Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heavy chemicals

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Heavy chemicals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Heavy chemicals"

1

Vuong, Ann M., Kimberly Yolton, Joseph M. Braun, Bruce P. Lanphear, and Aimin Chen. "Chemical mixtures and neurobehavior: a review of epidemiologic findings and future directions." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0010.

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AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have historically focused on single toxicants, or toxic chemicals, and neurodevelopment, even though the interactions of chemicals and nutrients may result in additive, synergistic, antagonistic, or potentiating effects on neurological endpoints. Investigating the impact of environmentally-relevant chemical mixtures, including heavy metals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), is more reflective of human exposures and may result in more refined environmental policies to protect the public.ObjectiveIn this review, we provide a summary of epidemiological studies that have analyzed chemical mixtures of heavy metals and EDCs and neurobehavior utilizing multi-chemical models, including frequentist and Bayesian methods.ContentStudies investigating chemicals and neurobehavior have the opportunity to not only examine the impact of chemical mixtures, but they can also identify chemicals from a mixture that may play a key role in neurotoxicity, investigate interactive effects, estimate non-linear dose response, and identify potential windows of susceptibility. The examination of neurobehavioral domains is particularly challenging given that traits emerge and change over time and subclinical nuances of neurobehavior are often unrecognized. To date, only a handful of epidemiological studies examining neurodevelopment have utilized multi-pollutant models in the investigation of heavy metals and EDCs. However, these studies were successful in identifying contaminants of importance from the exposure mixtures.Summary and OutlookInvestigators are encouraged to broaden their focus to include more environmentally relevant mixtures of chemicals using advanced statistical approaches, particularly to aid in identifying potential mechanisms underlying associations.
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Rybak, Leonard P. "Hearing: The Effects of Chemicals." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 6 (June 1992): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600611.

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Recent studies of human beings exposed to environmental chemicals, as well as experimental animal studies, have identified a number of chemical agents that are commercial products, chemical intermediaries, waste products, or contaminants that are potentially ototoxic. The classes of compounds discussed in this review include organic solvents, asphyxiant gases, and heavy metals that are present in the environment as Industrial pollutants or byproducts. Both human and animal investigations are summarized in discussing the actions of these ototoxic compounds. The suggested gaps in our knowledge are highlighted to help direct future research.
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Meng, Shengbing, Shuming Wen, Guang Han, Xiao Wang, and Qicheng Feng. "Wastewater Treatment in Mineral Processing of Non-Ferrous Metal Resources: A Review." Water 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050726.

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Water used by mining enterprises needs to be comprehensively recovered and utilized to achieve clean production. This requires the effective treatment of mineral processing wastewater. Wastewater produced during non-ferrous metal mineral processing contains a complex mixture of pollutants at high concentrations, making comprehensive treatment difficult. Here, the sources of and hazards posed by wastewater produced during non-ferrous metal mineral processing are introduced and the techniques for removing heavy metal ions and organic chemicals are reviewed. Chemical precipitation and adsorption methods are often used to remove heavy metal ions. Chemical precipitation methods can be divided into hydroxide and sulfide precipitation methods. Organic chemicals are mainly removed using oxidation methods, including electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and ultrasonic synergistic oxidation. External and internal cyclic utilization methods for treating wastewater produced by mineral processing plants are introduced, and a feasibility analysis is performed.
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Deborah, S., and J. Sebastin Raj. "Bioremediation of heavy metals from Distilleries Effluent using Microbes." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i2.21.

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One of the major universal threats is water pollution. The untreated distilleries effluent discharge into the environment creates a serious problem to the living systems. It may contain carcinogenic aromatics amines, dyes, organic and inorganic chemical compounds. The physicochemical characterization of effluent was collected from Trichy Distilleries & Chemicals pvt Ltd, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India and the chemical analyzed in Soil Testing Laboratory, Tiruchirappalli. The effluent was analyzed by different parameters. The physical parameters are BOD, COD, and DO, TDS, pH and electrical conductivity. Heavy metal analysis included Zinc, Lead, Manganese, Arsenic, Iron, Mercury, Copper, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel. The soil sample was taken from Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Ltd and analyzed by serial dilution technique. The three microbes such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, were isolated from soil source. The isolated organism was treated with the effluent for various concentrations in various hours. The metal accumulations were identified in soil test lab, Trichy. The hyper accumulations of metal in microbes were identified. The present study explores the effectiveness of bioremediation has a simultaneous removal of Zinc, Lead, Manganese, Arsenic, Iron, Mercury, Copper, Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel from the distilleries effluent. Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains effectively remove the heavy metal from the distilleries effluent.
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Abdullahi, N., E. C. Igwe, and M. A. Dandago. "Heavy metal uptake and stress in food crops: A Review." Agricultural Science and Technology 13, no. 4 (April 2021): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2021.04.053.

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Abstract. Heavy metal (HM) food contamination is detrimental to food safety and human health. Water scarcity, food shortage, illiteracy, failure to enforce environmental protection laws, and food quality regulations account for human HM contamination. Understanding their uptake pattern in food crops and how the crops behave under excessive concentration of these hazardous chemicals will guide farmers, researchers, and policymakers in devising appropriate control measures that will ensure the production and consumption of safer food crops. Relevant texts published by Science Direct, Springer Nature, and Wiley between January 2018 and December 2020 were cited in this article. The article discussed major factors affecting HM accumulation and the effects of HM stress on yield, physiology, and chemical properties of food crops. Wastewater irrigation, production in contaminated soil, and atmospheric deposit contributed to the contamination. Factors that influence HM uptake are those related to soil and irrigation water qualities and plant properties. The presence of other HMs and chemicals, growing season, crop age, planting method, and food crop type also affect HM uptake in food crops. HM stress affects anatomy, physiology including antioxidant defense mechanisms, nutrient availability and uptake, germination, seedlings development, growth, yield, leaf geometry, root and shoot length, plant genetics, pollination, and chemical composition including moisture content, soluble protein, and pigment content and characteristics.
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Minyard, James P., W. Edward Roberts, and William Y. Cobb. "State Programs for Pesticide Residues in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (May 1, 1989): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.525.

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Abstract Two U.S. data collection and dissemination programs, FEEDCON and FOODCONTAM, are described. FEEDCON provides information on contamination levels in animal feeds of toxic chemical residues (pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, mycotoxins, natural plant toxins, salmonella, and therapeutic drug cross-contaminations). FEEDCON data are collected from approximately 40 state feed regulatory agencies, feed manufacturers, and related groups who subscribe ($100-$200 per year) to the program, which is sponsored by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. FOODCONTAM provides similar information, but is limited to pesticides, heavy metals and industrial chemicals (polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls, etc.) in human foods. Both programs have been developed and initiated under U.S. Food and Drug Administration contracts with the Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory. Program structures of both are outlined conceptually, and FOODCONTAM is described in detail. FOODCONTAM data-sharing program development is essentially complete, but expansion by incorporating FDA data with State Laboratory data is nearing reality.
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Marchioretto, M. M., H. Bruning, N. T. P. Loan, and W. H. Rulkens. "Heavy metals extraction from anaerobically digested sludge." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 10 (November 1, 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0275.

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This paper reports on the chemical extraction efficiency in the removal of heavy metals from sludge from an activated-sludge system, which receives as influent both industrial and municipal wastewater. Utilizing a series of chemical extractants in a sequential order comprised the first phase of the research, called sequential chemical extraction (SCE). The work started with the well-known Tessier method followed by Veeken and by Sims and Kline SCE schemes. Afterwards, modified versions of Tessier and Veeken schemes were applied. The second phase, named chemical extraction using pH progressive changes, concerns an alternative to the extraction process. Four acids were tested: nitric, hydrochloric, oxalic and citric and the pH values as well as the time were varied. Some conclusions reveal that although modifying Tessier and Veeken schemes provides more consistent results, SCE is still an imperfect method regarding specificity and selectivity. Besides, it is not advisable to apply one SCE scheme developed for one specific situation to another one, once the accurateness of the method depends on several factors such as sort of material and chemicals, contact time, temperature, etc. The extraction efficiency increases using nitric or hydrochloric acids at low pH values, promoting high extraction efficiency level.
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Shi, Li Na, Xun Xu, Xiao Yan Dou, and Xu Dong Zhao. "The Research Progress of Heavy Metals in PM2.5." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1397.

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PM2.5 is one of the most important components in air pollution. It is also the focus of the most closely watched at home and abroad. Based on its small size, complex components, and strongenvironmental activity, it can be used as a carrier for chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria, toxins and carcinogens into the body. Then, as a result, it will affect Human Body Health. Heavy metals are important components of PM2.5, and the long-term accumulation of heavy metals in PM2.5 poses a great threat on human health and the environment. This paper reviewed the sources, distribution methods,chemical form, detection methods, disposal way, research progress of heavy metals in PM2.5. As a result, it provided a reference for in-depth study on the future.
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Hamdy, Faris Moayed Ahmed, Abdullatif Mohammed Raouf, Israa Abdulsatar Esmael, Laith Hamza Thuaban, Nadia Fakhry Ibraheem, Hiba Mahmoud Yas, Maher Talib Ali, Zakya Salah Al Deen Salman, Najim Abd Alhusain Jabir, and Tamadhir Neama Yousif. "Mimicking the Crude Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Demulsification Process in Power Plants for Preparing a New Demulsifiers." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i4.376.

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Water–in–oil emulsions are a big challenge in the production and processing of crude oil due to its bad influence on the fundamental and practical aspects of industrial facilities. Researches for decades gave this phenomena a great deal in the planning to construct power plants, refineries, oil companies and other industrial facilities that uses crude oil as a raw material. In order to overcome the disadvantages and hazards of water–in–oil emulsions researchers used chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical methods individually or in combination. The chemical method has gained the main interest due to its ease of use and economic feasibility. Demulsifiers have been used extensively to solve the problem of water in oil emulsions. The choice of using the right combination of chemicals had been reached after studying many factors such as cost and safety. This research addresses many fundamental and practical aspects regarding demulsifiers and oil demulsification aiming to find the best selection of chemicals that can be used to treat crude oil before using, refining or transporting it. The crude oil in this research had been demulsified and tested by the spectroil test method while the bottle test method had not been used to mimic the demulsification process used in power plant. The work was carried out using two types of oil, crude oil (containing 7 ppm Na and K salts concentration) and heavy fuel oil HFO (containing 12 ppm Na and K salts concentration). The crude oil samples were taken from Al – Hilla 2 power plant while the HFO samples were taken from South Baghdad 2 power plant. The results showed that the water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility that used as a demulsifiers like the acrylic derivatives gave the best demulsification when using more wash water percentage. While the combination of water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility and oil soluble chemicals gave the best results in treating heavy fuel oil while using less wash water percentage.
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BIGELOW, SANFORD W. "Role of the Food Chemicals Codex in Lowering Dietary Lead Consumption: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.6.455.

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Because chemicals used in the production of food constitute a significant portion of the U.S. diet, reducing lead levels in them is one of the long-term objectives of the Committee on Food Chemicals Codex, a committee of the Food and Nutrition Board within the Institute of Medicine. The Committee recommends limits for lead, as well as for other heavy metals, arsenic, and other potentially hazardous constituents in chemicals used in food production. Food Chemicals Codex specifications often become legal standards for food chemical purity in the United States and other countries throughout the world. The Committee plans to lower lead limits for food chemicals based on their level of consumption or reported use. Data regarding food chemical use are available from the 1987 Poundage and Technical Effects Update of Substances Added to Food. Because of their high level of consumption, sweeteners constitute a group of food chemicals in which lower lead limits could reduce dietary lead intake. A test method capable of measuring lead at lower levels in certain sweeteners has been published in the third supplement to the Food Chemicals Codex, 3rd edition. The Committee's objective is to ensure that the substances listed in the Food Chemicals Codex do not contribute significant amounts of lead to the diet.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heavy chemicals"

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Whitt, Michael John-Ross. "Studies to Characterize Heavy Metal Content and Migration From Recycled PolyethyleneTerephthalate." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1350.

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Packaging Materials account for 31% of the world’s municipal solid waste. Agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) are pushing for the increased use of recycled thermoplastic materials. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly recycled thermoplastic which is used to package ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. Most recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) packaging materials contain heavy metal catalysts, the most common being antimony. The recent increased use of recycled plastic materials has been suspected as the source of increased human heavy metal exposure. In this study, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead and antimony were quantified in post-consumer RPET rigid containers and films using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Two hundred samples were tested of which 29 were found to be contaminated with heavy metals in the parts-per-million (ppm) range. Chromium was found in all the contaminated sample replicates at an average level of 8.18 ppm. Cadmium was found in all the contaminated samples as well. Lead was found in 90.4% of the contaminated samples and concentrations ranged from a low of 0.02 ppm to a high of 0.36 ppm. Nickel was found in 96.4% of the contaminated samples while antimony was found in 97.6% of the samples. Due to limited sample material, 22 of the 29 contaminated RPET rigid containers and films were tested for heavy metal migration into a 5% citric acid:water solution (w/v) or deionized water. Samples were subjected to prolonged storage at 7.2 or 22.2°C for 1, 7 or 14 days, or were exposed for 5 minutes to microwaves from a 1700-watt microwave oven set to 70% power before analysis. Leachate values were at ppb levels but were often below the ICP-AES Limits of Detection which were at also the ppb level, whether calculated for deionized water or 5% citric acid in water. No measureable levels of heavy metal were detected for any sample exposed to water, regardless of treatment. For samples exposed to 5% citrate and stored or microwaved, only chromium and nickel leached at measurable levels, and the number of RPET’s releasing measurable chromium and nickel increased with microwaving compared to the same plastics stored at 22.2 or 7.2°C. Since leaching was calculated as µg/L of heavy metal lost from the entire inner surface (1021 cm2) of a retail salad bag, actual exposure to heavy metal would be much less than measured in this study as retail fruit and vegetable packages and microwaveable pouches usually contain very little liquid in order to increase food safety. The results therefore suggest the potential for little migration of heavy metal from recycled PET to whole or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables when held at ambient or refrigerated temperatures, or when microwaved.
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Mahram, Mona, and Sadegh Shabnam Marboot. "Environmental impact and toxicity of chemicals used at University College of Borås." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19889.

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Olujimi, Olanrewaju Olusoji. "The concentrations, distribution and health risk assessment of suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals (phenols, phthalates and heavy metals) in freshwater systems of Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2009.

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Thesis (DTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.
Environmental pollution with persistent organic chemicals and inorganic trace metals is an increasingly important issue. Recently, a variety of chemicals are introduced in a very large scale on the surface water network. The main pathway of these pollutants into the environment was identified as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The extended use of chemicals in many product formulations and insufficient WWTPs has lead to an increase in the levels of the detected micro-pollutants wastewater effluents. The majority of these compounds are characterized by a rather poor biodegradability. A large spectrum of pollutants present in waste as traces has been reported to exert adverse effects on human and wildlife. Even though compounds are found in wastewater in a very small amount, they may have the undesirable capability of initiating health effect on various high forms of life. This survey constitutes the first study in the City of Cape Town to report data for a variety of priority substances (phenols and phthalate esters) in WWTP effluents and receiving rivers. These results are of critical importance since the data generated are used to generate potential health risk associated with both the organic and inorganic compounds analyzed.
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Marzougui, Zied. "Élaboration de Latex magnétique fonctionnalisée pour le traitement des eaux usées par adsorption." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1311/document.

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L'objectif de cette étude était le développement de particules colloïdales magnétiques possédants un cœur magnétisable et une écorce polymère, capables d'éliminer les métaux lourds, les colorants cationiques et les perturbateurs endocriniens. Ces adsorbants pourraient être séparés magnétiquement permettant ainsi de remplacer les techniques lourdes comme la centrifugation, la sédimentation, et la filtration. Les résultats des analyses, en termes de taille, de morphologie, de composition chimique, de propriétés magnétiques et de potentiel Zeta, confirme bien l'encapsulation de cœur magnétique par une écorce en polymère, et la fonctionnalisation de la surface de ces particules. Nous avons pris comme exemple l'élimination les métaux lourds (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ et HCrO4-), le bleu de méthylène ainsi le Bisphenol A, en solutions aqueuse. La fixation de divers polluants considérés se fait via l'adsorption à la surface des particules. Divers paramètres physico-chimiques influent le phénomène d'adsorption; l'effet de la quantité d'adsorbant magnétique élaboré, l'effet pH initial du milieu, l'effet du temps de contact, ainsi l'effet de la concentration initiale des polluants sont considérés. Cette étude a montré que l'adsorption est rapide et l'équilibre est atteint au bout de 30 min. Le processus d'adsorption est fortement dépendant du pH initial du milieu. La capacité d'adsorption de Latex des particules magnétiques élaborées vis-à-vis des éléments étudiés s'avère très satisfaisante comparé aux différents adsorbants magnétiques étudiés dans la littérature. La cinétique d'adsorption pour tous les systèmes étudiés pourrait être considérée comme pseudo-deuxième ordre et le processus d'adsorption de ces éléments par les particules magnétiques suit le modèle monocouche de Langmuir. Nous nous sommes intéressé à décontaminer les effluents industriels chargés en métaux lourds, issus des bains de traitement de l'Entreprise SOPAL. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de déduire que les particules magnétiques sont efficaces pour la décontamination. Les latex magnétiques pourraient être recommandés comme des adsorbants rapides, efficaces, et réutilisables pour l'élimination et la récupération des métaux lourds des eaux usées
The aim of this study was to prepare magnetic latex particles being magnetic core-polymer shell, able to remove heavy metals, cationic dyes and endocrine disrupting chemicals, by batch adsorption. These adsorbents were magnetically separated allows replacement of the heavy techniques such as centrifugation, sedimentation, and filtration by applying magnetic field.The results analysis in terms of colloidal and surface properties, transmission electron microscopy, hydrodynamic particle size, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta-potential measurements, confirms the encapsulation of the magnetic core and the polymer shell, the surface functionalization of these particles, and the good colloidal stability. Heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and HCrO4-), methylene blue and Bisphenol A were taken as model of contaminants. Various physicochemical parameters influencing the adsorption phenomenon, which we have studied; the effect of adsorbents amount, the initial pH medium, the contact time, and the effect of the initial concentration of the pollutants. This study showed that the adsorption is fast and equilibrium is achieved within 30 min. The adsorption process is highly dependent on the initial pH. Adsorption capacities of the elaborated magnetic latex particles are very satisfactory when compared with different magnetic adsorbents reported in the literature. The adsorption kinetics for all the studied systems could be considered pseudo-second order model and the adsorption process of these elements by magnetic latex particles follows the Langmuir monolayer model. SOPAL wastewater sample load in heavy metals was analyzed by the prepared magnetic adsorbent. The results have enabled us to deduce that magnetic latex particles are effective for decontamination of real waste water. The prepared magnetic latex particles in this research can be recommended as fast, effective, and reusable for removal and recovery of metal ions from wastewater effluents
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Al-Asheh, Sameer. "Sorption of heavy metals by biological materials." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26101.pdf.

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Palchetti, Ilaria. "Screen-printed sensors for heavy metal detection." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268129.

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Bahri, Syaiful. "In situ combustion for upgrading of heavy oil." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248917.

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Adewusi, Victor Adesegun. "Heavy oil recovery by forward in-situ combustion." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370660.

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Rana, Bakht Bahadur. "Some physical and chemical properties of heavy metal oxide glasses." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484284.

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Hart, Abarasi. "Advanced studies of catalytic upgrading of heavy oils." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5297/.

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Heavy oil and bitumen are known to constitute high-boiling molecules which gives them characteristic high viscosity, high density/low API gravity, low yields of fuel distillates, and high heteroatom content compared to light oil. Upgrading therefore refers to the breaking down of heavy oil into oil with similar characteristics as light crude oil. The toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) and its catalytic add-on CAPRI (CAtalytic upgrading PRocess \(In-situ\)) were developed to achieve this objective down-hole. In this study, the CAPRI process was explored with the objective of controlling catalyst deactivation due to coking while increasing the extent of upgrading. The effects of reaction temperature and weight hourly space velocity on the extent of upgrading were studied in the range of 350-425\(^o\)C and 9.1-28 h\(^-\)\(^1\), respectively. In order to control premature deactivation of the catalysts due to coke and metal deposition, the following were investigated activated carbon guard-bed on top of the catalyst bed, hydrogen-addition, steam environment as a source of hydrogen-donor, and nanoparticulate catalyst. It was found that high reaction temperature of 425\(^o\)C and lower WHSV (9.1 h\(^-\)\(^1\)) improved the cracking as well as increase API gravity (~3-7\(^o\)), viscosity reduction of (81.9 %), demetallisation (9.3-12.3 %), desulphurisation (5.3-6.6 %), and higher yield of fuel distillates, respectively compared to upgrading at 350 and 400\(^o\)C. In spite of the improvement in produced oil at 425 \(^o\)C, the carbon-rejection was high (51-56.6 wt.%) compared to (42-47.8 wt.%) and (48-50.3 wt.%) when reaction was carried out at 350 and 400\(^o\)C for 25 hours operations.
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Books on the topic "Heavy chemicals"

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Tsuda, Roy T. Biological and chemical survey of the lower Pago River, estuary, near-shore reef channel, and adjacent inner reef flat, Pago Bay, Guam. Guam, Mangilao: University of Guam Marine Laboratory, 2004.

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Hoffmann, Georg. Schadstoffbelastung von Böden durch Kraftfahrzeugverkehr: Blei, Cadmium, Auftausalze und chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe. Stuttgart: E. Ulmer, 1989.

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Development, Western Australia Dept of State. Chemicals and heavy industries, Kwinana Western Australia: A study of the economic impact of Kwinana chemicals and heavy industries on the Western Australian economy and the development of an industry strategy. Perth, W.A: Dept. of State Development, 1992.

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Cubbage, Jim. Bioaccumulation of contaminants in crabs and clams in Bellingham Bay. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services, Toxics, Compliance, and Ground Water Investigations Section, 1991.

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D, Hogan Jeremiah, and Chorush Russell, eds. Handbook of chemicals and gases for the semiconductor industry. New York: Wiley-VCH, 2002.

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International Symposium on Nitrides (2nd 1998 Limerick, Ireland). Nitrides and oxynitrides: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Nitrides : held in Limerick, Ireland, June 9-11, 1998. Edited by Hampshire Stuart and Pomeroy M. J. Uetikon-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2000.

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Ancheyta, Jorge. Asphaltenes: Chemical transformation during hydroprocessing of heavy oils. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Richman, Lisa A. St. Lawrence River sediment chemical assessment 1997, Cornwall, Ontario. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1999.

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Leonard, J. Advanced practical organic chemistry. 2nd ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, 2001.

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Kim, To-hun. International comparisons of processes and policies for developing heavy and chemical industries. Seoul: Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heavy chemicals"

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Dyer, Cheryl A. "Heavy Metals as Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals." In Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, 111–33. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-59745-107-x_5.

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Zhou, Yuhan, and Wenjuan Ma. "Heavy Metal Exposure and Children’s Health." In Emerging Chemicals and Human Health, 79–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9535-3_6.

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Ochiai, Eiichiro. "Environmental Issues: Heavy Metal Pollutants and Others." In Chemicals for Life and Living, 177–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20273-5_15.

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Mathur, Indresh. "Salt, Chlor-Alkali, and Related Heavy Chemicals." In Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, 408–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6431-4_12.

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O’Brien, Thomas F. "Salt, Chlor-Alkali, and Related Heavy Chemicals." In Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 1267–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52287-6_22.

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Mathur, Indresh. "Salt, Chlor-Alkali, and Related Heavy Chemicals." In Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, 408–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7691-0_12.

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O’Brien, Thomas F. "Salt, Chlor-Alkali, and Related Heavy Chemicals." In Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 1017–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_26.

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Bommaraju, Tilak V. "Salt, Chlor-Alkali, and Related Heavy Chemicals." In Kent and Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 1183–214. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-27843-8_26.

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Tsao, George T., Yizhou Zheng, Jean Lu, and Cheng S. Gong. "Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Immobilized Phytic Acid." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 731–41. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2312-2_65.

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Kent, James A. "SaltSalt, Chlor-alkaliChlor-Alkali, and Related Heavy Chemicals." In Riegel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, 429–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23816-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heavy chemicals"

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Huang, Jingjing, and Tayfun Babadagli. "SAGD Efficiency Improvement Using Chemicals: A Visual Analysis for Proper Chemical Formulation and Optimal Injection Strategies." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199940-ms.

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Wei, You, and Tayfun Babadagli. "Selection of Proper Chemicals to Improve the Performance of Steam Based Thermal Applications in Sands and Carbonates." In SPE Latin America and Caribbean Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/181209-ms.

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Wei, You, and Tayfun Babadagli. "Selection of New Generation Chemicals as Steam Additive for Cost Effective Heavy-Oil Recovery Applications." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/184975-ms.

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Kima, Enow Achuo. "Oil Field Chemicals Synergy Upstream Arab Heavy Crude Handling Facilities." In SPE International Conference & Workshop on Oilfield Corrosion. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/154099-ms.

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Zhang, Yiping, Peng Luo, and Shen-Shong Sam Huang. "Improved Heavy Oil Recovery by CO2 Injection Augmented with Chemicals." In International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131368-ms.

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Dusseault, M., C. Gall, D. Shand, B. Davidson, and K. Hayes. "Rehabilitating Heavy Oil Wells Using Pulsing Workovers to Place Treatment Chemicals." In Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/2001-057.

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Lee, Jungin, and Tayfun Babadagli. "Screening of Chemicals for Low Cost Heavy Oil Recovery through Microemulsion Stability Tests." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186344-ms.

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Tsai, Stan, Samantha H. Tan, Anthony F. Flannery, Christopher W. Storment, and Gregory T. A. Kovacs. "Novel analytical technique for on-line monitoring of trace heavy metals in corrosive chemicals." In CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY. ASCE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.56885.

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Tajallipour, Nima, Mike Cundall, Andy Tong, Terry Delong, and Greg Van Boven. "Investigation of Heavy Sludge Formation in a Chemically Inhibited Sour Gas Pipeline: How Far Do We Have to Go?" In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78123.

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In this paper a summary of the investigation performed to identify the root causes for the heavy sludge formation in a sour gas pipeline downstream of a gas process plant is provided. The investigation included reviews of historical and current gas and heavy hydrocarbon analyses, particle size analysis, field investigations, operational records, records of cleaning pig runs, and analysis of chemicals used in the upstream process plant and in the pipeline. The strategy undertaken by the operator to manage and mitigate the issue of heavy sludge formation based on the investigation results is also discussed. In the first phase of the investigation, the operational conditions which resulted in sludge formation were investigated but the detailed chemical analysis to determine the mechanism of sludge formation will be performed in the next phase of the investigation, and therefore is not included in this paper.
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Stonkutė, Monika. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF YEAST IN HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM POLLUTED WATER." In 24-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2021.23.

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Both surface and groundwater can be contaminated with a variety of chemicals, making it dangerous to use water for domestic usage. Water can be contaminated with heavy metals (HM), petroleum products, detergents, radioactive isotopes, mineral or organic fertilizers. Copper, cadmium and lead are some of the most commonly emitted heavy metals from various industries. Adsorption is considered to be one of the alternative methods of treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. The use of adsorbents of biological origin for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a promising method due to the low costs, rapid biodegradation and easy availability of adsorbents.
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Reports on the topic "Heavy chemicals"

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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Ashley Mossell, Holly VerMeulen, Samuel Beal, and Jay Clausen. The effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a quantitative tool for environmental characterization. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40263.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid, low-cost analytical method with potential applications for quantitative analysis of soils for heavy metal contaminants found in military ranges. The Department of Defense (DoD), Army, and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have mission requirements to acquire the ability to detect and identify chemicals of concern in the field. The quantitative potential of a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hand-held LIBS device and a classic laboratory bench-top LIBS system was examined by measuring heavy metals (antimony, tungsten, iron, lead, and zinc) in soils from six military ranges. To ensure the accuracy of the quantified results, we also examined the soil samples using other hand-held and bench-top analytical methods, to include Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The effects of soil heterogeneity on quantitative analysis were reviewed with hand-held and bench-top systems and compared multivariate and univariate calibration algorithms for heavy metal quantification. In addition, the influence of cold temperatures on signal intensity and resulting concentration were examined to further assess the viability of this technology in cold environments. Overall, the results indicate that additional work should be performed to enhance the ability of LIBS as a reliable quantitative analytical tool.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Олександр Подоляк, Ірина Олександрівна Комарова, and Олексій Карпенко. Modern Environmental Technologies of Healthy Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals and Radionuclides. E3S Web of Conferences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3784.

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Object of research: to systematize (taking into account the possible consequences to biosphere) the known technologies for ecological restoration of soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides. Only a healing technology should be recognized as one possible methodology for solving any soil problems. For soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides healing patterns is conceptually ordered into the following levels: mission, strategy, technology. The mission of healthy soil should be aimed at maintaining the chemical elements content within the optimum interval. The strategy of healthy soil involves the regulation of individual elements content in the soil. Ex-situ a soil healing technology is implemented outside the original pollution site. In-situ, a soil healing technology is carried out directly on the original pollution site. Excavation of the сontaminated soil layer is the first stage for ex-situ soil restoration. In the future it will be possible: 1) storage of contaminated soil at special landfills, 2) treatment of contaminated soil at a special reactor. All technologies for in-situ healthy of heavy metals contaminated soils can be ordered as: 1) localization, 2) deconcentration, 3) inactivation, 4) extraction.
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Olsson, Olle. Industrial decarbonization done right: identifying success factors for well-functioning permitting processes. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.034.

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1 Introduction 1.1 The urgency of industrial decarbonization The last few years have seen several of the world’s largest carbon dioxide-emitting countries and leading heavy industry companies committing to mid-century net-zero targets (Buckley 2021; Denyer and Kashiwagi 2020; McCurry 2020; Myers 2020). Consequently, the discussion on economy-wide transition to net-zero is accelerating, with focus shifting from “if” to “when” and “how”, even for heavy industry sectors like steel, cement and chemicals. This makes it increasingly urgent to analyse not just whether it is technologically feasible to decarbonize heavy industry, but also investigate issues more directly related to practical implementation. This includes site-specific planning, infrastructure availability, and consultation with local authorities and other stakeholders. Many of the latter considerations are formalized as part of the permitting processes that are an essential vehicle to ensure that industrial interests are balanced against interests of society at large. However, doing this balancing act can turn out to be very complicated and associated with uncertainties as to their outcome, as well as being demanding in resources and time. At the same time, to ensure broad buy-in and support from society, the investments needed must be implemented in a way that takes a broad spectrum of sustainability concerns into account, not just climate change mitigation. A key question is if and how permitting processes can run more smoothly and efficiently while still ensuring inclusive consultations, fair procedures and adherence to legal certainty. This policy brief discusses this question from the starting point of Swedish conditions, but many of the points raised will be relevant for a broader international discussion on taking industrial decarbonization to implementation. 1.2 Industrial transition and permitting processes in Sweden Decarbonization of the industrial sector in Sweden essentially entails a relatively small number of investment projects in the cement, steel, petrochemical and refinery sectors, where the vast majority of carbon emissions are concentrated (Karltorp et al. 2019; Nykvist et al. 2020). However, while few in number, the size of these investments means that their implementation will by necessity become relevant to many other parts of society. In connection with the increasing focus on how to implement industrial decarbonization in Sweden, discussions about permitting processes have been brought higher up on the agenda. While there has been an active discussion on permitting processes in Sweden for quite some time, it has primarily been focused on aspects related to mining and wind power (Larsen et al. 2017; Raitio et al. 2020). The last few years have, however, focused increasingly on industrial projects, in particular related to a proposed – though eventually cancelled – expansion of an oil refinery in the southwestern part of the country (Blad 2020). In terms of political discussions, both the governmental initiative Fossil-free Sweden (2020) and the Swedish Climate Policy Council (2020) emphasize that permitting processes need to become faster in order for Sweden’s industrial transition to be implemented in line with the time plan set by the 2017 Swedish Climate Act. Business representatives and organizations are also voicing concerns about the slow speed of permitting (Balanskommissionen 2019; Jacke 2018). At the same time, criticism has been raised that much of the environmental damage done in Sweden comes from activities conducted within limits set by environmental permits, which could be a flaw in the system (Malmaeus and Lindblom 2019). Finally, recent public inquiries have also discussed permitting processes.
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Gagliardi, Laura. Quantum Chemical Treatment of Strongly Correlated Magnetic Systems Based on Heavy Elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868929.

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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5112485.

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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5798098.

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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5857895.

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Yortsos, Yanis C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750288.

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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.

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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury & lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).
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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of reservoir chemical and physical factors in steamfloods to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6757647.

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