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1
Niers, H., and J. van der Boon. "Effect of black peat, pH and Mg on growth of heather on sandy soil." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 1 (1986): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i1.16820.
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Eight field trials were carried out with various heather cultivars (Calluna vulgaris Carmen, Cuprea, Robert Chapman; Erica tetralix Con Underwood; E. carnea [herbacea] King George and E. cinerea C.D. Eason). Peat at 0-8 msuperscript 3/100 msuperscript 2 was incorporated into the top soil or applied as a layer and soil pH-KCl was maintained at levels between 3 and 6.8. Increasing peat application up to 4 msuperscript 3/100 msuperscript 2 improved the growth and quality (visual rating) of the stand; higher amounts had little additional effect. Peat applied as a layer gave some slightly better results than peat incorporated into the topsoil. A soil pH-KCl value of 4.2 was the optimum for growth of most cultivars and reasonable growth could be expected in the range 3.8-4.7. Cv. King George was more tolerant to high pH than cultivars of the other species tested. In 3 trials with Calluna cultivars MgO application at 150 or 200 kg/ha increased the Mg content of the soil and shoots but had a slight negative effect on growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Weetman, G. F., R. Fournier, J. Barker, E. Schnorbus-Panozzo, and A. Germain. "Foliar analysis and response of fertilized chlorotic Sitka spruce plantations on salal-dominated cedar–hemlock cutovers on Vancouver Island." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 12 (1989): 1501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-229.
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A series of microplot and conventional plot trials were used to determine the nutritional status and required nutrient additions to bring young chlorotic Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr) plantations out of "check." Check occurs on clear-cut and burned old-growth western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn ex D. Don) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands in the Coastal Western Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone growing on deep morhumus Podzols invaded by dense salal (Gaultheriashallon). Microplot trials identified the requirement for N and P. Checked trees responded to fertilization immediately with a 4- to 8-year temporary increase in leader length. Grubbing out of aboveground salal did not improve tree nutrition. There is a close parallel to "heather check" noted with Sitka spruce in British and Irish moorlands; a possible allelopathic effect of salal is suspected. It is concluded that one or more N and P additions are required to establish crown closure. Fertilized Sitka spruce show a high incidence of spruce weevil attack. The deficient and optimum foliar nutrient concentrations developed in Britain for the diagnosis of Sitka spruce appear to be applicable.
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Krewer, G. W., K. S. Delaplane, and P. A. Thomas. "SCREENING PLANTS AS SUPPLEMENTAL FORAGES FOR POLLINATING BUMBLEBEES (BOMBUS SPP.)." HortScience 31, no. 5 (1996): 750c—750. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.750c.
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Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are important pollinators of mostly self-sterile rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Annual bee colonies start from solitary overwintered queens who emerge in near-synchrony with rabbiteye blueberry bloom. Although colony populations may reach several hundred individuals by midsummer, in early spring most Bombus visiting rabbiteye blueberry are queens reared the previous season. Thus, practices that encourage production of queens in summer may increase populations of blueberry pollinators the next spring. In south Georgia, midsummer shortages of nectar-yielding plants may nutritionally limit queen production, and cultured bee forages may help overcome this deficiency. Candidate plants must not compete with the crop for pollinators, and they must be attractive to bees, easy to grow, vigorous, and non-invasive. In 3 years of trials, the following plants have shown promise as supplemental bumblebee forages in south Georgia: Althea (Hibiscus syriacus), abelia (Abelia ×grandifolia), vitex (Vitex agnuscastus), red clover (Trifolium pratense perenne), Mexican heather (Cuphea hyssopifolia), monkey grass (Liriope muscari), summer sweet (Clethra alnifolia), and giant sunflower (Helianthus giganteus).
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Kerslake, J. E., L. E. B. Kruuk, S. E. Hartley, and S. J. Woodin. "Winter moth (Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)) outbreaks on Scottish heather moorlands: effects of host plant and parasitoids on larval survival and development." Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, no. 2 (1996): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300052391.
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AbstractOutbreaks of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), have recently become widespread on heather moorlands in northeast Scotland. These outbreaks represent remarkable phenomena given the poor nutritional quality of the dominant moorland host plant Calluna vulgaris (Linnaeus) Hull (Ericaceae). Winter moth performance on C. vulgaris was compared with that on the other available moorland host plant, Vaccinium myrtillus (Linnaeus) (Ericaceae), and parasitism levels were measured in two moorland outbreak populations. Larval densities in the field were generally higher on Calluna than on Vaccinium. However, larvae showed better survival, more rapid development and greater pupal weights on Vaccinium than on Calluna. Feeding trials indicated that Vaccinium was more digestible than Calluna. No evidence of parasitism was found in a high-altitude moorland winter moth outbreak population from mainland Scotland, but the parasitoid Phobocampe neglecta (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was present in 27% of larvae from a lower-altitude moorland outbreak on Orkney. The results indicate that the presence of Vaccinium and the opportunity to escape from parasitism may facilitate O. brumata outbreak formation in high-altitude moorland sites. However, neither factor can provide a full explanation for the present phenomenon.
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Lobo, N., M. Duong, and J. S. Millar. "Conifer-seed preferences of small mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 9 (2009): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-070.
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The preferences of the deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)), southern red-backed vole ( Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), heather vole ( Phenacomys intermedius Merriam, 1889), long-tailed vole ( Microtus longicaudus (Merriam, 1888)), and meadow vole ( Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1851)) for lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss), and subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) seeds were investigated using cafeteria-style feeding experiments. Seed selection by P. maniculatus and M. gapperi in the field was also studied. Peromyscus maniculatus, M. gapperi, M. longicaudus, and M. pennsylvanicus showed a distinct preference for lodgepole pine seeds and avoidance of subalpine fir seeds, and consumed the different species of seeds in similar relative proportions. Phenacomys intermedius behaved very differently from the other rodent species in that it did not show a preference among seed species, and consumed very few seeds in total. Findings from the field seed selection trials were consistent with laboratory results. We suggest that postdispersal seed predation by small mammals could limit the recruitment success of lodgepole pine and white spruce, but would not be a major problem in the regeneration of subalpine fir stands. This could provide an advantage for subalpine fir over neighbouring competitive species.
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Braun, Ralph, Mayuri Sharma, Christina DeMaso, et al. "1051. Characterization of Immune Responses to a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (2021): S617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1245.
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Abstract Background A safe and effective vaccine against dengue is needed to address an unmet medical need that affects a large portion of the world’s population. Takeda’s live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) has shown protection in an ongoing Phase 3 efficacy trial. TAK-003 contains an attenuated dengue type 2 virus (DENV-2), and 3 genetically modified viruses in which the structural proteins from each of the serotypes 1, 3 and 4 have been placed into the DENV-2 backbone. Exploratory immunological assessments have been a part of the TAK-003 clinical development plan to better understand the mechanisms of action of TAK-003, and to identify immune response signatures that may correlate with protection. Methods Cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by vaccination in dengue-naïve and dengue-exposed individuals were measured across several clinical trials. For the humoral response, several methods were used to measure the magnitude and characteristics of the antibodies following vaccination with TAK-003 including studies of neutralizing antibodies, antibodies that bind to the viral components of the vaccine, the affinity and complement fixing capabilities of antibodies specific to structural proteins, and additionally the level of antibodies specific to nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Results A multifunctional cellular immune response was found following vaccination that primarily targeted nonstructural proteins in the DENV-2 backbone and was cross reactive to epitopes found in the other serotypes. The vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies with high tetravalent seropositivity rates among participants. Further assessment of this response revealed that it consists of serotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against all four serotypes. In addition, sera from vaccinated individuals neutralized genotypically diverse dengue strains. In addition to antibodies specific to structural components, antibodies to DENV-2 NS1 that were cross reactive to the NS1 proteins of the other serotypes were found. Conclusion The breadth of the cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by TAK-003 in vaccine recipients across a wide age range living in different endemicities aligns with the response profile expected of a multivalent live vaccine. Disclosures Ralph Braun, PhD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Mayuri Sharma, PhD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Christina DeMaso, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Allan Parker, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) David Dominguez, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Heather Watkins, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Hansi Dean, PhD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Consultant) Lovkesh Karwal, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Eduardo Nascimento, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Nicole Messere, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Isamu Tsuji, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Melissa Zahralban-Steele, n/a, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Employee) Jeffrey R. Currier, PhD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Heather Friberg-Robertson, PhD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Lewis, Tomiyuri, Stephanie Flores, Leah Sabacan, et al. "Abstract P5-19-04: The WISDOM study: Reducing sequential steps and implementing parallel workflows in pragmatic trials." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (2022): P5–19–04—P5–19–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p5-19-04.
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Abstract Background:The WISDOM Study is a preference-tolerant pragmatic study, comparing annual mammograms to a risk-based screening. Eligibility includes women ages 40-74 years with no history of breast cancer or DCIS. Participants are enrolled to one study arm: annual screening or risk-based screening (includes genetic testing). Pragmatic trials often involve gathering real-time data over multiple time points. Collecting real-time data sequentially can limit enrollment, delay study assignments, and reduce participant engagement. The WISDOM Study has identified such bottlenecks and has implemented parallel workflows, reducing the overall wait time for participants to complete required study steps. These data highlight how moving participants through the study more efficiently can improve enrollment and retention and inform other pragmatic trials. Methods: WISDOM participants have the option to either choose their study arm or be randomized into one as part of the preference tolerant randomized trial design. Participants then complete breast health questionnaires and genetic testing (if in the risk-based arm). This information is analyzed by the WISDOM breast cancer risk assessment algorithm, the result of which is then communicated to the participant through a screening assignment letter (SAL). Specific data elements, such as breast density found participants’ mammogram reports and genetic testing results are required for study randomization process and risk assessment calculations, respectively. The WISDOM randomization algorithm is stratified by several factors, including breast cancer risk estimated using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model, which uses mammographic density as a key input variable. The study team changed the workflow to allow participants to proceed to randomization without specific information by imputing both density and risk. Additionally, a parallel workflow improvement process was implemented to obtain mammogram reports while genetic testing was being completed. Results: Before the weighted BCSC and imputed density algorithms were introduced, it took an average of 47 days to randomize participants after completion of the baseline enrollment questionnaires. Now, participants are randomized immediately which has reduced delays by 100%. Prior to implementing the parallel workflow for genetic testing and mammogram ascertainment, genetic testing kits were sent only after mammogram reports were collected and validated. The expected turnaround time for genetic testing results was 30-60 days and on average, results were returned to participants in 42 days. Streamlining the study design to obtain mammogram reports while participants complete their genetic testing has shortened the time for participants to receive their screening assignment letters (SALs) from an average of 160 days to 78 days, a reduction by 49%. In comparison, participants in the annual arm of the study who do not complete genetic testing, receive their SALs after an average of 38 days from enrollment. This is due to long wait times to obtain mammographic densities from outside medical facilities. Conclusions: Creating parallel data ascertainment workflows and reducing sequential steps in the study process has increased completion of individual enrollment activities. Participants now are randomized immediately upon joining the study and have access to their SALs and genetic results more rapidly. This approach eliminated randomization wait times and improved efficiency of the early in the enrollment process. We are evaluating the impact on participant retention going forward. Workflow efficiency is critical to improve the patient experience, and our learnings can inform future trial design, particularly for studies requiring data from outside sources. Citation Format: Tomiyuri Lewis, Stephanie Flores, Leah Sabacan, Patricia Choy, Halle Thannickal, Yiwey Shieh, Jeffrey Tice, Elad Ziv, Lisa Madlensky, Martin Eklund, Christina Yau, Amie Blanco, Barry Tong, Deborah Goodman, Nancy Anderson, Heather Harvey, Steele Fors, Hannah L Park, Samrrah Raouf, Skye Stewart, Janet Wernisch, Barbara Koenig, Celia Kaplan, Robert Hiatt, Neil Wenger, Vivian Lee, Diane Heditsian, Susie Brain, Dolores Moorehead, Barbara A Parker, Alexander Borowsky, Hoda Anton-Culver, Arash Naeim, Andrea Kaster, Laura van ‘t Veer, Andrea Z LaCroix, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, Deepa Sheth, Agustin Garcia, Rachel Lancaster, Michael Plaza, Wisdom Study, Athena Breast Health Network Investigators, Advocate Partners, Allison S Fiscalini, Laura Esserman. The WISDOM study: Reducing sequential steps and implementing parallel workflows in pragmatic trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-04.
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Choy, Patricia, Tomiyuri Lewis, Stephanie Flores, et al. "Abstract P5-19-01: The impact of streamlined processes and patient-directed messaging to improve enrollment in a remote, pragmatic clinical trial." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (2022): P5–19–01—P5–19–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p5-19-01.
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Abstract Background Recent advances in technology have made it possible to conduct remote clinical trials that allow individuals to participate from home with comfort, privacy, and ease. Despite these advances, challenges persist in running remote trials, such as survey question redundancies, lack of patient-initiated data-sharing tools, and unclear patient communication around critical enrollment steps. The Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures of risk (WISDOM) Study is a pragmatic, preference-tolerant randomized control breast cancer screening trial comparing personalized risk-based screening to traditional, annual screening. The study population includes women ages 40-74 without a history of breast cancer or DCIS. Since 2016, study enrollment has been available to all women in the U.S. who meet study eligibility criteria. Since October 2020, WISDOM has implemented multiple strategies to improve participant experience: participant-initiated data-sharing tools and clear participant messaging. This abstract presents the efficacy of these interventions as they relate to increasing patient enrollment in remote, pragmatic clinical trials. Methods The WISDOM Study online enrollment process includes registration, participant study arm selection or randomization, online consent, and enrollment (submission of multiple study surveys over a secure, online platform). Barriers to online enrollment were uncovered through an internally-conducted needs assessment of participants who enrolled between 2019-2020, and participant feedback obtained through phone interviews conducted by WISDOM’s embedded ethics study. Improvements to our online enrollment procedures were executed in October 2020 and included: improving the clarity of study arm selection options, streamlining data collection surveys, and enacting a secure, patient-initiated online data-sharing tool and an online portal feature with auto-launch of critical information. Study metrics were obtained through Google Analytics and Salesforce. Results Prior to the end of 2020, only 62% of the 30,046 participants who registered for the WISDOM Study completed study enrollment. After improving the enrollment process, of the 5,334 participants registered for the study between Jan-June 2021, 69% completed the enrollment process finishing both the online consent and survey forms. Conversion from consent to enrollment went from 78% in January 2020 to 93% in June 2021. Currently, 56% participants complete enrollment in one day. Streamlining online patient questionnaires led to an increase in completion rates, with 75% of participants completing their yearly surveys, compared to 59% prior to April 2021. A secure patient upload feature for data sharing led to 1,054 participants successfully sharing their mammogram reports with WISDOM between March - June 2021. Previously, mammogram reports were missing for 20% of enrolled participants. This feature has enabled WISDOM to process 300 additional mammogram reports per month. Integration of an auto-launch feature in the participant’s portal in Feb 2021 has led to a 17% increase in participants viewing their screening recommendations in Yr 1. Prior to auto-launch, only 59% (n=6328) of Yr 1 screening recommendations and 61% (n=3681) of genetic testing reports were viewed by participants. Since implementation, the numbers increased to 78% (n=8406) and 85% (n=5160), respectively. Conclusions. Streamlining data to the most essential elements, and minimizing the steps required to share clinical documents, complete questionnaires and open key study notification is essential to improving enrollment rates in virtual, pragmatic trials. Patient-initiated data-sharing tools such as the ability for participants to share documents through secure, online portals is one example of success. Citation Format: Patricia Choy, Tomiyuri Lewis, Stephanie Flores, Leah Sabacan, Halle Thannickal, Steffanie Goodman, Yiwey Shieh, Lisa Madlensky, Jeffrey A. Tice, Elad Ziv, Martin Eklund, Amie Blanco, Barry Tong, Deborah Goodman, Nancy Anderson, Heather Harvey, Steele Fors, Hannah Lui Park, Antonia Petruse, Skye Stewart, Samrrah Raouf, Janet Wernisch, Barbara Koenig, Celia Kaplan, Robert Hiatt, Neil Wenger, Vivian Lee, Diane Heditsian, Susie Brain, Dolores Moorehead, Barbara A Parker, Alexander Borowsky, Hoda Anton-Culver, Arash Naeim, Andrea Kaster, Laura van 't Veer, Andrea Z LaCroix, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Deepa Sheth, Agustin Garcia, Rachel Lancaster, Jennifer James, Galen Joseph, Wisdom Study, Athena Breast Health Network Investigators and Advocates, Allison Stover Fiscallini, Laura Esserman. The impact of streamlined processes and patient-directed messaging to improve enrollment in a remote, pragmatic clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-01.
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Bardia, Aditya, James T. Coates, Laura Spring, et al. "Abstract 2638: Sacituzumab Govitecan, combination with PARP inhibitor, Talazoparib, in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Translational investigation." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2638.
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Abstract Background: Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG), the first antibody-drug conjugate approved for metastatic TNBC (mTNBC), is comprised of SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan), a topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor, coupled via a hydrolyzable linker to monoclonal antibody targeting trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2), an antigen overexpressed in mTNBC. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) block resolution of TOP1 cleavage complexes (TOP1CCs) induced by TOP1 inhibitors, thus unmasking the inability of remaining pathways to repair DNA damage. However, previous clinical trials combining PARPi with standard TOP1 inhibitors (irinotecan, topotecan) were terminated early due to dose-limiting myelosuppression. We evaluated the combination of SG with PARP inhibitor in both pre-clinical models and phase 1b clinical trial. Methods and Results: In pre-clinical models we demonstrated that the targeted antibody-based delivery of SN-38 increased the ratio of tumor-to-normal cell SN-38, resulting in stabilized TOP1CCs, enhanced DNA damage and increased cytotoxicity with the combination, selectively in tumor cells but not normal cells, despite temporal separation of SG and PARPi exposure. To validate the hypothesis, we conducted a phase 1b investigator-initiated clinical trial combining SG with PARPi (talazoparib) in patients with mTNBC (NCT04039230). Inclusion criteria included female patients ≥ 18 years of age with mTNBC (per ASCO/CAP guidelines) and previous treatment with at least one prior therapeutic regimen for mTNBC. Clinical outcomes were assessed by Objective Response Rate per RECIST v1.1. In the phase 1b clinical trial (SG day 18, every 21 days with talazoparib), the staggered schedule with supportive therapy was relatively well-tolerated without DLTs, as predicted by the pre-clinical models. Furthermore, the staggered schedule demonstrated promising clinical activity. Molecular analysis of paired pre-treatment and on-treatment specimens demonstrated γ-H2AX accumulation, confirming pharmacodynamic inhibition with combination therapy. The dose-escalation portion of clinical trial successfully completed enrollment with a recommended phase-2 dose (R2PD) of sequential SG (10 mg/kg on days 1,8) with talazoparib (1 mg on days 15-21), every 21 days. Conclusion: Staggered dosing of SG and PARPi, leveraging the selective drug delivery mechanism of SG to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy, was feasible and demonstrated encouraging evidence of clinical activity with objective responses among patients with mTNBC. The translational study highlights how mechanistic insights and innovative scheduling could be utilized to develop promising drug combinations, including previously rejected combinations, for patients with mTNBC. Citation Format: Aditya Bardia, James T. Coates, Laura Spring, Sheng Sun, Dejan Juric, Nayana Thimmiah, Andrzej Niemierko, Phoebe Ryan, Ann Partridge, Jeffrey Peppercorn, Heather Parsons, Seth Wander, Kelsey Pierce, Victoria Attaya, Donna Fitzgerald, Brenda Lormil, Maria Shellock, Aiko Nagayama, Veerle Bossuyt, Bev Moy, Sara Tolaney, Leif Ellisen. Sacituzumab Govitecan, combination with PARP inhibitor, Talazoparib, in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Translational investigation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2638.
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Kashima, Hideaki, Ayumi Honma, Saori Kamimura, et al. "Heated Corn Oil and 2,4-Decadienal Suppress Gastric Emptying and Energy Intake in Humans." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041304.
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Consumption of 2,4-decadienal (2,4-DD) delays gastric emptying (GE) rate in animals. Oil heating produces 2,4-DD and other aldehydes. Here we examined whether heated oil affects GE rate and food intake in humans, and whether it is mediated by 2,4-DD. In the first experiment, 10 healthy volunteers consumed 240-g pumpkin soup with 9.2 g of heated (HO) or non-heated corn oil (CO). Subsequently, 17 participants consumed pumpkin soup containing 3.1 g of either heated corn oil (HO), 1 mg 2,4-DD + non-heated corn oil (2,4-DD), or non-heated corn oil (CO). Sixty minutes following pumpkin soup, cod roe spaghetti was provided, and then energy intake was determined. To evaluate GE rate, 13C breath test (Experiment 1) and ultrasonography (Experiments 1 and 2) were used. The results from the Experiment 1 confirmed that consumption of heated corn oil reduced GE rate. Experiment 2 showed a delayed GE rate in HO and 2,4-DD trials compared with CO trial (p < 0.05). Energy intake was approximately 600–650 kJ lower in HO and 2,4-DD trials compared with CO trial (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that 2,4-DD, either formed by oil heating or added to food, contributes to suppressing GE rate and energy intake.
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Mason, A. A., and J. H. Davidson. "Measured Performance and Modeling of an Evacuated-Tube, Integral-Collector-Storage Solar Water Heater." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 117, no. 3 (1995): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2847803.
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An experimental study of an evacuated-tube, integral-collector-storage water heater was conducted in an indoor solar simulator. Useful collected energy, radiation-induced stratification and draw-induced mixing are characterized in eight trials in which test duration, initial tank water temperature, flow rate during withdrawal of heated water from the collector, withdrawal pattern and reflectance of the back-plane were varied. All tests were performed at nominal irradiance of 900 W/m2, normal incidence, and collector slope of 45 degrees. The capability of the TRNSYS integral collector storage model to predict performance for operating conditions for which data are assumed to be unavailable was assessed. Using data from one experimental trial, optical efficiency (τα) of the collector was determined by matching predicted useful energy gain to measured gain. Effectiveness of the calibrated model was based on a comparison of predicted gains to measured values obtained in the remaining seven trials. For five of seven trials, predicted performance is within nine percent of measured performance and less than experimental error. For the other two trials, predicted performance is within 15 percent of measured performance. The higher discrepancies may be partially due to experimental conditions not modeled such as heating of the piping connecting the collector to the test facility and inadequate characterization of back-plane reflectivity. The model does not predict radiation-induced stratification. Although the effect of mixing during draws can be approximated by specifying the number of fully mixed volume segments in the tanks, selection of number of nodes requires knowledge of the behavior of the system. The number of nodes selected has minimal impact on total energy gain, but does affect the temperature of water delivered to the load.
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Junaedi, Junaedi, and Hok Ki. "Smart Aquarium with IoT based as Monitoring in Fish Farming." bit-Tech 4, no. 3 (2022): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32877/bt.v4i3.441.
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The development of science and technology has developed rapidly at this time and will have a positive impact to facilitate human activities, including aquarium ornamental fish hobbyists. The problems encountered are, ornamental fish sellers who have difficulty monitoring all aquarium conditions and feeding and for people who are very busy and even indifferent to monitoring and feeding their ornamental fish. This tool has a water heater as well as a water temperature and pH sensor that can directly monitor the conditions in the aquarium. Arduino Uno is the mainboard that is used to control all sensors with Internet of Things (IoT) including : water temperature sensors, water turbidity sensors, water level sensors, water pH sensors, automatic lights, water heaters that will automatically turn on when the temperature is low and will automatically turn off when they reach the specified temperature and ESP8266-01 which functions to communicate between the Board and the smartphone, as well as the components of the tool and its uses are in accordance with requests from users obtained through Requirement Elicitation. Through the BlackBox trial, it includes low temperature testing of the water which makes the water heater automatically turn on and the water heater turns off when it reaches the specified temperature, monitoring water pH, water temperature, water level, water turbidity, on & off lights and feeding fish manually via a smartphone. And for the results of the Smart Aquarium trial, it can be operated with an Android smartphone, at least Android OS 4.3 and above.
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Shea, V. K., and E. R. Perl. "Failure of sympathetic stimulation to affect responsiveness of rabbit polymodal nociceptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 3 (1985): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.3.513.
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The responses of polymodal nociceptors with unmyelinated (C) fibers of the rabbit's great auricular nerve were examined with and without intermittent stimulation of the ipsilateral cervical sympathetic trunk. The receptive field of each polymodal nociceptor was heated twice in a stepwise manner from 30 to 50 or 55 degrees C in 5 degree C steps. For each unit, one heating trial was a control trial and the other was accompanied by sympathetic stimulation. The order of the control and sympathetic stimulation trials and the maximum testing temperature were varied systematically among the units examined. The initial responses of polymodal nociceptors in the first heating trial in the presence of sympathetic stimulation were similar to the responses of units whose first heating was a control trial. Units whose receptive fields were tested to a maximum temperature of 50 degrees C in the first trial displayed enhanced responses to heat in their second trial (sensitization), while units tested initially to 55 degrees C responded less briskly during their second heating trial (depression). However, the occurrence of sympathetic stimulation in the second heating trials had no apparent effect on the responses to heat of sensitized or depressed elements. Alterations in the numbers of impulses, instantaneous frequency, or pattern of impulse activity of individual units could not be attributed to sympathetic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Saunders, L. M., D. M. Tompkins, and P. J. Hudson. "Strategies for nematode transmission: selective migration of Trichostrongylus tenuis infective larvae." Journal of Helminthology 75, no. 4 (2001): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x01000579.
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Successful transmission of macroparasites is dependent on exposure of susceptible hosts to free-living infective stages. When these hosts are herbivores that feed mostly on a single food plant then natural selection should favour those infective larvae that selectively ascend this main food plant. Red grouse feed predominantly on heather,Calluna vulgaris, so we predict that the infective larvae (L3) of the caecal nematodeTrichostrongylus tenuisselectively locate and ascend heather plants. To determine whether the presence of heather influences the horizontal dispersal ofT. tenuisL3 across soil, the movement of L3 across trays of soil with and without heather was investigated in the laboratory. MoreT. tenuisL3 were recovered from soil when heather was present, implying that larval migration may be influenced by chemical cues produced by heather plants. This was investigated in a second experiment, in which the horizontal dispersal ofT. tenuislarvae was examined in the presence of heather and grass vegetation. This trial was repeated with larvae of a second species,Haemonchus contortus, a nematode whose hosts feed on a wide range of grass and shrub species. Significantly more larvae of both nematode species were recovered in the region of the heather than the grass or controls. This implies thatT. tenuisandH. contortusL3 exhibit selective migration towards heather, perhaps reflecting a general response to plant cues which may be stronger for heather than for grass.
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Herrmann, Anja, and Rudy Leon De Wilde. "Insufflation with Humidified and Heated Carbon Dioxide in Short-Term Laparoscopy: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/412618.
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Background.We tested the hypothesis that warm-humidified carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation would reduce postoperative pain and morphine requirement compared to cold-dry CO2insufflation.Methods.A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to compare warm, humidified CO2and cold-dry CO2. Patients with benign uterine diseases were randomized to either treatment (n=48) or control (n=49) group during laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Primary endpoints of the study were rest pain, movement pain, shoulder-tip pain, and cough pain at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively, measured by visual analogue scale. Secondary outcomes were morphine consumption, rejected boli, temperature change, recovery room stay, and length of hospital stay.Results.There were no significant differences in all baseline characteristics. Shoulder-tip pain at 6 h postoperatively was significantly reduced in the intervention group. Pain at rest, movement pain, and cough pain did not differ. Total morphine consumption and rejected boli at 24 h postoperatively were significantly higher in the control group. Temperature change, recovery room stay, and length of hospital were similar.Conclusions.Warm, humidified insufflation gas significantly reduces postoperative shoulder-tip pain as well as morphine demand. This trial is registered withClinical Trial Registration Number DRKS00003853(German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS)).
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Wrzeszczynski, Kazimierz O., Heather Geiger, Sowmya T. Srinivasa, et al. "Abstract 757: Clinical interpretation and utility of whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing for precision oncology." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-757.
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Abstract The New York Genome Center CLIA laboratory has been providing New York State approved molecular diagnostic whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) since October 2018. Indications for testing are cancers (solid tumors or hematological malignancies) where a mutational profile from multiple genes would be informative for disease stratification, prognosis, treatment options or alternative treatments or clinical trials. Germline analysis for ACMG designated cancer predisposition variants also is performed for consented patients. To date we have provided clinical next generation sequencing (NGS) genomic profile reports for 139 oncological cases from 31 different cancer types including GBM (41 cases), Pancreas (17), CRC (15), Lung (8) and others. The clinical interpretation of WGTS data of molecular tumor markers from NGS encompasses automated variant calling tools with human interpretation. The final mostly manual review of data is intensive, involving highly trained scientists engaged in substantial literature review and interpretation for each case alongside pathologists, molecular geneticists, and treating oncologists. We first present the technical challenges of validating a WGTS oncological diagnostic assay for appropriate clinical grade accuracy and sensitivity acceptable for patient care. We then present case studies illustrating the varying degree of tumor profiling and analysis outlining the current clinical utility and challenges of precision oncology medicine and therapeutic associations from sequencing of cancer patient tumors. We conclude with a previously unreported summary of therapeutic actionability derived from WGTS for all cancer cases sequenced at NYGC. We show that 28% percent of all samples in our cohort contain a tier 1 variant but additional second line therapies (or off-label drugs) can be considered for over 75% of WGTS sequenced cancer patients. Our case studies being in both solid tumor and hematological cancers illustrate the variability in sequencing data and the individual patient specificities in each interpretation of clinical findings. We show how NGS sequencing can offer multiple treatment outcomes when combining all genomic aberrations (copy number, structural variants and SNV/indels) found in a subtype of prostate cancer. We present hematological malignancies that show how certain DNA mutations point to RNA aberrations leading to therapeutic associations. In pancreatic cancer we present how a unique alteration in BRAF can lead to second line treatment with clinical benefit. We therefore demonstrate that more complete NGS assays those examining both the whole genome and transcriptome have added value in precision oncology practice enabling to find second-line treatment options or alternative therapeutic options when primary approaches fail or are not identified following a targeted sequencing approach. Citation Format: Kazimierz O. Wrzeszczynski, Heather Geiger, Sowmya T. Srinivasa, Marilena Melas, Valisha Shah, Vanessa Felice, Luisa Suarez, Endre Hegedus, Shruti Phadke, Saurav Guha, Dina Manaa, Dino Robinson, Lena Fielding, Vaidehi Jobanputra. Clinical interpretation and utility of whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing for precision oncology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 757.
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Ertu¨rk, Hakan, Ofodike A. Ezekoye, and John R. Howell. "Boundary Condition Design to Heat a Moving Object at Uniform Transient Temperature Using Inverse Formulation." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 3 (2004): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1763179.
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The boundary condition design of a three-dimensional furnace that heats an object moving along a conveyor belt of an assembly line is considered. A furnace of this type can be used by the manufacturing industry for applications such as industrial baking, curing of paint, annealing or manufacturing through chemical deposition. The object that is to be heated moves along the furnace as it is heated following a specified temperature history. The spatial temperature distribution on the object is kept isothermal through the whole process. The temperature distribution of the heaters of the furnace should be changed as the object moves so that the specified temperature history can be satisfied. The design problem is transient where a series of inverse problems are solved. The process furnace considered is in the shape of a rectangular tunnel where the heaters are located on the top and the design object moves along the bottom. The inverse design approach is used for the solution, which is advantageous over a traditional trial-and-error solution where an iterative solution is required for every position as the object moves. The inverse formulation of the design problem is ill-posed and involves a set of Fredholm equations of the first kind. The use of advanced solvers that are able to regularize the resulting system is essential. These include the conjugate gradient method, the truncated singular value decomposition or Tikhonov regularization, rather than an ordinary solver, like Gauss-Seidel or Gauss elimination.
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Pavlinic, Daniela Zavec, Eugene H. Wissler, and Igor B. Mekjavic. "Using a mathematical model of human temperature regulation to evaluate the impact of protective clothing on wearer thermal balance." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 20 (2011): 2149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511414971.
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Thermal factors are often important in determining whether a given clothing ensemble is suitable for use under specified conditions. Although final approval of a particular ensemble often involves field trials, the need for such trials can be minimized by measuring the thermal properties of the garment using a heated manikin and then predicting human behavior using a mathematical human thermal model. While many laboratories are capable of measuring the properties of garments using manikins and several mathematical models exist, there have been very few published comparisons of actual human behavior with model predictions. The purpose of this paper is to present such a comparison for soldiers wearing a Slovene Armed Forces summer clothing ensemble during a three-hour hike across a 160 m high ridge. Values measured during the trial were: oxygen consumption; skin and core temperatures; regional thermal fluxes; clothing temperature; and environmental conditions. Subjective assessments of thermal comfort were made at regular intervals during the hike. Agreement between predicted and actual behavior was reasonable, although there were significant differences which could be attributed both to deficiencies in the model and to difficulties inherent in conducting field trials of this kind.
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Tsuji, Bun, Yasushi Honda, Naoto Fujii, Narihiko Kondo, and Takeshi Nishiyasu. "Comparison of hyperthermic hyperventilation during passive heating and prolonged light and moderate exercise in the heat." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 9 (2012): 1388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00335.2012.
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Elevation of core temperature leads to increases in ventilation in both resting subjects and those engaged in prolonged exercise. We compared the characteristics of the hyperthermic hyperventilation elicited during passive heating at rest and during prolonged moderate and light exercise. Twelve healthy men performed three trials: a rest trial in which subjects were passively heated using hot-water immersion (41°C) and a water-perfused suit and two exercise trials in which subjects exercised at 25% (light) or 50% (moderate) of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (37°C and 50% relative humidity) after first using water immersion (18°C) to reduce resting esophageal temperature ( Tes). This protocol enabled detection of a Tes threshold for hyperventilation during the exercise. When minute ventilation (V̇e) was expressed as a function of Tes, 9 of the 12 subjects showed Tes thresholds for hyperventilation in all trials. The Tes thresholds for increases in V̇e during light and moderate exercise (37.1 ± 0.4 and 36.9 ± 0.4°C) were both significantly lower than during rest (38.3 ± 0.6°C), but the Tes thresholds did not differ between the two exercise intensities. The sensitivity of V̇e to increasing Tes (slope of the Tes-V̇e relation) above the threshold was significantly lower during moderate exercise (8.7 ± 3.5 l·min−1·°C−1) than during rest (32.5 ± 24.2 l·min−1·°C−1), but the sensitivity did not differ between light (10.4 ± 13.0 l·min−1·°C−1) and moderate exercise. These results suggest the core temperature threshold for hyperthermic hyperventilation and the hyperventilatory response to increasing core temperature in passively heated subjects differs from that in exercising subjects, irrespective of whether the exercise is moderate or light.
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Fu, Aihua, Wenwu Cui, Minh V. Ton, et al. "Abstract P2-01-15: Developing highly sensitive high NGS data efficient ctDNA detection assays for breast cancer surveillance." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (2022): P2–01–15—P2–01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p2-01-15.
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Abstract Introduction: Growing data established the importance of monitoring dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to identify early signs of therapeutic responses, allowing for timely management of treatment to achieve more effective personalized therapy. Higher assay accuracy and consistency, and lower assay cost will support more clinical validation trials and benefit more cancer patients with non-invasive ctDNA NGS tests that can simultaneously map multiple genomic alterations at an affordable price. Method: The NVIGEN X - Precision Cancer Profiling test is a next generation sequencing (NGS) based circulating tumor DNA detection assay using the hybridization capture approach with customized gene panels. Our ctDNA NGS assay was developed with the use of high performance magnetic nanobeads, which enhances assay workflow at key steps including cfDNA extraction, NGS library preparation, and target enrichment. Experiments with individual plasma samples and DNA mutant fragments spiked in plasma samples were carried out to establish the assay performance such as sensitivity, specificity, consistency and data efficiency. NGS data QC metrics of the NVIGEN assay were compared with other assays in peer reviewed publications. Results: We developed a focus 32 gene panel that covers 144 kb of gene regions of clinical significance for breast cancer treatment monitoring and guidance, such as AKT1, ERBB2, PIK3CA, EGFR, ESR1, BRCA1/2, and CD274. Our results demonstrated the capability of NVIGEN X ctDNA NGS assay to detect rare copies (8 cp) of gene mutation at 0.07% MAF from DNA mutant fragments spiked into plasma samples. The NVIGEN X ctDNA NGS assays consistently presented 2-5% duplication rate, &gt;80% on-target rate, &lt;10% CV for key NGS data metrics, and on average required 1.36X paired reads per 1X unique coverage. Compared with the Roche Avenio assays (targeted, expanded and surveillance panels) as published in 2020 which on average required 9.36X paired reads per 1X unique coverage, the NVIGEN X -precision cancer profiling assays demonstrated 85% reduction in NGS data need to generate each unique coverage. Compared with the original Capp-seq data as published in the 2014 Nature Medicine paper which required in average 13.78 or 27.56 paired reads per unique coverage, the NVIGEN X assay demonstrated &gt;90% reduction in NGS data need per unique coverage. Conclusion: The NVIGEN X - Precision Cancer Profiling assay provided high NGS assay performance with high sensitivity, specificity, and consistency, and significantly improved NGS data efficiency. This allows for dramatically reduced assay cost and will help support routine applications of ctDNA NGS tests to improve cancer patient treatment. Experiments of applying NVIGEN X assays for clinical research with patient samples are ongoing and will be presented. Citation Format: Aihua Fu, Wenwu Cui, Minh V. Ton, Kevan Wang, Weiwei Gu, Tianhong Li, Heather A. Parsons, Minetta C. Liu, George W. Sledge. Developing highly sensitive high NGS data efficient ctDNA detection assays for breast cancer surveillance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-15.
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TP, Krishna Kumar, Pallavi D R, M. Ramachandran, and Chandrasekar Raja. "Evaluation of Techno-economic Using Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) Method." Recent trends in Management and Commerce 3, no. 2 (2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/rmc/3/2/7.
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Techno economic means feasibility of project requirement and optimized technology means selection. Techno-economic means existing market and technology is an analysis of selection of technology in project design in demand capacity techno-economic max existing. Chamoli, uttarakhand, India electrical and cooking energy to meet the requirements, integrated renewable energy on the development of the system a techno-economic study has been carried out on paper. Locally available renewable energy resources and exploration capacity of area requirements an attempt has been made to assess. In this from analysis Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) complex system elements of the cause-and-effect chain a great one for identification considered proper. This is interdependence between factors assessing relationships and through visual structural modeling what matters deals with identifying. Alternative: air conditioner, color television, washing machine, water heater, electric cooker. Evaluation preference: air conditioner, color television, washing machine, water heater, electric cooker. The result it is seen that Air conditioner is got the first rank where as is the Water heater is having the lowest rank. As a result, the air conditioner gets the first rank, while the water heater gets the lowest rank.
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Church, N. I., H. J. Dallal, J. Masson, et al. "A randomized trial comparing heater probe plus thrombin with heater probe plus placebo for bleeding peptic ulcer." Gastroenterology 125, no. 2 (2003): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00889-8.
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Drost, Dan, Taunya Ernst, and Brent Black. "Soil Heating and Secondary Plant Covers Influence Growth and Yield of Winter High Tunnel Spinach." HortScience 52, no. 9 (2017): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12142-17.
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High tunnel (HT) winter production may be limited by extreme low air temperatures, suboptimal soil temperatures, large diurnal temperature changes, and short daylengths and associated low light conditions. To determine the productivity of spinach in extreme climates, HT production trials were conducted in the fall (October to December) and winter (January to March) of 2010–12 at the Greenville Research Farm in Logan, UT (lat. 41 N. elevation 1455 m). Soil heating (±) using electric cables and secondary covers (fabric rowcovers and plastic low tunnels) were evaluated to determine combined effects on fall and winter spinach production. Soil heating significantly increased yield in all cover treatments in the Fall 2010 (F2010) trial when spinach was planted in November, but had little to no effect on plant productivity in the other three trials (more appropriate planting dates) even though it did increase soil temperature marginally. The addition of secondary covers significantly increased plant biomass and leaf area when compared with the uncovered control. Excluding the F2011 trial when spinach was planted earlier under more favorable temperature and light conditions, the use of low tunnels resulted in significantly higher spinach yields (biomass and leaf area) than when grown under fabric rowcover. In the fall, relative growth rates (RGRs) decreased exponentially regardless of whether the soil was heated or not heated or if a secondary cover was used. This response was because of the seasonal decline in light levels and temperatures. In the winter production cycle, spinach relative growth without covers was similar or increased as climatic conditions improved. For plants grown under fabric or plastic rowcovers, RGR remained more constant or decreased during the production cycle. Increased yields were possible with secondary covers as air temperatures increase more quickly in the morning, maintained optimal temperatures longer each day (higher growing degree hours), and retained trapped heat later into the evening. Statistical interaction between heating cables and secondary covers were rarely observed. Fall and winter HT spinach production increases when further protection with secondary plant covers is provided; however, supplemental soil heating is not necessary.
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Farah Dina, Sari, Jufrizal, Siti Masriani Rambe, Harry P. Limbong, and Edwin H. Sipahutar. "Design of Solar Water Heater Using Collector Cylindric Parabolic and Coil Heater as Absorber at Focus Point." E3S Web of Conferences 328 (2021): 07016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132807016.
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Solar thermal water heating systems have been developed to replace conventional heating. Therefore, the design of a parabolic cylinder collector-type solar heating unit with a coil-shaped heater (absorber) has been carried out. The cylindrical collector is made of an aluminum plate covered with a reflective sticker and the base is insulated, having a diameter, height, length, and position of the focal point 150, 60, 200, and 22.4 cm, respectively. The coil water heater of 3/8-inch diameter copper pipe having a diameter, pitch, and length of 20, 3, and 200 cm, respectively. The concentration ratio between collector area and heating pipe area (absorber) is 3.6. The results of heating trials conducted from 10:00 to 16:00 WIT, in Duplo to 100 liters of water circulated through the heating pipe at a speed of 0.017 kg/sec, indicate that heating is affected by fluctuations in radiation intensity. Thermal efficiency is inversely proportional to heating time. the lower the time when the difference between the temperature of the incoming and outgoing water gets smaller, or in other words in the evening the water temperature approaches a steady state. The achieved maximum water-heating temperature is 53C in the average radiation range during the test is 687-693 W/m2.
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Fullarton, G. M., G. G. Birnie, A. MacDonald, and W. R. Murray. "Controlled trial of heater probe treatment in bleeding peptic ulcers." British Journal of Surgery 76, no. 6 (1989): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800760606.
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Shah, Chinmayee, Carly Campbell, Heather Cohen, et al. "Abstract A28: Establishment of an ex vivo tissue culture platform as a preclinical model to assess the mechanism of action of Bicycle® tumor-targeted immune cell agonists in NSCLC." Cancer Immunology Research 10, no. 12_Supplement (2022): A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm22-a28.
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Abstract The translation of drug discovery to bedside for cancer therapy is low with only 5% of anti-cancer compounds getting past phase III clinical trials. Since the tumor microenvironment is complex, there is a need for a relevant preclinical model to bridge the gap between tumor behavior and clinical therapeutic response for novel therapies. We have developed a novel class of modular synthetic drugs, termed Bicycle® tumor-targeted immune cell agonists (Bicycle® TICAs), which are multifunctional molecules comprised of constrained bicyclic peptides [1]. BT7480, a Nectin-4-dependent CD137 agonist, is the first molecule of this class and entered clinical evaluation in 2021. Preclinical data in syngeneic mouse models showed that BT7480 led to a profound reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment including early myeloid cell activation that preceded T cell infiltration and upregulation of cytotoxicity-related genes [2]. We are also developing CD137 Bicycle® TICAs that are targeted to the EphA2 receptor. The tumor antigens Nectin-4 and EphA2 have both been reported to be overexpressed in lung cancer [3-4] and our data using immunohistochemistry (IHC) of lung tumor microarrays (TMAs) supports these findings [5-6]. To investigate the mechanism of action of Bicycle® TICAs in a human model system, here we describe the development and optimization of an ex vivo organotypic histoculture model that uses freshly resected human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissue and preserves the tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity. NSCLC was chosen as the tumor type to study based on evidence of co-expression and co-localization of Nectin-4 and CD137, the targets of BT7480, in TMAs using spatial proteomic profiling. We found that NSCLC tumor explants maintain tissue integrity and tumor cell viability up to 72 hours in culture. The baseline tumor tissue was also phenotypically characterized for tumor and immune cell content using flow cytometry and IHC by monitoring the tumor cell marker PanCK, the tumor antigens of interest Nectin-4 and EphA2, and several immune cell markers, including CD45, CD3, CD8, and CD137. Importantly, we found that the tumor explants were infiltrated with viable immune cells in a subpopulation that expressed CD137. We were also able to elucidate a T-cell specific cytokine response within 48 hours by subjecting the explants to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation, which supports the proposition that our histoculture platform contains live and functional tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Overall, we demonstrate a rapid and reproducible ex vivo histoculture platform that is potentially poised to evaluate functional proof-of-concept of Bicycle TICA™ molecules in a human model system. References: [1] Upadhyaya P, et al., JITC 2021;9:e001762 [2] Hurov K, et al., JITC 2021;9:e002883 [3] Challita-Eid PM, et al., Cancer Res 2016;76:3003 [4] Kinch MS, et al., Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:613 [5] Campbell C, et al., Cancer Res 2020;80:5300 [6] Campbell C, et al., Cancer Res 2021;81:1197 Citation Format: Chinmayee Shah, Carly Campbell, Heather Cohen, Kristen Hurov, Phil Brandish, Nicolas Keen, Raphael Bueno, Simona Innocenti, Julianne Barlow, Corinne Gustafson. Establishment of an ex vivo tissue culture platform as a preclinical model to assess the mechanism of action of Bicycle® tumor-targeted immune cell agonists in NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
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Kabraji, Sheheryar, Jing Ni, Sarah Sammons, et al. "Abstract PD4-05: Preclinical and clinical efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM)." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (2022): PD4–05—PD4–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-pd4-05.
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Abstract Purpose: Up to half of patients (pts) with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) will develop BCBM. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with demonstrated efficacy in previously treated pts with HER2+ MBC. However, few pts with stable/treated brain metastases, and no pts with active (untreated or progressive) brain metastases, were included in completed clinical trials of T-DXd. Thus, central nervous system (CNS) efficacy of T-DXd is not well-characterized. Methods: We tested T-DXd in orthotopic pt BCBM-derived xenograft (PDX) models of HER2+, and HER2-low, BCBMs. To further validate T-DXd single agent CNS activity, we described clinical outcomes of T-DXd in a multi-institutional retrospective cohort of 16 patients with BCBM. Consecutive pts who initiated T-DXd between 1 Jan 2020 - 1 Nov 2020 (Duke) or 1 Jan 2020 - 15 June 2020 (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) were included. Data cut-off date was 31 Dec 2020. CNS response was measured by via central radiology review at each participating institution. Up to 5 CNS target lesions were included. CNS partial response (PR) required &gt;30% reduction in sum of CNS target lesions. Results: Treatment with 10 mg/kg T-DXd significantly prolonged survival in HER2+ BCBM PDX models DFBM-354 (67 vs 154 days, p=0.0018) and DFBM-355 (78 vs 156 days, p=0.0067) vs. vehicle control. We then tested TDX-d in a HER2 low BCBM PDX model (IHC 2+/FISH ratio &lt;2) and found that c.f. vehicle, TDX-d significantly prolonged survival (72 v 141 days, p = 0.02). Finally, we treated DFBM-355 with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) to generate resistance followed by treatment with T-DXd. We found that c.f. vehicle or continued T-DM1, T-DXd significantly prolonged survival in a T-DM1 resistant BCBM PDX model (63 vs 99 vs 215 days, p=0.01). In the retrospective cohort, median age was 44 (33-69 years). 15/16 pts had confirmed HER2 IHC 3+ or FISH-positive primary or metastatic tissue. 9/16 (56%) pts had either progressive or untreated HER2+ BCBMs on initiation of T-DXd. Median number of prior metastatic therapies was 4 (0-10). 14/16 (88%) had received previous T-DM1; 11/16 (69%) had received previous HER2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Median time from previous CNS radiation was 15.1 months (1.3 - 45.2). At the time of data cutoff, 7 pts remained on T-DXd. Median number of cycles was 7 (2-17+). Responses are shown in Table 1. The overall intracranial clinical benefit rate (CR/PR or stable disease) was 75%, including 89% (8/9) of those with progressive or untreated BCBM at baseline. Conclusions: In a multi-institution cohort of 16 pts with HER2+ BCBMs treated with T-DXd, we find preliminary evidence of CNS efficacy, including in pts with progressive or untreated BCBMs. Additional pt data and further follow up will be presented at the meeting. Using BCBM PDX models we find that T-DXd prolongs survival in untreated HER2+ BCBM PDX models as well as in T-DM1 treated models. We also demonstrate efficacy of T-DXd in a HER2 low BCBM PDX model. Together, these data suggest that T-DXd has intracranial efficacy against HER2+ BCBMs. Prospective clinical trials in this pt population are warranted. Table 1.Best CNS Response of study cohortOverall population (n=16)Pts with progressive or untreated CNS disease at baseline (N=9)Pts with stable/treated CNS disease at baseline (N=7)Complete response (CR)0 (0)00 (0)Partial response (PR)10 (63)6 (67)#4 (57)+Stable disease (SD)2 (13)2 (22)0 (0)Progressive disease (PD)1 (6)0 (0)1 (14)No measurable CNS disease at baseline2 (13)0 (0)2 (29)Lost to follow-up1 (6)1 (11)0 (0).#Among these 6 pts, interval between most recent radiation and T-DXd initiation was 14.3 months, 12.4 months, 17 months, 18.2 months, and 8.2 months (one pt was radiation-naïve). +Among these 4 pts, interval between most recent radiation and T-DXd initiation was 19.1 months, 15.1 months, 1.5 months, and 16.9 months, respectively. Citation Format: Sheheryar Kabraji, Jing Ni, Sarah Sammons, Amanda ED Van Swearingen, Yanzhi Wang, Alyssa M Pereslete, Liangge Hsu, Chris Lascola, Heather Moore, Melissa Hughes, Akshara S Raghavendra, Maria Gule-Monroe, Rashmi K Murthy, Eric P Winer, Carey K Anders, Jean J Zhao, Nancy U Lin. Preclinical and clinical efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-05.
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Tsuji, Bun, Davide Filingeri, Yasushi Honda, et al. "Effect of hypocapnia on the sensitivity of hyperthermic hyperventilation and the cerebrovascular response in resting heated humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 1 (2018): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00232.2017.
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Elevating core temperature at rest causes increases in minute ventilation (V̇e), which lead to reductions in both arterial CO2 partial pressure (hypocapnia) and cerebral blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that in resting heated humans this hypocapnia diminishes the ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature but does not explain a large portion of the decrease in cerebral blood flow. Fourteen healthy men were passively heated using hot-water immersion (41°C) combined with a water-perfused suit, which caused esophageal temperature (Tes) to reach 39°C. During heating in two separate trials, end-tidal CO2 partial pressure decreased from the level before heating (39.4 ± 2.0 mmHg) to the end of heating (30.5 ± 6.3 mmHg) ( P = 0.005) in the Control trial. This decrease was prevented by breathing CO2-enriched air throughout the heating such that end-tidal CO2 partial pressure did not differ between the beginning (39.8 ± 1.5 mmHg) and end (40.9 ± 2.7 mmHg) of heating ( P = 1.00). The sensitivity to rising Tes (i.e., slope of the Tes − V̇E relation) did not differ between the Control and CO2-breathing trials (37.1 ± 43.1 vs. 16.5 ± 11.1 l·min−1·°C−1, P = 0.31). In both trials, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV) decreased early during heating (all P < 0.01), despite the absence of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia. CO2 breathing increased MCAV relative to Control at the end of heating ( P = 0.005) and explained 36.6% of the heat-induced reduction in MCAV. These results indicate that during passive heating at rest ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not suppressed by hypocapnia and that most of the decrease in cerebral blood flow occurs independently of hypocapnia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hyperthermia causes hyperventilation and concomitant hypocapnia and cerebral hypoperfusion. The last may underlie central fatigue. We are the first to demonstrate that hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia and that hypocapnia explains only 36% of cerebral hypoperfusion elicited by hyperthermia. These new findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling ventilation and cerebral blood flow during heat stress, which may be useful for developing interventions aimed at preventing central fatigue during hyperthermia.
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Flessner, Michael F. "Pharmacokinetic problems in peritoneal drug administration: an update after 20 years." Pleura and Peritoneum 1, no. 4 (2016): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pp-2016-0022.
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AbstractIntraperitoneal chemotherapy has demonstrated significant pharmacologic and clinical advantage over traditional intravenous administration for cancers that are restricted to the peritoneal cavity. The combination of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the standard technique used to fight ovarian and gastrointestinal cancers in many centers. However, challenges remain for HIPEC to contact the entire peritoneal surface, penetrate the tumor tissue, and transport to the lymphatics and other metastatic sites. New innovations in delivery technique, such as heated aerosol, and in delivery molecules, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, nanogels, and tumor-penetrating peptides are being tested in animal models and will likely soon be in human trials. Improvements in overall care, such as the recent clinical trial of an oral agent for maintenance therapy in ovarian carcinoma, will continue in this field for the next 20 years.
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Cowper, Gavin, Martin Barwood, and Stuart Goodall. "Improved 2000-m Rowing Performance in a Cool Environment With an External Heating Garment." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 1 (2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0923.
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Purpose: Rowers can be in marshaling areas for up to 20 to 25 min before the start of a race, which likely negates any benefits of an active warm-up, especially in cold environments. It is unknown if using a heated jacket following a standardized rowing warm-up can improve 2000-m rowing performance. Methods: On 2 separate occasions, 10 trained male rowers completed a standardized rowing warm-up, followed by 25 min of passive rest before a 2000-m rowing time trial on a rowing ergometer. Throughout the passive rest, the participants wore either a standardized tracksuit top (CON) or an externally heated jacket (HEAT). The trials, presented in a randomized crossover fashion, were performed in a controlled environment (temperature 8°C, humidity 50%). Rowing time-trial performance, core body temperature, and mean skin temperature, along with perceptual variables, were measured. Results: During the 25-min period, core body temperature increased in HEAT and decreased in CON (Δ0.54°C [0.74°C] vs −0.93°C [1.14°C]; P = .02). Additionally, mean skin temperature (30.22°C [1.03°C] vs 28.86°C [1.07°C]) was higher in HEAT versus CON (P < .01). In line with the physiological data, the perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT versus CON, and subsequently, rowing performance was improved in HEAT compared with CON (433.1 [12.7] s vs 437.9 [14.4] s, P < .01). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that an upper-body external heating garment worn following a warm-up can improve rowing performance in a cool environment.
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Kaufmane, Edīte, Silvija Ruisa, and Katrīna Kārkliņa. "Results of Propagation of Three Cultivars of Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles Japonica)." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 76, no. 4 (2022): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0073.
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Abstract The aim of the trial was to determine the optimal propagation methods for three Japanese quince cultivars. Rooting trials with cultivars ‘Darius’, ‘Rasa’, and ‘Rondo’ were conducted in 2017–2019 in a greenhouse, to investigate the rooting and shoot quality of softwood cuttings, using different treatments. At the beginning of fruit production, growth and amount of the first yield was evaluated depending on propagation method. Softwood cuttings of Japanese quince rooted well (average 82–93%) in a greenhouse with heated substrate and partly automated temperature and moisture control, in spite of different weather conditions during three vegetation periods. The best results for rooting were found for cultivar ‘Rondo’. On average, better results of rooting for all cultivars were obtained when cuttings were soaked in indolylbutiric acid solution and trichodermin was added to the substrate. Significant differences in length and diameter of the bush shoots found between years for both propagation methods and also between years for one type of propagation. On average, microproagated plants had the highest shoot length. After evaluating the first yield, no significant differences were found between cultivars during the first two trial years, but micro-propagated plants had significantly higher yield per bush.
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Lesur, Giltes, and Bruno Hour. "Discussion on a randomized trial comparing heater probe plus thrombin with heater probe plus placebo for bleeding peptic ulcer." Gastroenterology 126, no. 3 (2004): 939–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.042.
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Pasi, K. J., and F. G. Hill. "Safety trial of heated factor VIII concentrate (8Y)." Archives of Disease in Childhood 64, no. 10 (1989): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.64.10.1463.
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Ocsirendi, Ocsirendi, Indra Dwisaputra, M. Yunuf, and Irfan Rahmi. "Rancang Bangun Solar Water Heater Dengan Kolektor Pelat Datar Berbentuk Spiral Berbasis Mikrokontroler." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 10, no. 02 (2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v10i02.70.
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Bangka Island has high sunlight intensity, but it still has little use as an alternative energy source. Water heater available on the market have experienced a peak of innovation that continues to use electricity as energy, but as we know that heater that use electricity consume a lot of energy. In this research, a solar water heater machine with spiral collector will be made to heat water in a reservoir using sunlight energy and as a tool to see the difference between the continuous method which circulates water continuously from the reservoir to the heat collector with a delay method that circulates water with a certain delay time. Both methods and data retrieval mechanisms are controlled by an Arduino device. Based on the results of the trial, it was found that Solar water heater was able to heat water in reservoir up to 48.92 degrees Celsius and the use of the continuous method made the water temperature higher than the delay method with a maximum difference of 10.66 degrees centigrade.
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Mzad, Hocine, Kamel Bey, and Rabia Khelif. "Investigative study of the thermal performance of a trial solar air heater." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 13 (March 2019): 100373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2018.100373.
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Nowak-Wegrzyn, A. H., S. A. Leonard, R. Bencharitiwong, S. Noone, H. Lemon-Mule, and H. A. Sampson. "Follow-up of the Heated Egg (HE) Diet Trial." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127, no. 2 (2011): AB25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.112.
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Davies, Alun H., Jocelyn M. Mora, Manjit S. Gohel, Francine Heatley, and Karen Dhillon. "Early referral of venous leg ulcers: EVRA trial lessons." Nursing and Residential Care 21, no. 9 (2019): 496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2019.21.9.496.
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Venous leg ulcers can go unnoticed for some time, especially with people who receive care in the community. Alun Davies, Jocelyn Mora, Manjit Gohel, Francine Heatley and Karen Dhillon discuss the benefits of early intervention.
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Ogdie, A., L. Coates, R. Acayaba DE Toledo, et al. "AB0905 Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) After Inadequate Response or Intolerance to DMARDs: Pooled Results From the Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind KEEPsAKE 1 and 2 Trials." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2913.
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BackgroundPsA is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease with diverse clinical manifestations that can impact a patients’ quality of life. Risankizumab (RZB), a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits interleukin 23 by binding to its p19 subunit, is approved for the treatment of active PsA in adults. In the phase 3 KEEPsAKE 1 and 2 studies, RZB treatment resulted in significantly greater improvements in signs and symptoms of active PsA compared with placebo (PBO).1,2 RAPID3 is frequently used in clinical practice to evaluate PsA disease activity and consists of 3 key patient-reported measures (physical function, pain, and patient’s global assessment of disease activity [PtGA]).3ObjectivesTo evaluate short- (24 week) and long-term (52 week) improvements in RAPID3 scores and achievement of RAPID3 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) across the RZB KEEPsAKE 1 and 2 clinical program.MethodsIn KEEPsAKE 1 (NCT03675308) and KEEPsAKE 2 (NCT03671148), patients with active PsA who experienced inadequate response or intolerance to ≥ 1 csDMARD (KEEPsAKE 1) and/or ≤ 2 biological therapies (KEEPsAKE 2) were randomized to PBO or RZB 150 mg from baseline to week (W) 24; from W28–W52, all patients received open-label RZB 150 mg. At W16, nonresponders could add or modify rescue therapy. This post hoc analysis assessed the mean change from baseline to W24 and W52 in RAPID3 scores and the proportion of patients who achieved a RAPID3 MCID (defined as a decrease of ≥3.8 points4). Modified RAPID3 scores (range: 0–30) were calculated using pain scores, PtGA, and HAQ-DI, each rescaled to 0–10 and summed together.3ResultsA total of 961 and 443 patients were included from KEEPsAKE 1 and 2, respectively. At baseline, mean RAPID3 scores were 15.3 in both treatment arms of KEEPsAKE 1 (PBO n = 479, RZB n = 482) and 15.1 (PBO n = 219) and 14.8 (RZB n = 224) in KEEPsAKE 2. From W4 to W24, RAPID3 scores were significantly reduced with RZB treatment compared with PBO in both KEEPsAKE 1 (mean change from baseline at W24 of −5.3 vs −2.4, respectively, P <.001) and KEEPsAKE 2 (−3.8 vs −1.6, P <.001; Figure 1 A, B), and a significantly greater proportion of patients achieved MCID at W24 with RZB than with PBO in KEEPsAKE 1 (57.0% vs 36.4%, P <.001) and KEEPsAKE 2 (48.8% vs 32.8%, P <.001; Table 1). At W52 among patients who received RZB from W0–W52, mean change from baseline was −7.0 (KEEPsAKE 1) and −5.2 (KEEPsAKE 2; Figure 1 C, D), and MCID was achieved by 67.5% (KEEPsAKE 1) and 56.5% (KEEPsAKE 2) of patients. Patients who switched from PBO to RZB at W24 experienced similar and substantial improvements in RAPID3 scores by W52.Table 1.Proportion of Patients Achieving a Minimal Clinically Important Difference From Baseline in RAPID3 (AO).Patients, % (n/N) [95% CI]KEEPsAKE 1KEEPsAKE 2PBORZB 150 mgPBORZB 150 mgW2436.4 (166/456) [32.0, 40.8]57.0 (262/460) [52.4, 61.5]***32.8 (64/195) [26.2, 39.4]48.8 (104/213) [42.1, 55.5]***PBO to RZB 150 mgaRZB 150 mgPBO to RZB 150 mgaRZB 150 mgW5259.8 (260/435) [55.2, 64.4]67.5 (297/440) [63.1, 71.9]57.4 (105/183) [50.2, 64.5]56.5 (109/193) [49.5, 63.5]aPatients randomized to PBO at W0 switched to open-label RZB 150 mg at W24.***, P < .001 vs PBO.AO, as observed; PBO, placebo; RAPID3, Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3; RZB, risankizumab; W, week.Figure 1.Mean Change From Baseline in RAPID3 Scores During KEEPsAKE 1 and 2.**, P < .01; ***, P < .001 vs PBO.AO, as observed; LS, least squares; MMRM, mixed-effect model repeated measurement; PBO, placebo; RAPID3, Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3; RZB, risankizumab.ConclusionRZB 150 mg was associated with improvement in RAPID3 total scores over 24–52 weeks of treatment in patients with active PsA in KEEPsAKE 1 and 2.References[1]Kristensen LE, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81:225–231.[2]Östör A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;annrheumdis-2021-221048.[3]Coates LC, et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018;70:1198–1205.[4]Ward MM, et al. J Rheumatol. 2019;46:27–30.AcknowledgementsAbbVie Inc. participated in the study design; study research; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; and writing, reviewing, and approving of this abstract for submission. All authors had access to the data; participated in the development, review, and approval of and in the decision to submit this abstract to EULAR 2022 for consideration as a poster or oral presentation. No honoraria or payments were made for authorship. AbbVie and the authors thank all study investigators for their contributions and the patients who participated in this study. AbbVie funded the research for this study and provided writing support for this abstract.Medical writing assistance, funded by AbbVie, was provided by Callie A. S. Corsa, PhD, of JB Ashtin.Disclosure of InterestsAlexis Ogdie Consultant of: AO has received consulting fees and/or honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, CorEvitas, Gilead, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AO has received grants from AbbVie, Novartis, and Pfizer to the trustees of University of Pennsylvania, and from Amgen to Forward., Laura Coates Speakers bureau: LCC has been paid as a speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB., Consultant of: LCC has worked as a paid consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Galapagos, Janssen, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: LCC has received grants/research support from AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, RICARDO ACAYABA DE TOLEDO Speakers bureau: RAT has received honoraria as a speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Celltrion, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: RAT has received honoraria as a speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Celltrion, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: RAT has received grants as an investigator from Abbvie, GSK, Novartis, and Pfizer., Ana Biljan Shareholder of: AB may hold AbbVie stock or stock options., Employee of: AB is a full-time employee of AbbVie., Heather Jones Shareholder of: HJ may hold AbbVie stock or stock options., Employee of: HJ is a full-time employee of AbbVie., Kristin Tacelosky Shareholder of: KT may hold AbbVie stock or stock options., Employee of: KT is a full-time employee of AbbVie., Cuiyong Yue Shareholder of: CY may hold AbbVie stock or stock options., Employee of: CY is a full-time employee of AbbVie., Byron Padilla Shareholder of: BP may hold AbbVie stock or stock options., Employee of: BP is a full-time employee of AbbVie., Martin Bergman Shareholder of: MB is a stock holder of Johnson & Johnson and Merck., Speakers bureau: MB has received honoraria as a speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Scipher, Consultant of: MB has received honoraria as a speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Scipher
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HARVEY, ROGER B., COLIN R. YOUNG, ROBIN C. ANDERSON, et al. "Diminution of Campylobacter Colonization in Neonatal Pigs Reared Off-Sow." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 10 (2000): 1430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.10.1430.
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Pigs may be a natural reservoir of Campylobacter and can be colonized as early as 24 h after birth. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate what effect early removal of piglets from Campylobacter-positive sows has on Campylobacter prevalence in neonates. In two trials, piglets were removed from sows within 24 h of birth and were reared in nurseries isolated from sows for 21 days. From the neonates rectal swabs were cultured for Campylobacter, and Campylobacter status of the isolated piglets was compared to that of littermates reared on sows. The nurseries consisted of wire-floored farrowing crates that were equipped with heaters and self-feeders. In trial I, the Campylobacter prevalence in nursery-reared piglets was 13 of 14 on day 2 and 0 of 14 on day 20. Campylobacter prevalence in the sow-reared piglets was 8 of 9 from days 2 to 20. In trial II, 12 of 29 on day 2, and 5 of 26 on day 20, of the nursery-reared piglets were culture positive for Campylobacter. For the sow-reared piglets, Campylobacter prevalence was 7 of 15 on day 1 and 15 of 15 (100%) on day 20. These data suggest that successful permanent colonization of the gut by Campylobacter is probably related to constant exposure of piglets to Campylobacter-positive feces. Campylobacter prevalence may be diminished in neonates that are reared off-sow in isolated nurseries.
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Zimmer, Johannes, Christian Detrois, and Markus Stommel. "Evaluation Method for Stretch Blow Moulding Simulations with Process-Oriented Experiments." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1658.
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In the Stretch blow moulding (SBM) process, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-preforms are biaxially deformed to produce thin walled bottles. Finite-Element (FE)-Simulations are an important tool to optimise this process in terms of material usage and product performance. Thereby, the implementation of the thermo-mechanical material behaviour of PET plays an important role to achieve realistic simulation results. A common approach for this purpose is to calibrate a material model with stress-strain curves from biaxial stretching experiments. Thin PET-sheets are stretched under defined temperatures and strain rates. However, these experiments include process simplifications concerning geometry, heating and deformation parameters. This paper presents a method for extracting temperature dependent stress-strain-curves from experiments close to the production process. PET-Preforms receive thermal treatment with Infrared (IR)-heaters from an SBM-machine and are subsequently inflated in free air (free blow trial). A high-speed-IR-camera is used to image the axial and radial temperature distribution on the preform immediately before blowing. The deformation process is recorded via 3d-high-speed-cameras with a frame rate of 2000/s. The cameras are synchronised with a pressure sensor to consequently calculate reliable stress-strain curves at any point on the preform. In addition FE-simulations of the free blow trials are conducted using a material model calibrated with the simplified stretching experiments of thin PET sheets. Resulting stress-strain-curves from simulations and free-blow-trials are finally compared to evaluate the quality of the material model as well as the underlying testing procedure.
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Akboğa, Özlem Şahin, and Aysel Gürkan. "Effect of active warming during general anaesthesia on post-operative body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting in adult patients: a randomized clinical trials protocol." International Journal of Clinical Trials 8, no. 4 (2021): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20214111.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of individual and combined use of intraoperative forced-air warming and warmed intravenous and irrigation fluids on post-operative body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting in adult patients receiving general anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomised controlled clinical trial. A 2x2 factorial design will used in the experiment. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to one of four groups. We attempt to report this randomized controlled trial to comply with the spirit. The study population will consist of 120 adult patients receiving general anaesthesia at university hospitals in Turkey. After the induction of anaesthesia, the first group (n=30) will be warmed with only forced-air warming device, the second group (n=30) will receive only warmed intravenous and irrigation fluids, forced-air warming as well as warmed intravenous (IV) and irrigation fluids will be applied to the third group (n=30), the fourth group (n=30) will consist of the control group without any intervention. Blood and blood products to be applied intraoperatively to all groups will be heated to 37°C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The primary outcome measures are post-operative body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting. The primary results will be subjected to a one-way analysis of variance for covariant such as amount of bleeding and volume of intraoperative fluids.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial has been registered in clinical trials: https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Registration number: NCT04907617).</p>
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Dufort, Evann L., Jonathan Sogin, Mark R. Etzel, and Barbara H. Ingham. "Inactivation Kinetics of Pathogens during Thermal Processing in Acidified Broth and Tomato Purée (pH 4.5)." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 12 (2017): 2014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-147.
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ABSTRACT Thermal inactivation kinetics for single strains of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica were measured in acidified tryptic soy broth (TSB; pH 4.5) heated at 54°C. Inactivation curves also were measured for single-pathogen five-strain cocktails of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica heated in tomato purée (pH 4.5) at 52, 54, 56, and 58°C. Inactivation curves were fit using log-linear and nonlinear (Weibull) models. The Weibull model yields the time for a 5-log reduction (t*) and a curve shape parameter (β). Decimal reduction times (D-values) and thermal resistance constants (z-values) from the two models were compared by defining t* = 5D* for the Weibull model. When the log-linear and Weibull models match at the 5-log reduction time, then t* = 5D* = 5D and D = D*. In 18 of 20 strains heated in acidified TSB, D and D* for the two models were not significantly different, although nonlinearity was observed in 35 of 60 trials. Similarly, in 51 of 52 trials for pathogen cocktails heated in tomato purée, D and D* were not significantly different, although nonlinearity was observed in 31% of trials. At a given temperature, D-values for S. enterica &lt;&lt; L. monocytogenes &lt; E. coli O157:H7 in tomato purée (pH 4.5). When using the two models, z-values calculated from the D-values were not significantly different for a given pathogen. Across all pathogens, z-values for E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica were not different but were significantly lower than the z-values for L. monocytogenes. These results are useful for supporting process filings for tomato-based acidified food products with pH 4.5 and below and are relevant to small processors of tomato-based acidified canned foods who do not have the resources to conduct research on and validate pathogen lethality.
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Daga, Subhashchandra. "Thermal Protection of Newborns: The World Health Organization Guidelines Need to Include Clear and Feasible Options for Low-Resource Settings." European Journal of Clinical Medicine 2, no. 6 (2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.6.154.
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Backgorund: Hypothermia in babies may increase mortality, directly or indirectly, by potentiating the effect of the other morbidities. Guidelines published by The World health organization (WHO) on newborn health (2015) may be inadequate to address the issue in a low-resource setting. To be relevant in such a context, they should be user-friendly for the trainers of health workers (HW) who may be responsible for interpreting the recommendations and training the HW.
 Text: According to earlier guidelines (2013), ‘No randomized or quasi-randomized trial that evaluated the impact of keeping infants warm after discharge (hospital births) or after 24 hours (home births) was identified’. However, kangaroo mother care (KMC), a strong recommendation with moderate-quality evidence, and thermal protection are inseparable, as the most crucial component of KMC is skin-to-skin contact, which keeps a baby warm. A HW may be surprised when the guidelines or the basis change and, the move comes at a time when the earlier guidelines (1993) are just finding roots in patient care practices. Current guidelines are based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, where randomized trials assume more importance. The guidelines recommend the following methods to keep infants warm after birth: KMC (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence), intermittent KMC (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence), and radiant warmers or incubators (strong recommendation, very low-quality evidence). The divergence between the evidence and the recommendations may be difficult for the HW to comprehend.
 Conclusions: The guidelines for postnatal care need to be revisited and revised so that clear and feasible options for keeping infants warm in low-resource settings are offered. Besides KMC, warm rooms, heated mattresses, plastic wraps and Styrofoam boxes may be suggested. 
 What is already known about this subject?
 • In the absence of a randomized or quasi-randomized trial that evaluated the impact of keeping infants warm, there are fewer options in a low-resource setting. 
 • They include Kangaroo mother care and incubators/radiant warmers.
 What does this study add?
 • Options that may not have been supported by randomized trials but have consistent results may be suggested.
 • They include warm rooms, heated mattresses, plastic wraps and Styrofoam boxes.
 • In future revisions, the level of evidence should be paired with the recommendations.
 How might this impact on clinical practice or future developments?
 The health worker may choose the most feasible option at home or at a facility.
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Lewis, Micah A., and Samir Trabelsi. "Investigating the Influence of Grain Drying with Ambient Air Versus Heated Air within an Eighth-Scale Grain Drying Bin." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 38, no. 3 (2022): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14890.
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HighlightsDrying of corn and wheat was monitored and controlled in real-time via the eighth-scale grain drying systemHeat and mass transfer during drying were simulated for corn and wheat when dried with heated and ambient airSimulated results provided prediction of preheating, constant-rate, and falling-rate periods at different heights within the drying grainMoisture content determined from simulation compared well with empirical data; root mean square error (RMSE) for corn and wheat (heated and ambient) were 0.61%, 0.45%, 0.61%, and 0.50% moisture content w.b., respectivelyAbstract. The choice of whether to use heated or ambient air during grain and oilseed drying is often complex, and it has a great effect on the overall quality of the product. A significant problem when drying with heated air is overdrying the bottom layer in attempting to dry the top layer. This is possible because grains or oilseeds within a storage bin can be more than 15.2 m deep. However, while the bottom layer is less likely to be overdried when using ambient air, there is a risk that the upper layers could be subject to mold and degradation if moisture is not removed quickly enough. An eighth-scale grain drying bin was equipped with temperature, moisture, and relative humidity sensors at different heights to observe temperature and moisture migration throughout the 60-cm deep bed as corn and wheat were dried. For both commodities, trials were run where they were dried with heated air and ambient air. Likewise, thin-layer drying models were applied to the deep bed, and the drying process was simulated using the finite difference method for both commodities using ambient and heated air. The absolute humidity, air temperature, grain temperature, and moisture content were modeled throughout the drying bed with respect to location and time. Data obtained from the simulations compared well with the experimental data. When comparing the moisture content determined from simulation with the same measured with the microwave moisture sensor within the drying system, root mean square error (RMSE) values for corn and wheat were 0.61 (heated air), and 0.45% and 0.50% (ambient air) moisture content wet basis (w.b.), respectively. A 30% increase in drying time was observed when ambient air was used to dry wheat. A 2-% increase in ending moisture content was observed when drying with ambient air for both commodities. The empirical results obtained from the eighth-scale drying system confirmed the results obtained from simulation for each trial. While results obtained may be unique to the current study, the effectiveness of the models was demonstrated. Keywords: Drying modeling, Grain drying, Heat transfer, Mass transfer, Microwave sensing.
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Dyer, P. M., and P. S. Heathcote. "Reduction of Heat Loss during Transurethral Resection of the Prostate." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 14, no. 1 (1986): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8601400104.
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A prospective trial was performed on 100 patients to determine whether using a reflective blanket (Space Blanket) and heated glycine 1.5% bladder irrigation solution would decrease the fall in body temperature associated with transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anaesthesia. Patients who received a combination of reflective blanket and heated glycine 1.5% solution had their fall in body temperature significantly reduced when compared with those patients managed without a reflective blanket and/or heated 1.5% glycine. There was a marked decrease in the number of patients shivering and no increase in blood loss was seen when heated bladder irrigation solution was used.
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Bouchard-Fortier, Genevieve, Maria Christine Cusimano, Rouhi Fazelzad, et al. "Oncologic outcomes and morbidity following heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy at cytoreductive surgery for primary epithelial ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e17093-e17093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e17093.
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e17093 Background: Heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) following cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a significant 12 months improved overall survival (OS) in a well-designed randomized controlled trial. Nonetheless, there remains uncertainty about the benefit and safety of HIPEC in ovarian cancer. The aim of this review was to assess efficacy and safety of HIPEC in primary EOC. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception to February 22nd 2018 for observational and randomized studies of patients with primary EOC undergoing HIPEC at cytoreductive surgery with no language restrictions . We assessed risk of bias with the Institute of Health Economics Quality Appraisal Checklist for single-arm studies, and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale for double-arm studies. We determined the pooled proportion of 30-day grade 3-4 morbidity, reoperation, and postoperative death. Results: Thirty-five articles including 1937 patients with primary EOC met inclusion criteria. Timing of HIPEC and type of chemotherapy regimens were not consistent between studies. There was significant variation in the reported OS of patients treated with HIPEC at cytoreductive surgery for primary EOC (3-year OS:48-77%; 5-year OS:17-72%). Thirteen articles were including in a meta-analysis to determine to the safety of HIPEC. The pooled proportions for 30-day Grade 3-4 morbidity, 30-day reoperation, and 30-day postoperative death were 33.0% (95% CI 23.0-45.0), 9.0% (95% CI 5.0-17.0) and 3.0% (95% CI 1.0-5.0) respectively. Conclusions: The use of HIPEC in primary EOC is associated with significant morbidity. There is significant heterogeneity in current literature. Higher quality, large prospective randomized control trials are needed to further support the benefit of HIPEC at cytoreductive surgery in the first-line treatment of primary EOC.
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Davies, Alun H., Jocelyn M. Mora, Manjit S. Gohel, Francine Heatley, and Karen Dhillon. "Early referral of venous leg ulcers: lessons from the EVRA trial." Nursing and Residential Care 22, no. 1 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2020.22.1.31.
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With inconsistent care pathways and variable referral policies, venous leg ulcer care is often suboptimal. Alun Davies, Jocelyn Mora, Manjit Gohel, Francine Heatley and Karen Dhillon discuss the benefits of early intervention
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Yurttas, Can, Oliver M. Fisher, Delia Cortés-Guiral, et al. "Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in colorectal cancer—did we get hold of the wrong end of the stick?" memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology 13, no. 4 (2020): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12254-020-00653-6.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryCytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are a multimodal treatment approach combining surgical interventions of varying extent with administration of heated cytostatic drugs flushed through the abdominal cavity. Hitherto, this treatment has been popular for peritoneal metastasis (PM), e.g. from colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) question the benefit of HIPEC in its present form for CRC treatment and raise fundamental issues, eliciting discussions and expert statements regarding HIPEC relevance and interpretation of these results. Unfortunately, such discussions have to remain uninformed, due to the lacking publication of crucial peer reviewed RCT results. Novel basic research aware of HIPEC futility suggests there may be systematic limitations. Innovative modelling approaches for HIPEC may shed light on the reasons for therapeutic failure of frequently used drugs and may lead the way to select better alternatives and/or more rational approaches for the design of HIPEC procedures (e.g. regarding exposure time or temperature). Available evidence strongly supports the notion that CRS is the mainstay for the treatment effects observed in PM from CRC. Unfortunately, HIPEC has become a surrogate for surgical expertise in the field and optimal surgery may therefore outweigh the potentially harmful effects of HIPEC treatment, particularly in lieu of modern systemic chemotherapies. The current situation which frequently is assumed to be deadlocked should be regarded as a challenge to investigate HIPEC with well-designed prospective clinical trials, potentially even constituting an opportunity for introducing innovative trial designs that solve the multifaceted issues of a very heterogeneous treatment approach.
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Wolffram, Heather. "Crime and hypnosis in fin-de-siècle Germany: the Czynski case." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 71, no. 2 (2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2017.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Lurid tales of the criminal use of hypnosis captured both popular and scholarly attention across Europe during the closing decades of the nineteenth century, culminating not only in the invention of fictional characters such as du Maurier's Svengali but also in heated debates between physicians over the possibilities of hypnotic crime and the application of hypnosis for forensic purposes. The scholarly literature and expert advice that emerged on this topic at the turn of the century highlighted the transnational nature of research into hypnosis and the struggle of physicians in a large number of countries to prise hypnotism from the hands of showmen and amateurs once and for all. Making use of the 1894 Czynski trial, in which a Baroness was putatively hypnotically seduced by a magnetic healer, this paper will examine the scientific, popular and forensic tensions that existed around hypnotism in the German context. Focusing, in particular, on the expert testimony about hypnosis and hypnotic crime during this case, the paper will show that, while such trials offered opportunities to criminalize and pathologize lay hypnosis, they did not always provide the ideal forum for settling scientific questions or disputes.
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Tsuruta, Akihiro, Toshio Itoh, Masashi Mikami, et al. "Trial of an All-Ceramic SnO2 Gas Sensor Equipped with CaCu3Ru4O12 Heater and Electrode." Materials 11, no. 6 (2018): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11060981.
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