Academic literature on the topic 'Heavy and toxic metals'

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Journal articles on the topic "Heavy and toxic metals"

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Yadav, Abhinav Parkash. "Heavy Metal Pollution In Environment And Their Toxicological Effect On Plants And Living Organisms." Humanities and Development 18, no. 1 (2018): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.61410/had.v18i1.133.

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Heavy metals normally occur in nature and are essential to life but can become toxic through accumulation in plants and living organisms. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and mercury are the most common heavy metals which can pollute the our environment. Most of the heavy metals causes environmental and atmospheric pollution, and may be lethal to plant. Heavy metal’s can become strongly toxic by mixing with different environmental elements, such as water, soil, and air plants and other living organisms can be uptake to them through the food chain.
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Liekytė, Aistė, Raimondas Leopoldas Idzelis, and Nijolė Kazlauskienė. "RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR BINARY MIXTURE ON THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF FISH LARVAE / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR JŲ BINARINIO MIŠINIO POVEIKIO ŽUVŲ KARDIORESPIRACINEI SISTEMAI ANKSTYVOJOJE ONTOGENEZĖJE TYRIMAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 5 (2011): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.083.

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This article investigates toxic effects of heavy metals (Ni, Cu) and their binary mixture (Ni+Cu) on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae depending on the type of metal, metal concentration and the duration of their exposure. The one-day larvae of rainbow trout were exposed to Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l, respectively), Cu (0,25; 0;5 mg/l, respectively) and their binary mixture. During long-term exposure (30 days), the physiological parameters of larvae, e.g. heart rate (counts/min), gill ventilation frequency (counts/min) after 5, 10 and 20 days of exposure were recorded. During experimental studies, the effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the heart rate and gill ventilation frequency of rainbow trout larvae depending on the type of metal, their concentrations and exposure duration were determined. Consequently, comparative studies on toxic effects of heavy metals and their binary mixture on the cardio-respiratory system of rainbow trout larvae showed that the binary mixture was more toxic to larvae than to single metals. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) ir jų binarinio mišinio (Ni + Cu) toksinis poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, metalų koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Vaivorykštinio upėtakio vienadienės lervos buvo veikiamos Ni (0,1; 0,2 mg/l), Cu (0,25; 0,5 mg/l) ir jų binariniu mišiniu. Ilgalaikio tyrimo metu (30 parų) buvo registruojami lervų fiziologiniai rodikliai – širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniai (krt./min.) po 5, 10 ir 20 parų ekspozicijos. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus, nustatytas sunkiųjų metalų ir jų binarinio mišinio poveikis vaivorykštinio upėtakio lervų širdies ir kvėpavimo dažniams, priklausomai nuo veikiamo metalo rūšies, koncentracijos ir ekspozicijos trukmės. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad atskirų sunkiųjų metalų (Ni, Cu) poveikis lervų kardiorespiracinei sistemai silpnesnis, nei veikiant metalų binariniu mišiniu.
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Ayres, R. U. "Toxic heavy metals: materials cycle optimization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89, no. 3 (1992): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.3.815.

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Suwal, Anjana, Meera Prajapati, and Ram Charitra Shah. "Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metal Content in Children Toys." Khwopa Journal 5, no. 2 (2023): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60448.

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The children toys are the most favorable things for children to play. But these children toys are not safe from toxic chemicals too. There is presence of different toxic heavy metals such as mercury, lead, barium, chromium, zinc etc. The standard value for different heavy metals is set up by the government of Nepal that came into effective from July 15, 2017. The standard was set up for the 12 toxic heavy metals as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, zinc, antimony, arsenic, barium, bisphenol A, bromine, selenium and phthalates. The study was focused on the study of the compliance of toxic heavy metals in children toys with the national standard. For the study total 52 toys were collected from different places of Nepal: Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Chitwan, Janakpur and Nepalgunj from the local vendors to the supermarkets. The toys were generally made up of plastic, rubber, metal, foam etc. After the collection and sampling of the toys they were tested in the lab of Nepal Handicraft Association of Nepal Bureau of Standard and Metrology (NBSM) by the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technology. Among the 52 toys, no any heavy metals were detected in 15 toys and 37 toys were detected with multiple toxic heavy metals. The heavy metals detected in the toys were lead, cadmium, bromine, chromium, zinc and barium. Even most of the detected result is under the compliance it is very serious issue that the non-compliance result of heavy metals like lead is very much more (4688 ppm) than the standard value (90 ppm) in the toy: tortoise. In the same way, 22 children toys have the labelling and rest do not have the labelling. But the labelled children toys don’t have the labelling about the chemical safety. Though the national standard has been formulated the local or the parents themselves are unaware about the toxic heavy metals present in the toys. As well there has raised a big confusion in the standard of the toxic heavy metals as the new standard has been published omitting the standard of the heavy metals as phthalates, BPA, bromine and zinc. Thus, these points should be considered in order to implement the standard effectively and to save the children from the chemical hazards.
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Mathew, Blessy Baby, Monisha Jaishankar, Vinai George Biju, and Krishnamurthy Nideghatta Beeregowda. "Role of Bioadsorbents in Reducing Toxic Metals." Journal of Toxicology 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4369604.

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Industrialization and urbanization have led to the release of increasing amounts of heavy metals into the environment. Metal ion contamination of drinking water and waste water is a serious ongoing problem especially with high toxic metals such as lead and cadmium and less toxic metals such as copper and zinc. Several biological materials have attracted many researchers and scientists as they offer both cheap and effective removal of heavy metals from waste water. Therefore it is urgent to study and explore all possible sources of agrobased inexpensive adsorbents for their feasibility in the removal of heavy metals. The objective was to study inexpensive adsorbents like various agricultural wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, oil palm shell, coconut shell, and coconut husk in eliminating heavy metals from waste water and their utilization possibilities based on our research and literature survey. It also shows the significance of developing and evaluating new potential biosorbents in the near future with higher adsorption capacity and greater reusable options.
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Mukhamatdyarov, S. R., E. V. Kuzina, M. G. Iskuzhina, and T. Yu Korshunova. "ADAPTATION OF MICROORGANISMS TO HEAVY METALS." Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, no. 4 (December 7, 2023): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-4-31-43.

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Many heavy metals (HM) (Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, etc.) take an active part in the most important processes of vital activity of microorganisms as microelements. However, at high concentrations they become toxic, and a number of metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, etc.) are highly toxic even at low concentrations. Microorganisms are able to resist the toxic effects of HMs due to the presence of various resistance mechanisms that are aimed at converting cations to a less toxic form or oxidation state, which makes them less mobile and bioavailable. The very first reaction of microorganisms to the toxic effects of metals is a change in cell morphology, their agglomeration, which leads to a decrease in the availability of binding sites for toxic metals. The mechanisms used by bacteria can be divided into biochemical and molecular. Bacterial cells have the ability to sorb metal cations with the help of metal-binding functional groups (carboxylic, sulfhydryl, hydroxyl, sulfate, phosphate, and amino groups) of the cell membrane,preventing their penetration into the cell. Bacteria have a variety of efflux systems for HM outflow from cells with the help of carrier proteins belonging to different families, which maintain a low concentration of HM inside the cell, protecting cellular components. Polysaccharides, biosurfactants, inorganic anions (phosphate, carbonate, and sulfide ions) and other metabolic products of microorganisms participate in extracellular detoxification, and gluta- thione, metal-binding proteins, intracellular polyphosphate granules, which bind HM cations into poorly soluble compounds, participate in intracellular sequestration. The reduction of HM ions with the help of enzymes leads to the formation of their less toxic forms. The genes responsible for bacterial resistance to toxic metals are localized on chromosomes or plasmids and can be transferred to closely related bacterial species, which plays an important role in the spread of HM resistance in nature. Microorganisms also demonstrate indirect mechanisms of HM tolerance aimed at maintaining cell integrity by protecting them from oxidative stress.
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Alumaa, Priit, Uuve Kirso, Valter Petersell, and Eiliv Steinnes. "Sorption of toxic heavy metals to soil." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 204, no. 5-6 (2002): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00114.

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Al-Janabi, Ali Abdul Hussein S. "Toxic effect of heavy metals on dermatophytes." Mycoses 54, no. 4 (2010): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01876.x.

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Mishra, Vishal, and Srinivas Tadepalli. "Biosorption of Toxic Heavy Metals on Sawdust." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 43, no. 3 (2014): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300934.

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Kuang, Qijun, Yicheng Xia, and Yang Hui. "TOXIC EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON ALGAE." Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 20, no. 3 (1996): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/issn1000-3207-1996-3-277-v.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heavy and toxic metals"

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Cheung, Kai-him Matthew, and 張啟謙. "Bioremediation of toxic metals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194562.

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Traditional remediation techniques in removing toxic metal contaminants using physical and chemical methods are expensive and may cause other forms of damage to the environment, comparing with these techniques bioremediation can serve as an inexpensive, effective and environmental friendly remediation method. This thesis mainly discusses different bioremediation techniques and identifies possible areas in Hong Kong for bioremediation and suggests bioremediation methods for each potential area. Bioremediation of toxic metals is the use of microorganisms, plants, or even larger sized organisms to decontaminate sites with toxic metals. Bioremediation includes phytoremediation, microremediation and vermiremediation which use plants, microorganisms and earthworms to remediate contaminated environments respectively. The 4 most common mechanisms in phytoremediation of toxic metals are phytoextraction, phytofiltration, phytovolatilization and phytostabilization. Phytoremediation are used frequently for remediation around the world and its development includes using well-understood technology and genetic engineering to increase its effectiveness. Microremediation is another promising technology in bioremediation of toxic metals and consists of 6 major mechanisms which are biosorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, bioleaching, biomineralization and microbially-enhanced chemisorption of metals. Microremediation is mainly in research phase and its development includes identifying new species, combining with phytoremediation and genetic engineering. Vermiremediation is another rapidly developing technique in bioremediation of toxic metals, assisting other bioremediation by burrowing actions of earthworms and its excretion, and accumulating toxic metals inside their bodies. Vermiremediation is also in research phase but it is rapidly developing. Generally, bioremediation is around 60% cheaper than traditional remediation methods and no pollutants are emitted during the process. However the remediation process is slow and generally takes longer than a year. Sources of toxic metals in contaminated areas in Hong Kong are mainly due to historic industrial discharge although present activities also contribute. Potential areas include sites for electronic waste activities, sediments of Kwun Tong typhoon shelter and sediments of Tolo Harbour.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Md, Noh Mohd Fairulnizal. "Electrochemical sensors development for toxic heavy metals." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422358.

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Paul, Uchenna Prince. "Fluorescence Detectors for Proteins and Toxic Heavy Metals." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd416.pdf.

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Ansari, Tariq Mahmood. "Bioanalytical studies on barytes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU115694.

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Barytes (the naturally occurring BaSO4) is used as the standard densification agent in drilling fluids world-wide. It increases the density of the drilling fluids for control of formation pressures. It has been highlighted as a major source of toxic heavy metals input in the oil and gas industry. Large scale use in the offshore oil well drilling operations and subsequent discharges of spent drilling fluids containing barytes to the marine environment have raised concerns regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in marine biota of the toxic heavy metals and the possible human health risks. Various analytical and biological aspects of barytes regarding chemistry, analytical methodology, toxicity and heavy metal bioavailability have been thoroughly investigated in this study. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) confirms the presence of a number of minerals including barite, galena, anglesite, pyrite, sphalerite, zincite, quartz, barium feldspar, hematite, anhydrite, orthoclase, silicates, mixed minerals in barytes. Quantitative strontium and calcium as part of the crystal lattice whereas other trace heavy metals occur as associated minerals. Image analysis shows that the bulk of barium in barytes corresponds to the mineral barite (BaSO4), however, a small quantity of barium was found to be associated with silicon which confirmed the presence of barium feldspar. The presence of toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, V, Co, Cr, Cd, Bi, Ti, Hg, Te, Sn, Sb, As etc. in barytes is likely to be as inclusions or substitutions in sulphide minerals associated with barite. Mineralogical studies suggest that barytes is not the traditionally inert BaSO4 but, rather, a potentially toxic substance due to its associated toxic heavy metal impurities. Comparative studies on the performance of chemical dissolution procedures such as sodium carbonate fusion, aqua regia digestion, aqua regia /HF digestion and a non-destructive technique, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry shows that sodium carbonate fusion procedure is the best method for the determination of barium in different types of barytes. DTPA and EDTA extractibilities for barium at pHs 12.6 and 10.8 respectively (25oC) were found to be low even though predictions based on thermodynamic data had suggested that BaSO4 should be soluble.
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Selepe, Mamaropeng Marcus. "The removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions by algal extracellular polysaccharides." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004054.

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This study investigated the possible use of algal extracellular polysaccharide as a biosorbent for removal of heavy metals (copper and lead) from aqueous solutions as a means of bioremediation for metal containing effluents. This biopolymer has good biosorbent properties and a potential to provide a cost effective, selective and efficient purification system. A variety of environmental conditions induce the production of extracellular polysaccharides in algae. The production of exopolysaccharides by Dunaliella cultures was induced by nitrogen deficient conditions. A high ratio of carbon to nitrogen source considerably enhanced the polysaccharide release. Purified extracellular polysaccharide samples exhibited a monosaccharide composition consisting of the following sugars: xylose, arabinose, 2-0-methyl mannose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The relative abundance (%) of these sugars were calculated relative to xylose. The major sugar constituent was 2-0-methyl mannose, which was present at approximately 160% relative to xylose. The percentage relative abundance of other sugars was as follows: 18.8; 86.8; 85.3 and 22.3% for arabinose; mannose; glucose and galactose respectively. The identity of the various constituents were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The ability of Dunaliella exopolysaccharides to accumulate metals was investigated. The following parameters were studied because they affect metal uptake: solution pH, biomass concentration, temperature, time and metal concentration. The uptake of both copper and lead were pH dependent. However, metal uptake was not significantly affected by temperature. Kinetic studies showed that Dunaliella extracellular polysaccharides exhibit good bioremediation properties. Metal uptake was rapid. In addition, the exopolysaccharide has good metal binding capacity with an uptake capacity for lead of 80 mg/g from a solution containing initial lead concentration of approximately 40 mg/l. Competition studies revealed that the presence of a second metal in solution inhibits uptake of the other metal compared to uptake in single metal solution of that particular metal. The presence of lead inhibited the uptake of copper from approximately 65% in single metal solution to 10% in binary metal solution. The presence of copper also inhibited lead uptake, though not to the same extent. Higher concentrations of lead could not completely prevent removal of copper from solution and visa versa. The same was true for lead which could not be displaced by a four-fold concentration of copper. Instead, a certain percentage of copper was always removed showing that lead did not compete with copper for these binding sites. In conclusion it appears that, copper and lead bind to different sites on Dunaliella exopolysaccharides and that they exhibit selective or preferential removal of lead.
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Al-Sheraideh, Mohammed Sharif. "Evaluation of the environmental impact of trace elements in the Zarqa River using chemometric analysis of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy data (ICP-OES)." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327172.

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Ondigo, Dezzline Adhiambo. "Polymer based electrospun nanofibers as diagnostic probes for the detection of toxic metal ions in water." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018261.

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The thesis presents the development of polymer based electrospun nanofibers as diagnostic probes for the selective detection of toxic metal ions in water. Through modification of the chemical characteristics of nanofibers by pre- and post-electrospinning treatments, three different diagnostic probes were successfully developed. These were the fluorescent pyridylazo-2-naphthol-poly(acrylic acid) nanofiber probe, the colorimetric probe based on glutathione-stabilized silver/copper alloy nanoparticles and the colorimetric probe based on 2-(2’-Pyridyl)-imidazole functionalized nanofibers. The probes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The fluorescent nanofiber probe was developed towards the determination of Ni²⁺. Covalently functionalized pyridylazo-2-naphthol-poly(acrylic acid) polymeric nanofibers were employed. The solid state Ni²⁺ probe exhibited a good correlation between the fluorescence intensity and nickel concentration up to 1.0 mg/mL based on the Stern-Volmer mechanism. The detection limit of the nanofiber probe was found to be 0.07 ng/mL. The versatility of the fluorescent probe was demonstrated by affording a simple, rapid and selective detection of Ni²⁺ in the presence of other competing metal ions by direct analysis without employing any sample handling steps. For the second part of the study, a simple strategy based on the in-situ synthesis of the glutathione stabilized silver/copper alloy nanoparticles (Ag/Cu alloy NPs) in nylon 6 provided a fast procedure for fabricating a colorimetric probe for the detection of Ni²⁺ in water samples. The electrospun nanofiber composites responded to Ni²⁺ ions but did not suffer any interference from the other metal ions. The effect of Ni²⁺ concentration on the nanocomposite fibers was considered and the “eye-ball” limit of detection was found to be 5.8 μg/mL. Lastly, the third probe was developed by covalently linking an imidazole derivative; 2-(2′-Pyridyl)-imidazole (PIMH) to Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC) and nylon 6 nanofibers by post-electrospinning treatments using a wet chemical method and graft copolymerization technique, respectively. The post-electrospinning modifications of the nanofibers were achieved without altering their fibrous morphology. The color change to red-orange in the presence of Fe²⁺ for both the grafted nylon 6 (white) and the chemically modified PVBC (yellow) nanofibers was instantaneous. The developed diagnostic probes exhibited the desired selectivity towards the targeted metal ions.
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Ahmed, Yousif Hummaida. "Toxic waste treatment by slag cements." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336560.

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Линдіна, Юлія Миколаївна, Юлия Николаевна Лындина, Yuliia Mykolaivna Lyndina, et al. "The study of the toxic effect of the heavy metals salts on the erythropoiesis in the rats." Thesis, Springer, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81318.

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Heavy metals salts (HMS) are the most common pollutants that are proved to have the negative effect. The objective is to determine the morphological features of the marrow in rats, caused by the combined effect of the heavy metals salts.
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Ghaderian, Seyed Majid. "The effect of toxic heavy metals upon fungi of the genus Pythium isolated from soil." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301558.

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Books on the topic "Heavy and toxic metals"

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R, Krishna Murti C., Viswanathan Pushpa, and India. Ministry of Environment and Forests., eds. Toxic metals in the Indian environment. Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., 1991.

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McLaughlin, Carol. Proposed airborne toxic control measure for emissions of toxic metals from non-ferrous metal melting. State of California, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Stationary Source Division, 1992.

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Zaccaroni, Annalisa. Heavy metals in dolphins from the northern Adriatic Sea and potential subtle toxic effects. Nova Science Publisher's, 2011.

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Antonio Carlos A. da Costa. Batch and continuous heavy metals biosorption by a brown seaweed. MCT, CNPq, CETEM, 1996.

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Antonio Carlos A. da Costa. Batch and continuous heavy metals biosorption by a brown seaweed. MCT, CNPq, CETEM, 1996.

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L, Schnoor Jerald, Environmental Research Laboratory (Athens, Ga.), and University of Iowa. Civil and Environmental Engineering, eds. Processes, coefficients, and models for simulating toxic organics and heavy metals in surface waters. Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987.

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Ernest, Merian, Haerdi Werner, IAEAC Workshop on Toxic Metal Compounds ., and Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, eds. Toxic metal compounds in environment and life, 4 (interrelation between chemistry and biology) in memoriam of Hans Wolfgang Nürnberg: Selected papers from the Fourth IAEAC Workshop on Toxic Metal Compounds (Interrelation between Chemistry and Biology) at Les Diablerets (Switzerland), March 4-8, 1991 ; special supplement to Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability. Science and Technology Letters, 1992.

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Howlett, Niall G. The effects of altered membrane fatty acid composition on the toxic interactions of heavy metals with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Oxford Brookes University, 1998.

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Chang, Ling-Yun. Removal of toxic heavy metal ions in effluent waste water by gypsum precipitation. UMIST, 1995.

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Latham, Cathy. Progress report to the Legislature on Minn. Stat. 115A.9651: Toxics in specified products / prepared by Cathy Latham ; research assistance by Gayle DuPaul. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heavy and toxic metals"

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Kågeson, Per. "Toxic Heavy Metals." In Economy & Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5264-8_13.

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Novotny, Vladimir. "Diffuse Sources of Pollution by Toxic Metals and Impact on Receiving Waters." In Heavy Metals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79316-5_3.

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Malik, Darshan, Nandita Narayanasamy, V. A. Pratyusha, Jayita Thakur, and Nimisha Sinha. "Microminerals and Toxic Heavy Metals." In Textbook of Nutritional Biochemistry. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4150-4_12.

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Silvestre, Wendel Paulo, and Camila Baldasso. "Treatment of Water Contaminated by Heavy Metal using Membrane Separation Processes." In Toxic Metals Contamination. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003138907-7.

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Balderrama-Carmona, Ana Paola, Víctor Ramos-García, Liliana Ruiz-López, and Ximena Felipe-Ortega-Fonseca. "Propolis as a Bioindicator of Contamination with Toxic Metals." In Heavy Metal Remediation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53688-5_13.

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Szalóki, Gábor, Ildikó Czégény, Gábor Nagy, and Gáspár Bánfalvi. "Removal of Heavy Metal Sulfides and Toxic Contaminants from Water." In Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0428-2_16.

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Pócsi, István. "Toxic Metal/Metalloid Tolerance in Fungi—A Biotechnology-Oriented Approach." In Cellular Effects of Heavy Metals. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0428-2_2.

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Siegel, Frederic R. "Heavy Metals Mobility/Immobility in Environmental Media." In Environmental Geochemistry of Potentially Toxic Metals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04739-2_3.

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Andraos, John, and Albert S. Matlack. "Toxic Heavy Metal Ions." In Introduction to Green Chemistry, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033615-4.

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Nikita, Uma Singh, G. L. Tiwari, Richa Tandon, and Ravi Tandon. "Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Mediated by Cyanobacteria." In Biodegradation of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003391487-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heavy and toxic metals"

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Gichuhi, Tony, and David Tarjan. "Corrosion Control without the Use of Toxic Heavy Metals." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00068.

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Abstract Until recently heavy metal based corrosion inhibitors were widely accepted as the best materials that could provide the corrosion protection needed in coatings. Corrosion inhibitors provide an indispensable function in protective coatings. The performance of a coating under corrosive conditions requires that corrosion inhibitors provide sustainable protection during the coatings lifetime. The coating industry however is challenged to be more cognizant of the impact toxic metals have on human health and the environment. In response to a REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) mandate, products now containing zinc, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate (both ortho and dihydrogen), zinc sulfate, zinc chloride require hazardous dead fish and dead tree labeling due to their environmental toxicity. The list of chemicals considered Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or Reproductive (CMR) toxics continues to grow with the inclusion of most chromate and cobalt salts used in coatings. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) estimated that across all industries, approximately one million workers are exposed to hexavalent chromium on a regular basis. Workers are potentially exposed to hexavalent chromium compounds when involved in the production and/or use of chromate pigments, chromium catalysts, chromate paints and coatings, printing inks, plastic colorants, electroplating chemicals, wood preserving chemicals, leather tanning chemicals, textile dyes, and industrial water treatment products. The growing pressure to replace chromium, zinc, barium, and other heavy metals has shifted the coatings pendulum to more eco-friendly alternatives. This paper captures specific technologies reflecting the new paradigm shift based on heavy-metal free inorganic pigments as well as non-toxic organic corrosion inhibitors.
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Wojula, Olanrewaju Bola. "Electrical Characterization of Screen-Printed Electrodes for Toxic Heavy Metal Detection." In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icce63647.2025.10929990.

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Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Jovita, Anda Bakute, Oskars Purmalis, Kristaps Siltumens, and Inga Grinfelde. "BIOMONITORING OF HEAVY METALS IN THE CITY OF JELGAVA, LATVIA USING LICHEN, XANTHORIA PARIETINA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s19.50.

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In urban environments, human health is increasingly affected by air quality, particularly air pollution with particulate matter (PM), which contains various toxic chemical elements. Car traffic is one of the main sources of air pollution in urban areas, which not only raises dust from roadways but also emits micro particles from diesel engines and tire wear containing heavy metals. The aim of the study is to evaluate the ability of the lichen species Xanthoria parietina, commonly found in Latvia, to biomonitor and bioaccumulate various heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, V), and to use this lichen to determine the risk pollution zones in the city of Jelgava. In this study, the epiphytic lichen Xanthoria parietina was used as an air pollution biomonitor to assess long-term air pollution in Jelgava. Lichen samples of Xanthoria parietina were collected on February 14, 2017. In total, 60 samples were collected from 20 monitoring points, and 3 samples from one monitoring point outside the city center of Jelgava, approximately 7 km away. The lichen samples were analyzed using ICP-OES. Analyzing the results, five pollution groups could be identified - the first group reflected parks, while the remaining groups indicated the influence of car traffic with various metal footprints. The average element content in the samples, in descending order, was Mn&gt;Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Pb&gt;Cr&gt;V&gt;Ni&gt;As&gt;Cd. Our results indicate that heavy metals come from vehicles and fossil fuel combustion processes, such as As (0.4 ?g/l � 1.9 ?g/l), Cr (2.1 ?g/l � 13.8 ?g/l), Cu (5.7 ?g/l � 40.2 ?g/l), Ni (1.1 ?g/l � 6.8 ?g/l) and V (0.9 ?g/l � 10.0 ?g/l).
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Royer, Richard A., Richard F. Unz, Brian A. Dempsey, and William D. Burgos. "Dissimilatory Metal Reducing Bacteria in Biogeochemistry and Corrosion." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03554.

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Abstract Dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) have been recognized for their role in metal transformations in pristine and contaminated environments. These organisms can directly and indirectly reduce numerous minerals, toxic heavy metals, and radionuclides and may also alter the stability of important ferric oxide/hydroxide passive films, thereby, influencing corrosion cells. Direct biological reduction/dissolution of ferric iron-containing passive films may represent a mechanism of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) that is unique to DMRB. The factors that influence mineral dissolution may therefore be important in understanding and minimizing this form of MIC. A thermodynamic evaluation of hematite bioreduction suggests that hematite films may not be as stable as predicted based upon accepted thermodynamic data. Known biogeochemical and environmental reactions are examined herein for their potential role in promoting or possibly preventing corrosion.
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Ashar, Khoirun Nisa, Venty Suryanti, Abbilah Ero Mahdhani, Vicky Ahava Ferdinansyah, and Alifiananda Rahmatul Dafa Kesuma. "Utilization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Lapindo Mud on Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) System." In 8th International Conference on Advanced Material for Better Future. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ozje64.

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This research investigates the utilization of Escherichia coli and Lapindo mud in a two-chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) series. MFCs are tools that convert chemical energy into electrical energy with the help of catalytic reactions from microorganisms. This research uses a dual chamber reactor connected by a salt bridge, with graphite electrodes placed in each chamber and connected by copper cables. Lapindo mud contains heavy metals, such as Cu and Pb. In small amounts, heavy metals required for maintaining various biochemical and physiological functions in living organisms, but in greater amounts they can become hazardous or toxic. Heavy metals are major environmental contaminants. The toxicity of heavy metals is an important issue for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional, and environmental reasons. Lapinda mud was placed in the cathode chamber to produce electricity. The cathode chamber was packed using a mixture of Lapindo mud, ammonium chloride, and sulfuric acid. Various amount Lapindo mud was applied, such as 35, 45, and 55 g. On the anode side, E. coli bacteria was used as microorganisms under anaerobic conditions with glucose as a substrate. E. coli undergoes metabolism, producing NAD+ to transfer electrons to produce electricity. Electrical voltage measurements are carried out periodically every hour for 35 h. The best performance was achieved when 55 g of Lapindo mud was used. The exponential phase of E. coli growth occurred at 10 h of cultivation, resulting in a spike in electricity production of 228.13 mV. After reaching the stationary phase of bacterial growth, the electricity generation remained constant for 19-30 h, which reached 342.9 mV; 0.01 mA, 0.034167 watts.
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Tebbal, S., R. D. Kane, B. N. Al-Shumaunri, and P. K. Mukhopadhyay. "Development of a Non-Toxic Corrosion Inhibitor for MEA Plants." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98410.

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Abstract A non-toxic corrosion inhibitor based on organic compounds was developed to replace a heavy metal toxic inhibitor in MEA plants. The tasks involved in the development program are presented in this paper. A search for non-toxic organic chemicals with potential inhibitive properties was performed first followed by the preliminary screening tests. The best three chemicals were then tested in stirred autoclave at several concentrations. Slow strain rate runs were also performed to test the susceptibility of welded as well as non-welded carbon steel specimens to stress corrosion cracking. The single best performing chemical was then tested under turbulent and laminar flow conditions in a flow loop. High alloys materials typically found in amine plants were also tested in an autoclave setting to determine if they were compatible with the inhibitor. The single best performing inhibitor was then finally tested in a refinery gas plant for 18 months. The corrosion rates data, analytical results and physical inspection of the field equipment showed that the non-toxic corrosion inhibitor was very effective in reducing corrosion. Based on the results of the laboratory and field testing program, it was decided to replace the previous toxic corrosion inhibitor by the newly developed non-toxic corrosion inhibitor.
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Petrushka, Kateryna, Myroslav Malovanyy, Ihor Petrushka, and Jolanta Warchoł. "Statistical Analysis of the Influence of Heavy Metals in the Soil on the Biometric Parameters of Plants as a Consequence of Military Actions." In 8th International Congress "Environment Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management". Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-p86kay.

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Methods of assessing the intensity of plant growth in soils contaminated with elements of heavy metals as a result of military operations can provide important data regarding the migration, bioavailability of chemical compounds for plants, as a result of the formation of chemical compounds, which are key parameters for assessing the phytoremediation potential. The use of various methods of assessing the impact of heavy metals in the soil on plant growth can be evaluated not only based on the degree of environmental risk, but also predict the magnitude of the impact of a complex of chemical elements taking into account synergistic factors based on a statistical assessment based on the Pearson and Spearman complex. It was established that the mutual influence on the formation of active compounds in the soil significantly affects the intensity of plant growth and, accordingly, the negative correlation of the Pearson coefficient with the concentration of heavy metals in the soil for such as Cd, Cr and Ni. A positive correlation in the range of 0.75-0.89 is typical for soil samples with copper, lead, zinc and titanium. The impact of potentially toxic elements on the biometric parameters of plants was determined using germination tests. Slowdown of plant growth in the range of 5-10% was observed for soils with excess content of elements in the following sequence: zinc, lead, nickel, copper, chromium, cadmium and titanium.Statistical analysis was performed based on the results of biometric parameters of plants from germination tests. The application of the t-test (Shapiro-Wilk, p&gt;0.05) established statistical differences in the homogeneity of the dispersion and the normality of the distribution. Under the condition (p=0.05) of normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used. At p&gt;0.05, the Brown-Forsyth test was used to analyze homogeneity of variances with a normal distribution. The use of the Welch test made it possible to establish the fact whether the distribution is normal for homogeneous and heterogeneous dispersion. Based on the Statistica 13.1 program, it was established that the Welch test data confirm the normal distribution of various types of variance.
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Hughes, John E. "An Organometallic Ester Corrosion Inhibitor for Use in Direct-to-Metal Acrylic Paints." In SSPC 2012 Greencoat. SSPC, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2012-00021.

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Abstract Traditionally, the light industrial/general maintenance paint systems involved a primer along with multiple coats of acrylic finish paint to achieve acceptable corrosion resistance over mild steel substrates. The new Direct-To-Metal (DTM) acrylic paints are formulated to eliminate the primer, and perform as a primer and as a tough finish coat in a single paint, reducing the time and materials needed for complete coverage. The disadvantages of using the DTM acrylic paints are that when used on mild steel substrates they show poor corrosion resistance and flash rust upon application. A new organometallic ester (OME) corrosion inhibitor was developed to improve the corrosion resistance of the DTM acrylic paints when used over mild steel substrates. The OME corrosion inhibitor, when added in at up to 2.0% by weight as a post-addition to the existing DTM acrylic paints, improved 5% salt fog resistance from up to 48 hours before failure of the coating to greater than 370 hours before failure of the coating, with no detrimental effects observed on the other desired performance properties. The new OME corrosion inhibitor is a significant development for the DTM acrylic paint market for mild steel alloys because it dramatically improves the corrosion resistance of the DTM acrylic paints while remaining free from toxic heavy metals and VOC-containing solvents.
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Hawkins, Todd, and Susan Drozdz. "Nanocoatings for Harsh Environments." In SSPC 2012 Greencoat. SSPC, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2012-00020.

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Abstract Traditional organic coatings which provide cathodic protection such as zinc-rich coatings exhibit several major drawbacks. To achieve electrical conductivity zinc-rich coatings rely on tangential contact between zinc dust particles. This results in over pigmentation of the binder exceeding the critical pigment volume concentration of the resin system. This results in an inferior coating with poor physical and mechanical properties. In addition, Zinc-rich coatings limit the amount of corrosion protection they can provide. The utilization of carbon nanotechnology overcomes the issues noted above. Lower zinc loading levels produce a strong and stable coating film optimized well under the critical pigment volume concentration of the resin. The strong and conductive network of carbon nanotube ropes strengthens and stiffens the film while building an electron path through the binder system. Essentially less Zinc provides more availability for cathodic protection to damaged coating areas via the carbon nanotube ropes. Extending service life has a positive environmental and economic impact on waste reduction, energy and raw material consumption. Lowering zinc levels correspondingly lowers the levels of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead that are always present with zinc. High-Solids and low VOC coating systems are easy to formulate.
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Kushwaha, Aditya, Shalini Vardhan, and Neeraj Goel. "Engineering MoSe2 Defects via SHI Irradiation for Improved NH3 Gas Sensing: A DFT Study." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.18a_a35_6.

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Ammonia (NH3) gas, common in agriculture and industry, is toxic and necessitates real-time monitoring due to unreliable odour detection[1]. While two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer promising NH3 gas sensor properties due to improved sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response [2]. However, their dense stacking structure limits gas interaction, reducing sensitivity at room temperature. To overcome this, our study presents theoretical findings on utilizing swift heavy ions (SHI) irradiation to induce targeted defects in the MoSe2 lattice [3], thereby enhancing NH3 adsorption and improving sensing performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations compared NH3 sensing in pristine MoSe2 and SHI-modified MoSe2 with Se (Se-VAC) and Mo (Mo-VAC) vacancies. Results indicate Se-VAC has higher NH3 sensitivity, suggesting improved sensor performance due to increased surface-to-volume ratio.
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Reports on the topic "Heavy and toxic metals"

1

Bunting, Wade. Elimination of Toxic Heavy Metals From Small Caliber Ammunition. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada371028.

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2

Yermiyahu, Uri, Thomas Kinraide, and Uri Mingelgrin. Role of Binding to the Root Surface and Electrostatic Attraction in the Uptake of Heavy Metal by Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586482.bard.

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The principal accomplishment of the research supported by BARD was progress toward a comprehensive view of cell-surface electrical effects (both in cell walls [CWs] and at plasma membrane [PM] surfaces) upon ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration. The research confirmed that electrostatic models (e.g., Gouy-Chapman-Stern [G-C-S]), with parameter values contributed by us, successfully predict ion behavior at cell surfaces. Specific research objectives 1. To characterize the sorption of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) to the root PM in the presence of other cations and organic ligands (citric and humic acids). 2. To compute the parameters of a G-C-S model for heavy-metal sorption to the root PM. 3. To characterize the accumulation of selected heavy metals in various plant parts. 4. To determine whether model-computed ion binding or ion activities at root PM surfaces predict heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 5. To determine whether measured ion binding by protoplast-free roots (i.e., root CWs) predicts heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 6. To correlate growth inhibition, and other toxic responses, with the measured and computed factors mentioned above. 7. To determine whether genotypic differences in heavy-metal accumulation and toxic responses correlate with genotypic differences in parameters of the G-C-S model. Of the original objectives, all except for objective 7 were met. Work performed to meet the other objectives, and necessitated on the basis of experimental findings, took the time that would have been required to meet objective 7. In addition, work with Pb was unsuccessful due to experimental complications and work on Cd is still in progress. On the other hand, the uptake and toxicity of the anion, selenate was characterized with respect to electrostatic effects and the influences of metal cations. In addition, the project included more theoretical work, supported by experimentation, than was originally planned. This included transmembrane ion fluxes considered in terms of PM-surface electrical potentials and the influence of CWs upon ion concentrations at PM surfaces. A important feature of the biogeochemistry of trace elements in the rhizosphere is the interaction between plant-root surfaces and the ions present in the soil solution. The ions, especially the cations, of the soil solution may be accumulated in the aqueous phases of cell surfaces external to the PMs, sometimes referred to as the "water free space" and the "Donnan free space". In addition, ions may bind to the CW components or to the PM surface with variable binding strength. Accumulation at the cell surface often leads to accumulation in other plant parts with implications for the safety and quality of foods. A G-C-S model for PMs and a Donnan-plus-binding model for CWs were used successfully to compute electrical potentials, ion binding, and ion concentration at root-cell surfaces. With these electrical potentials, corresponding values for ion activities may be computed that are at least proportional to actual values also. The computed cell-surface ion activities predict and explain ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration of intoxication much more accurately than ion activities in the bulk-phase rooting medium.
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Randles, K. E., D. J. Bragg, D. E. Bodette, R. J. Lipinski, and T. F. Luera. Applicability of a field-portable toxic heavy metal detector, using a radioisotope-tagged metalloprotein, to DOE environmental remediation and waste minimization initiatives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/639710.

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Smith, P., M. Barr, and R. Barrans. Separations chemistry of toxic metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212496.

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Putnam, Mike, and Pilar Umnuss. Heavy Metals Analyzer. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607339.

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Blake II, Robert. Biotransformation of Toxic Metals by Bacteria. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266115.

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Blake, Robert, and III. Transformation and Precipitation of Toxic Metals by 'Pseudomonas maltophilia'. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238232.

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Blake, Robert, and II. Transformation and Precipitation of Toxic Metals by Pseudomonas maltophilia. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224329.

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9

Савосько, Василь Миколайович. Pedogeochemical Barriers of Heavy Metals’ Migration. Lublin: Institute of Agrophysics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2944.

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Jardine, Philip M., James Saiers, and Scott E. Fendorf. Containment of Toxic Metals and Radionuclides in Porous and Fractured. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828158.

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