Journal articles: 'Heavy Constructions'

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Bíró, István, József Solticzky, and Ferenc Varnyú. "Complex structural analysis of cornered shape water chambers of heavy-duty boiler." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 7, no. 1-2 (January 24, 2013): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2013.1-2.10-15.

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The Technical Institute of Faculty of Engineering of Szeged University received task to make a stress and construction analysis of a heavy-duty boilers fed by straw bales. Its documentation for manufacturing was purchased as a license from abroad. Main features of the construction and load of boilers are the followings: - Its material: welding constructional steel;- Large sized constructions;- Cornered shape combustion and water chamber put into each other;- The combustion and water chamber are covered by plate steel;- Their stiffness are given by weld beams outside;- Test pressure: 1 bar. Solid Edge finite element method was used by authors to solve the problem. Regarding to the complexity of the construction the walls of the water chamber were analyzed separately. Results obtained by using the program were checked by different model investigations.

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Hsieh, Hung Ren, Wun Yuan Chen, and Hsin Yu. "An Empirical Study on Time Lag Phenomenon Regarding Summertime Indoor Thermal Environments in the Domestic Buildings of Different Construction Types in Hot-Humid Climate Zone." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.504.

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In the empirical case studies of the seven detached house buildings situated in Yilan, Taiwan in a hot and humid climate, this research conducted the actual measurements and analysis of the Summertime Indoor and Outdoor thermal environment parameters in order to accomplish the research of Time Lag Phenomenon of Summertime Indoor Temperature and Humidity in the Buildings of Light (Composite) Constructions and Heavy (Reinforced Concrete) Constructions. Firstly, it indicated that given the condition of doors and windows in closed positions, there would be Time Lag Phenomenon for both of the indoor Temperature and Humidity measurements in domestic buildings. The Temperature Time Lag for Heavy Construction Buildings had a duration of around three hours, almost as twice that of the figure for Light Construction Buildings. There was a significant correlation between Quantity of Interior Finishes and Humidity Time Lag inside domestic buildings, whereas the bigger the Quantity of Interior Finishes, the longer the Humidity Time Lag. Secondly, it also showed that given the condition of doors and windows in opened positions, there was almost zero Time Lag for both of the domestic indoor Temperature and Humidity measurements. Last but not least, generally speaking, the Ratio of Indoor/Outdoor Diurnal Temperature Range of Light Construction Buildings were higher than that of Heavy Construction Buildings. In particular, given the condition of doors and windows in opened positions with natural ventilation in summertime, it was slightly cooler inside the Light Construction Domestic Buildings than the Heavy Construction Domestic Buildings.

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ZENG, Jianhong, Christoph ANDERL, and Ann HEIRMAN. "The formation of the kě 可 and kě yǐ 可以 constructions." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 47, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 224–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04702004.

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AbstractThis paper aims to explain the formation of the kě and kě yǐ constructions in archaic Chinese. We analyze a number of examples from the pre-Qin era to refute previous hypotheses that the kě construction is formed by adding kě to a notional passive, fronting the object in an active sentence including kě, or solely by reanalysis. Subsequently, a verb-moving-backward hypothesis is proposed: kě is used in the underlying structure ‘V-O’ + kě to comment on an already known proposition ‘V-O’, then V is moved to the end to avoid the top-heavy problem. Similarly, this hypothesis also accounts for the kě yǐ construction: kě in the underlying structure ‘yǐ-X-V-Y’ + kě is to comment on the serial verb structure ‘yǐ-X-V-Y’, which is interchangeable with ‘X-yǐ-V-Y’ forming ‘X-yǐ-V-Y’ + kě where ‘yǐ-V-Y’ is moved after kě to avoid the top-heavy problem. Moreover, the “verb moving backward” hypothesis provides new insights into the formation process of similar constructions (e.g., nán 难 ‘be difficult to V,’ yì 易 ‘be easy to V,’ zú 足 ‘be sufficient to V’ constructions) in ancient Chinese, as well as the study of tough constructions.

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Kováč, Miloslav. "Comparison of Vertical Light Wooden Constructions Insulated by Straw Bales." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2015-0027.

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Abstract The main task of configuring engineer by designing enclosure construction is to setup performances of the wall to the best options for existing conditions of the structure. Selecting and adjusting bearing elements of perimeter wall is the first step, however appropriateness and position of chosen materials has major influence on technical properties and architectural expression of structure. Besides light vertical constructions (LVC) there are light wooden constructions from glued elements (LPVC), heavy vertical constructions (HVC) and prefabricated vertical constructions (PVC). All types have specifications allowing alternatives in terms of layer structure and bearing elements position. Each type is considered in terms of: structure – 2D drawing and 3D model, thermal insulation, overall heat transfer coefficient, architectural examination.

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Frick, Achim, Marcel Spadaro, and Michael Borm. "Smart Material Composites Substitute Monolithic Structures." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.353.

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The present paper approaches possible advantages of hybrid constructions compared to monolithic design. Hybrid constructions represent multi-material composites where each of the materials employed are optimally utilized. Therefore, materials consumption decreases which leads to material, energy and cost efficiency and finally contributes to sustainability.The investigations targets on a possible substitution of a heavy iron casted pump housing by a metal-polymer hybrid light weight construction and on the achievable total mass reduction. Multi-material composites are prerequisite for lightweight design and promise a huge mass reduction potential.

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Takara, Nobutaka. "The weight of head nouns in noun-modifying constructions in conversational Japanese." Studies in Language 36, no. 1 (May 14, 2012): 33–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.36.1.02tak.

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This paper investigates the weight of head nouns in noun-modifying constructions (NMCs) in conversational Japanese. In my data about 70% of head nouns are ‘light’, 20% of the nouns are ‘heavy’, and the remaining is in a ‘gray zone.’ As a close observation of NMCs reveals the issues of two-way light-heavy classification for heads, I establish six parameters according to which I can model the head nouns on a scale from ‘heaviest’ to ‘lightest.’ I argue that in NMCs ‘lighter’ heads are employed instead of ‘heavier’ ones. I also argue that usage of ‘heavy’ heads is further motivated by the factors: (a) pragmatic or referential concerns, and (b) fixed expressions.

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Kuzmin, S. A., A. A. Argunova, D. A. Krasilnikov, and Z. V. Emelianova. "Research of Durability and Structure of the Heavy Concrete Modified by Polymeric Impregnation in the Frigid Climate." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.250.

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Today concrete is the main material for construction of buildings and constructions and increase in its operational characteristics is a priority problem of modern scientific research acts. This work represents experience of modification of heavy M200 concrete on the basis of local raw materials of Yakutia, with use of polymeric impregnation of "Silor-Ultra" as a result of which data on increase in strength characteristics of material were obtained, the internal structure of the modified concrete was investigated.

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Gericke, Andreas, Karl Drebenstedt, Ulrike Kuhlmann, and Knuth‐Michael Henkel. "Improvement of fatigue strength in heavy steel constructions through arc brazing." ce/papers 4, no. 2-4 (September 2021): 1118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1403.

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Nolan, Brian. "Complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 140–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.1.06nol.

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This paper characterises complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish. Light verbs are attested in many of the world’s languages (Alsina, Bresnan & Sells, 2001; Butt, 1995, 2003). Cross linguistically, there appears to be a common class of verbs involved in these constructions and generally there is agreement that light verbs contribute to the formation of complex predicates. Light verbs seem have a non-light or ‘heavy’ verb counterpart. In this paper we discuss the light verb constructions (LVC) as found in modern Irish and how they form complex predicates. We claim that the light verb (LV) encodes the event process initiation (or cause) and the matrix verb indicates the bounded component or result. In light verb constructions, the matrix verb appears in Modern Irish syntax as a verbal-noun form. The function of light verbs in these constructions is to modulate the event and sub-event semantics. We distinguish between auxiliary verbs constructions (AVC) and those constructions involving complex predicated and light verbs (Aikhenvald & Dixon, 2006; Anderson, 2006). We provide evidence based on an analysis of Irish data that shows how aspect and argument structure considerations are resolved for the complex predicate within the light verb construction via the linking system between semantics and syntax. We motivate a functional account, based on Role and Reference Grammar (Nolan, 2012; Nolan & Diedrichsen, 2013; Van Valin, 2005; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997), that appeals to the analysis of complex predicates within a consideration of the layered structure of the clause.

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Będkowska-Kopczyk, Agnieszka. "Verbs of emotion with se in Slovene: between middle and reflexive semantics. A cognitive analysis." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 14 (September 4, 2014): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2014.017.

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Verbs of emotion with se in Slovene: between middle and reflexive semantics. A cognitive analysisThis article presents a cognitive analysis of Slovene emotion verbs with the personal pronoun se ‘self’, e.g., bati se ‘to be scared’. Slavic verbs of this type are traditionally considered reflexive. The objectives of the article are twofold. First, the article aims to demonstrate that se in Slovene verbs of emotion indicates not the reflexive, but the middle voice construction. However, given specific pragmatic factors, these verbs also form reflexive constructions with the heavy form sebe ‘self’, or even both middle and reflexive constructions with se and sebe, respectively. Second, this article challenges Anna Wierzbicka’s assumption that the Slavic verbs with the light form of the personal pronoun or the -sja affix (Russian) express (almost) volitional, i.e. self-induced emotion. In line with cognitive Suzanne Kemmer, it is claimed that the constructions with the verbs under discussion indicate a low degree of volitionality in the process of emotional change i.e. they lexicalize an event that occurs independently of the Experiencer participant’s will.

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Minaev, Oleg. "Scientific evidence of the solution to the problem of compacting man-made sandy sub-structures in winter conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926504001.

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In the recent time the issue of erecting soil sub-structures and constructions at negative temperatures in winter conditions and the areas of permafrost has been really important, so such research studies are very topical. The paper provides for the results of experimental compacting of medium sands of a sub-structure in winter conditions (at the ambient temperature of – 200 … 250 C) in the construction of a complex of protective structures (CPS) preventing floods in St. Petersburg. Heavy and medium-heavy vibratory compactors were used in the experimental sections. Before compaction, sandy soils of the sub-structure with the layer thickness equal to 0.4…0.5 m were placed. For comparison purposes, the paper contains the results of layer-by-layer compaction of such sands in the summer season with application of vibratory compactors and deep-water vibratory plant in the subs-structure of the freeway along the ridge of the protective dam from the side of the Gulf of Finland in the construction of the CPS.

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Peng, Han, Wu Geng, Wu Yong-quan, Li Mao-teng, Xiang Jun, and Yu Long-jiang. "Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 2459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.496.

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In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 + and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 + was more toxic than Cd2 + at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

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Calude, Andreea S. "Light and heavy reflexive marking." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 5 (November 29, 2007): 239–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.10cal.

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In Romanian, the middle marker se is employed to encode five distinct situation types: reflexive, reciprocal, (medio-)passive, inchoative and impersonal. This work identifies the relationships among the different uses of the marker and puts forward explanations for them within a cognitive, functional framework. Following studies such as those by Faltz (1985), Haiman (1983), Haspelmath (2005), Kemmer (1993ab), Lakoff (1977), Manoliu-Manea (1994, 2000), Maldonado (1992, 1999), Manney (2000), and Yoshimura and Taylor (2004), the current paper gives a synchronic account of the Romanian Middle Domain, its organization and the relationships between the various middle constructions found inside it. Findings suggest that the semantic property of low elaboration of events (introduced by Kemmer, 1993ab) constitutes the common denominator among the different uses explored. This work provides an insight into Romanian itself, as well as a contribution to cognitive theories of human language and responds to the call for more data and further investigations of middles cross-linguistically (see Smith, 2004).

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Peterson, William P., and Lawrence M. Wein. "Heavy traffic analysis of a transportation network model." Journal of Applied Probability 33, no. 3 (September 1996): 870–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3215365.

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We study a model of a stochastic transportation system introduced by Crane. By adapting constructions of multidimensional reflected Brownian motion (RBM) that have since been developed for feedforward queueing networks, we generalize Crane's original functional central limit theorem results to a full vector setting, giving an explicit development for the case in which all terminals in the model experience heavy traffic conditions. We investigate product form conditions for the stationary distribution of our resulting RBM limit, and contrast our results for transportation networks with those for traditional queueing network models.

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Peterson, William P., and Lawrence M. Wein. "Heavy traffic analysis of a transportation network model." Journal of Applied Probability 33, no. 03 (September 1996): 870–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200100270.

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We study a model of a stochastic transportation system introduced by Crane. By adapting constructions of multidimensional reflected Brownian motion (RBM) that have since been developed for feedforward queueing networks, we generalize Crane's original functional central limit theorem results to a full vector setting, giving an explicit development for the case in which all terminals in the model experience heavy traffic conditions. We investigate product form conditions for the stationary distribution of our resulting RBM limit, and contrast our results for transportation networks with those for traditional queueing network models.

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Wardhana, Wisnu, Yoyok Setyo Hadiwidodo, and Faisal Siswanto. "Strength Analysis and Sea-Fastening Design of Container Crane Structure for Heavy Lifting Sea Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 874 (January 2018): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.874.147.

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This paper discusses heavy-lifting sea-transportation of 831-ton container-crane in Indonesia from Surabaya to Kupang. Structural strength analysis is carried out to ensure the safety of the crane during the transportation process. The purpose of this analysis is to design the sea-fastening construction capable of redistributing the excessive stress that might occurred, to avoid structural failure. The first step is to model the crane structure and barge under certain various drafts. This is important because selection of the proper draft will determine the suitable righting moments of barge and hence to ensure good stability. The selected drafts under investigation are taken between 0.25 T to 0.75 T. The result of the structural strength calculation shows that the static load is found around 8150 kN. Loads due to motion of barge for heave, roll, and pitch motions are 116 kN, 7424 kN, and 232kN, respectively. Location of the high stress due to the motion is identified at the bottom of the crane structure so that the design of sea-fastening constructions will be concentrated in the vicinity of this position. The values of Unity Check after fitting the sea-fastening construction are reduced to 0.940, 0.704, and 0.702, respectively. It is concluded that the structure of container crane under such sea-fastening design is proven to be capable of overcoming the loads during transportation process.

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Deckers, K., P. Guillaume, C. Vuye, and D. Lefeber. "Implementation of the Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer Combined with a Light-Weight Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuator for the Modal Analysis of a Civil Structure." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 3 (2012): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/678094.

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The identification of the modal parameters of bridges and other large civil constructions has become an important research issue. Different approaches have been proposed depending on the excitation used: ambient excitations (due to wind, traffic, …) or artificial excitations (e.g. impact test with heavy drop weights). In practice it turns out that not all modes are well excited by the ambient forces. Hence the application of an artificial actuator is advisable. The problem is that larger constructions often require large and heavy excitation devices, which are hard to manipulate. Another difficulty encountered in performing a modal analysis on large civil constructions is the necessity for a large number of high sensitivity sensors. Consequently a large number of cables has to be installed resulting in a large setup time.This paper is a proof-of-concept which demonstrates the possibility of using lightweight Pneumatic Artificial Muscles combined with the scanning laser Doppler vibrometer to perform a modal analysis on a civil structure. This combination allows for an important reduction in setup time and allows for sine testing as well as the application of broadband signals such as periodic chirps, true noise or multisines.

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Borgkvist, Ashlee, Jaklin Eliott, Shona Crabb, and Vivienne Moore. "“Unfortunately I’m a Massively Heavy Sleeper”: An Analysis of Fathers’ Constructions of Parenting." Men and Masculinities 23, no. 3-4 (November 5, 2018): 680–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18809206.

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Expectations for fathers have changed over the past few decades—research has shown that many men express more egalitarian views toward fatherhood and being more involved in parenting, particularly in the caretaking and emotional aspects of parenting. However, despite intentions expressed before parenthood, parenting will often play out along more traditional, gendered lines. In this research, we demonstrate how discourses used by fathers might work to maintain gendered divisions in relation to parenting and work. Data were collected through semistructured interviews that covered men’s experiences of work and parenting. Discourse analysis was employed to analyze the data. We identified that while participants expressed a desire to be involved fathers, often this did not transpire. Participants’ inability to, or decisions not to be, actively involved was accounted for in various ways, and suggested a tension between what fathers recognize they should be doing, and what they are doing, as parents.

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Krivogina, D. N. "Design of production of the range of construction materials on the basis of methods of the system analysis." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-130-137.

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The analysis of the modern approach to the choice of technological processes of production of heavy concrete products and its weaknesses were shown. It is proved that the technological process as an object is a weekly structured system due to the large degree of uncertainty associated with the human factor. It is established that development of new assortment approach to the choice of technological process of the production of construction materials differing in alleged accounting of functional purpose and service conditions of building constructions in a real estate object can be one version of the solution of this problem. The concept of the choice of optimum technological processes of production of construction materials distinctive in alleged accounting of functional purpose and service conditions of building constructions of real estate objects is developed. The technologies of mathematical statement and the solution of problems of optimization of technological processes of production of the range of construction materials differing in increase in degree of structure of system liaisons with external subsystems on the basis of standard mechanisms of the subject focused accounting of functional purpose and service conditions of building constructions and also standard algorithms of search of optimal solutions for defined the range are developed. Assessment of efficiency of assortment approach to a problem of optimization of technological processes of production of the range of construction materials including comparison of the characteristics of material received as a result of use of modern approach, assortment approach in the set parameters of management and assortment approach with expansion of a set of essential alternatives of technological process of production of the range of construction materials is executed. This assessment has shown that more perspective alternatives on qualitative content of characteristics of material are outside area of normative requirements and need justification.

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Jamnický, Martin. "BIM and Prediction of Thermal Stability in Underroof Spaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.127.

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Current increasing of costs for the acquisition of buildings causes effort to efficiently use all the space in these construction projects. The aim is therefore to make maximum use of under-roof space, both in new buildings and in buildings already standing. Because of the trend of construction with light wooden structures wrapped in thermal isolation, it is not easy to avoid summer overheating in under-roof spaces. For this reason, we’ve focused on optimizing building structures in terms of overheating in summer, so that additional costs for air conditioning were negligible or, ideally, non-existent. It is well known from our previous experience that there is smaller rise and fluctuation of indoor air temperature in rooms with heavy mass constructions (e.g. reinforced concrete, bricks, etc.) compared to rooms with light structures.

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Szilágyi, V., K. Gméling, S. Józsa, I. Harsányi, and L. Szentmiklósi. "Oligomictic alluvial aggregates: petro-mineralogical and geochemical evaluation of sandy gravel formations on the middle course of the Danube (Hungary)." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 8 (June 1, 2021): 5957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02271-w.

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AbstractThis paper evaluates the applicability of Hungarian oligomictic alluvial gravel formations at two sections of the Danube river for construction use. The classification of these aggregates is more challenging than monomictic rock aggregates due to their heterogeneous nature. Multi-source clastic sediments cannot be characterized by single values of physical properties but only a distribution, and they are generally less predictable than monomictic materials. The possible applications in concrete manufacturing were evaluated by complex macro-microscopic petrographic, heavy mineral and nuclear analytical geochemical investigations. The two regions falling on the middle course of the Danube have similar sandy gravel formations, applicable as aggregates for conventional and unconventional concrete building purposes or road construction. Their utilization in open-air constructions might be problematic due to their probable alkali-silica reactivity.

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Wang, Ya Li, Su Ping Cui, and Xi Kui Xu. "The Mechanism Researches of Cementitious Materials Adsorb Heavy Metal Particle and Ions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1017.

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As the sign of social development, the vehicles and traffic flux have been increasing and have greatly influenced the ecological environment at the same time, especially on the cementitious based materials along roads as well as constructions. Heavy metal particle and ion absorption behavior and mechanism in these cement materials were investigated and analyzed by means of ICP, SEM-EDS and XRD. The absorption mechanism was discussed and generalized.

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Samartseva, T. G., A. S. Oksanich, N. F. Gavrilova, I. V. Yakovleva, V. V. Sviridov, and V. V. Zverev. "USING OF UNIVERSAL PLASMID CONSTRUCTIONS FOR DESIGN OF RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES WITH DEFINED SPECIFICITY IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology 1, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-3-32-39.

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Aim. In this study we aimed to develop the methodology to change the antigen specificity of chimeric antibodies by replacing the variable region genes in the previously designed universal plasmid constructions pLK DT-17 and pHG DT-17 encoding the DT-17 antibody against the diphtheria toxin (DT) to the genes of antibody binding to another DT epitope — DT-22.Materials and methods. The genes of the light and heavy chain variable regions of mouse anti-DT antibodies — DT-22 were amplified from the hybridoma producing monoclonal antibodies to DT by reverse transcription and PCR methods. Genetic engineering methods were used to replace the variable regions of DT-17 antibody in the recombinant plasmids pLK DT-17 and pHG DT-17 encoding the light and heavy chains of DT-17 antibody, respectively to the relevant genes of DT-22. Subsequently, a «supervector» pSV DT-22, containing the genes of both chains of the chimeric antibody, was designed. CHO cells were transfected with a «supervector» and a highly productive clone, secreting chimeric antibodies to DT was obtained. Immunochemical and cultural methods were used to evaluate antibody activity. The affinity chromatography was used to purified preparative amounts of antibodies.Results. The yield of purified secreted chimeric DT-22 antibodies was 4 mg from per liter of culture medium. The minimum concentration of chimeric antibodies at which DT was neutralized in the CHO cells was 22 μg/mL of medium.Conclusion. Thus it has been shown how to generate new vector coding synthesis of light and heavy chains of a chimeric DT-22 antibody specific to another DT epitope using previously constructed universal recombinant plasmids pLK DT-17 and pHG DT-17 encoding, light and heavy chains of antibodies against DT DT-17, respectively.

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Gopi, Sivakanth, Venkatesan Guruswami, and Sergey Yekhanin. "Maximally Recoverable LRCs: A Field Size Lower Bound and Constructions for Few Heavy Parities." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, no. 10 (October 2020): 6066–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2020.2990981.

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Gurunathan, T. "Challenging Experiences in the Usage of Stainless Steels in a Heavy Fabrication Industry." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.316.

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Stainless steels are regularly used as one of the preferred material of construction in the pressure vessels and heat exchangers manufactured by welding for process plants and energy sector at BHEL, Tiruchirappalli. They are considered mainly because of their corrosion resistance and high temperature suitability. But the practising welding engineers have to face innumerable challenges with stainless steel with regard to defects minimization, distortion control and dimensional stability on large and complex assemblies. Use of Nickel based filler wires or development of welding procedures simulating the true configuration of the product and by conducting specific tests and NDE are followed for weld defects control. Sequence welding, development of special fixtures, etc have come as handy options for welding distortion control of SS. Innovative inspection techniques for the certification of dimensions including geometrical tolerances especially on large constructions using SS welding and evolution of special Helium leak testing procedures for certain in-process checks in critical products are inevitable in the SS fabrication industry as a part of Quality Assurance programme. As a pioneer in SS fabrication, some of our challenging experiences pertaining to these three areas are discussed in this paper.

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Guimier, Claude. "L’adverbe tout en construction comparative." Les structures comparatives du français: Des bases de données aux corpus 31, no. 1 (June 6, 2008): 62–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.31.1.04gui.

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Tout has many different adverbial uses. This paper deals with one of them, which is hardly ever taken into account, or even mentioned, in grammar books: tout can be used as a premodifier of the subordinator comme in comparative constructions. Comme is the only qu-word that can be premodified by tout. However, there are heavy constraints on the premodification of comme by tout and the presence of tout, very often, prevents the actualization of meanings (time or cause for instance) which would be possible otherwise. The paper aims to show that, in comparative constructions, it is sometimes compulsory, sometimes optional or sometimes impossible to insert tout. These variations are a consequence of the basic meaning of tout, which is defined, after Franckel 1989, as a sign marking the absence of any form of otherness. The article ends with a few remarks on tout comme (with no constituent after comme).

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Wang, Ya Li, Su Ping Cui, Xi Kui Xu, and Hai Bo Xu. "Research of Heavy Metal Particle and Ions Absorption Mechanism of Ordinary Portland Cement Materials." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.177.

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As the sign of social development, the vehicles and traffic flux have been increasing and have greatly influenced the ecological environment at the same time, especially on the cementitious based materials along roads as well as constructions. Heavy metal particle and ion absorption behavior and mechanism in cement materials were investigated and analyzed by means of ICP, SEM-EDS and XRD. The absorption mechanism was discussed and generalized.

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Deja, Mariusz, Mieczysław Siemiątkowski, and P. Sender. "Comparative Study of Machining Technology Selection to Manufacture Large-Size Components of Offshore Constructions." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0019.

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Abstract The focus of this paper is on process planning for large parts manufacture in systems of definite process capabilities, involving the use of multi-axis machining centres. The analysis of machining heavy mechanical components used in off-shore constructions has been carried out. Setup concepts applied and operation sequences determined in related process plans underwent studies. The paper presents in particular a reasoning approach to setup sequencing and machine assignment in manufacturing large-size components of offshore constructions. The relevant reasoning mechanism within a decision making scheme on generated process plan is shown based on a case study derived from the offshore sector. Recommendations for manufacture of selected exemplary and typical parts were formulated.

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Szabadi, L., G. Kalácska, L. Pék, and I. Pálinkás. "Abrasive wear of different hot-dip galvanized multilayers." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2011): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v2i1.20439.

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More and more steel constructions are provided with zinc coatings as durable protection against corrosion.Hot-dip galvanizing process is widely used in Europe considering its favourable characteristics. Latelybeside the corrosion resistance demand of hot-dip galvanized coatings as a new requirement is theabrasive wear resistance. The industrial floor boards, agricultural walking grids get heavy abrasion effect.The abrasive wear resistance of zinc coatings with multilayer structure is not tested yet, less knowndomain.

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Chou, Chia-pei J. "Effect of Overloaded Heavy Vehicles on Pavement and Bridge Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1539, no. 1 (January 1996): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153900108.

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A large number of infrastructure projects have been undertaken in Taiwan in recent years because it is a developing country. These large-scale constructions have caused rapid growth in the number of heavy vehicles in service, as well as a dramatic increase in the size and weight of heavy vehicles. A very serious truck overloading problem has resulted, which significantly affects pavement performance and bridge safety. In the described study, weigh-in-motion (WIM) equipment was introduced to Taiwan's freeway systems. After data collection and analysis it was found that the average truck load factor for combined heavy vehicles computed from the WIM data collection was 2.7 times higher than the original design value, which already took into account 30 percent truck overloading. It was also found that computed axle load ratios for various types of heavy vehicles were dramatically different from the ratios given in the bridge design standard specification. Bridge deck designs for a simply supported bridge were studied. It was concluded that the current bridge design standard specification will result in a 28 percent underestimation of steel volume in bridge deck design.

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Stopka, Ondrej, Daniel Kučerka, Rudolf Kampf, Ján Ližbetin, Ladislav Bartuška, Ján Kmec, Miroslav Gombár, and Viktorie Weiss. "Heavy Machinery Required for the Proper Application of Geosynthetic Products in the Implementation of Transport Constructions." Procedia Engineering 161 (2016): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.588.

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Seng, Ng Weng, Norlena Hasnan, and Shahimi Mohtar. "ORGANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS: CAN THEY INFLUENCE THE CONSTRUCTION INNOVATION?" Journal of Technology and Operations Management 15, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2020.15.1.6.

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Heavy constructions are increasingly becoming more complicated, demanding increased innovative methods, and greater technological advancement. The complexity of the industry, generally has been described as multi-faceted and highly fragmented with significant problems such as communication breakdown, conflicts, and disputes. The lack of organization characteristics can apparently limit the effort of the construction industries to adopt the technology and innovation. Hence, this paper aims to investigate to the influence of organization characteristics namely construction type, presence of trade unions, and professional and trade association affiliation towards the construction innovation. In order to achieve the research objectives, mail surveys have been conducted among the construction companies in Malaysia. A total of 703 questionnaire surveys were mailed to randomly selected construction companies that operating in Malaysia and registered as G7 contractor with CIDB. The number of returned usable surveys totaled 383, yielding an effective response rate of 54.4%. All the organizational characteristics proposed have been found to be positively correlated with construction innovation. Apart from suggesting the direction of future construction industry study, this paper is valuable in providing insights for the contractors in implementing innovative construction technologies that can be used to devise strategic marketing plans and ultimately for enjoyment of competitive advantages.

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Kambartel, Friedrich. "Meaning, justification, and truth." Pragmatics of Making it Explicit 13, no. 1 (August 8, 2005): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.13.1.09kam.

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In order to compare two forms of radical pragmatism, inferentialism (as developed by Robert Brandom) and constructivism (as developed by Paul Lorenzen), the paper shows how we can represent states of affairs in the world by corresponding symbols in a metaphysically harmless, though seemingly non-inferential way, why not all justifications are inferential transitions, for example those that make heavy use of constructions, and why a prosentential analysis of truth is helpful but not sufficient.

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Verbeke, Stijn, Amaryllis Audenaert, and Ivan Verhaert. "Interlinking the effect of thermal mass and temperature control strategies in dwellings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104065.

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Exposed heavyweight constructions with a high specific heat capacity can dampen and delay transient heat flows in buildings. This paper explores the dynamic effects of various construction assemblies and explores the effect of different temperature control strategies in relation to the thermal mass. The thermal inertia of a building not only affects the pace of heating up a thermal zone, but also the temperature set-back that can be attained with an intermittent heating regime, and thus the setpoints of control regimes. Based on a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the impact of the thermal mass on the heating demand of dwellings is rather limited in a temperate climate. Lightweight timber frame construction can display an annual heating energy demand of up to 6.6% higher compared to a heavy mass concrete and limestone construction in case of fixed thermostat setpoints. If a different control strategy with a highly intermittent thermostat schedule is implemented, the energy use of the lightweight construction can conversely have a lower heating energy expenditure, with a reduction of up to -4.5%. Modelling assumptions on the HVAC system capacity, the timing of the start-up moment of intermittent heating and the type of thermostat control – either based on air temperature or operative temperature – can have a significant influence on the simulation outcomes. Depending on the modelling assumptions and temperature control strategies implemented, the detailed dynamic simulations display that heavy mass buildings will not necessarily yield a lower heating demand as would be predicted by simplified monthly quasi-steady state calculations. In general, it is advocated that a better understanding of control strategies and resulting comfort sensations is required in building design and performance simulation.

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Seng, Ng Weng, Norlena Hasnan, and Shahimi Mohtar. "ORGANIZATIONCHARACTERISTICS:CAN THEY INFLUENCE THE CONSTRUCTION INNOVATION?" Journal of Technology and Operations Management 15, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2020.15.1.5.

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Abstract:

Heavy constructions are increasingly becoming more complicated, demanding increased innovative methods, and greater technological advancement. The complexity of the industry, generally has been described as multi-faceted and highly fragmented with significant problems such as communication breakdown, conflicts, and disputes. The lack of organization characteristics can apparently limit the effort of the construction industries to adopt the technology and innovation. Hence, this paper aims to investigate to the influence of organization characteristics namely construction type, presence of trade unions, and professional and trade association affiliation towards theconstruction innovation. In order to achieve the research objectives, mail surveys have been conducted among the construction companies in Malaysia. A total of 703 questionnaire surveys were mailed to randomly selected construction companies that operating in Malaysia and registered as G7 contractor with CIDB. The number of returned usable surveys totaled 383, yielding an effective response rate of 54.4%. All the organizational characteristics proposed have been found to be positively correlated with construction innovation. Apart from suggesting the direction of future construction industry study, this paper is valuable in providing insights for thecontractors in implementing innovative construction technologies that can be used to devise strategic marketing plans and ultimately for enjoyment of competitive advantages.

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36

Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, Anna Baryła, Joanna Fronczyk, Agnieszka Bus, and Józef Mosiej. "Phosphorus and Metals Leaching from Green Roof Substrates and Aggregates Used in Their Composition." Minerals 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020112.

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Green roofs are constructions made of different layers, each serving a dedicated function. Substrates and materials used in their composition are essential from the point of view of rainwater retention and plant development, but they may have an adverse effect on runoff quality. Literature studies show that phosphorus and heavy metals are of main importance. The total roofs area covered with green increased in the last years in cities as they are efficient in retention of rainwater and delaying of the runoff, therefore, protecting the cities against floods. As green roofs filtrate a significant amount of rainwater, materials used in substrates composition should be carefully selected to protect urban receivers against pollution. The aim of this study was to assess phosphorus and heavy metals leaching from different green roof substrates and their components with the focus on green roof runoff quality. Both commercially made green roof substrates and often used compounds (construction aggregates) were tested in laboratory batch tests for P, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn content in extracts. Based on the results of this study, it could be emphasized that a large part of commonly used construction aggregates can be a source of phosphorus, some also can release elevated values of nickel. Therefore, the materials should be carefully tested before use in the green roof substrate composition, not only for their physical properties reflecting water retention capacity, but also for chemical composition.

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Mazzolani, Federico M. "Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events: The COST C26 Action." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.15.

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The main objective of the international research project (COST C26 Action, Chairman F.M. Mazzolani) dealing with “Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events” (2006 – 2010) was to increase the knowledge on the behaviour of constructions located in urban habitat and subjected to both natural and/or man-made catastrophic events, such as earthquakes, fire, wind storms, heavy snow loading, gas explosions, accidental impact from vehicles out of control and occasionally due to bomb blasts during terrorist attacks. In this view, it has been planned to define suitable tools for predicting the ultimate response of such constructions under extreme conditions, occurring when both loading and structural resistance are combined in such a way to reduce the safety level below acceptable values. In addition, the preparation of ad-hoc guidelines for damage prevention as well as for repairing of constructions hit by the above situations is planned. Twenty-three European Countries are participating in this project (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom). The final Conference was held in Naples on 16 to 19 September 2010 with the participation of additional twenty-three oversee Countries, where the out-put of the project has been presented. A synthetic overview of the main achieved results is given in this paper.

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Müller, Theresa, David Borschewski, Stefan Albrecht, Philip Leistner, and Moritz Späh. "The Dilemma of Balancing Design for Impact Sound with Environmental Performance in Wood Ceiling Systems—A Building Physics Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168715.

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Due to the high consumption of resources and energy in the construction sector, the development of resource-efficient and sustainable construction solutions is gaining increasing attention. The awareness of sustainability and resource conservation results in the interest of using natural and renewable materials in contemporary architecture. Timber construction methods offer both constructive and ecological potential for sustainable solutions. From a building physics perspective, the acoustic performance of lightweight buildings, such as those made of timber, presents a challenge. Even if standard requirements are met, the increased low-frequency sound transmission typical for light-weight construction can cause discomfort and is already the subject of questions in building physics, which are currently increasingly extending to timber construction. Within the framework of a holistic approach, this paper compares the problem of acoustic properties, design optimizations and the ecological properties of timber-frame and solid timber construction components. The comparison with heavy materials, such as concrete, shows the relation of acoustic optimization with the change of the environmental profile. In order to establish the interaction between acoustic quality of wooden ceiling constructions and their ecological characteristics, this article aims to demonstrate the potential of materials used in the building sector under ecological aspects considering a life cycle analysis.

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Szabadi, Laszlo. "Abrasive tribological testing of different hot-dip galvanized multilayers." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 1, no. 1 (November 6, 2010): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v1i1.20422.

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One method for steel structures corrosion resistance is using hot-dip galvanizing process.Nowdays it is widely used in Europe considering its favourable characteristics. Lately beside thecorrosion resistance demand of hot-dip galvanized coatings as a new requirement is wear resistance.The cause of this is more and more steel constructions are provided with zinc coatings as durableprotection against corrosion. The industrial floor boards, agricultural walking grids get heavy abrasioneffect. The abrasive wear resistance is a less tested, less known domain.

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40

Beard, Luna. "Heavy noun phrase constructions in the Afrikaans novel'n Ander Land: a cognitive account of a stylistic feature." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 23, no. 2 (May 2005): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073610509486383.

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41

Rasoulzadeh, Farzan, Golzar Younesi, and Sahereh Mehrabian. "Using Green Façade Base on Sustainable Materials in Temporary Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.250.

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Architecture is organizing environment wisely also the organizing is a process and one of the most important factors in this process is materials of building. By using new materials base on scientific progress contemporary architecture has been developed and with this development some various face of human thinks have been appeared. Usual architectures are base on brick and stone that are limited by heavy materials and limited conditions and .contemporary architecture is approached to a kind of transparency in the architecture. In this paper try to use library resources and investigate some case studies of temporary building. Using plants in facade of building be examined as a applied material, and using the sustainable materials to goal of spread green area also and influence of nature in some part of construction contain public constructions. And be derrived principles of it that can serve as an important incetive in creative of green facade and using of green materials. The method of data collection is library studies.

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Mezher, Rawad, Joe Ghalbouni, Joseph Dgheim, and Damian Markham. "On Unitary t-Designs from Relaxed Seeds." Entropy 22, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010092.

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The capacity to randomly pick a unitary across the whole unitary group is a powerful tool across physics and quantum information. A unitary t-design is designed to tackle this challenge in an efficient way, yet constructions to date rely on heavy constraints. In particular, they are composed of ensembles of unitaries which, for technical reasons, must contain inverses and whose entries are algebraic. In this work, we reduce the requirements for generating an ε -approximate unitary t-design. To do so, we first construct a specific n-qubit random quantum circuit composed of a sequence of randomly chosen 2-qubit gates, chosen from a set of unitaries which is approximately universal on U ( 4 ) , yet need not contain unitaries and their inverses nor are in general composed of unitaries whose entries are algebraic; dubbed r e l a x e d seed. We then show that this relaxed seed, when used as a basis for our construction, gives rise to an ε -approximate unitary t-design efficiently, where the depth of our random circuit scales as p o l y ( n , t , l o g ( 1 / ε ) ) , thereby overcoming the two requirements which limited previous constructions. We suspect the result found here is not optimal and can be improved; particularly because the number of gates in the relaxed seeds introduced here grows with n and t. We conjecture that constant sized seeds such as those which are usually present in the literature are sufficient.

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Du, Peng, Lingrong Zhang, Yuntao Ma, Xinyue Li, Zhenglu Wang, Kang Mao, Na Wang, et al. "Occurrence and Fate of Heavy Metals in Municipal Wastewater in Heilongjiang Province, China: A Monthly Reconnaissance from 2015 to 2017." Water 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030728.

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As one of the major sources of pollutions in the environments, effluents from municipal wastewater recently became a hot topic. This study quantified monthly county-level releases of five heavy metals, i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), from municipal wastewater into the environment in the Heilongjiang Province of China, based on sampling, measurement, and modeling tools. Wastewater samples were collected from 27 municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) in 15 county-level cities of Heilongjiang every month from 2015 to 2017. The concentrations of five heavy metals were analyzed in both influents (Pb: 160 ± 100 μg/L; Cd: 15 ± 9.0 μg/L; Cr: 170 ± 64 μg/L; Hg: 0.67 ± 1.5 μg/L; As: 6.2 ± 4.8 μg/L) and effluents (Pb: 45 ± 15 μg/L; Cd: 5.2 ± 5.1 μg/L; Cr: 57 ± 13 μg/L; Hg: 0.28 ± 0.12 μg/L; As: 2.6 ± 1.4 μg/L). The removal ratios of the five heavy metals ranged from 50% to 67%. Inflow fluxes of Pb, Cr, and Cd displayed increasing trends first then decreased after reaching a maximum value, whereas those of Hg and Pb remained stable. Material flow analysis reveals that constructions of MWTPs are conducive to significantly reduce the releases of heavy metals from urban areas into the aquatic environment in the study area. Additionally, municipal wastewater sludge (used as fertilizer or spread on the land) could be a significant source of heavy metals in the land.

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Rychtáriková, Monika, Bert Roozen, Herbert Müllner, Mathias Stani, Vojtech Chmelík, and Christ Glorieux. "Perceived Loudness of Sound Transmitted through Light Weight and Heavy Weight Walls." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.101.

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When assessing the sound insulation quality of buildings constructions, policy makers and investors typically demand for single number ratings and sound insulation classes that allow for easy ranking of building products. Converting the full frequency content of a precisely measured or calculated structure into a single number, which takes into account all aspects of the insulation performance in a balanced way, is a challenging task. The recently proposed draft standard 717 proposes to take into account also frequencies below 100 Hz. This makes the single value rating even more complicated, since the transmission spectra R (dB) of walls can be qualitatively very different above and below 100 Hz, and even more, since, particularly at low frequencies, human hearing depends not only on frequency but also on the absolute sound level. This article presents a comparison between masonry and light-weight walls with different R value, in terms of the perception of loudness of typical living room, traffic noise and machinery noise transmitted through the walls. The effect of temporal and spectral features of the presented stimuli on loudness perception is analyzed.

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Szymczyk, Wiesław, and Danuta Miedzińska. "FEM Modeling of Failure of a Foam Single Cell." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.400.

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. The paper deals with the numerical analysis of foam materials. Open cell foam is investigated. Numerical simulations enable prediction of failure process and assessment of effective properties of the modeled foam structures [1]. Metal as well as polyurethane foams exhibit interesting properties. They are light, possess good acoustic and/or magnetic isolation, have ability to absorb energy of vibration and impacts [2]. They are used for sandwich panels, hit absorbers (i.e. as elements of buffer constructions in rail vehicles), fillers of construction parts, bodies of vehicles (i.e. floating combat vehicles), dividing walls on vessels and others. Specially prepared open cell foams demonstrate auxetic properties [3] and shape memory effect [4]. Such materials are very good for seats in aircrafts, which may protect pilots and passengers during crashes and restrict heavy backbone injuries. Foams are also applied for filtering purposes. Foams themselves or in combination with different types of fillers (i.e. elastomers) or ceramic reinforcement may be used for impact energy absorbing panels for military purposes (protection against explosion shock wave and splinters).

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Spyrou, Christos, Michael Loupis, Νikos Charizopoulos, Ilektra Apostolidou, Angeliki Mentzafou, George Varlas, Anastasios Papadopoulos, et al. "Evaluating Nature-Based Solution for Flood Reduction in Spercheios River Basin under Current and Future Climate Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073885.

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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are being deployed around the world in order to address hydrometeorological hazards, including flooding, droughts, landslides and many others. The term refers to techniques inspired, supported and copied from nature, avoiding large constructions and other harmful interventions. In this work the development and evaluation of an NBS applied to the Spercheios river basin in Central Greece is presented. The river is susceptible to heavy rainfall and bank overflow, therefore the intervention selected is a natural water retention measure that aims to moderate the impact of flooding and drought in the area. After the deployment of the NBS, we examine the benefits under current and future climate conditions, using various climate change scenarios. Even though the NBS deployed is small compared to the rest of the river, its presence leads to a decrease in the maximum depth of flooding, maximum velocity and smaller flooded areas. Regarding the subsurface/groundwater storage under current and future climate change and weather conditions, the NBS construction seems to favor long-term groundwater recharge.

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Koyankin, A. A., and V. M. Mitasov. "JOINTS IN CONCRETES OF DIFFERENT AGE AND TYPE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-6-94-104.

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The performance and structural reliability of concrete-to-concrete joints play an important role in precast-cast-in-place constructions, since they are responsible for deformation of concretes of different age, type and strength. The paper studies the effect of the joint type on its bearing capacity under shear loads. A horizontal test bench and a standard vertical press are used in the experiment to provide the shear load along the concrete-to-concrete joint (light cast-situ and heavy precast concretes). The following joint installing is considered: a smooth surface, which provides the concrete joint due to the adhesive and friction forces, and the joint provided by transverse reinforcement. Design features are identified for the joint bearing capacity exhaustion in concretes of different age, type and strength in precast-cast-in-place constructions under shear, depending on the joint type. A comparative analysis is given to the results obtained. It is shown that the transverse reinforcement has a positive effect on the bearing capacity of the concrete-to-concrete joints.

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Evans, Christopher, and Richard Newman. "An ‘Imperial Philosophical Machine’: the archaeology of the Cambridge Observatory and early modern science." Antiquity 85, no. 330 (November 2011): 1369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062116.

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Commercial excavators often find that their way back to the past runs through relatively recent structures. What should we do with them? Intellectually sensitive modern excavators, like our authors, are beginning to convince us that these recent constructions not only matter in themselves, but may have interesting links to what lies beneath. Here they introduce us to the foundations of an early telescope, a monument that takes its context both from the much-investigated lands of West Cambridge, and the more abstract landscape of early science. Forcing archaeology to ask fresh questions and make ambitious connections is only proper in a place heavy with the aroma of investigative scholarship.

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Taric, Mirsad, and Enis Sadovic. "Application of discrete model in analyzes of built and tested composite bridge construction." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 9, no. 1 (2011): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1101119t.

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Designing problem and theoretical analyses of steel-concrete composite structures are especially emphasized in bridge engineering. Method of modelling composite constructions developed and established by standards had been improved by use of finite element method and modern software. By this paper authors wanted to point out the importance of adequate structure modelling assuming all features of steel-concrete bond, and comparing results of experimental research with results of software calculation based on FEM and calculation based on plane theory approach with certain simplifications. Because of research tests necessities the bridge was loaded with four heavy test vehicles. Results, which are represented graphically and numerically were essence for suggestion of giving advantages to area element discretization of composite section over the other one.

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Ferdinandov, Nikolay, Danail Gospodinov, Mariana Ilieva, and Rossen Radev. "Effect of the Root Gap on the Structure and Properties of High Strength Steel S700MC Welds." Key Engineering Materials 890 (June 23, 2021): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.890.201.

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Nowadays, the use of high strength (HS) and ultra-high strength steels (UHS) increases, notably in welded constructions. These steels are mainly exploited in heavy loaded welded constructions such as bridges, cranes and excavators, in pressure vessels, vehicles, ships, drilling rigs etc. working at room or lower temperatures. As the welded constructions have specific requirements, the development of high strength and ultra-high strength steels imposes the need for research on the factors influencing their weldability. Among the possible negative implications are: cold cracks formation, softening of the heat affected zone, brittleness in the coarse grained zone. When complying with the generally accepted rules for welding, HS and UHS are readily welded by all conventional welding methods. Recommendations for welding of steels after normalization, thermo-mechanical treatment and quenching and tempering are given in the standard EN 1011 -1, 2. The use of thermo-mechanically treated (hot-rolled) steels with low carbon equivalent, such as S700MC, allows reduction in time required for welding as the preheating temperature is lowered or even preheating is not necessary. A more pronounced negative effect on the weld quality has the presence of different defects. S700MC can be welded by all conventional methods, and a reduction in the softened zone can be achieved by using appropriate welding parameters. Joint preparation for welding of HS and UHS steels is described in the standards EN ISO 9692-1:2013 and EN ISO 9692-2:2001. Nevertheless, the root gap is often the closing part in constructions and does not comply with the standard recommendations. That is why the effect of the root gap on welds has to be researched. The present work introduces results of a research studying the effect of the root gap on the structure and some mechanical and technological properties of S700MS welds, welded by submerged arc welding.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy Constructions'

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