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Jumah, Osama Qasim, and Sara Abbas Radhi . "Adaptive Home Automation System by Using Smart Phone Based Artificial Intelligent." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i2.467.
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This paper proposes an advanced intelligent home automation system to control the mainhome functions such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning, shading, lighting, security and food’spreparation. The proposed system designed to detect motion or fire and to make decisionsindependently. Information about motion, heating, and lightning were collected from three nodes usingspecial sensors that micro-controlled through Arduino with WIFI shield and Xbee to be sent to theSmart Phone for manipulation through Java-based Android application. Delta Learning Rule algorithmwas used for decisions making as it is able to distinguish whether it is a dangerous situation or not.Furthermore, the proposed system has a property of generating an alert signal and sends it to the policeor fire station through GMS messages.
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Goel, Swati, and R. Manikandan. "Validating the performance of the HVAC system for commercial buildings." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10491.
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Commercial Buildings consumes a large amount of world’s energy. Energy components comprises of Lighting, Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, water heating etc. To make the building energy efficient, we need to maintain, monitor and apply thermal optimization. Numerous researchers over the world are chipping away at vitality demonstrating and control with a specific end goal to create techniques which will bring about general decrease of vitality utilization. This paper presentstheworkflow of the energy modelling HVAC (heating, ventilation and cooling)systemwhich proved to be the complete solution for low energy buildings.Also the estimation of the thermal load which helps in validation of architectural design for energy efficient buildings.
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Wu, Yanpeng, Meitong Jin, Mingxi Liu, and Shaoxiong Li. "Integrated Systems of Light Pipes in Buildings: A State-of-the-Art Review." Buildings 14, no. 2 (February 4, 2024): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020425.
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Artificial lighting comprises nearly one-third of the total electrical load of buildings, resulting in significant carbon emissions. Reducing the carbon emissions caused by artificial lighting is one of the ways to achieve low-carbon buildings. To meet the demand for high-efficiency, energy-saving, and comfortable lighting, light pipes are increasingly used in buildings. This paper reviews the research and development of light pipes and integrated technology. Sky conditions as a dynamic factor always affect the performance of light pipes. The combination of light pipes and an artificial lighting system can effectively solve this problem. A light pipe can be integrated with a ventilation stack to achieve the ventilation and cooling or heating of a building. A lighting-heating coupled light guide can improve the energy efficiency and sustainability in buildings, such as where antimony tin oxide nanofluid is introduced to absorb additional heat and then provide domestic hot water. The application of a photocatalyst to light pipes can realize air purification and self-cleaning. The use of light pipes does not consume electricity and can reduce the time spent using artificial lighting, thus allowing for power savings. From a whole life cycle perspective, the use of light pipes can be a balance of cost and benefit. In conclusion, such information could be useful for engineers, researchers, and designers to assess the suitability of applying integrated light pipes in different building types and examine the potential of energy and cost savings.
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Negi, Ankit. "Green Buildings: Strategies for Energy-Efficient and Eco-Friendly Designs." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2524.
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Green buildings have emerged as a critical solution to address the environmental challenges caused by conventional building practices. This abstract explores various strategies for designing energy-efficient and eco-friendly green buildings. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of incorporating sustainable design principles and technologies in building construction, with a focus on reducing energy consumption and promoting environmental stewardship. The abstract discusses key strategies such as passive design, energy-efficient systems, renewable energy integration, materials selection, and water conservation.Passive design techniques play a vital role in achieving energy efficiency and comfort in green buildings. These strategies involve optimizing the building's orientation, maximizing natural lighting, and utilizing natural ventilation for cooling. By utilizing these passive strategies, green buildings can significantly reduce energy demands for heating, cooling, and lighting, thereby minimizing their carbon footprint.Energy-efficient systems further enhance the performance of green buildings. Advanced heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems with high-efficiency components and intelligent controls help minimize energy consumption while maintaining indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Additionally, incorporating energy-efficient lighting systems, such as LED technology, can significantly reduce electricity usage.
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Sung, Wen-Pei, Ting-Yu Chen, Hsien-Jung Wang, Ben-Li Wang, and Bo-Wei Hsieh. "Improving Energy-Saving System of Building Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Water Heating and Lighting." Advanced Science Letters 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2012.3770.
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Wang, Wenfei, Ning Kang, Fang He, and Xiaoping Li. "Analysis of the Influence of Office Building Operating Characteristics on Carbon Emissions in Cold Regions." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 13342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813342.
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Reducing buildings’ operational carbon dioxide emissions has become a crucial element in China’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets. This study focus on the influence of office building operating characteristics on carbon emissions in cold regions. By utilizing DesignBuilder v7.0.0.096 to conduct numerical simulations of 10 different operating conditions for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems, this study solves the problems in the past of poor comfort and high energy consumption with manual management and achieves a win-win situation for health and environmental protection. The study shows that by implementing a mixed mode of mechanical ventilation and natural ventilation based on outdoor climate conditions and design requirements, unsatisfied hours can be reduced by 202 h compared to the traditional air condition heating operation mode for both winter and summer seasons. Furthermore, compared to a year-round HVAC operation mode, the air-conditioning energy consumption can be reduced by 19%, resulting in a carbon emissions reduction of 1.45 kg CO2/(m2·a). Additionally, for every 2 °C increase in the outdoor temperature, the cooling energy consumption decreases by 2–5%. In terms of lighting, the intelligent lighting mode can reduce energy consumption by 31.04%, leading to a carbon emissions reduction of 3.04 kg CO2/(m2·a). The coupling operation characteristics of mixed mode, intelligent lighting, and energy-saving lamps can achieve a maximum saving of 83.46 MWh of electricity and approximately CNY 72,000 every year, with a static payback period of approximately 2.7 years. This operational strategy, which fully considers the utilization of natural ventilation and daylighting in conjunction with traditional design approaches, improves indoor air quality and ventilation conditions, while also maximizing the energy-saving and carbon reduction potential. The study results provide valuable design and operational guidance for new and existing office buildings in cold regions, to effectively reduce carbon emissions, while offering significant investment returns.
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Gülşen, Dişli, and Atan İsmail. "AN OVERVIEW OF TRADITIONAL HEATING, VENTILATION, AND ILLUMINATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORIC BATHS AND THEIR CONTEMPORARY INSPIRATIONS." Journal of Green Building 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.1.219.
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ABSTRACT Passive heating, lighting, and ventilation techniques in historic buildings and their sustainability in conjunction with new designs are essential to maintaining a greener, ecological environment. This article describes a framework for identifying and disclosing the passive survival strategies and resulting solutions applied to historic baths in Anatolia. The aim is to first increase knowledge and awareness of ancient systems and to discuss and examine their contemporary inspirations and considerations of existing and new construction technologies. A total of four baths from the Roman, Byzantine, Principalities and Ottoman periods in Anatolia were selected. Their original heating, lighting, and ventilation systems were determined largely through on-site observations, literature review, and archival sources. The results indicate that in today’s modern residential, industrial or commercial buildings, reflections of these ancient technologies and traditional concepts can be observed as the main source of inspiration. They can be seen either in the form of light pipes, underfloor heating systems, or a double-skin façade. The old technologies and solutions of historic baths are mostly sustainable and ecological. Looking back at these historic technologies can inspire further ecological design developments and symbiotic implementation possibilities in new building designs.
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Sysoeva, Elena V. "History of Development of Engineering Support of Buildings and Thermal Insulation of Enclosing Structures." Issue 01-2024, no. 01-2024 (February 2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2023-072.
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The article considers the process of development of the main means of engineering support of buildings – lighting, heating, and ventilation. How over time and the development of science and technology improved ways to create a comfortable environment. The first artificial source of light and heat was the hearth. With the advent of torches and oil lamps, these functions separated and developed in parallel. At the same time, up to the 19th century, both heating (hypocausts, fireplaces, steam and water heating, etc.) and lighting (candles, gas lighting, etc.) were impossible without fire. Ventilation remained natural until the invention of the centrifugal fan in the nineteenth century. In parallel with the issue of heating, the issue of thermal insulation arose. When choosing building materials and structures, their availability in a given region, thermal characteristics and work in a given climate played an important role. The required level of thermal insulation was achieved by increasing the thickness of the wall, the size of the openings and their filling. In the era of the “Enlightenment” (17th – 18th centuries), there is a turning point in the understanding of the world. The “classical” sciences are developing actively and universities and engineering schools are opening. If earlier science and practice existed in parallel, now the inventions of scientists began to be implemented much faster. In the 19th century, electricity appears. This is another important point in the development of engineering. In the 21st century, it has almost completely replaced fire in human life (LEDs, LED, infrared and radiant heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc.). A person no longer depends on nature. If in ancient times people sought to subdue it to himself then in the 21st century, the goal is to live in harmony with nature, which preservation and replenishment of the used resources is the search for environmentally friendly solutions without harm to humans and the environment.
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Leung, Mei-yung, Ibukun Oluwadara Famakin, and Paul Olomolaiye. "Effect of facilities management components on the quality of life of Chinese elderly in care and attention homes." Facilities 35, no. 5/6 (April 4, 2017): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2016-0032.
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Purpose Quality of life (QoL) for elderly residents of care and attention (C&A) homes has become an important consideration, given the increasingly aging population. Due to the number of hours such residents spend indoors, the quality of the facilities can contribute to their day-to-day QoL. This study aims to investigate the effect of facilities management (FM) on the QoL of Chinese elderly people living in C&A homes. Design/methodology/approach A survey of perceived satisfaction with the components of FM and QoL was carried out with a sample of residents. A total of 18 FM components and five QoL domains, including physical health, independence, psychological health, social relationships and living environment, as well as overall QoL, were identified. Findings The findings show that physical health is influenced by accessibility, doors and windows and signage; independence can be improved by enhancing accessibility, water supply, lighting and ventilation; accessibility, water supply, distance and doors and windows all predict psychological health; social relationships are improved by lighting and ventilation; distance impacts positively on the living environment; and overall QoL is predicted by lighting, ventilation, accessibility, doors and windows, handrails, recreation and signage. Originality/value The study recommends that designers and facilities managers review the micro-climate settings to harness available natural lighting and ventilation, introduce bimetallic strips to the heating systems to maintain a suitable water temperature and install large, easy-to-understand and graphic signage for straightforward wayfinding in C&A homes.
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Tamaş (Papuc), Elena Camelia, Dragoş Hera, Gianni Flamaropol, and Graţiela Maria Ţârlea. "Thermal Zones Modelling for an Energy Efficient Commercial Building – Case Study." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103034.
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Our paper is referring to a commercial building having a good thermal insulation, compacted shape with three basements, from which two are for parking and technical areas in the underground, and the other floors are mainly for retail, technical rooms, offices and a terrace for walking and events. The methodology used in our building thermal zones modelling analysis is including: all used measured areas within the building; all materials related to the building envelope with high thermal efficiency values; all activities performed within the respective areas; the heating and cooling activities for each zone; the lighting and controls used for each zone; the building geometry related to the data requirements, loads, air conditioning and lighting systems areas; the building usage schedules; Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and electrical system specifications along the weather data. The building thermal zones modelling simulation was performed based on the air set point temperature, ventilation fresh air rate and the room destination. After monitoring the building along four operational years, the energy consumptions for heating and cooling systems were obtained for each thermal zone and for the entire building. Some technical measures to improve the building energy performances are proposed based on the monitoring period.
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Zhang, Yu, and Lei Zhang. "Comprehensive Analysis and Research on the Factors Influencing Energy Efficiency and Consumption of Public Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.155.
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A public building of Jiangsu Province is analyzed by DeST software based on the coupling relationship of building envelope, natural ventilation, lighting and natural lighting, and HVAC system, and the annual heating and cooling loads and power consumption of design building and benchmark building are calculated. After fully taking into account coupling relationship of all factors, a reasonable choice of design parameters, the design of HVAC system is optimized, achieving the goal that total energy consumption of design building is less than 80% of specified value of energy efficiency by national and local standards.
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Pau, L. F., and S. Skafte Nielsen. "A knowledge-based system for computer-aided architectural design for energy savings and thermal comfort." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 4, no. 2 (May 1990): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400002274.
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This paper describes EKSPRO, a knowledge-based system integrating a 3-D computer-aided design system for materials, heating, ventilation, lighting equipment, building codes and occupational health regulations, and design guidelines user-defined by architects and engineers. The system features an object-oriented predicate logic knowledge representation, and interfaces with calculation packages (CAD, thermal balance, illumination, daylight).
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Omar, Ihab, A. M. Mohsen, Karrar A. Hammoodi, and Hasan A. Al-Asadi. "Using total equivalent temperature difference approach to estimate air conditioning cooling load in buildings." Journal of Engineering and Thermal Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jets.2022.22684.
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The objective of this study is to provide a simplified worksheet based on the Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) Approach to estimate a building’s cooling load under Iraqi climate conditions. The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system was applied to scientific laboratories at the College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq. The study estimates the cooling load of the building, which consists of 10 zones. Cooling load elements such as ventilation, lighting, walls, floors, roofs, windows, infiltration, and human factors were considered. The worksheet provides an appropriate alternative for easy and fast prediction within Iraq's climate conditions.
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Hammoodi, Karrar A., A. M. Mohsen, Ihab Omar, Ammar M. Al-Tajer, and Ali Basem. "Using Total Equivalent Temperature Difference Approach to Estimate Air Conditioning Cooling Load In Buildings." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 12, no. 03 (June 23, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.12.3.1.
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The objective of this study is to provide a simplified worksheet based on the Total Equivalent Temperature Difference (TETD) Approach to estimate a building's cooling load under Iraqi climate conditions. The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system was applied to scientific laboratories at the College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq. The study estimates the cooling load of the building, which consists of 10 zones. Cooling load elements such as ventilation, lighting, walls, floors, roofs, windows, infiltration, and human factors were considered. The worksheet provides an appropriate alternative for easy and fast prediction within Iraq's climate conditions.
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Baniyounes, Ali M., Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Eyad Radwan, and Khalid S. Al-Olimat. "Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart building." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp3061-3071.
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<span>The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based model and control is to precisely control indoor thermal comfort e.g., temperature, humidity, air quality, air velocity, thermal comfort, and energy balance. Moreover, this article present and highlight mathematical models of indoor temperature and humidity transfer matrix, uncertainties of users’ comfort preference set-points and a fuzzy algorithm.</span>
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Życzyńska, Anna, Zbigniew Suchorab, Grzegorz Dyś, Jakub Čurpek, and Miroslav Čekon. "An Evaluation of the Structure of Energy Consumption in Educational Buildings in Poland After Thermal Retrofitting." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0028.
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Abstract The paper presents the structure and indices of the annual energy consumption in educational buildings subject to comprehensive thermal retrofitting. Seven buildings were analyzed; the energy consumption for heating and ventilation, hot water preparation, and built-in lighting was analyzed in each of them and, in the case of one structure, also cooling. The indices of the usable, final, and primary energy consumption were analyzed. The values calculated were compared to the requirements of the energy standards in force in Poland. The percentage shares of the above-mentioned energy demands of each of the buildings investigated are given in the total energy performance. Within the investigation, we evaluated the shares of the particular building services in the total energy consumption and determined that even after the thermal retrofitting, the energy demands for heating together with lighting are still the most significant compared to the other demands.
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Kepko, O. I., Ivan Lisovyi, and O. Yu Kovalchuk. "Structural and Logic diagram of the Automatic Control System of the Closed Heating AND Ventilation System of Greenhouses." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 53 (2023): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2023.53.294-304.
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In the process of designing an automatic control system for a closed system of heating and ventilation of greenhouses with air regeneration, a structural and logical control scheme was substantiated and developed, which provides control of technological parameters (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, lighting. The structural-logical scheme was created on the basis of the technological map of the cultivation of common oyster mushrooms taking into account changes in temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and illumination as a function of time. As a result of the study, controlled quantities, control actions, controlled disturbing actions and uncontrolled disturbing actions were determined. The parameters and modes of operation of the device for automatic control of the closed ventilation system are substantiated. The proposed control algorithm must have memory. During the entire technological cycle, the device must remember the values of temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and lighting in each room and others. According to the type of memory used, the device will be synchronous, as the parameters of the automatic control device (APU) will change at the moment of arrival of synchronizing pulses. Due to the fact that some transient processes are not stable and have an oscillatory character, with the exception of illumination in our case, it is necessary to introduce a delay into the control algorithm for the response of the system to the duration of pulses. All devices and executive devices work on electricity. Conclusions: 1. It was established that from the point of view of automatic control of the temperature of the substrate and air, the system "cultivation room – greenhouse" with a water heating system is a two-volume object. 2. The structural and logical control scheme of the closed heating and ventilation system, which provides for the control of technological parameters (temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, illumination) in the system, is substantiated and developed.
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Zhao, Xiang, En Shen Long, and Lu Hong Huang. "Design Measures of Low Carbon Buildings with Exterior Envelope Made of ETFE Air Pillows." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2524.
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Energy saving and low carbon footprint are becoming key issues in recent architectural design. It's necessary to develop new materials and new building forms for this purpose. After introducing some famous model projects appling ETFT air pillows, this paper lists major physical properties of this new product and puts forward some design measures such as passive solar heating, great span structure system, natural lighting and cavity ventilation for energy saving and low carbon footprint buildings.
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Tosin Michael Olatunde, Azubuike Chukwudi Okwandu, Dorcas Oluwajuwonlo Akande, and Zamathula Queen Sikhakhane. "Energy efficiency in architecture: Strategies and technologies." Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2024.7.2.0024.
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Energy efficiency in architecture is a critical consideration in the design and construction of buildings, aiming to reduce energy consumption and minimize environmental impact. This abstract explores various strategies and technologies that can be implemented to enhance energy efficiency in architecture. The importance of energy efficiency in architecture lies in its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower energy costs, and create healthier indoor environments. Achieving energy efficiency in architecture involves a combination of passive design strategies, such as orientation, shading, and natural ventilation, as well as active technologies, including high-performance insulation, energy-efficient lighting, and renewable energy systems. Passive design strategies are fundamental to energy-efficient architecture, utilizing the natural elements of sunlight, shade, and airflow to minimize the need for mechanical heating, cooling, and lighting. Proper building orientation, effective shading devices, and strategic placement of windows and openings can maximize natural light and ventilation, reducing the reliance on artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation systems. In addition to passive design strategies, active technologies play a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency in architecture. High-performance insulation materials, such as aerogel and vacuum insulation panels, can significantly reduce heat loss and gain through building envelopes, improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption. Energy-efficient lighting systems, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and daylight harvesting systems, can reduce electricity usage for lighting, while renewable energy systems, such as solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, can generate clean energy on-site, further reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Overall, energy efficiency in architecture requires a holistic approach that considers both passive design strategies and active technologies. By incorporating these strategies and technologies into building design and construction, architects and designers can create buildings that are not only environmentally sustainable but also comfortable, healthy, and cost-effective for occupants.
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Simtinică, Marian-Cătălin, Magdalena Culcea, and Sorin Caluianu. "An Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Integrated in Control Strategies in Building Services." Modelling in Civil Environmental Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mcee-2022-0005.
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Abstract This study carries out a literature review on artificial intelligence techniques used in building services for energy economy while maintaining the comfort of the occupants. The building services in which artificial intelligence techniques are used the most are: lighting systems, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) systems, heating systems which use radiators and we also decided to include dynamic shading systems in here. The artificial intelligence techniques which are used the most in the recent years in building services are: fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks and for optimization problems, genetic algorithms are used. These techniques are utilized in many occasions to build predictive models or occupancy-based models.
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BAKKER, L. G., A. H. M. BROUWER, and R. BABUŠKA. "INTEGRATED PREDICTIVE ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATION, DAYLIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL LIGHTING IN BUILDINGS." International Journal of Solar Energy 21, no. 2-3 (January 15, 2001): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425910108914371.
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Junior, Moacir José Dalmina, Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira, Carlos Eduardo Camargo Nogueira, Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza, and Luciene Kazue Tokura. "Optimization of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Comfort in Broiler House." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p162.
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The objective of the study was to develop a design methodology involving a mixed system for better use of natural lighting and ventilation, together with electrical heating and ventilation systems that are currently used in commercial aviaries. Two building models were analyzed, one open conventional, and the other developed specifically for this study, with a cross ventilation brise-soleil system that provided greater energy efficiency in aviaries. Subsequently, the two models were compared using Autodesk’s Revit software through the Green Building Studio, to analyze the energy consumption of buildings during the year. The results showed that the model of poultry developed for the study proved to be more efficient in relation to the model of open poultry. The proposed broiler house was 21.07% more efficient than the conventional open aviary.
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Du, Tiantian, Sabine Jansen, Michela Turrin, and Andy van den Dobbelsteen. "Effects of Architectural Space Layouts on Energy Performance: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051829.
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As one of the most important design tasks of building design, space layout design affects the building energy performance (BEP). In order to investigate the effect, a literature review of relevant papers was performed. Ten relevant articles were found and reviewed in detail. First, a methodology for studying the effects of space layouts on BEP were proposed regarding design variables, energy indicators and BEP calculation methods, and the methodologies used in the 10 articles were reviewed. Then, the effects of space layouts on energy use and occupant comfort were analysed separately. The results show that the energy use for heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation is highly affected by space layouts, as well as thermal and visual comfort. The effects of space layouts on energy use are higher than on occupant comfort. By changing space layouts, the resulting reductions in the annual final energy for heating and cooling demands were up to 14% and 57%, respectively, in an office building in Sweden. The resulting reductions in the lighting demand of peak summer and winter were up to 67% and 43%, respectively, for the case of an office building in the UK, and the resulting reduction in the air volume supplied by natural ventilation was 65%. The influence of other design parameters, i.e., occupancy and window to wall ratio, on the effects of space layouts on BEP was also identified.
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Crawford, Mark. "Maximum Zero." Mechanical Engineering 136, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2014-dec-2.
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This article focuses on the research and development projects to ensure homes and office buildings implement the concept of zero net energy, i.e. self-sufficient in energy buildings. Net-zero commercial construction has doubled since 2008. Reducing energy consumption on the inside depends on ultra-efficient appliances, high-performance heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, geothermal heat pumps, and lighting controls. Impressive advances are occurring in the field of solid-state lighting technology, which has the potential to reduce U.S. lighting energy usage by nearly 50%. The solar-energy technology company Vivint partnered with Garbett Homes to take on one of the biggest challenges for net-zero housing: creating designs that work in cold climates. The house that Vivint and Garbett built in Herriman, Utah, attained a Home Energy Rating System score of zero, indicating that the home is completely self-sustaining. The Habitat for Humanity house, in particular, shows how affordable zero net energy homes can be – especially for lower income homeowners.
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Qian, Bin, Tao Yu, Haiquan Bi, and Bo Lei. "Measurements of Energy Consumption and Environment Quality of High-Speed Railway Stations in China." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010168.
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In recent years, the energy performance of public buildings has attracted substantial attention due to the significant energy-saving potential. As a semi-open high-space building, the high-speed railway station is obviously different from other public buildings and even traditional stations in terms of energy consumption and internal environment. This paper investigates the current energy consumption situation and environmental quality of 15 high-speed railway passenger stations in China. Results show that the energy consumption of the high-speed railway station is between 117–470 kWh/(m2·a). The energy consumption of the station is related to the area and the passenger flow. The energy use of the station using district heating is higher than that of the station without district heating in the same region. The higher glazing ratio induces good natural lighting in the station, but the uniformity of the lighting in the station is not good. The acceptable temperature range of passengers in winter is larger than that in summer. The average air change rate of the high-speed railway station is 3.2 h−1 in winter and 1.8 h−1 in summer, which is the main reason of high energy consumption of the HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) system in this kind of building.
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de Halleux, Damien, and Laurent Gauthier. "Energy Consumption Due to Dehumidification of Tomato Greenhouses under Northern Latitudes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 847C—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.847c.
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Transpiration and water uptake play an important role in the growth of horticultural crops, such as tomatoes. Water uptake ensures the transport of nutrients. However, the transpiration rate is affected by the humidity level in the greenhouse. High levels of humidity restrict transpiration and lead to fungal diseases resulting in yield losses. Under northern latitudes, using more airtight structures combined with high levels of artificial lighting increase the humidity level inside the greenhouses. To decrease humidity, growers have to dehumidify by ventilating and heating at the same time, leading to increased energy consumption. However, to our knowledge, the literature does not report on the energy consumption needed to dehumidify. To evaluate this energy consumption, we used a greenhouse simulation model of heat and mass exchanges integrated into a general greenhouse control and management software system (GX). Evapotranspiration, condensation on the cladding, and infiltration and ventilation rates were taken into account for the water balance. Based on 1 year of climatic data, three sets of simulation were realized: 1) no dehumidification; 2) standard dehumidification by ventilation and heating; 3) dehumidification with heat exchangers. Results indicate that for an acceptable level of humidity within a greenhouse tomato crop (vapor pressure deficit >5 kPa), the energy consumptions with standard dehumidification and with heat exchangers are 25% and 15% higher, respectively, than without dehumidification. These results are being used to establish recommendations for the management of humidity under northern latitudes.
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Baba, Aya, Isam Shahrour, and Mutasim Baba. "Indoor Environmental Quality for Comfort Learning Environments: Case Study of Palestinian School Buildings." Buildings 14, no. 5 (May 4, 2024): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051296.
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This research evaluates the quality of the indoor environment and comfort of Palestinian public schools. The importance of this study is related to the pivotal role of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on students’ health, well-being, and academic performance, especially in a region facing significant challenges such as limited financial resources and diverse climate conditions. Unlike traditional technical evaluations, this research uses a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) methodology. This research is based on a questionnaire about classes’ indoor environment and comfort parameters, including thermal comfort, lighting, acoustics, indoor air quality, and ergonomic environment. The research focuses on students’ overall well-being, considering factors often overlooked in traditional assessments. Key findings reveal significant challenges in thermal conditions due to inadequate heating, cooling, and ventilation systems and a lack of passive thermal design. High carbon dioxide levels in classrooms due to inadequate ventilation highlight a second critical challenge. Schools also suffered from noise pollution due to the absence of noise-absorbing materials. Students expressed their satisfaction with the lighting and indoor ergonomic comfort. This research resulted in recommendations to address classrooms’ IEQ challenges, focusing on strategies to improve thermal comfort, acoustics, and indoor air quality.
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Zanoli, Silvia Maria, and Crescenzo Pepe. "Thermal, Lighting and IAQ Control System for Energy Saving and Comfort Management." Processes 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010222.
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The present work proposes a simulation and control framework for home and building automation, focusing on heating, ventilating, and air conditioning processes. Control systems based on different advanced control architectures and different control policies are simulated and compared, highlighting control performances, and energy-saving results in terms of CO2 emissions reduction. Heat, lighting, and natural ventilation phenomena were modelized through first-principles and empirical equations, obtaining a reliable and flexible simulation framework. Energy-consuming and green energy-supplying renewable sources were integrated into the framework, e.g., heat pumps, artificial lights, fresh air flow, and natural illuminance. Different control schemes are proposed, based on proportional–integral–derivative advanced control architectures and discrete event dynamic systems-based supervisors; different control specifications are included, resulting in a multi-mode control system. The specifications refer to energy savings and comfort management, while minimizing overall costs. Comfort specifications include thermal comfort, lighting comfort, and a good level of indoor air quality. Simulations on different scenarios considering various control schemes and specifications show the reliability and soundness of the simulation and control framework. The simulated control and energy performances show the potential of the proposed approach, which can provide energy-saving results greater or equal to 6 [%] (in each season) and 19 [%] (in one year) with respect to more standard approaches.
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Sendrayaperumal, Angalaeswari, Somyak Mahapatra, Sabuja Sanket Parida, Komal Surana, Parandhaman Balamurugan, L. Natrayan, and Prabhu Paramasivam. "Energy Auditing for Efficient Planning and Implementation in Commercial and Residential Buildings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1908568.
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The ideology of ensuring energy-efficient design and construction of buildings by providing minimum requirements is the core objective of this work. Energy audit was conducted to improve the design of the building with incremental requirements to further enhance the energy efficiency. The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) has been modified extensively over the years, starting from its initial deployment in the year 2011 to its latest modifications in the year 2019. The energy conservation standards in ECBC apply to building envelope, heating ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, service water heating, and electric power distribution. It should also be ensured that all-electric systems, transformers, energy-efficient motors, and diesel generators must meet the regulated set of mandatory requirements. From among the various software types that have been approved for ECBC design and application, this study has employed Energy Plus software to simulate the design based on the given input and the selected location. The location that has been chosen for this study was Bhubaneshwar, India. All necessary details ranging from latitude, longitude, weather, time zone, elevation, building area, lighting, heating, cooling, and much more have been covered in the simulation. Utilizing ECBC regulated standards for an energy-efficient building design has resulted in an increase in the energy savings by 27.4%, and thus, the building qualifies to be regarded as an ECBC compliant building.
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Avani, P., and B. Bhavana. "Building Information Modelling and Augmented Reality for building energy systems visualisation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1255, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1255/1/012009.
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Abstract Augmented reality is an important aspect of today's technological environment, as it aids in the development of technical abilities in students and engineers. Construction is often the industry with the least relation to digitalization, and we are currently dealing with challenges with real-view objects. Because some Elements are buried beneath the fake ceiling and walls, these components, which include ventilation, air conditioning, heating, and lighting, are now only partially visible in the building environment[9]. As per this article, Owners can track the project and use it for predictive maintenance, facility management, and future refurbishment using a mobile.
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Biao Sun, P. B. Luh, Qing-Shan Jia, Ziyan Jiang, Fulin Wang, and Chen Song. "Building Energy Management: Integrated Control of Active and Passive Heating, Cooling, Lighting, Shading, and Ventilation Systems." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (July 2013): 588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2012.2205567.
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Abbasipayam, Sadjad, and Nataliya Vladislavovna Makrova. "Fuzzy logic and intelligent control of engineering systems of buildings." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2022, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2022-1-22-32.
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Energy consumption factors in the systems of cooling, heating, air conditioning and lighting in a building have a significant impact on the energy costs. Intelligent energy control methods help modernize the engineering systems of buildings, while using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic for minimizing energy consumption is espe-cially effective in the operation of buildings. To control energy consumption there was proposed the Mamdani fuzzy inference system, selected membership functions of Gaussian, triangular and trapezoidal shapes in the course of the research, implemented the types and functions of inputs and outputs for engineering systems control subsystems in software. According to the input and output parameters, the following systems were designed: lighting, smart window, HVAC; fuzzy inference tables were built, graphical data analysis was performed. The proposed control solutions for the implementation of fuzzy rules based on linguistic variables make it possible to adapt the building management system to environmental conditions and prevent excessive energy consumption. The study substantiates the choice of energy-consuming parts of the building; when forming control actions, fuzzy logic rules are applied in functional ranges. The fuzzy inference system was shown to generate the solutions in accordance with changing input data, integrated control is implemented, the responses of lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are analyzed depending on the input membership function. It is proposed to control the intensity of ambient light using motion sensors, including optical ones. It is shown that the results obtained make it possible to achieve a reduction in lighting energy consumption by 15 - 25%, maximum use of external light, ensuring a comfortable temperature regime, and also lead to implementing the coordinated and integrated control functions
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Anderson, Jodi Smits. "ENERGY USE EXCELLENCE AND THE BUILDING ENVELOPE." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 3 (June 2019): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.3.179.
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We have spent the last 40–50 years working for energy efficiency in our buildings, and we have done so by increasing the performance of the heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation systems we use. Only recently have we realized the importance of the building envelope in this endeavor. The spaces within a building are created to support the purpose and programs of that building, and it is the envelope made up of the walls, windows, doors, roof, skylights, and floor that protect and shelter those programs and purpose. In this article we will explore various components of the building envelope and discuss ways to achieve optimal energy use.
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Ogundeji Peter Ayobami, Bolarinwa Ogundeji, Olomiye Taiwo Adebayo, and Ekundayo Julius Woleola. "Porous Morphology Eco-Efficiency Design Process of a Selected Masterpiece Building and its prospects on the Environment." Global Sustainability Research 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2023): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56556/gssr.v2i1.452.
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The characteristic of urbanization, modernization and it effect on the environment has become a disastrous event especially towards the beginning of 20th Century (C). Researches have shown an excessive exploitation of minerals both on and beneath the earth crust were consume every year for the purpose of construction alone. Thus, not only decrease in volume of earth materials but also the impact on environmental thus need attentions. This study observes that the conversion of material; exploitation; energy used during construction; energy associated with heating; cooling; lighting and ventilating commercial buildings have potential consequence on the environment. A selected study of masterpiece building with philosophy of porous structure, which certified Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in Nigeria, was reviewed. Finding indicate that conceptual design from the school of thought help in setting reasonable objectives at the designing process stage. Also, energy efficient building will reduce wastage of earth materials with alternate source of natural energy, application of natural element other than artificial during building construction and occupancy stage are mitigation strategies to negate aforementioned effect on the environment. Conceptual frameworks with composite notions from various domains were explored to include concept of porosity from medicine among others was utilized, acceptable for maximum lighting, cross ventilation and circulations. Hence, energy efficiency was achieved which is friendly to the environment.
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Fadejev, Jevgeni, Raimo Simson, Jyrki Kesti, and Jarek Kurnitski. "Measured and simulated energy performance of OLK NZEB with heat pump and energy piles in Hämeenlinna." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 16012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017216012.
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In this work, measured energy use of the building space heating, ventilation supply air heating, appliances and lighting is compared against simulated energy use modelled in IDA ICE. As built energy need and detailed measured input data is applied in building model calibration procedure. Calibrated building model energy performance is studied in both measured and test reference year climate conditions. Previously modelled as built plant automation and implemented control logics are compared against measured. Geothermal plant in this study consists of heat pump, solar collectors, boreholes and energy piles. Heat pump SCOP estimated by post processing according to heat pump manufacturer’s performance map is compared against measured SCOP on the monthly basis. Opinion on actual plant operation is given and energy performance improvement potential is quantified. Important parameters for successful building model calibration are presented. Building compliance with Finland NZEB requirements are assessed. The results show good match with measured energy use after the model calibration.
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Grigorii, Kaletnik, and Yaropud Vitalii. "RESULTS OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GEOTHERMAL COOLING IN THE VENTILATION SYSTEM OF ANIMAL PREMISES." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 3(106) (December 23, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2022-3-1.
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The microclimate of livestock premises is determined by a set of physical, chemical and biological parameters inside the premises for keeping animals and is characterized by the following parameters: air temperature, internal surfaces of walls, ceilings, floors, windows, doors, and other internal structures; humidity of air, internal surfaces of walls, ceiling, floor, windows, doors, and other internal structures; the speed and direction of air flows in the locations of animals, manure, inflow and exhaust channels, windows and doors; the gas composition of the air - the concentration of carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide; the presence of dust and microorganisms in the air; the intensity of natural and artificial lighting; optical radiation; the level of industrial noise, the degree of air ionization. Modern microclimate creation systems include subsystems: ventilation system - provides regulation of the gas composition and partly the air temperature (in the summer) in the room; air conditioning and heating systems - provide air temperature regulation in the room. Currently, various methods of cooling supply air are used in pig farming and can be divided into two types: vapor compression cooling units, so-called split systems and water evaporative cooling systems. However, additional cooling of the forced air into the pig house can be obtained using the geothermal effect. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the expediency of the geothermal cooling process in the ventilation system for injecting clean air in piggery premises. As a result of research, the physico-mathematical apparatus of the geothermal heating process in the fresh air injection ventilation system, which is based on the equations of continuity of air flow, Navier-Stokes equations, heat transfer equations, initial and boundary conditions, is generalized. The results of the verification of the numerical modeling of the geothermal heating process in the ventilation system of clean air injection in the Star CCM+ software package are given. As a result of the simulation, the distribution of the temperature field and the vector field of air flow velocities in the ventilation system for injecting clean air was obtained, and the feasibility of the geothermal cooling process was proven.
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Abuhussain, Mohammed Awad, Badr Saad Alotaibi, Yakubu Aminu Dodo, Ammar Maghrabi, and Muhammad Saidu Aliero. "Multimodal Framework for Smart Building Occupancy Detection." Sustainability 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2024): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16104171.
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Over the years, building appliances have become the major energy consumers to improve indoor air quality and occupants’ lifestyles. The primary energy usage in building sectors, particularly lighting, Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, is expected to double in the upcoming years due to inappropriate control operation activities. Recently, several researchers have provided an automated solution to turn HVAC and lighting on when the space is being occupied and off when the space becomes vacant. Previous studies indicate a lack of publicly accessible datasets for environmental sensing and suggest developing holistic models that detect buildings’ occupancy. Additionally, the reliability of their solutions tends to decrease as the occupancy grows in a building. Therefore, this study proposed a machine learning-based framework for smart building occupancy detection that considered the lighting parameter in addition to the HVAC parameter used in the existing studies. We employed a parametric classifier to ensure a strong correlation between the predicting parameters and the occupancy prediction model. This study uses a machine learning model that combines direct and environmental sensing techniques to obtain high-quality training data. The analysis of the experimental results shows high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the applied RF model (0.86, 0.99, 1.0, and 0.88 respectively) for occupancy prediction and substantial energy saving.
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ODENBAKH, I. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF NATURAL LIGHTING, INSOLATION AND SUN PROTECTION." Herald of Polotsk State University. Series F. Civil engineering. Applied sciences, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1683-2024-36-1-53-58.
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The article describes numerical modeling of geometric parameters of gratings, angular and temporal characteristics of light transmission and transmission of solar energy, optimization of natural lighting, insolation and sun protection, as well as heat inflow from solar radiation to assess the impact on the functioning of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVC). The angular characteristics of the filter are presented, a formula for determining the shift between the traces of the input on the plane of the output lattice at the characteristic angle of the filter and an arbitrary angle of incidence. In tabular, calculation formulas and light transmission characteristics are indicated for certain range boundaries, depending on the ratio of band widths.
The advantages of a smart window with a filter are also justified due to the possibility of any angle of inclination of the grilles compared to blinds, which cannot provide optimal sun protection at any azimuth of the window, and the figure shows a diagram of smart windows with different azimuths for a building with a round facade.
The expediency of using smart windows with grid filters in buildings with curved facades to increase the comfort of natural lighting and insolation, protection from direct sunlight is substantiated.
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Hu, Lei, and Hou Tian Zhang. "Study on Energy Conservation in Rural Residential Buildings in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 2434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.2434.
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Recent years have seen the improvement of economic conditions and living standards of Chinese rural residents. But the problems of waste and pollution have occurred in rural housing construction for heating, lighting and ventilation, damage of ecology, etc. As a result, it is necessary to push energy efficiency in rural housing construction in China. In this paper, the problems existing in rural housing construction are first described, and then the strategies and measures to improve the energy conservation in rural residential buildings are put forward. The solutions to the energy conservation in rural residential buildings in China are those government should play the strengthen leadership role, developing the market of building energy conservation and developing technical foundation s and technological innovations.
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Kolková, Zuzana, Peter Hrabovský, Jozef Matušov, Martina Antošová, and Michal Holubčík. "Control and regulation systems of energy networks in buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816806005.
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Measurement, regulation and control systems offer direct savings and reduce energy consumption, regulating heating, cooling, ventilation or lighting in the intelligent buildings. They provide quick and accurate information on the status of regulated systems or possible malfunction. Systems can use the special meteorological stations to get information about wind velocity and direction, outdoor temperature, intensity and direction of sunlight. They respond flexibly to changes in external parameters. Intelligent buildings combine architecture and aesthetics of the construction, safety, comfort and quality of the living. These buildings are productive, energy efficient and environmentally acceptable. Intelligent buildings combine internal and external intelligence building, intelligence used materials and constructions. The most important aspect is the cooperation of people with those systems. Intelligent buildings should be permanent, healthy, technologically advanced.
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Pescari, Simon, Mircea Merea, Alexandru Pitroacă, and Clara-Beatrice Vilceanu. "A Particular Case of Urban Sustainability: Comparison Study of the Efficiency of Multiple Thermal Insulations for Buildings." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 16283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316283.
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Achieving urban sustainability is a complex process that includes improving buildings’ resilience and energy efficiency by using the optimum thermal insulation solution. With the advent of new energy restrictions, it is very important to find the best compromise between the price of the thermal insulation material and energy savings because, sometimes, the initial cost of a thermal rehabilitation seems to be very high. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the variations in the amount of heat energy required by a multi-storey residential structure in Romania that uses 14 various kinds of thermal insulation materials. The energy demand is determined using the dynamic method using a building energy simulator that can evaluate the energy usage of lighting, warmth, ventilation, climate control, and water heating.
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Ratajczak, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Michalak, Michał Narojczyk, and Łukasz Amanowicz. "Real Domestic Hot Water Consumption in Residential Buildings and Its Impact on Buildings’ Energy Performance—Case Study in Poland." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 5010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165010.
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A building’s energy consumption is assessed considering the energy required for heating, cooling, lighting, and domestic hot water (DHW). Methodologies used to calculate energy certificates in European Union countries consider hot water consumption rates per person or per heated (floor) area, giving wide-ranging values (35–88 dm3/person/day). Using extreme parameters, it is possible to obtain a primary energy index that meets the legal requirements, although unrealistically large proportions of domestic hot water use relative to the total energy balance of the building may marginalize the influence of other components, such as fluctuations in heating, ventilation, or lighting. In the current work, the DHW consumption of three residential buildings was measured to verify the energy consumption for hot water preparation. Investigations were conducted based on the consumption of natural gas for DHW preparation. Experimentally obtained water consumption rates were determined per m2 of a dwelling and per person living in the building. The calculated indicators (0.85 ± 0.005 dm3/m2/day and 27.4 ± 1.4 dm3/person/day) were lower than those used for energy certifications of buildings. The experimentally obtained indicators were used in further theoretical energy assessments of six residential buildings. By adopting the designated indicators, the analyzed buildings met the legally required primary energy value (<70 kWh/m2/year) when using natural gas as a heat source. Applying more realistic DHW consumption values resulted in more accurate energy certifications.
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Skakalina, О., and A. Kapiton. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LIGHTING FUNCTION IN THE SMART HOME CONCEPT." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 2, no. 72 (June 9, 2023): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2023.2.059.
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The principle of "System of intelligent management of the building" provides a completely new approach in the organization of life support of the building, in which the efficiency of operation and reliability of management of all systems and executive devices of the building increases significantly due to the combination of hardware and software. A smart building should be understood as a system that should be able to recognize specific situations occurring in the building and react accordingly: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to a previously developed algorithm. The main feature of such a building is the unification of separate subsystems into a single controlled complex. An important feature and property of a smart house is the way of organizing the living space - this is the most progressive concept of human interaction with the living space, when a person sets the desired environment with one command, and the automation, in accordance with external and internal conditions, sets and monitors the modes of operation of all engineering systems and electrical devices. In this case, there is no need to use several remotes when watching TV, many switches when controlling lighting, separate blocks when controlling ventilation and heating systems, video surveillance and alarm systems
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Kim, Jeong Tai, and Chuck Wah Francis Yu. "Sustainable development and requirements for energy efficiency in buildings – The Korean perspectives." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 734–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18764618.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of developments in Korea in relation to its energy consumption and sustainable development policies and progress in achieving its energy targets as given by the Building Energy Codes. Building insulation and passive building technologies are also reviewed for achieving passive house standards by 2017 and zero-energy or near zero-energy buildings (nZEB) by 2025 in Korea, and to identify strategies to further reduce usage of primary energy and to achieve energy efficiency targets. A defining feature of a sustainable building is its ability to reduce significantly its environmental impacts and its embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions over its whole life, including use of natural resources and releases of pollutants, to promote reuse and recycling of materials and sustainable development of buildings whilst ensuring the building satisfy the indoor environmental quality requirements for occupants. Passive technologies include the use of natural ventilation, energy storage such as using phase change materials (PCM) and high thermal mass structure, high energy efficiency windows and lighting and maximizing daylighting and use of renewable energy technologies. Technologies for refurbishment of building envelopes, windows and ventilation systems are reviewed to improve and upgrade the energy efficiency of existing buildings as well as focusing on new builds. The various options for heating, ventilating, cooling and air-conditioning of buildings are also discussed. Green Buildings and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards should have a pertinent role to affect energy efficiency measures in building developments.
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Yang, Xinyu, Ying Ji, Jiefan Gu, and Menghan Niu. "An Electricity Consumption Disaggregation Method for HVAC Terminal Units in Sub-Metered Buildings Based on CART Algorithm." Buildings 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040967.
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Obtaining reliable and detailed energy consumption information about building service (BS) systems is an essential prerequisite for identifying energy-saving potential and improving energy efficiency of a building. Therefore, in recent years, energy sub-metering systems have been widely implemented in public buildings in China. A majority of electrical systems and equipment can be directly metered. However, in actual sub-metering systems, the terminal units of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, such as fan coils, air handling units and so on, are often mixed with the lighting-plug circuit. This mismatch between theoretical sub-metering systems and actual electricity supply circuits constitutes a lot of challenges in BS system management and control optimization. This study proposed an indirect method to disaggregate the energy consumption of HVAC terminal units from mixed sub-metering data based on the CART algorithm. This method was demonstrated in two buildings in Shanghai. The case study results show that the weighted mean absolute percentage errors (WMAPE) are within 5% and 15% during working hours in the cooling and heating seasons, respectively.
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Dat, Mac Van, and Tran Ngoc Quang. "A study on energy consumption of hotel buildings in Vietnam." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 5 (August 30, 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(5)-11.
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This paper aims to determine energy use intensity (EUI) and the percentage of end-use energy consumption in hotel buildings in major cities of Vietnam, including Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Data from 32 hotels were gathered from the website on energy efficiency promotion of Ministry of Construction. The average EUI in the whole country was 151 kWh/m2.year, and the figures for Hanoi, Da Nang, and HCMC were 184; 71 and 212 kWh/m2.year, respectively. At the same time, the structure of end-use energy consumption was estimated, of which 54% for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), 10% for lighting, 19% for plug equipment and 17% for lifts.
Keywords: energy consumption; energy use intensity (EUI); end-use energy consumption.
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Styła, Michał, and Przemysław Adamkiewicz. "OPTIMISATION OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING MANAGEMENT PROCESSES USING USER BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS SYSTEMS SUPPORTED BY COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND RTI." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2894.
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The aim of the presented project was to create a comprehensive building management system equipped with a network of wireless and energy-efficient sensors that collect data about users and on their basis control final devices such as lighting, ventilation, air conditioning and heating. In the presented system, end devices can be both products offered by the market (commercial) and proprietary solutions (own). This is to allow the adaptation of commercial radio communication protocols with high integration capabilities and common occurrence. In addition, the system has been enriched with an innovative system of tracking and building navigation and access control, which are supported by a network of radio beacons and radio-tomographic imaging technology (RTI). The whole system is to be supervised by computational intelligence learned from scratch.
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Šaš, Milan, and Dragan Pejić. "The application of IoT solutions in greenhouses with the aim of reducing electrical energy consumption." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, no. 4 (2021): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-34848.
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In this paper, we will show a prototype of a system designed based on Internet of Things solutions with the aim of optimizing electrical energy consumption in order to achieve desired conditions for the growth and development of plants located in the greenhouse. The physical parameters that this system monitors are temperature, relative humidity, soil humidity and luminescence levels. In this prototype, we have three measurement nodes with the task of collecting parameter data, processing them and sending resulting data, via wireless communication, to a receiver. The receiver forwards data to the application on PC. The application processes the data and displays it to the end user who can choose to automatically or manually control the devices that are inside of the greenhouse. Systems placed inside the greenhouse are heating, irrigation, lighting and ventilation systems.
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Palladino, Domenico, Silvia Di Di Turi, and Iole Nardi. "Energy and Environmental Effects of Human Habits in Residential Buildings Due to COVID-19 Outbreak Scenarios in a Dwelling near Rome." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 7408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217408.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting containment measures have shown that energy consumption in buildings is linked to several factors, such as living habits, occupancy profiles, and heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This paper addresses the influences of such factors on energy consumption in a residential building, analysing different scenarios (pre-COVID-19, lockdown, post-COVID-19), in terms of discomfort and energy needs, through the new hourly calculation method (UNI EN ISO 52016). Energy and environmental effects were studied in a real case study near Rome by varying occupancy profiles, lighting and appliance schedules, and HVAC systems. Results show that, during the heating period, the lockdown scenario led to the lowest hours of discomfort (−29% on average), but the highest in the cooling period (up to +154%, +28% on average). The same scenario led to reasonable reduction of energy needs for heating (−14%), but also highlighted a significant increase (+60%) for the cooling period. This study underlines how the pandemic has influenced the energy and environmental behaviours in buildings. Moreover, the new hourly calculation method points out the importance of analysing HVAC systems, in terms of hours of discomfort, which could provide results that are more reliable.
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Rose, Mark A., and John W. White. "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN A GREENHOUSE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1114e—1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1114e.
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Temperature affects all major plant physiological processes. Traditional methods of controlling greenhouse temperatures use aerial sensors that do not monitor temperatures within each component of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.Bench, pot, plant canopy, and aerial temperatures were monitored using thermocouples and thermistors processed by environmental computers during a wide range of greenhouse conditions. These include diurnal cycles of high and low solar radiation, night periods with and without artificial lighting, and various ventilation and heating conditions. Spatial temperature gradients of 10-22 °C were discovered during both day and night conditions. These spatial variations cause significant differences in average temperatures between and within benches over diurnal and even seasonal cycles.Preliminary surveys of microclimatic variations that occur within the greenhouse experimental area are essential for choosing the proper experimental design. Continuous environmental monitoring during the experiment is necessary for interpreting experimental results.