Academic literature on the topic 'Heather Morris'
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Journal articles on the topic "Heather Morris"
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Dickson, David. "Continuing Trends in Popular Holocaust Fiction: Heather Morris and the Corporealization of Women’s Suffering." Genealogy 4, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4010006.
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This article explores the problematic representation of female sufferers in works of fiction relating to the Holocaust. Specifically, I contend that modern fiction fails to engage with the moral and emotional complexity of wartime sexual compromise and instead replaces a cognitive understanding of history with a bodily connection to women’s wartime pain. I do so by focusing on Heather Morris’s two Holocaust-themed texts: The Tattooist of Auschwitz (2018) and Cilka’s Journey (2019). Morris, the article contends, cannot connect to the psychological or moral reality of Cilka’s wartime abuse and so instead focuses on the corporealization of her suffering. Having established the existence of the trend in Morris’s fiction, the article then also addresses Morris’s associated need to morally contextualise Cilka’s actions. In order to maintain her connection with Cilka’s body, I assert, Morris must frame Cilka’s actions using the incompatible morality of the post-war present day. To provide the character with depth would block Morris’s engagement with Cilka’s body as a post-memorial nonwitness. This is profoundly problematic as, rather than informing our understanding of the Holocaust past, Morris merely perpetuates a view of the event that is objectifying, de-humanising and frequently misogynistic.
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Moazed, Farzad, Lauren Chun, Michael A. Matthay, Carolyn S. Calfee, and Jeffrey Gotts. "Assessment of industry data on pulmonary and immunosuppressive effects of IQOS." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (2018): s20—s25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054296.
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IntroductionHeated tobacco products are being touted as novel reduced-harm tobacco products by tobacco companies. In the USA, Philip Morris International submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the US Food and Drug Administration in 2016 in which it purports that its heated tobacco product, I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking (IQOS), is associated with reduced harm compared with conventional cigarettes.MethodsWe reviewed Philip Morris International’s MRTP application to assess the pulmonary and immune toxicities associated with IQOS use in both animal and human studies.ResultsAmong rats exposed to IQOS, there was evidence of pulmonary inflammation and immunomodulation. In human users, there was no evidence of improvement in pulmonary inflammation or pulmonary function in cigarette smokers who were switched to IQOS.ConclusionIQOS is associated with significant pulmonary and immunomodulatory toxicities with no detectable differences between conventional cigarette smokers and those who were switched to IQOS in Philip Morris International’s studies. Philip Morris International also failed to consider how dual use and secondhand aerosol exposure may further impact, and likely increase, the harms associated with these products.
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Cummings, K. Michael, Georges J. Nahhas, and David T. Sweanor. "What Is Accounting for the Rapid Decline in Cigarette Sales in Japan?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (2020): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103570.
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This study describes how trends in the sale of cigarettes in Japan between 2011 and 2019 correspond to the sales of heated tobacco products (HTPs) that were introduced into the Japanese market in late 2015. Data used for this study come from the Tobacco Institute of Japan and Philip Morris International. The findings show that the accelerated decline in cigarette only sales in Japan since 2016 corresponds to the introduction and growth in the sales of HTPs.
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Berg, Carla J., Yael Bar-Zeev, and Hagai Levine. "Informing iQOS Regulations in the United States: A Synthesis of What We Know." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (2020): 215824401989882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019898823.
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The tobacco industry offers various products, including heated tobacco products (HTPs). Philip Morris International’s (PMI) “iQOS” has the greatest HTP market share, as well as research on its use and impact. iQOS was released in 2014 and is now in more than 40 countries. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced permission for PMI to sell iQOS in the United States in April 2019, and iQOS was launched in October 2019. Decisions pending its modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application will occur subsequently. The U.S. regulatory efforts regarding iQOS could be informed by examining (a) Philip Morris USA other product marketing efforts and (b) the iQOS market in countries where it is available. This article briefly addresses these two points with extant literature and suggests that future research should address important gaps in what is currently known, including strategic international collaborations and research, which historically has been critical for advancing tobacco control globally.
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St.Helen, Gideon, Peyton Jacob III, Natalie Nardone, and Neal L. Benowitz. "IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International’s claim of reduced exposure." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (2018): s30—s36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054321.
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BackgroundNew electronic heated tobacco products are being introduced in the global market and are gaining popularity. In 2016, Philip Morris International, Inc. (PMI) submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market IQOS in the USA with claims of reduced exposure and reduced risk.MethodsWe examined PMI’s MRTP application, specifically sections on aerosol chemistry and human exposure assessment, to assess the validity of PMI’s claims of reduced exposure and risk.FindingsPMI reported levels for only 40 of 93 harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) on FDA’s HPHC list in IQOS mainstream aerosol. All substances in PMI’s list of 58 constituents (PMI-58) were lower in IQOS emissions compared with mainstream smoke of 3R4F reference cigarettes. However, levels of 56 other constituents, which are not included in the PMI-58 list or FDA’s list of HPHCs, were higher in IQOS emissions; 22 were >200% higher and seven were >1000% higher than in 3R4F reference cigarette smoke. PMI’s studies also show significantly lower systemic exposure to some HPHCs from use of IQOS compared with smoking combustible cigarettes.ConclusionPMI’s data appear to support PMI’s claim that IQOS reduces exposure to HPHCs. However, PMI’s data also show significantly higher levels of several substances that are not recognised as HPHCs by the FDA in IQOS emissions compared with combustible cigarette smoke. The impact of these substances on the overall toxicity or harm of IQOS is not known.
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Glantz, Stanton A. "PMI’s own in vivo clinical data on biomarkers of potential harm in Americans show that IQOS is not detectably different from conventional cigarettes." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (2018): s9—s12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054413.
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IntroductionNew ‘heated tobacco products’ are being marketed in several countries with claims that they expose users to lower levels of toxins than conventional cigarettes which could be read as being less likely to cause health problems than conventional cigarettes. In the USA, Philip Morris International (PMI) has submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to market its heated tobacco product, IQOS, with reduced exposure and reduced risk claims.MethodsAnalysis of detailed results on 24 biomarkers of potential harm in PMI studies of humans using IQOS compared with humans using conventional cigarettes.ResultsAmong American adults, there is no statistically detectable difference between IQOS and conventional cigarette users for 23 of the 24 biomarkers of potential harm in PMI’s studies. In Japan, there were no significant differences between people using IQOS and conventional cigarettes in 10 of 13 biomarkers of potential harm. It is likely that some of the significant differences are false positives.ConclusionDespite delivering lower levels of some toxins than conventional cigarettes, PMI’s own data fail to show consistently lower risks of harm in humans using its heated tobacco product, IQOS, than conventional cigarettes.
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Elias, Jesse, Lauren M. Dutra, Gideon St. Helen, and Pamela M. Ling. "Revolution or redux? Assessing IQOS through a precursor product." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (2018): s102—s110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054327.
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BackgroundPhilip Morris International (PMI) currently claims that its heated tobacco product, IQOS, reduces health risk by reducing users’ exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents present in tobacco smoke. Given the tobacco industry’s long history of misrepresenting and obfuscating research, independent assessment of PMI’s claims is important. Analysis of Accord, a failed but strikingly similar precursor to IQOS, may help contextualise PMI’s claims in its Modified Risk Tobacco Product (MRTP) application.MethodsWe analysed previously secret internal Philip Morris (PM) and PMI documents, public communications and MRTP application.ResultsPM marketed Accord as a ‘cleaner’ tobacco product in an attempt to address smokers’ growing health concerns without making explicit health claims. While PM communications asserted that Accord reduced users’ exposure to harmful constituents, company scientists and executives consistently stressed to both regulators and the public that such reductions did not render Accord safer. IQOS’s design and marketing are similar to Accord’s. On the basis of aerosol chemistry data, IQOS reduces user exposure to some compounds compared with Accord but raises them for others.DiscussionIQOS appears to be a variant of Accord without consistent improvements in exposure to aerosol toxic compounds. In contrast to PM’s past claims for Accord, PMI now claims in its MRTP application that IQOS reduces health risk. This shift in stance is likely not the result of any toxicological difference between Accord and IQOS, but rather a change in the social and regulatory landscape permitting these claims.
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Kim, Samuel CJ, and Theodore C. Friedman. "A New Ingenious Enemy: Heat-Not-Burn Products." Tobacco Use Insights 15 (January 2022): 1179173X2210764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x221076419.
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While cigarette smoking is still a major source of morbidity and mortality, e-cigarette usage is skyrocketing, and the tobacco industry is finding new ways to market nicotine. With updated published research highlighting the dangers of cigarette smoking and now vaping, the industry has been developing new techniques and devices that circumvent this research to hook users on tobacco and nicotine. The FDA allowed Philip Morris International (PMI) to sell their heat not burn tobacco products known as iQOS in 2019. By 2019, 49 countries had permitted the sale of iQOS. This commentary summarizes the recent research on heat not burn cigarettes, also known as heated tobacco products and their effects on public policy. We urge policy makers to consider the research published regarding these new products and prevent the widespread use of these products that will harm public health.
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Lempert, Lauren Kass, and Stanton A. Glantz. "Heated tobacco product regulation under US law and the FCTC." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (2018): s118—s125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054560.
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Tobacco companies are marketing new ‘heated tobacco products’ (HTPs) composed of battery-powered holders, chargers and tobacco plugs or sticks. The non-tobacco HTP components have escaped effective regulation under many countries’ tobacco control laws because they are packaged and sold separately from the tobacco-containing components. In the USA, HTPs cannot be marketed unless the Food and Drug Administration determines that allowing their sale would be ‘appropriate for the protection of the public health’. Philip Morris International (PMI) is seeking permission to market its IQOS HTP in the USA with ‘modified risk tobacco product’ (MRTP) claims that it reduces exposure to harmful substances and is less harmful than other tobacco products. However, PMI has not submitted adequate scientific evidence required by US law to demonstrate that the product is significantly less harmful to users than other tobacco products, that its labelling would not mislead consumers, or that its marketing—with or without MRTP claims—would benefit the health of the population as a whole. Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) must take measures to reduce tobacco use and nicotine addiction, and prevent false or misleading tobacco product labelling, advertising and promotions; the introduction of new HTPs must be assessed according to these goals. All components of HTPs should be regulated at least as stringently as existing tobacco products, including restrictions on labelling, advertising, promotion and sponsorship, sales to minors, price and taxation policies and smokefree measures. There is nothing in US law or the FCTC that prevents authorities from prohibiting HTPs.
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McKelvey, Karma, Lucy Popova, Minji Kim, et al. "Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (2018): s41—s47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054596.
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BackgroundBeginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured ‘HeatSticks’ in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP).MethodsWe systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI’s IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act’s standard for MRTP claims. We examined whether PMI provided sufficient data showing tobacco users will not initiate with IQOS, that youth will not misperceive the MRTP-related claims being made concerning IQOS, and how youth perceive health risks associated with IQOS.ResultsPMI’s own studies failed to provide evidence that youth, including non-users and former users, will not find IQOS appealing, will not initiate use of IQOS and will not perceive these products as risk-free. Further, PMI did not refer to independent studies conducted among adolescents which could influence their conclusions. Finally, their studies suffered from design and implementation flaws and cannot be relied on to support the proffered claims.ConclusionPMI’s own data and available evidence from scientific studies conducted independent of the tobacco industry regarding how novel tobacco products are currently being marketed suggest that introduction of IQOS will result in adolescent and young adult non-users initiating tobacco use with IQOS and could also increase poly-use of IQOS along with other tobacco products.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heather Morris"
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Bavlnka, Timothy. "Superheroes and Shamanism: Magic and Participation in the Comics of Grant Morrison." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1302288940.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Heather Morris"
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Sully, Sue. "Interpersonal Communication." In Nursing OSCEs. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199693580.003.0010.
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Nursing is an interpersonal profession (Ellis and Whittington 1981) which is to say that the majority of the goals of the profession are met through the quality and nature of relationships the nurse is able to form. Effective interpersonal communication which underpins the therapeutic relationship is a complex set of skills which require the nurse to understand the context and purpose of the interactions, in addition to being aware of their own agendas and factors which might form a barrier to effective working relationships. Historically, interpersonal communication was implicit within nursing care and by the 1980s writers such as Morrison and Burnard (1991) and Porritt (1990) had identified and explored the nature of the therapeutic relationship and interpersonal skills within nursing care. Now authors such as Stein-Parbury (2009), Burnard and Gill (2008), Maben and Griffiths (2008), Freshwater (2005) and Greenhalgh and Heath (2005) have studied and written about this area in great depth. Both the Department of Health (DOH) (2010) and the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) have identified the centrality of patient-led care and the nurses’ ability to develop effective working relationships that enhance dignity and treat the person with compassion and care. A therapeutic relationship is significantly different from relationships that are formed socially amongst colleagues and friends. In order to establish a relationship which is helpful it is necessary to be aware of the assumptions, expectations and feelings you carry into each new professional relationship. Without this awareness there is a real danger that your own ‘noise’ will make it difficult for you to be present and experience the other person as they are. In order to understand the emotional needs and concerns of the person it is necessary for you to try to understand the world of the person that you are caring for—from that person’s own perspective. The nearer you can come to this the more effective will be the relationship, and the assessed needs of the patient will be more accurate and relevant. Learning about interpersonal communication within the context of nursing and the therapeutic relationship means that you will have the opportunity to develop your skills and adapt them for the purpose of caring for others.
Conference papers on the topic "Heather Morris"
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Mori, Shoji, Ryo Kobayashi, Mikako Tanaka, and Kunito Okuyama. "Rapid Generation Process of Superheated Steam Using a Water-Containing Porous Material." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73099.
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A simple method for the rapid generation of superheated steam using a water-containing porous material was proposed in a previous paper (Mori and Okuyama, 2007). The start-up and cut-off responses are of the second order, and the maximum energy utilization efficiency for input power is more than approximately 0.9. In the present paper, in order to clarify the mechanism of the rapid generation of superheated steam, the steam temperature, the temperature inside porous materials, and the surface roughness of porous materials have been measured. As a result, it is found that narrow space formed between heater and porous material caused by surface roughness of porous material is one of important factors to generate superheated steam rapidly.
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Mori, Shoji, Lujie Shen, and Kunito Okuyama. "Effect of Cell Size of a Honeycomb Porous Plate Attached to a Heated Surface on CHF in Saturated Pool Boiling." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22349.
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The critical heat flux (CHF) in a saturated pool boiling of water was investigated experimentally under the condition in which a honeycomb porous plate is attached to the heated surface. In a previous study, the CHF was shown experimentally to be approximately 2.5 times (approximately 2.51 MW/m2) compared to that of a plain surface for the case of a honeycomb porous plate with a vapor escape channel width of 1.4 mm and a channel height (plate thickness) of 1.0 mm (Mori and Okuyama (2009)). The enhancement is considered to result from the capillary supply of liquid onto the heated surface and the release of generated vapor through the channels. In the present paper, the vapor escape channel width was varied in the range of 1.4 mm to 7.9 mm, which was smaller than the Taylor instability wavelength (approximately 15.6 mm), and the effect of the channel width on the saturated pool boiling CHF of water has been investigated. The CHF values predicted by capillary limit models were compared with measured values. As a result, the main mechanisms for CHF enhancement using a honeycomb porous plate were shown to be due to liquid supply to the heated surface as a result of not only capillary suction but also the inflow of liquid through vapor escape channels from the top surface due to gravity. The ratio of the contribution in the mechanisms of the CHF enhancement was found to depend on the vapor escape channel widths. In particular, in the case of a larger cell width, the CHF was enhanced primarily due to the inflow of liquid through vapor escape channels from the top surface.