Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heavy cement

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Academic literature on the topic 'Heavy cement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Heavy cement"

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Orlovskyi, V. "Heavy cement materials." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.1.48-51.

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Emphasis is placed on the urgency of the problem of creating cementitious materials and solutions of high density. The analysis of scientific sources in the field of development and research of modified cement materials with high density is carried out. The application of different types of weighting impurities to well cements is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the weighting impurities that are used in the modification of well cements are shown. The technological schemes of the most widespread ways of creation of the weighted cement materials are resulted. The assortment of weighted cement materials manufactured by the Ukrainian industry is analyzed. It is noted that improving the quality of the delineation of rocks and oil and gas horizons in exploration areas and industrial fields during the cementing of high-pressure layers and zones with abnormally high reservoir pressures is possible by the development possible and application of weighted heat-resistant cements with high technological properties on the basis of ash mixtures, as well as mixtures of standard well Portland cement PTSTI-100 and acidic ash removal of thermal power plants and barite weighing agent. Weighted and heat-resistant grouting materials with high performance properties with the use of industrial anthropogenic products have been developed and investigated. The selection of optimal recipes of new weighted cement materials was carried out. The results of the work have practical application in cementing oil and gas wells in complex mining and geological conditions in exploration areas and industrial hydrocarbon deposits.
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Ma, Bao Guo, Jing Ran Wang, and Xiang Guo Li. "Effect of Heavy Metals and Leaching Toxicity of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1080.

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Solidification / stabilization (S/S) is a popular method for treating solid wastes containing heavy metals. In recent years, it shows positive results of magnesium potassium phosphate cement as stabilizing agent. In the work, the influence of heavy metal Cu、Zn and Pb on magnesium phosphate cement and the leaching behavior of magnesium phosphate cement were studied. Two proportions of cements were employed with hard burned magnesia and potassium phosphate. The hydration products were analyzed by XRD showing that: Cu、Zn and Pb would not take on obvious effect during magnesium phosphate cement hydration process. Leaching toxicity tests showed that: Cu、Zn and Pb were immobilized within cement hydration products through physical fixation, adsorption mechanisms, and the results were far lower than that of the National Standard in China.
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Wei, Guo Xia, Han Qiao Liu, and Shu Guang Zhang. "Using of Different Type Cement in Solidification/Stabilization of MSWI Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1870.

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Solidification tests of MSWI fly ash (FA) with three types of cement including ordinary Portland cements (OPC), calcium sulfoaluminate cement(CSA) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) were carried out to discuss the effect of cement type on of the FA-cement solid matrix by means of setting time, compressive strength and heavy metals leachability. Results show that the setting time of the FA-cement mixtures using CSA and CAC is shorter than that of OPC. According to compressive strengths demand and the standard of landfill site of municipal solid waste, the dosage of OPC should be limited about 35% by weigh, the dosage of CAC should be limited about 25% by weigh, and the dosage of CSA should be limited more than 40% by weigh.
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Cheng, Qiangqiang, Jixiong Zhang, Nan Zhou, Yu Guo, and Shining Pan. "Experimental Study on Unconfined Compression Strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Composite Cemented Clay." Crystals 10, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040247.

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The effects of three main factors, including polypropylene fiber content, composite cement content and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength of fiber-reinforced cemented clay were studied through a series of unconfined compressive strength tests. The experimental results show that the incorporation of fibers can increase the compressive strength and residual strength of cement-reinforced clay as well as the corresponding axial strain when the stress peak is reached compared with cement-reinforced clay. The compressive strength of fiber-reinforced cement clay decreases first, then increases with small-composite cement at curing time 14 d and 28 d. However, fiber-reinforced cement clay’s strength increases with the increase of fiber content for heavy-composite cement. The compressive strength of fiber-composite cement-reinforced marine clay increases with the increase of curing time and composite cement content. The growth rate increases with the increase of curing time. The failure mode of composite cement-reinforced clay is brittle failure, while the failure mode of fiber-reinforced cemented clay is plastic failure.
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Zhang, Dong Mei, and Ming Shi Lu. "Preliminary Experimental Study on Self-Leveling Ground Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.689.

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The effects of the different content of cement-sand ratio,fineness modulus of sand, heavy calcium carbonate and high alumina cement on the self-leveling mortar was studied according to orthogonal experiment.The results show that when cement-sand ratio is 1.33,fineness modulus of sand is 2.2,heavy alumina is 20%,alumina cement is 10%,the mix amount of mortar is optimum.It can get a good performance of self-leveling mortar.
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Fan, Zhi Jin, Jin Chuan Gu, Yi Chen, Yong Xin Jin, Min Yin, and Wei Zhao. "Experimental Study of Cement on Heavy Metal Ion Removal." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.889.

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Utilize cement specific surface area is larger and neutralizes the acidic aqueous ,which can adsorb heavy metal,properties and can precipitate heavy metal.Study on removal rate of Cu2+,Pb2 +, Zn2 +, Cd2 +. By study the properties of the cement and analyzing the experimental data on the cement dosage,the ion concentration,PH and the stirring time, the results show that cement has better adsorption and the effect of precipitation on the above four kinds of ion, removal rate increased with increasing PH,the mount of dosage and stirring time.
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Johnson, C. Annette. "Cement stabilization of heavy-metal-containing wastes." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 236, no. 1 (2004): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.236.01.33.

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HAYASHI, Akihiko, Yuko OGAWA, Kenichiro NAKARAI, and Kenji KAWAI. "CAPTURING IN CEMENT PASTE OF HEAVY METAL ADDED WITH DIFFERENT METHODS." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 68, no. 1 (2014): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.68.375.

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Tang, Qiang, Peixin Shi, Yu Zhang, Wei Liu, and Lei Chen. "Strength and Deformation Properties of Fiber and Cement Reinforced Heavy Metal-Contaminated Synthetic Soils." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 19, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5746315.

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Heavy metals are not only hazardous to environment and public health, but they degrade the physicochemical and biological properties of soils increasing difficulty to the redevelopment of contaminated sites. This study proposes a method for reinforcing contaminated soils with fiber and cement. The feasibility of using wheat straw as fiber reinforcement is discussed. The strength of heavy metal-contaminated soil reinforced with wheat straw and cement is investigated through laboratory testing. Twelve groups of soil samples were prepared at three fiber contents (i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight), three water contents (i.e., 9%, 12%, and 15%), and three cement contents (i.e., 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by weight). Unconfined compression strength (UCS) was tested after 28 days of curing period and various freeze-thaw cycles. The testing results show that the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles results in the decrease of UCS. The inclusion of fiber reinforcement within cemented soil causes an increase in the UCS and changes the brittle behavior of cemented soil to a more ductile one. The UCS of the fiber-reinforced soils first increases, then decreases with the increase of water content, and reaches the maximum value at the optimum moisture content.
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Lu, Juan Juan, Yu Bing Liu, Wei Han, and Ping Dai. "Determination of Heavy Metal Oxide in Cement by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer." Key Engineering Materials 768 (April 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.768.69.

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When the MLD method is used to determine the main chemical composition in the cement, it is assumed that the sum of the measured chemical composition is 100%. When the trace amount of heavy metal oxide is present in the cement sample without measuring, a positive error will be caused for main chemical composition results. On the other hand, according to the national standards GB/T 30760-2014 "technical specification for coprocessing of solid waste in cement kiln", also need to determine the heavy metals in cement. In this work, vanadium pentoxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide were measured by using melt beads for the determination of the main chemical components in cement. The calibration sample was calibrated using the standard addition – fusion method, using the theoretical MLD coefficient to calculate the standard dilution ratio. The method has been applied to the determination of heavy metal oxides in cement samples and achieved good results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heavy cement"

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Chen, Quanyuan. "Examination of hydrated and accelerated carbonated cement-heavy metal mixtures." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2003. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6132/.

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Cement -based solidification/stabilisation (s/s) has been applied to the disposal of heavy metal bearing contaminated soil and wastes for approximately 50 years. This work studies the interactions of cement and heavy metals and provides further insight into encapsulation of heavy metals in cement matrices. The pastes and suspensions of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, pure cement phases ( 38, C}A, C4AF, Ci 2A7 and CA) and Portland cement with or without heavy metals (Zn2+ , Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+) were examined by a number of analytical techniques. These techniques were X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), solid state magic angle spinning/nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS/NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG). Thermodynamic modelling using a geochemical code, PHREEQC, and the edited database, was carried out to elucidate the chemical reactions occurring in cement/heavy metal systems. Heavy metals acted as accelerators for hydration of CaO, CaS and Portland cement except that Zn2+ retarded the early-age hydration of Cfi and Portland cement. This work confirmed that the precipitation of portlandite was retarded due to the hydrolysis of heavy metals. Calcium ions resulting from the decomposition of cement phases combined with heavy metals to form calcium-heavy metal double hydroxides, including CaZn2(OH)6.2H2O, Ca2(OH)4Cu(OH)2.mH2O and Ca2Cr(OH)7 .3H2O. The carbonation of CaS and Portland cement resulted in the formation of calcium carbonate and the condensation of silicates from single tetrahedra to branching sites and three-dimensional frameworks (low Ca/Si ratio C-S-H gel). The polymerisation of C-S-H gel, and the polymorphism conversion and decomposition temperature of calcium carbonate were influenced by heavy metals. The incorporation of heavy metal cations in C-S-H gel is similar to that seen in glass. Heavy metals acted as network modifiers or network intermediates. In hydrated Portland cement pastes, aluminium was partitioned in ettringite or calcium carboaluminate. After carbonation, this work revealed that aluminium was in the tetrahedral form, forming mixed AlCVSiC^ branching or three-dimensional networks. This thesis presents the new structural models for C-S-H gel and the chemical mechanisms of 38 reactions with water and carbon dioxide in the presence or absence of heavy metals. In the absence of gypsum, the reaction products detected in the pastes of C3A, C4AF, Ci2A? and CA were gehlenite hydrate, calcium carboaluminate, C4AH X and hydrogarnet. Heavy metals, especially Zn 2+ , inhibited the formation of hydrogarnet and promoted the conversion of C-A-H to calcium carboaluminate and calcium carbonate. In the presence of gypsum, the major hydration product of C^A was ettringite. During carbonation, COs'" substituted for SO 4 2 " and formed calcium carboaluminate, and eventually transformed into calcium carbonate and gibbsite. The conversion of metastable calcium carbonate polymorphs (aragonite and vaterite) to calcite through Ostwald ripening occurred very slowly in the carbonated pastes containing gypsum. The reactivity of C 3 A, C^Ay, CA and C4AF during carbonation was much lower than seen during hydration. Heavy metals influenced the rates and products of hydration or carbonation of CsA, Ci2A7, CA and C4 AF and were completely incorporated in the reaction products of these phases. Thermodynamic modelling confirmed that accelerated carbonation could be beneficially employed to cement-based s/s to improve its effectiveness. Calculations of solubility and equilibrium phase assemblage are consistent with the experimental examination obtained in this work.
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Young, Tyler B. "Early Age Assessment of Cement Treated Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/885.

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In order to avoid the occurrence of early-age damage, cement-treated base (CTB) materials must be allowed to cure for a period of time before the pavement can be opened to traffic. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the utility of the soil stiffness gauge (SSG), heavy Clegg impact soil tester (CIST), portable falling-weight deflectometer (PFWD), dynamic cone penetrometer, and falling-weight deflectometer for assessing early-age strength gain of cement-stabilized materials. Experimentation was performed at four sites on a pavement reconstruction project along Interstate 84 near Morgan, Utah, and three sites along Highway 91 near Richmond, Utah; cement stabilization was used to construct CTB layers at both locations. Each site was stationed to facilitate repeated measurements at the same locations with different devices and at different curing times. Because of the considerable attention they have received in the pavement construction industry for routine quality control and quality assurance programs, the SSG, CIST, and PFWD were the primary focus of the research. Statistical techniques were utilized to evaluate the sensitivity to curing time, repeatability, and efficiency of these devices. In addition, the ruggedness and ease of use of each device were evaluated. The test results indicate that the CIST data were more sensitive to curing time than the SSG and PFWD data at the majority of the cement-treated sites during the first 72 hours after construction. Furthermore, the results indicate that the CIST is superior to the other instruments with respect to repeatability, efficiency, ruggedness, and ease of use. Because the CIST is less expensive than the SSG and PFWD, it is more likely to be purchased by pavement engineers and contractors involved with construction of CTBs. For these reasons, this research suggests that the CIST offers greater overall utility than the SSG or PFWD for monitoring early-age strength gain of CTB. Further research is needed to identify appropriate threshold CIST values at which CTB layers develop sufficient strength to resist permanent deformation or marring under different types of trafficking.
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Čepčianska, Jana. "Složení a fyzikálně-mechanické vlastnosti samozhutnitelných těžkých malt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432983.

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This Master thesis is focused on characterization of multicompound self-compacting heavy-weight mortars resistant against long lasting influence of ionizing radiation in the underground nuclear waste storage. It examines a specific combination of properties of heavy-weight concretes and self-compacting mortars while considering the ecological and energetic impact of their production, as well as the productibility of partial substitutions that do not have negative impact on material properties. The Experimental part provides a comprehensive overview of composition and properties of self-compacting heavy-weight mortars with varying percentages of cement-to-mortar ratio. Sample properties were evaluated based on mechanical test results, thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
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Reese, G. Benjamin. "Use of the heavy Clegg impact soil tester to assess rutting susceptiblity of cement-treated base material under early trafficking /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1831.pdf.

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Kašpárková, Kateřina. "Vliv oxidů těžkých kovů na tvorbu a vlastnosti portlandského slínku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240407.

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The Master’s thesis is focused on a study of the effect of increased content of heavy metals present in a raw meal on the formation and properties of prepared clinker and acquired cement. Main attention is devoted to changes on the physical, mechanical, microstructural and hydration properties. The theoretical part contains an overview of clinker minerals occurring in Portland cement including the possibility of incorporation of heavy metals into their structure and affecting the properities of the cement. In the experimental part, there is compared the effect of heavy metal oxides on the composition and hydration properties of portland clinker and physical-mechanical and microstructural properities of cement pastes prepared from this clinker.
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Maríngolo, Vagner. "Clínquer Coprocessado: Produto de Tecnologia Integrada para Sustentabilidade e Competitividade da Indústria de Cimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-16022006-132935/.

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Em agosto de 2001 havia, no Brasil, sete fábricas de cimento com licença para o co-processamento de resíduos industriais em seus fornos, em substituição à matriz energética, e 14 outras em vias de adquiri-la. Há mais de cinco anos, a Companhia de Cimento Ribeirão Grande conta com efetiva participação de uma mistura (blend) de resíduos industriais de diferentes correntes no processo. O clínquer co-processado é hoje o componente principal do cimento portland da fábrica, o qual manteve resistências mecânicas à compressão às idades de 1, 3, 7 e 28 dias sempre acima dos limites normativos mínimos exigidos. Para atestar a imobilidade dos componentes inorgânicos incorporados ao clínquer, utilizaram-se ensaios microscópicos e análises químicas por espectrometria de absorção atômica e de raios X em clínqueres industriais não co-processados e co-processados; testes de lixiviação em cimentos de laboratório; química mineral por microssonda eletrônica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura em clínqueres dopados com Zn, V e Pb. Os resultados levaram, em linhas gerais, às seguintes considerações: - A microestrutura dos clínqueres co-processados manteve-se preservada com a introdução do blend no sistema. - As matérias-primas e o combustível fóssil respondem por boa parte dos elementos traços presentes no sistema. O blend introduz aporte extra dos elementos traços presentes na composição, enriquecendo seletivamente o clínquer co-processado. - Há, de maneira geral, compatibilidade grande dos elementos traços com o clínquer, mesmo de elementos voláteis como cádmio e mercúrio. Já cobalto e, principalmente, chumbo, são os que se mostraram menos compatíveis. - Nos clínqueres experimentais, alita incorporou preferencialmente zinco e chumbo, e belita, vanádio. - Não houve solubilização significativa de nenhum elemento de relevância ambiental dos cimentos, atestando sua retenção nos retículos cristalinos dos minerais formadores do clínquer portland. A qualidade ambiental do clínquer portland co-processado deve abranger sua propriedade de reter elementos traços em solução sólida, a manutenção da integridade das relações texturais, e a garantia da imobilidade de componentes tóxicos no produto final, através de um controle sistemático dos clínqueres e também dos cimentos.
In August 2001, in Brazil, there were seven cement plants with and an increasing number of others on the way to get the permit to co-processing, i.e. burning industrial wastes in their kilns as substitutes for fossil fuels. For over five years now the Companhia de Cimento Ribeirão Grande has counted on partial substitution of a blend of different waste streams for fossil fuels in the burning process. Co-processed clinker makes up today the main component of their Portland cement, which has shown mechanical strengths at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days permanently above standardized minimal limits. In order to assess the immobility of trace elements incorporated to the clinkers, a methodology was used which comprised carrying out microscopy and chemical analysis by atomic absorption and X-ray spectrometry of both conventional and co-processed clinkers, leaching tests on laboratory cements prepared with co-processed clinkers, mineral chemistry by electronic microprobe and scanning electronic microscopy on experimental clinkers doped with Zn, V and Pb. The results led to the following general statements: - Co-processed clinkers showed sound microstructure just like conventional clinkers. - Raw materials – limestone, clay and iron ore – and fossil fuels account a great deal for the amounts of trace elements involved in the burning process. According to its composition, the blend enriches selectively co-processed clinkers. - A general compatibility of trace elements – even highly volatile ones such as Cd and Hg – in clinker was observed. Co and especially Pb, however, were comparatively incompatible. - Alite of experimental clinkers incorporated preferentially Zn and Pb while belite incorporated V. - No elements showed any significant solubility from laboratory cements, thus attesting retention of environmentally relevant trace elements in the crystal lattice of clinker mineral phases. Co-processed Portland clinker must present environmental quality by retaining trace elements in solid solution, while being able to keep sound textural relationships, and guarantee immobility of toxic components on the final product. This should be attested through a systematic control of clinkers and also of cements.
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Mantegazza, Ezio. "Aspectos ambientais do co-processamento de resíduos em fornos de produção de clínquer no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-18022016-100234/.

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A geração de resíduos sólidos é inerente ao desenvolvimento humano. O concreto armado é um dos materiais mais utilizados pelo homem e tem o cimento Portland como seu principal constituinte, o qual é produzido pela moagem de clínquer e gesso. O clínquer pode ser definido como um mineral artificial, obtido a partir das reações físico-químicas de calcário, argila e corretivos a altas temperaturas, em forno rotativo industrial, mediante a queima de combustíveis fósseis. No início da década de 70 foram realizadas as primeiras experiências de substituição de combustíveis fósseis por resíduos industriais nos Estados Unidos e países europeus, através da técnica denominada co-processamento, resultando na manufatura de um produto ao mesmo tempo em que os resíduos eram eliminados. O co-processamento se baseia na recuperação da energia disponível nos resíduos, substituindo parte daquela fornecida pelos combustíveis tradicionais ou na substituição de matérias-primas por resíduos com características químicas semelhantes àquelas normalmente empregadas na produção do clínquer. No estado de São Paulo as primeiras iniciativas para a utilização de resíduos industriais em fornos de clínquer ocorreram no início da década de 90. A partir de 1997 os órgãos ambientais de alguns estados brasileiros normatizaram procedimentos de licenciamento da atividade que foi, posteriormente, uniformizada por norma em âmbito federal. No ano de 1995 a Companhia de Cimento Ribeirão Grande/SP, Brasil, iniciou os procedimentos visando a substituição parcial dos combustíveis utilizados nos fornos rotativos por uma mistura de resíduos industriais. No período de 1995 a 2002 foram realizadas campanhas de amostragens em chaminés para avaliação das emissões atmosféricas dos dois fornos de produção de clínquer. A análise dos resultados obtidos associada às demais informações disponíveis de monitoramento das características das matérias-primas e combustíveis utilizados, bem como dos produtos finais, clínquer e cimento, não evidenciou alterações significativas nos níveis de emissões atmosféricas, sobretudo de material particulado e óxidos de enxofre, que pudessem ser associadas à utilização dos resíduos. Foram confirmadas as baixas emissões de inorgânicos e evidenciado o papel representado pelos resíduos no aporte dessas substâncias no sistema-forno, concluindo-se que esse aporte pode ser tão ou mais importante pela via da alimentação da farinha, cujos teores estão associados às características das jazidas minerais utilizadas. Foi também confirmada a alta eficiência do sistema-forno na destruição e remoção dos compostos orgânicos perigosos alimentados durante os testes de queima.
The production of industrial residues in inherent to the human development. The cement concrete is one of the most used material, manly the type portland cement, which is constituted by grinding clinker and gypsum together. Clinker can be defined as an artificial mineral obtained by applying physico-chemical reactions, at very high temperatures, to an appropriated mixture of limestone, clay, and some other materials in a rotating industrial kiln wich burns fossil fuels. In the early 1970 decade occurred the first experiences substituting fossil fuels by organic residues in USA and Europe through a technique named co-processing that results the production of certain manufacture while eliminates residues. Co-processing is based in the recovery of thermal energy and/or the mass of some constituents from some residues, with the same chemical characteristics of normal sources of energy, then economizing fuels and mass constituents and making better use of residues, otherwise useless and environmentally polluters. In the state of São Paulo this practice began in early 1990 decade and by 1997 it was started the standardization of the rules for its use in some units of the federation. Later this activity was regulated by nationally approved standard rules. In 1995 the industry Companhia de Cimento Ribeirão Grande (CCRG), a cement plant located in the city of Ribeirão Grande, São Paulo state, Brazil, started procedures searching the partial substitution of the normal fuels by a mixture of industrial residues in its two rotating kilns. The gaseous emissions from the chimneys of these two clinker kilns were studied from 1995 to 2002 about the use of residues as part of the fuel. Analyses of the final results associated with other informations concerning to the quality of raw minerals, fuels and products did not show significant alterations in atmospheric emissions, mainly for particulate material and sulfur oxides, related with the use of residues. The emissions of inorganic continued to be low and not significantly altered by the presence of residues. It was possible to conclude that the alterations in inorganic emissions depend more from the quality of the raw minerals feed in the kilns, which is more difficult to control, than from the presence of residues being burn with the fuel. It was shown a high efficiency in the destruction of dangerous organic compounds feed in the cement kilns, under test conditions.
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Ahmed, Yousif Hummaida. "Toxic waste treatment by slag cements." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336560.

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Fernandes, Maria Roseane de Pontes. "Pastas comp?sitas cimento/s?lica/pol?mero para cimenta??o de po?os de baixa profundidade sujeitas ? inje??o de vapor." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12923.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The production of heavy oil fields, typical in the Northeastern region, is commonly stimulated by steam injection. High bottom hole temperatures are responsible not only for the development of deleterious stresses of the cement sheath but also for cement strength retrogression. To overcome this unfavorable scenario, polymeric admixtures can be added to cement slurries to improve its fracture energy and silica flour to prevent strength retrogression. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the addition of different concentrations of polyurethane (5-25%) to cement slurries containing 40% BWOC silica flour. The resulting slurries were characterized using standard API (American Petroleum Institute) laboratory tests. In addition to them, the mechanical properties of the slurries, including elastic modulus and microhardness were also evaluated. The results revealed that density, free water and stability of the composite cement/silica/polyurethane slurries were within acceptable limits. The rheological behavior of the slurries, including plastic viscosity, yield strength and gel strength increased with the addition of 10% BWOC polyurethane. The presence of polyurethane reduced the fluid loss of the slurries as well as their elastic modulus. Composite slurries also depicted longer setting times due to the presence of the polymer. As expected, both the mechanical strength and microhardness of the slurries decreased with the addition of polyurethane. However, at high bottom hole temperatures, the strength of the slurries containing silica and polyurethane was far superior than that of plain cement slurries. In summary, the use of polyurethane combined with silica is an interesting solution to better adequate the mechanical behavior of cement slurries to heavy oil fields subjected to steam injection
Em campos que possuem ?leos pesados ? necess?rio um meio para estimular o ?leo a fluir pela forma??o, tais reservas s?o caracter?sticas da Regi?o Nordeste do Brasil e necessitam da inje??o de vapor para sua recupera??o. Temperatura elevada no fundo do po?o proporciona tens?es induzidas na bainha de cimento, al?m de favorecer a retrogress?o de resist?ncia do cimento, comprometendo a qualidade da cimenta??o. Sendo assim, adiciona-se em pastas cimentantes, o pol?mero, afim de se promover maior plasticidade e s?lica a para evitar o efeito da perda de resist?ncia mec?nica (retrogress?o). Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento de pastas de cimento contendo poliuretana em diferentes concentra??es (5% a 25%) e 40% BWOC de s?lica flour. Foram realizados ensaios padronizados pelo API (American Petroleum Institute) e ensaios para obten??o do m?dulo de elasticidade e microdureza, al?m da caracteriza??o das pastas formuladas. Os resultados mostraram que as pastas comp?sitas cimento/s?lica/poliuretana apresentaram valores de peso espec?fico, ?gua livre e estabilidade dentro dos estabelecidos por norma. As propriedades reol?gicas foram modificadas, a viscosidade pl?stica, o limite de escoamento e os g?is aumentaram com a adi??o a partir de 10% BWOC de poliuretana. A poliuretana favoreceu melhor controle de filtrado e diminuiu o m?dulo de elasticidade das pastas. A mesma tamb?m promoveu retardamento da pega do cimento. As propriedades mec?nicas de resist?ncia e microdureza diminu?ram com a adi??o de s?lica e/ou s?lica/poliuretana, entretanto, em alta temperatura a resist?ncia mec?nica das pastas com s?lica e poliuretana tiveram um valor bem superior quando comparado com a pasta de cimento padr?o. A caracteriza??o das pastas mostrou que a adi??o de s?lica e pol?mero diminui o teor de c?lcio do cimento e que h? a forma??o do filme polim?rico. Pol?mero combinado com cimento e s?lica pode ser usado como aditivo para diminuir o m?dulo de elasticidade e, desta forma, fornecer maior plasticidade e resist?ncia ?s ciclagens t?rmicas ocasionadas pelo processo de inje??o de vapor
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Semerádová, Nikol. "Fixace těžkých kovů v cementové matrici s příměsí přírodního zeolitu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265514.

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Heavy metals released to the natural ecosystem constitute significant risks not only for organisms, but also for water supplies in the nature. There are a number of analytical methods for the determination of heavy metals. Each of them is suitable for different element and its character. Since the results of the analysis are applied during the solidification and stabilization, it is necessary to ensure the highest correlation between hazardous waste and solidification medium for maximum inhibition of toxic ions. This work investigates the stabilization of heavy metals binders based on cement base with admixture of the natural zeolite and its possible use for the solidification of heavy metals in soluble form.
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Books on the topic "Heavy cement"

1

Wilk, Charles M. Stabilization of heavy metals with Portland cement: Research synopsis. Skokie, Ill: Portland Cement Association, 1997.

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Klemm, Waldemar A. Ettringite and oxyanion-substituted ettringites, their characterization and applications in the fixation of heavy metals: A synthesis of the literature. Skokie, Ill: Portland Cement Association, 1998.

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Tipping, Eleanor J. An investigation into using Portland cement, granulated ground blast furnace slag, and Bentonite blends as a treatment for heavy metal contaminated wastewaters. [London]: Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1995.

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IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference (41st 1999 Roanoke, Va.). 1999 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference: Conference record, April 11-15, 1999, Roanoke, Vrginia. Piscataway, N.J: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1999.

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Stabilization of heavy metals in portland cement, silica fume/portland cement and masonry cement matrices. Skokie, Ill: Portland Cement Association, 1999.

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IEEE-IAS and British Columbia) PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference (43rd :. 2001 :. Vancouver. 1999 IEEE 41st Cement Industry Technical Conference (Cement Industry Technical Conference//Conference Record). Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 1999.

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Lines, Rainbow. Big Construction Vehicles Coloring Book: Heavy Equipment, Excavators, Cranes, Tipper Trucks, Cement Trucks and Many More Building Machines! Independently Published, 2020.

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Patton, Raymond A. Culture Wars. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872359.003.0008.

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This chapter shows how the growing culturally oriented divisions in and around punk peaked in the mid-1980s in culture wars that emerged simultaneously in societies across the First and Second Worlds. In the United States, the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) formed in Washington, DC, to combat profanity in music; in the United Kingdom, Crass faced obscenity charges; and governments of several Eastern European countries cracked down on punk and its offshoots, new wave and heavy metal. However, by the mid-1980s, a new coalition of forces began to form in opposition to the neoconservative reaction against punk at the beginning of the decade, defined by cultural openness, progressivism, and “coolness.” Punk thereby helped cement a political reorientation that cut across ideological and socioeconomic groupings in the East and West, realigning societies according to progressive versus conservative identities—categories that would continue to define politics long after the end of the Cold War era.
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Book chapters on the topic "Heavy cement"

1

Tezuka, Hiroaki, Takahiro Yamauchi, and Fumio Tatsuoka. "Development of a New In-place Cement-Mixing Method by High-Pressure Injection." In Geotechnical Hazards from Large Earthquakes and Heavy Rainfalls, 87–100. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56205-4_8.

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Hagiwara, Shotaro, Yoshimichi Tsukamoto, and Shohei Kawabe. "Effects of Overconsolidation, Cement Stabilisation, and Unsaturation on the Liquefaction Resistance of Urayasu Sand." In Geotechnical Hazards from Large Earthquakes and Heavy Rainfalls, 171–80. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56205-4_16.

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Liu, Song-Yu, Yan-Jun Du, Lei Chen, Zhi-Bin Liu, and Fei Jin. "Application of Electrical Resistivity For Cement Solidified/Stabilized Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, 259–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_18.

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Mukherjee, Arun B., Ursula Kääntee, and Ron Zevenhoven. "The Effects of Switching from Coal to Alternative Fuels on Heavy Metals Emissions from Cement Manufacturing." In Chemistry of Trace Elements in Fly Ash, 45–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4757-7_4.

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Maruthupandian, Surya, Napoleana Anna Chaliasou, and Antonios Kanellopoulos. "Recycling Mine Tailings for a Sustainable Future Built Environment." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 163–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_21.

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AbstractThe future sustainable built environment focuses mainly on environmental conservation and technological innovation and development. However, with infrastructure development, the consumption of raw materials such as cement, gypsum, sand, and stones increases. Therefore, use of industrial waste as raw material in construction shall be proposed as a sustainable and environment friendly alternative. Also, the higher demand for mineral commodities have led to increased mining and hence increased mining waste. The mine tailings being the wastes from rocks and minerals processing, are generally rich in Si, Ca, Al, Mg, and Fe, and also have considerable amounts of heavy metals and metalloids such as Pb, As, Co, Cu, Zn, V, and Cr. When tailings contain sulphide minerals, it may also lead to acid mine drainage. This makes the effective and efficient recycling and reuse of mine waste a major environmental concern. However, the physical, mineralogical and chemical composition of the mine tailings renders it a suitable material for use in civil engineering applications. This paper discusses the use of mine tailings of different origins for different civil engineering applications such as bricks, ceramics, fine aggregates, coarse aggregate and cementitious binders. This approach has a potential to reduce the demand on existing natural resources to face the demands of the exponentially developing infrastructure.
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Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem, Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Noor Amira Sarani, and Azini Amiza Hashim. "Toxicity Characteristics and Heavy Metals Leachability of Self Compacted Concrete Containing Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as Partial Cement and Sand Replacement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 13–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4918-6_2.

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"The Heavy Industry Sector (Steel and Cement)." In Factor Five, 173–204. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849774475-11.

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Ludwig, Christian, Felix Ziegler, and C. Annette Johnson. "Heavy Metal Binding Mechanisms in Cement-Based Waste Materials." In Studies in Environmental Science, 459–68. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1116(97)80229-4.

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"Influences of carbonation on heavy metal diffusivity in cement hydrates." In Concrete Under Severe Conditions, Two Volume Set, 350–55. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11817-38.

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Kawai, K., T. Sato, and Y. Miyamoto. "Influences of carbonation on heavy metal diffusivity in cement hydrates." In Concrete Under Severe Conditions, Two Volume Set, 329–34. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10552-39.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heavy cement"

1

Loiseau, Anthony. "Thermal Expansion of Cement and Well Integrity of Heavy Oil Wells." In SPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171066-ms.

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Tomilina, Elena M., and Alice Chougnet-SIrapian. "New Thermally Responsive Cement for Heavy Oil Wells." In SPE Heavy Oil Conference Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/157892-ms.

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Fuenmayor, Mac, Diego Orozco, Hollman Nieto, Javier Alexander Urdaneta, Alberto Gomez, Lance Brothers, and Herman Camilo Pedrosa. "Long-Term Calcium Phosphate Cement for In-Situ Combustion Project." In SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170016-ms.

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Shao, Lisheng, and Ken Ivanetich. "Heavy Structures Supported by Soil-Cement Columns." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41108(381)16.

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Eid, Ramy, and Napal Pratap Singh Ranavat. "Kuwait's First Thermal Venture - Success with Resilient Cement." In SPE Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/150624-ms.

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Chartier, Mark A., Scott Thompson, Marius Bordieanu, Giovanni Bustamante, J. Ryan Saunders, and Trent M. V. Kaiser. "Performance Characterization and Optimization of Cement Systems for Thermally Stimulated Wells." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174493-ms.

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Garnier, Andre, Jeremie Saint-Marc, Axel-Pierre Bois, and Yvan Kermanac'h. "A Singular Methodology To Design Cement Sheath Integrity Exposed To Steam Stimulation." In International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117709-ms.

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DeBruijn, Gunnar Gerard, Carlos Siso, Don Reinheimer, Sarah Misser Whitton, and Dwayne Redekopp. "Flexible Cement Improves Wellbore Integrity for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Wells." In International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117859-ms.

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Iremonger, Simon S., Mitchell Bolt, and Sally C. Lawrence. "Enhanced Thermal Well Integrity Through The Use Of A New Cement Tensile Strength-enhancing Fiber." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174483-ms.

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Pohl, Jonathan, Bipin Jain, Husain Al-Hawaj, Ali Shehab, Hussain Sultan, Nazar Al-Tarif, and AlGhani Sayed. "Successful Application of Engineered High Temperature Resistant Cement in a steam flood injection project in Bahrain." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/184965-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Heavy cement"

1

Canonico, J. Scott. Solidification/Stabilization of High Nitrate and Biodenitrified Heavy Metal Sludges with a Portland Cement/Flyash System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770933.

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Figueroa, L., N. E. Cook, R. L. Siegrist, J. Mosher, S. Terry, and S. Canonico. [Task 1.] Biodenitrification of low nitrate solar pond waters using sequencing batch reactors. [Task 2.] Solidification/stabilization of high strength and biodenitrified heavy metal sludges with a Portland cement/flyash system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/774262.

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