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1
Huang, Sui Liang. "Adsorption of Cadmium Ions onto the Yellow River Sediment." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.026.
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Abstract Adsorption of cadmium ions onto Yellow River sediment was studied in a batch reactor. Equilibrium adsorption of cadmium ions onto Yellow River sediment can be well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In view of common experimental conditions in the batch reactor, a set of equations for describing variations of both the dissolved heavy metal pollutant concentration and the particulate heavy metal pollutant concentrations (the adsorption content of heavy metal pollutant on unit weight of sediment) with time was formulated with the use of an adsorptive reaction kinetic equation of heavy metal pollutant, mass balance equation and corresponding initial conditions. Furthermore, formulae for calculating the equilibrium dissolved heavy metal concentration and the equilibrium particulate heavy metal concentration (the equilibrium adsorption content of heavy metal pollutant on unit weight of sediment) in the batch reactor were obtained. These can be used as tools for further study. It was found that the saturation adsorption content, b, constant of adsorption-desorption rate, k, and coefficient of adsorption rate, k1 (and coefficient of desorption rate k2), in the adsorptive reaction kinetic equation of the Langmuir type are independent of the suspended sediment concentration. Adsorption contents of heavy metal pollutants on unit weight of sediment (the suspended particulate heavy metal concentration) decreases with increasing suspended sediment concentration and can be well explained by the law of mass conservation. Adsorption capacity, which is defined as adsorption content of heavy metal pollutant by unit volume of (muddy) water, increases with an increase in either the suspended sediment concentration or initial dissolved heavy metal concentration.
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Naseem, Khalida, Zahoor H. Farooqi, Muhammad Z. Ur Rehman, Muhammad A. Ur Rehman, Robina Begum, Rahila Huma, Aiman Shahbaz, Jawayria Najeeb, and Ahmad Irfan. "A systematic study for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media using Sorghum bicolor: an efficient biosorbent." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 10 (April 26, 2018): 2355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.190.
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Abstract This review is based on the adsorption characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. Different parameters like pH, temperature of the medium, sorghum concentration, sorghum particle size, contact time, stirring speed and heavy metal concentration control the adsorption efficiency of sorghum biomass for heavy metal ions. Sorghum biomass showed maximum efficiency for removal of heavy metal ions in the pH range of 5 to 6. It is an agricultural waste and is regarded as the cheapest biosorbent, having high adsorption capacity for heavy metals as compared to other reported adsorbents, for the treatment of heavy metal polluted wastewater. Adsorption of heavy metal ions onto sorghum biomass follows pseudo second order kinetics. Best fitted adsorption isotherm models for removal of heavy metal ions on sorghum biomass are Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Thermodynamic aspects of heavy metal ions adsorption onto sorghum biomass have also been elaborated in this review article. How adsorption efficiency of sorghum biomass can be improved by different physical and chemical treatments in future has also been elaborated. This review article will be highly useful for researchers working in the field of water treatment via biosorption processing. The quantitative demonstrated efficiency of sorghum biomass for various heavy metal ions has also been highlighted in different sections of this review article.
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Song, Guanling, Lijing Cao, Xiao Chen, Wenhua Hou, and Qunhui Wang. "Heavy metal adsorption changes of EAF steel slag after phosphorus adsorption." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 9 (May 1, 2012): 1570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.048.
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A kind of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag was phosphated, and its isothermal and dynamic adsorptions of copper, cadmium, and lead ions were measured to determine if heavy metal adsorption changes after phosphorus adsorption. The surface area increased greatly after the slag was phosphated. Isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the theoretical Qmax of the EAF steel slag on Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ improved 59, 50, and 89% respectively after it was phosphated. Dynamic adsorption results showed that the greatest adsorption capacities of unit volume of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ were 2.2, 1.8, and 1.8 times that of the column packed with original EAF steel slag when the column was packed with phosphate EAF steel slag at the same heavy metal ion concentration. The breakthrough time, the exhaustion time and elution efficiency of the column also increased when the column was packed with phosphated EAF steel slag compared with that packed with original EAF steel slag. Phosphorus adsorption could further improve the heavy metal ion adsorption of the EAF steel slag.
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L, Sirajo, Musa L., and Ndanusa I. A. "DETERMINATION OF ADSORPTION KINETICS OF COCONUT HUSK ADSORBENT FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL USING LANGMUIR AND FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM EXPRESSIONS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i10.2018.1165.
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Adsorption of heavy metal cationic ions (Cr, Pb, and Cu) onto coconut husk carbon (CHC) adsorbent has been studied using batch-adsorption method. The study was carried out to investigate the adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherm of the coconut husk adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals in waste liquid effluent. The influence of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and adsorbent concentration, and temperature on the adsorption process was also studied. Results indicated an initial increase in adsorption rate, and optimal removal of heavy metal was reached within 70 minutes, further increase in contact time and temperature show significant change in equilibrium concentration. Also, further increase in adsorbent dosage revealed significant change in the sorption capacity of the CHC. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The RI (equilibrium parameter) value in the present investigation was less than 1 (one) which indicates that the adsorption of the heavy metals ions on the CHC is favorable. The value of n for this study which indicates the degree of non-linearity between solution concentration and adsorption were 0.31–0.39, this result indicated that the adsorption of heavy metals onto the CHC is a chemical sorption. After treatment of synthetic heavy metal solution with the CHC, the adsorption isotherm model analysis revealed that the adsorption capacity (b) of CHC for the heavy metal were 89 mg/L (Cr), 125.5 mg/L (Pb), and 129.7 mg/L (Cu). Conclusively, the results indicate that the freely abundant agricultural waste-coconut husk can be treated for heavy metal adsorption but it’s not economically viable because it’s not renewable due to the chemisorption nature of the adsorption process.
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Chen, Peng, and Peng Hua Cao. "The Residue of Heavy Metals in Lobster Sauce and the Shallow Analysis of Occurred Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2267.
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Using thiol-activated-carbon adsorption heavy metal (Cd) in lobster sauce were studied.The content of Cd in lobster sauce from the different manufacturers are detected in the appropriate adsorption conditions and analytical conditions, while on the mechanism of heavy metals in lobster sauce were analyzed. The results show that: the thiol-activated-carbon adsorption of heavy metals in the lobster sauce has a good effect on adsorption and desorption .At the same time ,it is to be found that the content of heavy metal (Cd) after using this method to dispose the samples is higher than the national standards relating to the content of heavy metal (Cd) in beans.Its occurred mechanism mainly is soybean itself pollution, soybean itself with the manufacturing technique and added salt ，etc.
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Kromah, Varney, and Guanghui Zhang. "Aqueous Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application." Water 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131843.
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Heavy metals pollution of aqueous solutions generates considerable concerns as they adversely impact the environment and health of humans. Among the remediation technologies, adsorption with metal sulfide nanomaterials has proven to be a promising strategy due to their cost-effective, environmentally friendly, surface modulational, and amenable properties. Their excellent adsorption characteristics are attributed to the inherently exposed sulfur atoms that interact with heavy metals through various processes. This work presents a comprehensive overview of the sequestration of heavy metals from water using metal sulfide nanomaterials. The common methods of synthesis, the structures, and the supports for metal sulfide nano-adsorbents are accentuated. The adsorption mechanisms and governing conditions and parameters are stressed. Practical heavy metal remediation application in aqueous media using metal sulfide nanomaterials is highlighted, and the existing research gaps are underscored.
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Maranescu, Bianca, Lavinia Lupa, and Aurelia Visa. "Heavy metal removal from waste waters by phosphonate metal organic frameworks." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0307.
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AbstractThe increase attention in the area of phosphonate metal organic framework is exemplified with a variety of applications and a rich chemistry of these compounds. Water pollution caused by heavy metal ions is a major concern due to their toxicity to many life forms. In order to decrease the heavy metals impact upon the environment various technologies of water treatment such as: chemical sedimentation, ion exchange, redox process are studied. The tendency is to find a versatile and economical method of heavy metals removal from waste waters. Phosphonate metal organic frameworks were obtained by the reaction of Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O, phosphonic acid (phosphonoacetic (CP), vinyl phosphonic acid (VP) and N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (Gly)) in hydrothermal conditions. Coordination polymers synthesized were characterized by FTIR, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption processes represent a very good alternative for heavy metals removal due to low costs and ease of operation. In the present paper the adsorption performance of the mentioned materials in the removal process of heavy metals from aqueous solutions, was studied using the batch method. The adsorption conditions were investigated by varying the initial pH, contact time and adsorbate initial concentration for chromium metal ions removal from aqueous solutions. It was found that the adsorption efficiency of the studied materials in the removal process of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions is in the following order: Ni-CP<Ni-Gly≤Ni-VP.
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Czikkely, Marton, Eva Neubauer, Ilona Fekete, Prespa Ymeri, and Csaba Fogarassy. "Review of Heavy Metal Adsorption Processes by Several Organic Matters from Wastewaters." Water 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101377.
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Heavy metal contamination of natural rivers and wastewaters is a problem for both the environment and human society. The accumulation and adsorption of heavy metals could happen with several organic and inorganic matters, but the most used adsorbents are (biological and chemical) organic compounds. This review article presents the basics of heavy metal adsorption on several organic surfaces. There are many organic matters, which seem to be useful as agents for heavy metal adsorption. All of the cited authors and articles present the adsorption kinetics by the most used isotherm models (such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms). By comparing several research results presented by a pre-selected assortment of papers, we would like to give an overview of the microbiological, organic chemical, and other surface adsorption possibilities. We draw conclusions for two new adsorption fields (adsorption with biosorbent and artificial materials). We present an optional possibility to study adsorption kinetics, efficiency and regeneration methods to successfully conclude the heavy metal treatment process, and we make some recommendations about the efficient water usage calculations using the water allowance coefficient (WAC) indicator.
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Guo, Xue Yi, Sha Liang, and Qing Hua Tian. "Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Modified Orange Peel as Adsorbent." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.237.
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In this study, orange peel (OP) was modified by KCl to prepare a novel orange peel adsorbent named as KOP. The adsorption behaviors of KOP for five heavy metals (Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+) were studied. The effects of pH, adsorption time and metal ion concentration on single heavy metal solution adsorption by KOP were investigated. All adsorption processes can attain equilibrium with 20min and kinetics data of five heavy metal ions were fitted to pseudo-second-equation; the maximum adsorption capacities for Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+and Ni2+were calculated as 59.77, 125.63, 141.84, 45.29 and 49.14 mg/g, respectively. Recycle and reuse experiments indicate that KOP could be used for more than 10 cycles. The effect of coexist metal ions on adsorption can be neglected.
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Bauer, Tatiana, Tatiana Minkina, Saglara Mandzhieva, Marina Burachevskaya, and Maria Zharkova. "Biochar application to detoxification of the heavy metal-contaminated fluvisols." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 09009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017509009.
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Sorption of heavy metals on solid matrices such as soils is one of the key processes which determine the fate of contaminants in the environment. Knowledge of adsorption behavior of heavy metals using biochar is essential for their application in soil remediation. Using the adsorption method, the possibility of using a wood biochar to detoxify Fluvisols contaminated with heavy metals (for example, copper) was studied. It is shown that the addition of biochar increases the metal adsorption capacity of soil. The results were analysed using the Langmuir and Freindlich isotherm equations. It was concluded that biocar can be applied to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils.
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Hui, Khee Chung, Norashikin Ahmad Kamal, Nonni Soraya Sambudi, and Muhammad Roil Bilad. "Magnetic Hydroxyapatite for Batch Adsorption of Heavy Metals." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128704005.
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In this work, magnetic hydroxyapatite or hydroxyapatite-iron (III) oxide (HAp-Fe3O4) composite was used as the adsorbent of heavy metals and the performance was evaluated using the batch test. The presence of heavy metals in the effluent from wastewater discharge can be toxic to many organisms and can even lead to eye burns. Therefore, hydroxyapatite synthesized from the chemical precipitation of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate solutions is used to remove heavy metal in aqueous media. Magnetic properties of Fe3O4 can help prevent formation of secondary pollutants caused by the loss of adsorbent. The synthesized HAp-Fe3O4 can remove cadmium, zinc and lead effectively, which is up to 90% removal. Reusability study shows that the adsorbent could retain heavy metal ions even after four cycles. The percentage removal of heavy metals maintains at around 80% after four times of usage. The composite of HAp-Fe3O4 demonstrates good performance and stability which is beneficial for heavy metal removal in the future.
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Efendi, Yuda Darmawan, Hafni Indriati Nasution, Siti Rahmah, and Moondra Zubir. "Process Treatment of Heavy Metal Waste from Various Types of Adosorbents ( clay, flay ash, and natural zeolite) : A Review." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v4i1.23093.
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Development of the industry, especially the palm oil mill industry, it will have an impact with tangible evidence that makes the environment polluted. Heavy metals will be produced from the palm oil mill industry and will pollute the environment. Zn metal is one of the heavy metal waste produced from the mustard coconut factory industry. Zn heavy metal waste will be very dangerous if it exceeds a predetermined level and will have an impact on humans, animals and the environment. One effort to reduce heavy metals using the adsorption method. Adsorption has advantages over a variety of other methods. Adsorban that is used from materials found in nature and the resulting waste can be used as an adsorbent. The type and type of adsorbent greatly affect the pH adsorption level of the Zn metal solution.
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Klekotka, Urszula, Ewelina Wińska, Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa, Dariusz Satuła, and Beata Kalska-Szostko. "Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (February 28, 2018): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.69.
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In this work, we analyze artificial heavy-metal solutions with ferrite nanoparticles. Measurements of adsorption effectiveness of different kinds of particles, pure magnetite or magnetite doped with calcium, cobalt, manganese, or nickel ions, were carried out. A dependence of the adsorption efficiency on the composition of the inorganic core has been observed. Ferrites surfaces were modified by phthalic anhydride (PA), succinic anhydride (SA), acetic anhydride (AA), 3-phosphonopropionic acid (3-PPA), or 16-phosphohexadecanoic acid (16-PHDA) to compare the adsorption capability of the heavy metals Cd, Cu and Pb. The obtained nanoparticles were structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The amounts of Cd, Cu and Pb were measured out by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) as comparative techniques. The performed study shows that SA linker appears to be the most effective in the adsorption of heavy metals. Moreover, regarding the influence of the composition of the inorganic core on the detection ability, the most effective ferrite Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 was selected for discussion. The highest heavy-metal adsorption capability and universality was observed for SA as a surface modifier.
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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, and Khabibi Khabibi. "Potential Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Eugenol Compounds and Derivatives through Ion Imprinted Polymer." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.6.263-268.
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Research on the potential of Ion Imprinted Polymer (IIP) selective adsorption of heavy metals using eugenol compounds and their derivatives has been carried out. Isolation and synthesis of eugenol derivatives with metal selective active groups and their use as selective metal carriers have been carried out with satisfactory results. Carrier effectiveness can still be improved by methods that focus on the target molecule recognition model. This adsorption method is called Ion Imprinted Polymer (IIP). The main components of IIP are functional monomers, crosslinkers, and target molecules. The use of acrylamide and its derivatives as functional monomers is useful with a lot of success achieved but also invites danger because it includes carcinogenic substances, a nerve poison, and so on. Moreover, the N group, which is an active acrylamide group, and its derivatives are only selective towards borderline metals (HSAB theory). Alternatives that are safe and can increase their selectivity are therefore needed. Eugenol, with its three potential functional groups, is believed to be able to replace the function of acrylamide and its derivatives that can even increase the effectiveness of IIP. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of eugenol derivatives as selective adsorbents through the IIP method. This synthesis of IIP involved the use of basic ingredients of eugenol and its derivatives (polyeugenol, EOA, polyacetate). Each base material is contacted with a metal template then crosslinked with three kinds of crosslinking agents, namely EGDMA, DVB, and bisphenol. IIP is formed after the metal template is released using acid/HCl. The outcomes obtained demonstrate that the IIP method is able to increase the metal adsorption capacity and that the IIP method for metals is largely determined by the release of metals, which will form a hole for metal entry through adsorption. Poly-Cd-DVB, Eug-Cr-DVB, Poly-Cu-bisphenol, Polyacetate -Cr-DVB are polymer materials that have the potential to make up an IIP.
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Chen, Feng, Xiu Lian Zhu, and Wei Yu. "The Transformation of Heavy Metal Be in Activated Sludge Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.633.
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Municipalsludge is refers to the product of sewage treatment plant, facing the huge number of municipalsludge, the disposal of the municipalsludge has aroused wide attention of all countries. Many studies consider that urban land use of the municipalsludge is the most effective method, However heavy metal accumulats in the sludge and the environment of the risk with agricultural appears day after day.The purpose of this study is: analysis the transfermation of heavy metals in the activated sludge system of various structures. put forward the solution of reducing heavy metal exceeded in the activated sludge treatment process.It appears that the coagulation can make colloid stabilized and sedimentation, can control the input of the heavy metal effectively; Adsorption of activated sludge to heavy metal is very fast, in 30 min basic reached adsorption balance, probably 80% or more;The change from oxygen to aerobic have great influence on Heavy metal biological adsorption;An aerobic digestion processes can reduce the volume and quality of sludge, but there is no enrichment role to heavy metal in sludge.
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Cui, Di, Chong Tan, Hongna Deng, Xunxue Gu, Shanshan Pi, Ting Chen, Lu Zhou, and Ang Li. "Biosorption Mechanism of Aqueous Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ Ions on Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)." Archaea 2020 (June 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8891543.
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Heavy metal pollution has been a focus with increasing attention, especially Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ in an aqueous environment. The adsorption capacity and mechanism of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens F2 for three heavy metals were investigated in this study. The adsorption efficiency of 94.67%, 94.41%, and 77.95% were achieved for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ adsorption on EPS, respectively. The experimental data of adsorption could be well fitted by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Model parameters analysis demonstrated the great adsorption efficiency of EPS, especially for Pb2+, and chemisorption was the rate-limiting step during the adsorption process. The functional groups of C=O of carboxyl and C-O-C from sugar derivatives in EPS played the major role in the adsorption process judged by FTIR. In addition, 3D-EEM spectra indicated that tyrosine also assisted EPS adsorption for three heavy metals. But EPS from strain F2 used the almost identical adsorption mechanism for three kinds of divalent ions of heavy metals, so the adsorption efficiency difference of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ on EPS could be correlated to the inherent characteristics of each heavy metal. This study gave the evidence that EPS has a great application potential as a bioadsorbent in the treatment of heavy metals pollution.
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Lee, Gimin, Gyuri Kim, Sungkyu Choi, and Tae-jin Lee. "A Study on Adsorption of Heavy Metals with Zeolite and FeS Media." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.7.349.
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Objectives:Adsorption characteristics in aqueous solution were investigated to effectively remove heavy metals by the crystallization of FeS and reaction kinetics were analyzed to compare with heavy metal adsorption characteristics of zeolite.Methods:The adsorption characteristics of each media were analyzed using Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption reaction kinetics of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn) on zeolite and FeS media were analyzed by a pseudo-first or pseudo-second order reaction kinetics.Results and Discussion:The maximum adsorption capacity of zeolite was highest in Pb, and the adsorption preference was in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn. In the case of FeS media, Cu was found to have a higher adsorption capacity than Pb or Zn, and the adsorption preference was observed to be Cu>Pb>Zn. It was found that the adsorption mechanism is based on chemical adsorption (chemisorption) because adsorption of each heavy metal onto zeolite or FeS media is more suitable for pseudo-second order kinetics.Conclusions:It was found that the removal of heavy metals through FeS media has a different pattern from zeolite, and when comparing the adsorption capacity of each media, it was found that FeS media is more effective for Zn or Cu except Pb.
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Zhou, Xiu Yan, Xiang Xin Xue, Yu Hua Zhao, and Ou Liu. "Study on Tdsorption of Heavy Metalion in Metallurgical Wastewater by Montmorillonite." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.601.
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In this study, the sorption of single heavy metal (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) and multiple heavy metals in simulated metallurgical wastewater by montmorillonite was investigated. The effect of adsorption time and temperature conditions, etc. on the adsorption was also studied. The results showed that in the same concentration of adsorbent dosage, removal rate of single heavy metal is the highest (99.9%, 88.1% and 98.3%) when the concentration of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ is 50 mg/L, 20mg/L and 100mg/L, respectively. The adsorption of multiple heavy metals in simulated metallurgical wastewater is the highest in 4 hours at 20°C. The adsorption capacity is in order of Pb2+≈Zn2+>Cu2+>Cd2+ and removal rate is 90.8%, 87.3%, 70.0% and 51.6%, respectively.
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Uçurum, Metin, Akın Özdemir, Çağatay Teke, Hüseyin Serencam, and Mümtaz İpek. "Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Ultra-Fine Calcite Using a Box-Behnken Experimental Design." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 992–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0114.
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AbstractRemoval of heavy metals from wastewater is a significant issue because it prevents environmental-based concerns and impacts a large number of diseases and disorders. Many low-cost natural materials have been offered recently as possible precursors to commercial synthetic adsorbents. Ultra-fine calcite, one of these natural materials, has been investigated as a potential commercial adsorbent. Response surface designs are effective experimental techniques to investigate the heavy metal adsorption capacity of ultra-fine calcite. In the present study, one such response surface design, Box-Behnken, is used in order to optimize adsorption factors, such as pH level, initial metal concentration, stirring rate and adsorption time, and to determine the heavy metal capacity of this adsorbent. Our results show that the proposed methodology is an effective approach to optimizing the adsorption process and to maximize the heavy metal capacity.
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Zhou, Xiu Yan, and Xiang Xin Xue. "Study on Adsorption of Heavy Metalion in Metallurgical Wastewater by Sepiolite." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2585.
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In this study, the sorption of heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+) from simulated metallurgical wastewater by sepiolite under different dosage, pH, adsorption time and temperature conditions was investigated. The results showed that adsorption increased with the increase of adsorbent dosage until the adsorption equilibrium was reached. When the pH is 6, adsorption of heavy metal ions by sepiolite was in the order of Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+ and removal rates of the metal ion were 91%, 90%, 91%, 84%, respectively. The effect of adsorption time on adsorption was not significant. At room temperature, with the adsorption time 45 min, the adsorption of metal ions is almost saturated, adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ was 13.05mg/g, 85.47mg/g, 62.36mg/g and 15.67mg/g, respectively.
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Selvaraj, Suresh, S. Ravichandran, S. R. Boselin Prabhu, G. K. Prashanth, and H. M. Sathyananda. "Novel Foam Adsorbents in Dyes and Heavy Metals Removal: A Review." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 3 (2021): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.22987.
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The present review comprises various novel foam adsorbents with unique adsorption performance in process of removal of dyes and heavy metals. Water pollution because of toxic dyes and heavy metals and its ill-effect on the ecosystem is of great concern to researchers, as it affects the living creatures on the planet. Novel foam adsorbents from carbon foam, chitosan foam, metal foam and polymer foam were developed as efficient materials with good chelating ability to adsorb dyes and heavy metal ions. Novel carbon foam adsorbents were reported to have superior adsorption capacity in removal of dyes and heavy metals. This review aims to look at various novel foam adsorbents used in adsorption studies and their potential in dyes and heavy metals removal. This work provides a worthy challenge and the future possibility for designing novel foam materials for various applications.
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Huang, Chien-Hung, Shan-Yi Shen, Cheng-Di Dong, Mohanraj Kumar, and Jih-Hsing Chang. "Removal Mechanism and Effective Current of Electrocoagulation for Treating Wastewater Containing Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cr(VI)." Water 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092614.
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This study aims to clarify the removal mechanism and to calculate the effective current of electrocoagulation (i.e., EC) for treating wastewater containing Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cr(VI). The adsorption behavior of various heavy metals onto Al(OH)3 coagulant generated by the EC process was investigated and the estimating method of the corresponding current was established. Results indicate that adsorption of single Ni(II) and Cu(II) by Al(OH)3 coagulant can be simulated by the Langmuir isotherm, while Cr(VI) adsorption fits the Freundlich isotherm better. As treating single heavy metal of wastewater, the removal mechanism of the EC process is the adsorption reaction. Under the coexisting condition, the Ni(II) and Cu(II) will compete for the same active sites on the Al(OH)3 surface and Cu(II) suppresses Ni(II) adsorption. As treating the coexisting heavy metals, Ni(II) removal not only associates with adsorption but also with the coprecipitation. In contrast, Cr(VI) does not compete with other metal ions for the same type of adsorption sites. Whether single or coexisting conditions, the adsorption capacity of heavy metals onto Al(OH)3 coagulants can be used to compute the necessary current to effectively remove heavy metals in the EC system.
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OUATTARA, Sinaly, A. Lydie MANGOU-ALLALI, A. B. AMA-CAUPHYS, and Lacina COULIBALY. "ARSENIC, NICKEL AND LEADREMOVAL FROM UNDERGROUND WELLS BY ADSORPTION ON LATERITE SOIL." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i2.2018.167.
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The pollution by heavy metal in the environment, particularly groundwater, constitutes an environmental problem and health in Côte d’Ivoire. Among methods used for removal heavy metals, adsorption by natural absorbent such as a laterite is effective and cheap when compared to other methods. So, this study evaluates the laterite reactor performance for effective removal of heavy metals viz., arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) from real-life groundwater. And adsorption of heavy metals was performed with laterite of different particle sizes, viz. coarse grain size of laterite (LRCOG) and laterite granules (LRG). The results obtained showed that the percentages of removal of heavy metal are higher than the size of the laterite. As, Ni and Pb removal are 98.3 ± 0.4%, 99.2 ± 0.2% and 96.1 ± 1.1% respectively in LRCOG effluents. With the laterite in form of granules, percentage removal were of 98.6 ± 0.3% for As that of the Ni is of 99.7 ± 0.2% and 97.9 ± 0.5 % for Pb. The adsorption of heavy metal on the two types of laterite particle size is in the same order of effectiveness: Ni˃As˃Pb.
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Theodoridou, E., A. D. Jannakoudakis, P. D. Jannakoudakis, and S. Antoniadou. "Electrochemically oxidized carbon fibres as an adsorbent for the attachment of dissolved substances. Adsorption of nitro compounds and ion-exchange of heavy metals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-272.
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The adsorption of several aromatic nitro compounds and the ion-exchange of heavy metal ions on electro-oxidized carbon fibres have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and polarographic techniques. Electro-oxidation is performed by potentiostatic double pulse application. This procedure results in the generation of many functional —OH and —COOH groups with adsorptive and ion-exchanging properties.Multimolecular layers of adsorbed substances may be formed through a procedure of successive adsorption of the nitro-compound and electro-reduction to the corresponding amine, resulting in the attachment of considerable amounts of the nitro-compound to the carbon fibres.The ion-exchange capacity is estimated to be ca. 1 mequiv. g−1 and with slight deviations it follows the rank Ag, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg. After the electro-reduction of the exchanged metal ions, the ion-exchange process can be repeated several times. This procedure is of importance for the removal of significant amounts of heavy and toxic metals from industrial waste waters. Key words: electro-oxidized carbon fibres, adsorption of aromatic nitro compounds, cation-exchange of heavy metals.
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Bhole, V., and DS Ramteke. "Preferential Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Activated Carbon." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 46, no. 2 (August 8, 2011): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.2572.
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The removal of heavy metals in single, two and three-component system through adsorption was studied and found instant removal at the initial concentration of the adsorbate. Adsorption of metals by activated carbon has been found to be dependent on pH, activated carbon dose and initial metal concentration, the type of activated carbon, its porosity and surface area. The Freundlich isotherms was used to fit the experimental data and to find out the adsorption parameters. The overall preferential adsorption pattern in multicomponent system of heavy metals was observed to be as cd> pb>cr. Generally in wastewater treatment system heavy metals are removed through adsorption in tertiary treatment. So this trend will be useful in removing maximum percentage of heavy metals preferably in multicomponent system. Key Words : Heavy metals; Adsorption; Single component system; Multicomponent system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.2572 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 211-218, 2011
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Celis, Rafael, M. Carmen HermosÍn, and Juan Cornejo. "Heavy Metal Adsorption by Functionalized Clays." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 21 (November 2000): 4593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es000013c.
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Andrejkovičová, Slávka, Martin Pentrák, L'uboš Jankovič, and Peter Komadel. "Sorption of heavy metal cations on rhyolitic and andesitic bentonites from Central Slovakia." Geologica Carpathica 61, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-010-0008-1.
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Sorption of heavy metal cations on rhyolitic and andesitic bentonites from Central SlovakiaThe main purpose of this work was to determine adsorption characteristics of heavy metal cations on two Slovak bentonites. Adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Cd2+on Jelšový Potok (JP) and Lieskovec (L) bentonites was studied by the batch equilibration technique using solutions of different concentrations. Higher smectite content (81 mass %) and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) (105 mmol M+/100 g) of JP bentonite cause higher adsorption of all heavy metals in comparison with L bentonite. JP adsorbed heavy metals in the order Pb2+» Cd2+> Zn2+> Cu2+while sorption on L was slightly different, Pb2+» Cd2+> Cu2+≥ Zn2+. The Freundlich model of adsorption is more appropriate for adsorption of Pb2+and Cd2+while lower uptake of Cu2+and Zn2+is better described by the Langmuir model. Negative ΔG° values indicate that the adsorption process of all cations on both bentonites is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. The decrease in thed001spacings from 14.8-14.9 Å in natural dominantly Ca2+-saturated samples to 13.2-12.6 Å for both bentonites saturated with four heavy metal cations shows the effect of less hydrated exchangeable cations on interlayer spacing. Jelšový Potok bentonite of higher montmorillonite content and greater CEC is the more effective candidate for removal of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Cd2+from waste water than Lieskovec bentonite.
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Moreno-Piraján, Juan Carlos, and Liliana Giraldo. "Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon from Orange Peel." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2012): 926–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/383742.
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Activated carbon obtained from orange peel (ACOP) was synthesized and used for the removal of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cd, and Co) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analyzing data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibit the greatest adsorption on activated carbon orange peel because of its size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varies as a function of pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution of heavy metals on ACOP were determined. Adsorption isotherms are consistent with Langmuir's adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied.
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Chen, Fang Yan, Wei Ye, and Yu Bin Tang. "Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Sodium Polyacrylate-Humic Acid-Rectorite Composite as a Novel Adsorbent." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2428.
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A novel organic-inorganic composite sodium polyacrylate-humic acid-rectorite was prepared by polymerization reaction of acrylic acid, humic acid and rectorite in aqueous solution and used as adsorbent for removal of heavy metals Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage on adsorption capability were investigated. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm and desorption of adsorbed heavy metal ions were also researched. The results indicated that the adsorption reaction of heavy metals was rapid and reached equilibrium in 30 min. Adsorption capacities of heavy metals increased with increasing initial pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption reaction is endothermic. The optimum pH for all the four ions adsorption was observed at 5.5-6.5. The removal rate of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) ions with initial concentration of 50mg/L are more than 98%, and Zn(II) ions removal is about 90%. The suitability of adsorption kinetics for heavy metals to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model suggested that the adsorption rate may be governed by chemiadsorption involving ions exchange or sharing between adsorbent and metal ions. The adsorption equilibrium data was well interpreted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption behaved as monomolecular layer. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 1666.7, 666.7, 303.0 and 454.6 mg∙g-1 for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively, at 25°C. Adsorbed metal ions were desorbed effectively by 0.1M HCl solution. Desorption rate was about 95.2, 92.4, 98.7 and 94.3% for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. Adsorbent can be reused for three cycles without any significant loss in adsorption performance.
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Jang, A., S. W. Lee, Y. Seo, K. W. Kim, I. S. Kim, and P. L. Bishop. "Application of mulch for treating metals in urban runoff: batch and column test." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.024.
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Among the many methods available for the removal of heavy metals in urban nonpoint source pollution (NSP), adsorption has been shown to be an economically feasible alternative. To adsorb the amount of heavy metals in runoff, filtration of runoff through a specially constructed filter system is one possible treatment method. The mulch layer in a specially constructed filter system functions through adsorptive-filtration, where some pollutants are immobilised through sorption and some pollutants associated with suspended solids are immobilised through filtration. Therefore, the major interest of this study was to investigate the possibility of utilising mulch for the adsorption of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for a solution typical of those found in urban runoff using the flask-type adsorption batch tests and laboratory column tests. From the equilibrium sorption batch tests, it was observed that the adsorption of heavy metals on mulch with the same initial concentrations of metals in the solution decreased in the order Pb(II)> Cu(II)> Zn(II)> Cd(II) regardless of changes in pH. In column tests, the breakthrough curves for various heavy metals' adsorption by mulch showed that the binding strength of the following metal ions onto mulch was as follows: Pb(II)> Cu(II)> Zn(II)> Cd(II).
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Jadhav, Abhijit, Govindaraj Mohanraj, Suseeladevi Mayadevi, and Ashok Gokarn. "Adsorption of Heavy Metal on Active Carbon Derived from Coconut Leaves Agro-Waste." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.553.
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In this paper activated carbon is prepared from coconut leaves by chemical activation during slow pyrolysis at 673 K in an inert atmosphere. Activated carbon is prepared in the stiochiometric ratio of 1:1 (CL1), 2:1 (CL2) and 3:1 (CL3). Optimized 3:1 ratio is preferable for further study. BET surface area of CL3 activated carbon was found 1060.57 m2/g. It is greater than those of CL1 and CL2. The batch sorption study experiments were conducted with respect to solute concentration of 2.5–122.8 mg/l and solution temperature of 313–343 K. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm studies were conducted. The experimental data fitted very well for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order. The results have established good potentiality for the CL3 activated carbon to be used as a sorbent for the removal of lead from wastewater.
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Silveira, Maria Lucia Azevedo, Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni, and Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. "Biosolids and heavy metals in soils." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 4 (December 2003): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000400029.
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The application of sewage sludge or biosolids on soils has been widespread in agricultural areas. However, depending on their characteristics, they may cause increase in heavy metal concentration of treated soils. In general, domestic biosolids have lower heavy metal contents than industrial ones. Origin and treatment method of biosolids may markedly influence their characteristics. The legislation that controls the levels of heavy metal contents in biosolids and the maximum concentrations in soils is still controversial. In the long-term, heavy metal behavior after the and of biosolid application is still unknown. In soils, heavy metals may be adsorbed via specific or non-specific adsorption reactions. Iron oxides and organic matter are the most important soil constituents retaining heavy metals. The pH, CEC and the presence of competing ions also affect heavy metal adsorption and speciation in soils. In solution, heavy metals can be present either as free-ions or complexed with organic and inorganic ligands. Generally, free-ions are more relevant in environmental pollution studies since they are readily bioavailable. Some computer models can estimate heavy metal activity in solution and their ionic speciation. Thermodynamic data (thermodynamic stability constant), total metal and ligand concentrations are used by the GEOCHEM-PC program. This program allows studying heavy metal behavior in solution and the effect of changes in the conditions, such as pH and ionic strength and the application of organic and inorganic ligands caused by soil fertilization.
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Zega, Fakta Ideal, Rini Selly, and Moondra Zubir. "Review of Adsorption of Fe Metal by Activated Carbon Adsorbent." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 4, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v4i2.27600.
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Many researchers have used activated carbon as adsorbents for the adsorption heavy metal. The aim of present study was to investigate the adsorption properties of activated carbon for the removal of Fe metal. A research has been conducted to determine optimal of stirring time, stirring speed, adsorbent mass and particle size on activated carbon adsorbent in adsorption Fe metal. From the literature survey that increase in stirring time, stirring speed and adsorbent mass enhancing the removal of Fe metal. The results show which is on stirring time 60 minutes, stirring speed 90 radians per minute and adsorbent mass 2 grams have a high adsorption of the heavy metals of iron. Whereas the smaller of particle size enhancing the adsorption of Fe metal. The particle size of 200 mesh is the optimal particle size for adsorption of Fe. Finally, activated carbon showed to be a good potential adsorbent for removing Fe.
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de Castro Alves, Lisandra, Susana Yáñez-Vilar, Yolanda Piñeiro-Redondo, and José Rivas. "Efficient Separation of Heavy Metals by Magnetic Nanostructured Beads." Inorganics 8, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8060040.
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This study reports the ability of magnetic alginate activated carbon (MAAC) beads to remove Cd(II), Hg(II), and Ni(II) from water in a mono-metal and ternary system. The adsorption capacity of the MAAC beads was highest in the mono-metal system. The removal efficiency of such metal ions falls in the range of 20–80% and it followed the order Cd(II) > Ni(II) > Hg(II). The model that best fitted in the ternary system was the Freundlich isotherm, while in the mono-system it was the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum Cd(II), Hg(II), and Ni(II) adsorption capacities calculated from the Freundlich isotherm in the mono-metal system were 7.09, 5.08, and 4.82 (mg/g) (mg/L)1/n, respectively. Lower adsorption capacity was observed in the ternary system due to the competition of metal ions for available adsorption sites. Desorption and reusability experiments demonstrated the MAAC beads could be used for at least five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. These findings suggest the practical use of the MAAC beads as efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.
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Han, Mengxuan, Huan Yang, Na Ding, Shaohong You, and Guo Yu. "The role of plant-associated bacteria in the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104006.
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Soil heavy metal pollution is an important environmental problem threatening people’s health and sustainable economic development. Phytoremediation has become an important technology for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil with the characteristics of economy and environmental protection. This paper mainly analyzed the role of microbial community in heavy metal contaminated soil remediation process. Bacterias mainly strengthen the remediation effect of plants on heavy metal contaminated soil in two ways: first, bacterias have adsorption effect on heavy metals and reduce the toxicity of heavy metals to plants in soil; Two is to secrete organic acids and nutrients needed for plant growth to promote the absorption of heavy metals by hyperaccumulators.
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Kordialik-Bogacka, Edyta. "Surface properties of yeast cells during heavy metal biosorption." Open Chemistry 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0008-8.
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AbstractProperties of metal solution, environmental conditions and the type of biomaterials (microorganism genus, species or even strain) influence the mechanism of metal biosorption and consequently metal adsorption capacity, affinity and specificity. Cell surface properties determine the metal-microorganism interactions to a large extent. In this work the relationship between yeast surface properties and yeast’s ability to bind cadmium, lead and copper was studied. Surface charge and hydrophobicity before and after biosorption were determined using dye retention and solvent partition assays, respectively. There were differences in the surface charge and relative hydrophobicity among different yeast strains. A higher metal adsorption capacity for more negatively charged yeast cells was observed. Biosorption of heavy metals resulted in modifications to the surface charge and hydrophobicity of yeast cells. However, there were not statistically significant changes in the yeast surface charge and hydrophobicity after binding of heavy metals depending on the nature of the metal, initial metal concentration and solution pH.
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Ezzeddine, Zeinab, Batoul Solh, and Hussein Hamad. "Heavy metals removal by thiol modified oak charcoal: Adsorption efficiency and selectivity." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp227-235.
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<p>Herein, the removal of heavy metals on thiol modified oak charcoal was investigated. The modified charcoal was characterized by X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Then, its adsorption efficiency for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ from water was tested. The effects of several conditions on metals adsorption were investigated such as contact time, pH, electrolytes and the initial metal ions concentration. The adsorption capacities were high (197, 250 and 214 mg g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ respectively). The selectivity was also dependent on the metal ions nature and the functional group used. The mechanism of adsorption is complex where several types of interaction between metal ions and the adsorbent surface are involved.</p>
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Xue, Xiao Ming, Hai Tao Guo, Hong Tao Wang, and Sheng Bin Zhuang. "Study on Pore Diameter Regulation of Thiol Functionalized Mesoporous Silica and Cu2+ Adsorption Performance." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.319.
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New thiol modified mesoporous adsorbent with different pore sizes was synthesized by hydrothermal, with triblock copolymers pluronic (F127) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMABr) functioned as the mixing template, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) functioned as pore-expanding agent. Adsorption performance of different pore sized mesoporous adsorbents was studied by treatment of Heavy metal Cu2+. Results showed that the optimum dosage was molar ratio of 1.5 between TMB and surfactant, and under that condition, the BET pore size was 6.554 nm and BET pore volume was 0.6134cm3/g. The adsorption of Cu2+ on mesoporous adsorbents fitted well to Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation, which indicated chemisorption was dominant in the process of heavy metal adsorption on the mesoporous adsorption and monomolecular layer adsorption took advantage. According to Langmuir equation, QL was 0.6210 mmol/g, and that demonstrated pore-expanding treatment could not only enlarge pore volume and diameter, but also effectively increase the contact area with heavy metals. Pore-expanded functionalized mesoporous silica could act as the optimal adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption.
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Boriskov, Dmitry, Sanya Efremova, Nadezhda Komarova, Elena Tikhomirova, and Aleksey Bodrov. "Applicability of the modified diatomite for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701052.
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The paper studies various modifications of diatomite, aiming at creating sorbents for wastewater purification from heavy metal ions. Diatomite of the Akhmatovskoe deposit of the Penza region was considered as a raw material. The processes of physical and chemical modification of diatomite were investigated. Adsorption isotherms were constructed, quantitative characteristics of adsorption of copper ions on the surface of modified sorbents were obtained. A chemical modification (acidic and alkaline) is proposed, which results in an increased adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. The applicability of diatomite for the purification of highly concentrated wastewater containing heavy metals is shown.
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Gunawardana, Chandima, Ashantha Goonetilleke, and Prasanna Egodawatta. "Adsorption of heavy metals by road deposited solids." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (June 1, 2013): 2622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.171.
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The research study discussed in the paper investigated the adsorption/desorption behaviour of heavy metals commonly deposited on urban road surfaces, namely, Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb, for different particle size ranges of solids. The study outcomes, based on field studies and batch experiments, confirmed that road deposited solids particles contain a significantly high amount of vacant charge sites with the potential to adsorb additional heavy metals. Kinetic studies and adsorption experiments indicated that Cr is the most preferred metal element to associate with solids due to the relatively high electronegativity and high charge density of trivalent cation (Cr3+). However, the relatively low availability of Cr in the urban road environment could influence this behaviour. Comparing total adsorbed metals present in solids particles, it was found that Zn has the highest capacity for adsorption to solids. Desorption experiments confirmed that a low concentration of Cu, Cr and Pb in solids was present in water-soluble and exchangeable form, whilst a significant fraction of adsorbed Zn has a high likelihood of being released back into solution. Among heavy metals, Zn is considered to be the most commonly available metal among road surface pollutants.
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Meng, Guan Hua, Bao He Liu, Yu Ling Wu, and Jun Zhang. "Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Salicylic Acid Modified Hypercrosslinked Polymer Toward 4-Chloro-Phenol and Heavy Metals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.158.
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To explore the possibility of simultaneously adsorptive treating polluted water containing both organics and heavy metals, multifunctional polymeric resin NDA-1500 was prepared through chemically modification of chloromated polystyrene with salicylic acid. The FT-IR, BET surface area measurements and sodium capacity measurement were applied to characterize the properties of NDA-1500. The adsorption properties toward 4-chloro-phenol and heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions were studied respectively. The adsorption data of the NDA-1500 toward 4-chloro-phenol fit well with Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of NDA-1500 toward 4-chloro-phenol was higher than that of unmodified NDA-150 and adsorption capacity decreased with increase of temperature suggesting the exothermic process. The removal efficiencies of metal ions by NDA-1500 were also 2-3 times higher than that of NDA-150 and the metals were recovered completely with 0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid.
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Yu, Xiao Hong, Zhen Xin Gu, Rong Shao, Hong Xing Chen, Xiang Jin Wu, and Wei Xu. "Study on Adsorbing Chromium(VI) Ions in Wastewater by Aureobacidium pullulans Secretion of Melanin." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1378.
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Heavy water is a class of highly contaminated waste water, even if the concentration is small, it can cause harm, and the toxicity is long-term sustainability.In this paper, Aureobasidium pullulans secretion of melanin were used for adsorption of Cr6+ ions in waste water.Aureobasidium pullulans strain were activated, cultured for seed and fermented, so that secreted melanin. The Aureobasidium pullulans secretion of melanin were made of dry cell, four factors such as pH, time, amount of bacteria,temperature and three level orthogonal experimental made for adsorption of chromium metal.Results showed, adsorption of chromium metal by dry cells for the best conditions: control temperature 30 , pH 3, the adsorption time was 2 hours, the absorption rate was 27%; and reached the four factors on the adsorption of Cr6+ for Aureobasidium pullulans followed the order: pH> bacteria amount> of time> temperature. In the best adsorption conditions were wet cell assay for adsorption of chromium metal. With 4% (V/V) hydrogen peroxide of 0.01ml/mg bleaching for the dry and wet cell, then for its adsorption of chrome metal. The results showed that the order of effect on adsorption of heavey metal ions by Aureobasidium were: the dry cells secretion of melanin> the wet cells secretion of melanin > decolorized dry cells> decolorized wet cells. It showed that adsorption ability of heavy metals by Aureobasidium pullulans was related to its secretion of melanin.
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Yıldız Yiğit, Merve, Esra Sultan Baran, and Çiğdem Kıvılcımdan Moral. "A polymer – zeolite composite for mixed metal removal from aqueous solution." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 5 (February 10, 2021): 1152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.057.
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Abstract Heavy metals become inevitable pollutants that are toxic to life. Lots of treatment methods are available; adsorption is a cheap option. Metals are mostly found as mixtures in wastewaters. Taking this into account, a natural composite adsorbent aims to remove multiple heavy metals (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+). Alginate was combined with clinoptilolite to form alginate – clinoptilolite (A–C) beads. First, factors influencing the removal efficiency of metals were investigated. Then, continuous column experiments were performed to evaluate the real application potential of the adsorbent. A–C beads preferably adsorbed Pb2+. Batch experiments showed metal uptake reached equilibrium after 24 hours and kinetics were compatible with the first-order. Also, pH values near neutral levels were observed to increase heavy metal removal. On the other hand, adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir model for Cu2+ and Cd2+ and by the Freundlich model for Pb2+. The highest heavy metal uptake was calculated as 2,145 mg /g A–C beads for Pb2+. Continuous column operations were suggested to apply low flow rates (<2 mL/min) and heavy metal concentration (<10 mg/L) for effectiveness. A–C beads can be a good candidate for mixed heavy metal removal composed of environmentally friendly and low-cost materials.
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Klučáková, Martina, and Marcela Pavlíková. "Lignitic Humic Acids as Environmentally-Friendly Adsorbent for Heavy Metals." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7169019.
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Humic acids are a part of humus material, are abundant in nature, and form a substantial pool of natural organic matter. They participate in the transport of both beneficial and harmful species. Due to their structure and properties, they can interact with metal ions and, with them, form relatively stable complexes. These substances are thus responsible for the so-called self-cleaning ability of soils. Lignite as a young coal type contains a relatively high amount of humic acids which can be used as an environmentally-friendly adsorbent for heavy metals. In this work, we compared the adsorption of single Cu2+ions with the simultaneous adsorption of several different metal ions (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+). The adsorption efficiency of humic acids was very high, almost 100% in the case of the single adsorption of Cu2+ions and more than 90% for the adsorption from the mixture of metal ions. The stability of formed complexes, considered on the basis of the leaching in different extraction agents, was higher than 80%; only 9–18% was in the mobile phase. After adsorption, metal ions are contained in humic acids after adsorption in mainly strongly bonded form (60–73%) and can be liberated from their structure only in low amounts.
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Yu, Guo, Xinshuai Wang, Jie Liu, Pingping Jiang, Shaohong You, Na Ding, Qianjun Guo, and Fanyu Lin. "Applications of Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Soil: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020713.
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Heavy metals are toxic and non-biodegradable environmental contaminants that seriously threaten human health. The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water and soil is an urgent issue from both environmental and biological points of view. Recently, nanomaterials with excellent adsorption capacities, great chemical reactivity, active atomicity, and environmentally friendly performance have attracted widespread interest as potential adsorbents for heavy metal removal. This review first introduces the application of nanomaterials for removing heavy metal ions from the environment. Then, the environmental factors affecting the adsorption of nanomaterials, their toxicity, and environmental risks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of applying nanomaterials in environmental remediation are discussed, which can provide perspectives for future in-depth studies and applications.
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Wu, Chang Nian, Yu Chao Tang, and Li Hua Tang. "Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater Using Zeolite from Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2736.
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Coal fly ash (CFA) was modified by hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solutions for zeolite synthesis. The XRD patterns of zeolite and coal fly ash are presented. The synthesized zeolite was investigated for adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. It was shown that fly ash and the modified forms could effectively absorb heavy metals. The adsorption isotherm could be described by Freundlich isotherm equations. The pseudo second-order kinetics would be better for fitting the dynamic adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+.
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Yusoff, Abdul Hafidz, Rosmawani Mohammad, Mardawani Mohamad, Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman, Nurul Akmar Che Zaudin, Nursyahida Rosmadi, Fakihin Aqsa, Mahani Yusoff, and Pao Ter Teo. "Potential of Agricultural Waste Material (Ananas cosmos) as Biosorbent for Heavy Metal Removal in Polluted Water." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.489.
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Conventional methods to remove heavy metals from polluted water are expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the potential of agricultural waste such as pineapple peel (Ananas Cosmos) as low-cost absorbent to remove heavy metals from synthetic polluted water. The results showed that Cd, Cr and Pb were effectively removed by the biosorbent at 12g of pineapple peels in 100 mL solution. The optimum contact time for maximum adsorption was found to be 90 minutes, while the optimum pH for the heavy metal’s adsorption was 9. It was demonstrated that with the increase of adsorbent dosage, the percent of heavy metals removal was also increased due to the increasing adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. In addition, Langmuir model show maximum adsorption capacity of Cd is 1.91 mg/g. As conclusions, our findings show that pineapple peel has potential to remove heavy metal from polluted water.
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Xia, Mengdan, Zhixin Chen, Yao Li, Chuanhua Li, Nasir M. Ahmad, Waqas A. Cheema, and Shenmin Zhu. "Removal of Hg(ii) in aqueous solutions through physical and chemical adsorption principles." RSC Advances 9, no. 36 (2019): 20941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01924c.
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Desta, Mulu Berhe. "Batch Sorption Experiments: Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Studies for the Adsorption of Textile Metal Ions onto Teff Straw (Eragrostis tef) Agricultural Waste." Journal of Thermodynamics 2013 (September 17, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/375830.
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Adsorption of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) onto Activated Teff Straw (ATS) has been studied using batch-adsorption techniques. This study was carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the low-cost adsorbent ATS for the removal of heavy metals from textile effluents. The influence of contact time, pH, Temperature, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was also studied. Results revealed that adsorption rate initially increased rapidly, and the optimal removal efficiency was reached within about 1 hour. Further increase in contact time did not show significant change in equilibrium concentration; that is, the adsorption phase reached equilibrium. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by the Langmuir model. The value in the present investigation was less than one, indicating that the adsorption of the metal ion onto ATS is favorable. After treatment with ATS the levels of heavy metals were observed to decrease by 88% (Ni), 82.9% (Cd), 81.5% (Cu), 74.5% (Cr), and 68.9% (Pb). Results indicate that the freely abundant, locally available, low-cost adsorbent, Teff straw can be treated as economically viable for the removal of metal ions from textile effluents.
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Alalwan, Hayder A., Mohammed A. Kadhom, and Alaa H. Alminshid. "Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural byproducts." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.133.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The use of agricultural waste to remove heavy metals from wastewater has attracted much attention due to its economic advantages and high removal efficiency which is attributed to different functional groups. The sorption mechanism of biomass can consist of several steps including chemisorption, complexation, adsorption on surface, diffusion through pores, and ion exchange. Heavy metals were removed in different rates depending on the adsorbent and metal itself. For instance, coconut waste showed adsorption capacities of 263 and 285 mg/g in removing lead and cadmium ions, respectively. Also, black oak bark has adsorbed mercury in an adsorption capacity of 400 mg/g, while wheat brans adsorption capacity for chromium was 310 mg/g. The adsorption capacity is commonly calculated by Lagergren's first-order equation, the Redlich Peterson model, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model. However, Langmuir and Freundlich models were intensively used to calculate the adsorbed amount by a unit weight of solid sorbents. This review article aims to present the recently available information on utilizing the biomass materials for heavy metals removal. Here, we highlight the increasing use of these materials due to their low cost, regeneration ability, high adsorption efficiency, and small chemical or biological sludge with a possibility of metal recovery.