical negative correlation between fuel bed density and rate of spread is demonstrated to hold true for heather stands, while the impact of heterogeneity in fuel bed structure is also investigated. Redundancy Analysis is used to investigate the influence of multiple predictors on a number of aspects of fire behaviour including: rate of spread, fireline intensity, flame length and ground surface heating. Data from this and previous studies are used to ground-truth a number of fire behaviour prediction systems including BehavePlus and the Canadian Fire Behaviour Prediction System. Finally linkages between fire behaviour, fire severity and heather regeneration are investigated. A number of proxy measures of ‘Immediate Severity’ are tested and used to examine the influence of fires on plant regeneration. The post-fire development of stands is shown to relate primarily to stand age and structure before burning, and to post-fire substrates rather than variation in fire behaviour and severity.
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Dutton, Kirsty Jean. "Flowering and growth of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull cultivars." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387218.

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This thesis reports a study of the flowering response of heather, <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (L.) Hull and of experimental procedures designed to modify the time of onset of that process, with particular reference to year-round production of the flowering plant, in line with recent expansion in the European and British pot plant industries. Microscopic apical examinations were employed throughout to identify and monitor development of floral primordia. Research concentrated on flowering responses to photoperiodic stimuli, provided by various lighting regimes, including fluorescent and tungsten sources, differing in spectral composition and irradiance intensities. <i>Calluna</i> clearly required long day lighting for both floral initiation and development. This response was shown to be influenced by temperature conditions, with higher temperatures promoting flowering. Various changing-temperature regimes were also investigated. Reduced-temperature storage of plants with floral buds was successfully employed as a method of delaying flowering time. Influences of cultivar and seasonal flowering type were also investigated. Results indicated that seasonal flowering sequences were maintained under artificial lighting conditions; so that later flowering types required longer periods of lighting. Evidence suggested a cultivar-dependent sensitivity to irradiance intensity. This information was incorporated in an evaluation of costs incurred during photoperiodic induction, and from this an economic protocol for production of flowering <i>Calluna</i> was compiled; commercial viability being an integral part of the overall study. The minimum plant size capable of floral induction was investigated and related to different modes of propagation; in both macro- and micro-propagated plants flowering occurred soon after root development. Seedlings, however, had to pass through a juvenile phase. The limited micropropagation study revealed that adventitious shoot production involved transitory tissue rejuvenation.
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Edmondson, Jill Louise. "Nitrogen pollution and the ecology of heather moorland." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434885.

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Heather moorlands are of great ecological value and as such are recognised as internationally important habitats. A large proportion of European heather moorland is concentrated within the UK, covering approximately 2-3 million ha" of the UK upland environment. Enhanced levels of N pollution have led to concerns about the eutrophication of many natural and semi-natural ecosystems in the UK, including heather moorland. This study aimed to investigate the response of a moorland ecosystem to artificially enhanced N deposition and the interaction of P with increasing N input. A further aim was to investigate the potential for moorland ecosystem recovery from enhanced N deposition. The research presented within this thesis was part of an ongoing long-term N manipulation experiment established in 1989 on a heather moorland in Wales. This study focussed on a N manipulation experiment established at the site in 1998, where N was added at treatment levels of 0, 10,20,40 and 120kg ha" yr". In addition to this there were Nand P combination treatments, with P added at a rate of 20kg ha" yr". A N recovery experiment was established on the 1998 experimental plots, whereby treatment with N to one half of each plot ceased in 2003, in order to investigate potential for recovery from enhanced N deposition. Cal/una vulgaris growth was stimulated by increasing total N input as was the foliar N concentration. The stimulation of C. vulgaris growth indicates that this species was N limited at ambient levels of deposition. Bryophyte and lichen frequency and cover and bryophyte species diversity were significantly reduced by artificially enhanced N deposition. The foliar N concentration of the dominant moss species Hypnum jutlandicum was elevated with increasing N input. Peat and litter nutrient levels also responded positively to N input, with significant increases in N concentration and exchangeable N. The increase in exchangeable N with N addition demonstrates the increase in bio-available N with enhanced N deposition in moorland ecosystems. The P acquiring enzyme phosphatase and the lignin degrading enzyme phenol oxidase showed no consistent response to N input. The different components within the moorland ecosystem showed varying levels of N, P or N and P co-limitation. The dominant plant species C. vulgaris was clearly N limited at ambient levels of N deposition, as indicated by significant growth stimulation and foliar N accumulation with increased N input. However, P addition did cause a positive growth response in this species, albeit weaker than the response to N input, suggesting a certain degree of Nand P co-limitation. The bryophyte and lichen community were clearly P limited, with P addition significantly increasing bryophyte and lichen frequency and species diversity. Soil microorganisms also displayed some evidence of P limitation as the addition of P, even at ambient N deposition, significantly reduced the activity of phosphatase. The moorland showed little evidence of recovery 2 years after N treatment had ceased. However, there was a significant reduction in litter exchangeable NH4, C. vulgaris total foliar N concentration and C. vulgaris shoot extension. Liverwort cover had increased in those plots where N treatment had ceased. The data from the N recovery experiment suggests that although there was some evidence of recovery, the legacy of N deposition to the experiment may persist for some time. A regional survey in 2005 of moorland sites in Scotland, Wales and the Peak District, was used to investigate whether any of the responses to artificially enhanced N deposition at the N manipulation experiment could be used as bio-indicators of N deposition at a regional scale. Of the bio-indicators tested, litter exchangeable Nand C. vulgaris N:P ratio showed a significant positive association with modelled N deposition. A significant negative association was observed between litter phenol oxidase activity, bryophyte species richness and N deposition. Litter total N concentration and phosphatase activity and C. vulgaris and H. jutlandicum total foliar N concentration did not have a significant association with N deposition. The potential bio-indicators identified are from varying components of the moorland ecosystem (i.e. soil system, bryophytes and C. vulgaris) and consequently may not only provide an indication of ecosystem N status but also overall moorland health in response to varying levels of N deposition.
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Herbert, Nick. "The mineral nutrition of heather on calcareous soil." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285878.

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Ericaceous plants grow preferentially on soils with a low pH, and generally perform poorly in areas with high pH calcareous soils. The reasons for the calcifuge behaviour of species of one genus, Erica, was studied in a calcareous rendzina collected from the South Downs, with a view to identifying physiological characteristics which could be used to select for improved lime-tolerance in the Ericaceae. Varieties of E. carnea and E. x darleyensis were shown to be relatively resistant to chalk-soil compared with varieties of E. vagans. In soil-based screening experiments, E. vagans 'Lyonesse' and 'Mrs D. F. Maxwell' rapidly developed severe foliar chlorosis, or lime-induced chlorosis, and their growth in soil was depressed by up to 7-fold compared with plants in an acid (pH 4) peat compost. E. carnea and E. x darleyensis varieties were resistant to chlorosis and remained green in chalk soil. The addition of nutrients (NPK and trace elements) increased the growth of the lime-resistant varieties in both peat and chalk soil. In nutrient solution, the source of nitrogen (nitrate or ammonium ions) had little effect on the growth of either lime-resistant or lime-sensitive varieties, although some varieties performed better when a component of the N was in the form of N03'. In an Fe-free nutrient solution, 1 mM NaHCO3 markedly reduced the root and shoot growth of both lime-tolerant and sensitive varieties. The clear differences between lime-resistant and lime-sensitive varieties found in soil experiments were not apparent with NaHCO3 in solution culture indicating that low concentrations of bicarbonate in nutrient solution may not be an appropriate method of screening for improved lime-tolerance in Erica. Bicarbonate and high pH in nutrient solution depressed the uptake of the radioisotopes 59Fe and 86Rb in both lime-resistant and lime-sensitive cultivars. Iron deficiency, induced by withholding Fe in nutrient solution, resulted in an elevated rate of root Fe(III)EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) reduction compared with Fesufficient plants. The maximum induced Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate (Vn,. ) of limeresistant cultivars (0.96-0.107 pmol. g"' FWT. h'') was lower than that of lime-sensitive varieties (0.125-0.404 tmol. g' FWT. h-1), suggesting that roots of lime-sensitive varieties have a greater capacity for Fe absorption than lime-tolerant varieties. Spraying or watering with Fe chelate (FeEDDHA - ethylenediamine di(ohydroxyphenylacetic acid)) remedied chlorosis in the lime-sensitive varieties and increased leaf chlorophyll by up to six fold and whole plant biomass by up to two fold. Chlorosis was associated with a reduced concentration of o-phenanthroline-extractable ('active') Fe, and a high concentration of total Fe, compared with green tissue. It is concluded that in chalk soil, lime-induced chlorosis, caused by the immobilisation of Fe in the shoot and a reduction in 'physiologically active' Fe in the leaf tissue, characterises lime-sensitive heather varieties. Resistance to chalk soil in Erica appears not to be related to root physiology. Rather the ability to transport and distribute Fe within the shoot under calcareous conditions is a major factor contributing to limeresistance in heathers.
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Palmer, Stephen Charles Frederick. "The utilisation of heather moorland by red grouse." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083135.

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The utilisation of heather moorland by red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus was studied with particular emphasis on the influences of vegetation structure on grouse behaviour at a series of spatial scales, from the choice of location within individual heather stands up to the composition and alignment of territories on the moor. A novel method of measurement and multivariate statistical analysis was developed for quantifying the structure of vegetation dominated by ling heather Calluna vulgaris. The method was assessed in relation to existing subjective classifications. The method revealed that gaps in the canopy of tall heather were utilised by grouse during the daytime in winter. The manner in which grouse exploit the vegetation types available in their territories was determined by radio-tracking a population on a managed grouse moor in north-east Scotland over the course of two years. During autumn and winter, territorial grouse showed a preference for tall heather relative to its availability. In spring, a greater use was made of heterogeneous mixtures of heather and graminoids during the daytime, and, to some extent, of shorter heather during the intensive feeding periods at dawn and dusk. Hens showed a very strong affinity for edge between heather stands in spring, but spent more time on the side offering the greater cover. Broods tended to range in areas with more old heather and more edge than generally available, but within their ranges, they clearly preferred heterogeneous areas. The relationships between vegetation patterns, the composition of territories and the alignment of territory boundaries were investigated using fifteen years' historical data. The relationships varied considerably between years. When the population was declining, heather edge was distributed evenly between territories, but it was distributed unevenly during population increase. In general, territory alignment showed a greater association with vegetation edges than with particular types of vegetation.
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Ramsay, Amanda J. "Early changes in soil under birch and heather." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU548639.

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Heather plants were established, by Dr. John Miles, in gaps created in existing birch stands in 1979 at Craggan (NJ190322) and birch trees planted in heather moorland during 1977-1980 at Delnalyne (NJ189175). This study attempts to identify the processes leading to differential soil development beneath the two contrasting vegetation types over the period 1985-88 i.e. c 6 years after establishment. Field work involved the chemical analysis of soil solution and estimates of microbial biomass and basal respiration rates under birch and heather at both sites. Laboratory-based experiments were conducted to investigate the trends observed in the field. Major changes in soil processes were attributed to rapid growth and therefore nutrient uptake by the transplanted species. However, some of the changes due to birch trees, which were observed during studies of birch chronosequences by Miles &'38 Young (1980) and Miles (1981) can be attributed to high nutrient inputs in throughfall and litter under birch, which affect abiotic processes and stimulate microbial activity and nutrient transformation rates. Root inputs also influenced biological processes.
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Uren, Sally Clare. "The effects of wet and dry deposited ammonia on Calluna vulgaris." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8895.

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O'Connor, Clémence. "'Pour garder l'impossible intact' : the poetry of Heather Dohollau." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/791.

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Kirby, Deborah Katharine. "An ecological economic approach to upland heather moorland management." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341856.

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Hill, Heather Lorraine. "Connecting to self, community, and the environment: Energy conservation and well-being in households with low income." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122957/1/Heather%20Lorraine_Hill_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis advances knowledge in the household energy conservation field by developing a transdisciplinary, systematic program that improves the well-being and conservation levels of households with low-income. Drawing on proven and recognised principles from self-determination theory and psychology this thesis conducted three studies. It examines therapeutic approaches that enhance well-being and facilitate change, and suggestions for an effective energy conservation program. Next, Brisbane renters with low-income intrinsic motivations, energy conservation program suggestions, and overall needs, values, and life satisfaction are evaluated in order to create applied solutions for NGOs, governments, and HCI and psychological fields.
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Books on the topic "Heather"

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Thesman, Jean. Heather. Avon Books, 1990.

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Smith, Debra White. Heather. Harvest House Publishers, 2007.

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Byers, Cordia. Heather. Ballantine Books, 1989.

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Leverich, Kathleen. Heather. HarperTrophy, 1997.

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Society, Heather, ed. The Heather Society's guide to Everyone can grow heathers!: An introduction to heather gardening. Heather Society, 2000.

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Underhill, Terry. Heaths & heathers: The grower's encyclopedia. David & Charles, 1990.

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James, Scotney St. Heather mist. Zebra Books, 1993.

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McGill, Heather. Heather McGill. Telos, 2005.

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George, MacDonald. Heather & snow. Victor Books, 1987.

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Waters, Erica-Jane. Heather Honeybee. Sandy Creek, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heather"

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Steimle, Josh. "Heather Zynczak." In Chief Marketing Officers at Work. Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1931-7_2.

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Smith, Claire, and Jessica Lowther. "Burke, Heather." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_330.

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Thomas, Evan. "Heather Fleming." In The Global Engineers. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50263-8_4.

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Smith, Claire, and Jessica Lowther. "Burke, Heather." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_330-2.

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Lumb, Jessica, and Claire Smith. "Burke, Heather." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_330.

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Frazier, DuEwa M. "Heather Thaxter." In Introduction to Afrofuturism. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032662473-23.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Heather Yarn." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5841.

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Ooi Keat Gin and Victor T. King. "SUTHERLAND, Heather [Amanda]." In Handbook of Southeast Asian Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7276-0_23-2.

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Ooi, Keat Gin, and Victor T. King. "SUTHERLAND, Heather [Amanda]." In Handbook of Southeast Asian Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7276-0_23-1.

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Stein, Eckart, and Anette Pankratz. "Martyn, Edward: The Heather Field." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_14272-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heather"

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Kim, Jong Ryul, Heijun Jeong, and Tingyi Gu. "On-chip meta-lens based Adaptive Integrated Photonic Imager." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sm2l.2.

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Roy, Shekhar, Q. M. Amir, S. P. Dubey, P. Deshmukh, and A. K. Lahiri. "Service Induced Damage Assessment of Reformer Feed Heater Tubes in Continuous Catalyst Reforming Unit (CCRU)." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10347.

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Abstract Substantial loss in tube wall thickness from the inside was observed in the first heater which is also called the charge heater. The tubes were 5 Cr 0.5 Mo and the thinning was primarily in the outlet end. Subsequently, six months later, pinhole leakage occurred in the same heater causing shutdown of the unit. Heater tube samples were collected from all three heaters and confirmed carburization of tubes after studies. The carburization mechanism has been experienced for the first time in Continuous Catalytic Reformer Unit (CCRU) of a petroleum refinery in India. Investigation carried out showed failure due to carburization, the extent of which was found to be negligible at the inlet end and progressively increasing to full wall carburization towards the outlet end. This was observed in all the three heaters but the maximum effect was in charge heater. The cause of heavy carburization mainly at the outlet end has been attributed to increased throughput, higher tube temperature, and cracking of Tri-chloro Ethylene (TCE) and hydrocarbon. The active carbon formed as a result of cracking diffuses readily in steel at high temperature causing carburization of the tubes and subsequent failure. Low sulfur in the feed also contributed to this carburization.
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Sheets, Dmitri C., J. F. Brown, and James R. Hudspeth. "Investigation into Cathodic Protection Design for Water Heaters." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89287.

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Abstract The cathodic protection of a domestic water heater is investigated using two magnesium and two aluminum sacrificial alloys. A large range of conductivities and temperatures are investigated. A "most effective" anode material may be chosen for each water condition from the measured corrosion current and tank potential. A water heater is shown to be a well-behaved system of potential, current, conductivity, and temperature; however, some fundamental variables are not yet defined. A foundation is laid for future investigations into the necessary and sufficient conditions for cathodic protection of water heaters.
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Mack, N. C., and L. C. Kaley. "Reliability Program for Fired Heaters." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90201.

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Abstract The ongoing reliability program for fired heaters at a major refinery has reduced unscheduled downtime from heater failures by 75%. This has been achieved by upgrading the operation, fabrication, and design of fired heaters. The program consists of engineered guidelines for operations, periodic infrared monitoring and improvements based on failure analyses. Some of the improvements have been better quality control of cast supports, proper flue gas monitoring and thermal stabilization of stainless steel tubes. Further reductions in unscheduled downtime and optimized operations are expected from better tube life assessments.
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Al Arada, Muased, Mutlaq M. AL-Enezi, Sunil V. Vipat, and Anil Kumar Ray. "Erosion of Austenitic Stainless Steel 90° Elbows of Charge Heater Tubes in Atmospheric Residue De-Sulfurization Unit (ARDS)." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10350.

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Abstract Charge heater radiant and convection coils (tubes, U-bends &amp; 90° radiant outlet elbows) in Atmospheric Desulfurization Unit (ARDS) of Mina Abdulla Refinery are made up of TP 347SS material. Charge heater is used for heating of atmospheric residue prior to entering into ARDS reactors for further desulfurization / de-metallization. Severe erosion and thinning was observed in the 90° radiation elbows during Year 2002 shutdown after a service life of about 12 Years. Erosion was noticed in charge heaters H-12-101 &amp; H-12-201 in both ARDS Trains. These radiation 90° elbows are outside the charge heater firebox upstream of the heater outlet header. This particular erosion phenomenon was restricted to a small area of the 90° elbows and resembled a sharp knife-like attack at the point of maximum damage. The most probable reasons for such severe erosion was the impingement of coke particles at the outer radius during online spalling and steam/air decoking operation during which velocities of steam/air may reach a very high magnitude. The high velocity steam/air stream carrying coke particles causes a bullet like impact on the point of incidence and the metal thereof is removed causing erosion.
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Elliott-Famularo, Heather. "Heather Elliott-Famularo." In the ACM SIGGRAPH 05 electronic art and animation catalog. ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1086057.1086084.

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Freeman, Heather. "Heather D. Freeman." In the ACM SIGGRAPH 05 electronic art and animation catalog. ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1086057.1086088.

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Miller, James A. "Heather Field Re-Evaluation." In International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22340-ms.

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Hustoft, R., and R. Gamblin. "Preparing for Decommissioning of the Heather Field." In Offshore Europe. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/30372-ms.

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Nanlin Jin. "Genetic Algorithm-based ecosystem for heather management." In 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631242.

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Reports on the topic "Heather"

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Pedersen, Charlotte, Roseline Remans, Heather Zornetzer, et al. Project DISRUPT: Game-Changing Innovations for Healthy on a Healthy Planet. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36072/wp.15.

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Adair, Carol, Heather Darby, Tyler Goeschel, Lindsay Barbieri, and Alissa White. Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Promising Tillage and Manure Application Practices at Borderview Farm. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6957453.ch.

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Abstract:
A research team at UVM, led by Dr. Carol Adair and Dr. Heather Darby, is evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of four different tillage approaches (conventional, strip, vertical, and no till) and two different methods of manure application (broadcast and injection). The goal is to determine the practices best suited for reducing greenhouse gas emission, improving carbon storage and limiting nitrogen losses. The team measures carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from the treatments every two weeks or more frequently after events (large rainfall, manure application) using a measuring device called photoacoustic multigas monitor.
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Skone, Timothy J. Heater treater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509388.

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Guyer, Eric C., and Karl G. Coumou. Multipurpose Water Heater. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361559.

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Tom Briselden, Chris Parrish. Advanced Process Heater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850298.

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Horn, D. D., III Bruce, Felderman W. E., Beitel E. J., and G. R. Arc Heater Manifold Evaluation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada309504.

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Mills, Melissa Marie, Kristopher L. Kuhlman, Edward N. Matteo, et al. Salt Heater Test (FY19). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1559568.

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Mills, Melissa, Kristopher Kuhlman, Edward Matteo, et al. Salt Heater Test (FY19). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1763224.

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Boudreaux, Philip R., Jeffrey D. Munk, Roderick K. Jackson, Anthony C. Gehl, April E. Parkison, and James J. Nutaro. Improving Heat Pump Water Heater Effeciency by Avoiding Electric Resistance Heater Use. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342655.

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Jaskierny, W. Energy discharge heater power supply. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10135286.

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