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Journal articles on the topic 'Heather; Ecosystems; Calluna vulgaris'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Manninen, Outi, and Rainer Peltola. "Recovery of heather (Calluna vulgaris) flowering in northern Finland." Open Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0212.

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Abstract Heather is a slow-growing evergreen shrub, commonly found in moorlands and heaths of high nature conservation value. Heather-dominated areas are used as livestock pasture, and the flowers of heather are harvested also for the natural product industry. Classical studies have focused on the recovery of shoot biomass of heather, while the recovery of flowering after grazing or harvesting has received less attention. In this study, we examined the recovery of heather flowering in one harvesting experiment and two observational areas in northern Finland. The flowers of heather were collect

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2

Effah, Evans, D. Paul Barrett, Paul G. Peterson, et al. "Natural Variation in Volatile Emissions of the Invasive Weed Calluna vulgaris in New Zealand." Plants 9, no. 2 (2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020283.

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Invasive plants pose a threat to natural ecosystems, changing the community composition and ecological dynamics. One aspect that has received little attention is the production and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by invasive plants. Investigating VOCs is important because they are involved in vital ecological interactions such as pollination, herbivory and plant competition. Heather, Calluna vulgaris, is a major invasive weed in New Zealand, especially on the Central Plateau, where it has spread rapidly since its introduction in 1912, outcompeting native species. However, the che

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3

Lunt, Paul, Jakob Leigh, Samantha McNeil, and Malcolm Gibb. "Using Dartmoor ponies in conservation grazing to reduce Molinia caerulea dominance and encourage germination of Calluna vulgaris in heathland vegetation on Dartmoor, UK." Conservation Evidence Journal 18 (January 1, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52201/cej18svsr7750.

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The increasing dominance of purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea in heathland ecosystems in the UK is of growing concern due to its detrimental impact on plant and animal diversity on sites of nature conservation interest. The use of free-ranging ponies to reduce Molinia dominance was investigated from 2017 to 2019 within a 425 ha site on Dartmoor, UK. Salt blocks were used to attract the ponies to a Molinia-dominated area of heath within the site, away from their previously-preferred grazing areas. The impact of pony grazing was assessed by measurements of vegetation structure and plant species

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4

Li, Tao, Päivi Tiiva, Åsmund Rinnan, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Anders Michelsen, and Riikka Rinnan. "Long-term effects of elevated CO2, nighttime warming and drought on plant secondary metabolites in a temperate heath ecosystem." Annals of Botany 125, no. 7 (2020): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa037.

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Abstract Background and Aims Plant secondary metabolites play critical roles in plant stress tolerance and adaptation, and are known to be influenced by the environment and climate changes, yet the impacts and interactions of multiple climate change components are poorly understood, particularly under natural conditions. Methods Accumulation of phenolics and emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed on heather, Calluna vulgaris, an abundant evergreen dwarf shrub in European heathlands, after 6 years of exposure to elevated CO2, summer drought and nighttime warming. Key Resul

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5

Farage, Peter, Andrew Ball, Terry J. McGenity, Corinne Whitby, and Jules Pretty. "Burning management and carbon sequestration of upland heather moorland in the UK." Soil Research 47, no. 4 (2009): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08095.

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The use of fire in land management has come under increasing scrutiny with regard to its potential effects on sustainability and climate change. Moorlands in the United Kingdom have traditionally used rotational burning of the heather (Calluna vulgaris) to improve the grazing and habitat, especially for grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus). However, these ecosystems overlie carbon-rich soils and concerns have been raised about the merits of this practice. In order to assess the impact of rotational burning on carbon balance, an investigation was undertaken on a grouse moor in the Yorkshire Dales,

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Whitehead, Siân C., and David Baines. "Moorland vegetation responses following prescribed burning on blanket peat." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 10 (2018): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18019.

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Moorlands provide several key ecosystem services, as well as supporting shooting of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica Latham). Prescribed burning of heather is an integral aspect of grouse-moor management but is sometimes presented as ecologically damaging. However, a long-term burning experiment at Moor House National Nature Reserve, North Pennines, northern England, showed that more frequent burning actually increased the cover of peat-building species such as Sphagnum mosses and cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum L.). Here we compare those findings with data from another deep-peat site in

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7

Behrend, A., A. Gluschak, A. Przybyla, and A. Hohe. "Interploid crosses in heather (Calluna vulgaris)." Scientia Horticulturae 181 (January 2015): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.11.005.

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8

Przybyla, Annett, Anne Behrend, Christian Bornhake, and Annette Hohe. "Breeding of polyploid heather (Calluna vulgaris)." Euphytica 199, no. 3 (2014): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1117-1.

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9

Rendell, S., and R. A. Ennos. "Chloroplast DNA diversity in Calluna vulgaris (heather) populations in Europe." Molecular Ecology 11, no. 1 (2002): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01413.x.

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10

Effah, Evans, D. Paul Barrett, Paul G. Peterson, et al. "Herbivory and Attenuated UV Radiation Affect Volatile Emissions of the Invasive Weed Calluna vulgaris." Molecules 25, no. 14 (2020): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143200.

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Calluna vulgaris (heather) is an aggressive invasive weed on the Central Plateau, North Is., New Zealand (NZ), where it encounters different environmental factors compared to its native range in Europe, such as high ultraviolet radiation (UV) and a lack of specialist herbivores. The specialist herbivore Lochmaea suturalis (heather beetle) was introduced from the United Kingdom (UK) in 1996 as a biocontrol agent to manage this invasive weed. Like other plant invaders, a novel environment may be challenging for heather as it adjusts to its new conditions. This process of “adjustment” involves mo

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11

Syrett, P., L. A. Smith, T. C. Bourner, S. V. Fowler, and A. Wilcox. "A European pest to control a New Zealand weed: investigating the safety of heather beetle, Lochmaea suturalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for biological control of heather, Calluna vulgaris." Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, no. 2 (2000): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300000286.

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Heather, Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, is a serious invasive weed in the central North Island of New Zealand, especially in Tongariro National Park, a World Heritage Area. Heather beetle, Lochmaea suturalis (Thomson), is a foliage-feeding pest of Calluna in Europe, that was selected as the most promising biological control agent for introduction into New Zealand, because it causes high levels of damage to Calluna in Europe. Host-range tests indicated that L. suturalisposes a negligible threat to native New Zealand plants. Cultivars of Callunagrown as ornamentals are suitable food plants, but are

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12

Guyot, Christine, Vincent Scheirman, and Sonia Collin. "Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea." Food Chemistry 64, no. 1 (1999): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00122-8.

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13

Monschein, M., J. Iglesias Neira, O. Kunert, and F. Bucar. "Phytochemistry of heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) and its altitudinal alteration." Phytochemistry Reviews 9, no. 2 (2009): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-009-9153-5.

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14

Worrall, Fred, and Gareth D. Clay. "The potential use of heather, Calluna vulgaris, as a bioenergy crop." Biomass and Bioenergy 64 (May 2014): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.007.

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15

Peterson, P. G., S. V. Fowler, and P. Barrett. "Is the poor establishment and performance of heather beetle in Tongariro National Park due to the impact of parasitoids predators or disease." New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (August 1, 2004): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6977.

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Heather beetle (Lochmaea suturalis) introduced in 1996 into Tongariro National Park New Zealand to control heather (Calluna vulgaris) has established poorly and only damaged heather at one site This work investigated whether natural enemies could be reducing heather beetle establishment and impact No egg larval or adult parasitism was found Possible egg predation by a carabid beetle larvae and occasional attacks on larvae by the native pentatomid (Cermatulus nasalis) were observed in the field Neither the microsporidian pathogen discovered in some beetles imported from the United Kingdom nor a

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16

Szakiel, Anna, Bartosz Niżyński, and Cezary Pączkowski. "Triterpenoid profile of flower and leaf cuticular waxes of heather Calluna vulgaris." Natural Product Research 27, no. 15 (2012): 1404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.742083.

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17

Kerslake, J. E., L. E. B. Kruuk, S. E. Hartley, and S. J. Woodin. "Winter moth (Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)) outbreaks on Scottish heather moorlands: effects of host plant and parasitoids on larval survival and development." Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, no. 2 (1996): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300052391.

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AbstractOutbreaks of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), have recently become widespread on heather moorlands in northeast Scotland. These outbreaks represent remarkable phenomena given the poor nutritional quality of the dominant moorland host plant Calluna vulgaris (Linnaeus) Hull (Ericaceae). Winter moth performance on C. vulgaris was compared with that on the other available moorland host plant, Vaccinium myrtillus (Linnaeus) (Ericaceae), and parasitism levels were measured in two moorland outbreak populations. Larval densities in the field were genera

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18

MAHY, G., X. VEKEMANS, AL JACQUEMART, and JR DE SLOOVER. "Allozyme diversity and genetic structure in South-Western populations of heather, Calluna vulgaris." New Phytologist 137, no. 2 (1997): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00811.x.

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19

Behrend, Anne, Thomas Borchert, Monika Spiller, and Annette Hohe. "AFLP-based genetic mapping of the “bud-flowering” trait in heather (Calluna vulgaris)." BMC Genetics 14, no. 1 (2013): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-14-64.

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20

Kalaitzidis, C., S. J. M. Caporn, and M. E. J. Cutler. "Estimating Foliar Nitrogen Concentration of Heather (Calluna vulgaris) from Field and Laboratory Spectra." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 194, no. 1-4 (2008): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9698-8.

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21

Rowe, Edwin C., Simon M. Smart, Valerie H. Kennedy, Bridget A. Emmett, and Christopher D. Evans. "Nitrogen deposition increases the acquisition of phosphorus and potassium by heather Calluna vulgaris." Environmental Pollution 155, no. 2 (2008): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.008.

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22

Saunders, L. M., D. M. Tompkins, and P. J. Hudson. "The dynamics of nematode transmission in the red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) : studies on the recovery of Trichostrongylus tenuis larvae from vegetation." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 2 (1999): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x99000268.

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Attempts to recover the infective third-stage larvae of Trichostrongylus tenuis from heather (Calluna vulgaris) vegetation in the field are rarely successful because the larvae may be: (i) concealed within heather leaflets; (ii) concentrated in dew droplets which are lost from the plants upon sampling; or (iii) simply highly aggregated in the field. Heather plants were exposed to T. tenuis larvae in the laboratory and kept under suitable conditions for larval migration. Few larvae were found in dew droplets or concealed within heather leaflets; most larvae were recovered from the plant surface

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23

Cvjeticanin, Rade, Olivera Kosanin, Marko Perovic, Milorad Janic, Nenad Radakovic, and Dragomir Bjelajac. "Ecological and floristic characteristics of two new heather (Caluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) sites in Djerdap National Park." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 122 (2020): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf2022009c.

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Two new heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) sites, located in Djerdap National park, on plagioclastic gneiss and podsolised dystric brown soil are described in this paper. Heather is the dominant species in the plant community with beech on these sites (Calluno-Fagetum moesiacae Cvj. 2003). This community is floristically poor and edaphically conditioned. Beech (Fagus sylvatica. subsp. moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott) is the only species in the tree layer, while heather dominates in the ground layer. According to the spectrum of areal types, mesic plant species of middleeuropean distribution type a

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24

Vandvik, Vigdis, Joachim P. Töpper, Zoë Cook, et al. "Management-driven evolution in a domesticated ecosystem." Biology Letters 10, no. 2 (2014): 20131082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1082.

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Millennia of human land-use have resulted in the widespread occurrence of what have been coined ‘domesticated ecosystems’. The anthropogenic imprints on diversity, composition, structure and functioning of such systems are well documented. However, evolutionary consequences of human activities in these ecosystems are enigmatic. Calluna vulgaris (L.) is a keystone species of coastal heathlands in northwest Europe, an ancient semi-natural landscape of considerable conservation interest. Like many species from naturally fire-prone ecosystems, Calluna shows smoke-adapted germination, but it is unc

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25

Encinar, José María, Juan Félix González, and Sergio Nogales-Delgado. "Thermogravimetry of the Steam Gasification of Calluna vulgaris: Kinetic Study." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060657.

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On account of the continuous decrease in oil reserves, as well as the promotion of sustainable policies, there is an increasing interest in biomass conversion processes, which imply the search for new raw materials as energy sources, like forestry and agricultural wastes. On the other hand, gasification seems to be a suitable thermal conversion process for this purpose. This work studied the thermogravimetry of the steam gasification of charcoal from heather (Calluna vulgaris) in order to determine the kinetics of the process under controlled reaction conditions. The variables studied were tem

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MacDonald, A. J., A. H. Kirkpatrick, A. J. Hester, and C. Sydes. "Regeneration by Natural Layering of Heather (Calluna vulgaris): Frequency and Characteristics in Upland Britain." Journal of Applied Ecology 32, no. 1 (1995): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404418.

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27

Pakeman, R. J., P. D. Hulme, L. Torvell, and J. M. Fisher. "Rehabilitation of degraded dry heather [ Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull] moorland by controlled sheep grazing." Biological Conservation 114, no. 3 (2003): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00067-3.

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28

Saunders, L. M., D. M. Tompkins, and P. J. Hudson. "Strategies for nematode transmission: selective migration of Trichostrongylus tenuis infective larvae." Journal of Helminthology 75, no. 4 (2001): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x01000579.

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Successful transmission of macroparasites is dependent on exposure of susceptible hosts to free-living infective stages. When these hosts are herbivores that feed mostly on a single food plant then natural selection should favour those infective larvae that selectively ascend this main food plant. Red grouse feed predominantly on heather,Calluna vulgaris, so we predict that the infective larvae (L3) of the caecal nematodeTrichostrongylus tenuisselectively locate and ascend heather plants. To determine whether the presence of heather influences the horizontal dispersal ofT. tenuisL3 across soil

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29

Vučić, Dragana M., Miroslav R. Petković, Branka B. Rodić-Grabovac, Olgica D. Stefanović, Sava M. Vasić, and Ljiljana R. Čomić. "In vitro activity of heather [Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull] extracts on selected urinary tract pathogens." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 14, no. 4 (2014): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2014.4.40.

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Welch, D. "The floristics of contrasting grazed-down Scottish moorland sites initially dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris)." New Journal of Botany 3, no. 3 (2013): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2042349713y.0000000032.

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31

Miller, G. R., and R. P. Cummins. "Geographic variation in seed-setting by heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) in the Scottish Highlands." Journal of Biogeography 28, no. 8 (2002): 1023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00604.x.

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32

CAPORN, S. J. M., W. SONG, D. J. READ, and J. A. LEE. "The effect of repeated nitrogen fertilization on mycorrhizal infection in heather [Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull]." New Phytologist 129, no. 4 (1995): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03028.x.

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33

Murray, Anna H., Glenn R. Iason, and Colin Stewart. "Effect of simple phenolic compounds of heather (Calluna vulgaris) on rumen microbial activity in vitro." Journal of Chemical Ecology 22, no. 8 (1996): 1493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02027727.

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34

Niers, H., and J. van der Boon. "Effect of black peat, pH and Mg on growth of heather on sandy soil." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 1 (1986): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i1.16820.

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Eight field trials were carried out with various heather cultivars (Calluna vulgaris Carmen, Cuprea, Robert Chapman; Erica tetralix Con Underwood; E. carnea [herbacea] King George and E. cinerea C.D. Eason). Peat at 0-8 msuperscript 3/100 msuperscript 2 was incorporated into the top soil or applied as a layer and soil pH-KCl was maintained at levels between 3 and 6.8. Increasing peat application up to 4 msuperscript 3/100 msuperscript 2 improved the growth and quality (visual rating) of the stand; higher amounts had little additional effect. Peat applied as a layer gave some slightly better re

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35

Villanueva-Bermejo, David, Erika Vázquez, Marisol Villalva, et al. "Simultaneous Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) and Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Extracts." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112245.

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Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) and marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) are two rich sources of bioactive pentacyclic triterpenes. The supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction of these two plants was explored at a pressure range of 25–50 MPa, 50 °C, with or without fractionation, different extraction times (1.5–4.0 h) and using ethanol as a co-solvent (0 and 10% w/w). In order to determine potential synergisms, a combined extraction (heather + marigold 50:50) was also studied. In general, higher extraction yields were achieved when the co-solvent was added. Higher concentrations of total

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WOODIN, S., B. GRAHAM, A. KILLICK, U. SKIBA, and M. CRESSER. "Nutrient limitation of the long term response of heather [Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull] to CO2 enrichment." New Phytologist 122, no. 4 (2006): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00091.x.

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37

Meikle, A., S. Paterson, R. P. Finch, G. Marshall, and A. Waterhouse. "Genetic characterization of heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) subject to different management regimes across Great Britain." Molecular Ecology 8, no. 12 (1999): 2037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00813.x.

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38

Duncan, A. J., S. E. Hartley, and G. R. Iason. "Fine-scale discrimination of forage quality by sheep offered a soyabean meal or barley supplement while grazing a nitrogen-fertilized heather (Calluna vulgaris) mosaic." Journal of Agricultural Science 123, no. 3 (1994): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600070374.

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SUMMARYThe ability of 12 Scottish Blackface ewes to discriminate and concentrate grazing activity in nitrogenfertilized heather patches was determined. The nitrogen content of a stand of heather (Calluna vulgaris) was increased and the fibre content decreased by adding ammonium nitrate fertilizer (7·5 g N/m2) 3 months prior to grazing, in Scotland during August 1991, to selected areas within a patchwork array. The sheep were offered either a high protein (300 g soyabean meal) or low protein (285 g ground barley) supplement daily before being allowed to graze within the heather mosaic during No

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39

Effah, Evans, D. Paul Barrett, Paul G. Peterson, Murray A. Potter, Jarmo K. Holopainen, and Andrea Clavijo McCormick. "Effects of Two Invasive Weeds on Arthropod Community Structure on the Central Plateau of New Zealand." Plants 9, no. 7 (2020): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070919.

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Heather (Calluna vulgaris) and broom (Cytisus scoparius), originally from Europe, are the main invasive plants on New Zealand’s North Island Central Plateau, where they threaten native flora and fauna. Given the strong link between arthropod communities and plants, we explored the impact of these invasive weeds on the diversity and composition of associated arthropod assemblages in this area. The arthropods in heather-invaded areas, broom-invaded areas, and areas dominated by the native species mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and Dracohyllum (Dracophyllum subulatum) were collected and identifi

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40

Iason, Glenn R., and Alison J. Hester. "The Response of Heather (Calluna Vulgaris) to Shade and Nutrients--Predictions of the Carbon-Nutrient Balance Hypothesis." Journal of Ecology 81, no. 1 (1993): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261225.

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41

Armstrong, H. M., and A. J. Macdonald. "Tests of Different Methods for Measuring and Estimating Utilization Rate of Heather (Calluna vulgaris) by Vertebrate Herbivores." Journal of Applied Ecology 29, no. 2 (1992): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404497.

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42

Serra Bonvehí, J., and E. Granados Tarrés. "Physicochemical properties, composition and pollen spectrum of ling heather (Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull) honey produced in Spain." Apidologie 24, no. 6 (1993): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19930606.

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43

Mahy, Grégory, Richard A. Ennos, and Anne-Laure Jacquemart. "Allozyme variation and genetic structure of Calluna vulgaris (heather) populations in Scotland: the effect of postglacial recolonization." Heredity 82, no. 6 (1999): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00506.x.

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Santana, Victor M., Josu G. Alday, HyoHyeMi Lee, Katherine A. Allen, and Rob H. Marrs. "Modelling Carbon Emissions in Calluna vulgaris–Dominated Ecosystems when Prescribed Burning and Wildfires Interact." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (2016): e0167137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167137.

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45

Starchenko, Galyna, Andriy Hrytsyk, Ain Raal, and Oleh Koshovyi. "Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Water and Hydroethanolic Dry Extracts of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Herb." Plants 9, no. 6 (2020): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060751.

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According to the WHO data (2017), depression is the most predominant disease worldwide, with about 300 million people suffering from it, and bipolar disorder is the second most common. Therefore, it is relevant to research new medicines based on medicinal herbal raw materials with anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. Common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.), a flowering plant of the Ericaceae family, is a promising species for research in this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile and several biological activities of hydroethanolic dry extracts from t

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46

García-Risco, Mónica Rodriguez, Erika Vázquez, Julie Sheldon, et al. "Supercritical fluid extraction of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and evaluation of anti-hepatitis C virus activity of the extracts." Virus Research 198 (February 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.022.

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47

Chapman, Hazel M., and Peter Bannister. "Flowering, shoot extension, and reproductive performance of heather,Calluna vulgaris(L.) Hull, in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Botany 33, no. 1 (1995): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1995.10412948.

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Gordon, C., S. J. Woodin, C. E. Mullins, and I. J. Alexander. "Effects of environmental change, including drought, on water use by competing Calluna vulgaris (heather) and Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)." Functional Ecology 13 (June 1999): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00012.x.

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FIELDING, C. A., and J. C. COULSON. "A test of the validity of insect food-plant and life-history records: Lepidoptera on heather (Calluna vulgaris)." Ecological Entomology 20, no. 4 (1995): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1995.tb00466.x.

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Simon, Alain, Abderrahim Najid, Albert J. Chulia, Christiane Delage, and Michel Rigaud. "Inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and HL60 leukemic cell proliferation by ursolic acid isolated from heather flowers (Calluna vulgaris)." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1125, no. 1 (1992): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(92)90157-q.

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