Journal articles: 'Heavy metal, fertilizer'

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Silva, Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da, Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento, Caroline Miranda Biondi, and Welka Preston. "Comparison of digestion methods to determine heavy metals in fertilizers." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 2 (April 2014): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000200029.

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The lack of a standard method to regulate heavy metal determination in Brazilian fertilizers and the subsequent use of several digestion methods have produced variations in the results, hampering interpretation. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three digestion methods for determination of metals such as Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr in fertilizers. Samples of 45 fertilizers marketed in northeastern Brazil were used. A fertilizer sample with heavy metal contents certified by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was used as control. The following fertilizers were tested: rock phosphate; organo-mineral fertilizer with rock phosphate; single superphosphate; triple superphosphate; mixed N-P-K fertilizer; and fertilizer with micronutrients. The substances were digested according to the method recommended by the Ministry for Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil (MAPA) and by the two methods 3051A and 3052 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). By the USEPA method 3052, higher portions of the less soluble metals such as Ni and Pb were recovered, indicating that the conventional digestion methods for fertilizers underestimate the total amount of these elements. The results of the USEPA method 3051A were very similar to those of the method currently used in Brazil (Brasil, 2006). The latter is preferable, in view of the lower cost requirement for acids, a shorter digestion period and greater reproducibility.

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Addisu, Melkamu T., and Adugna M. Bikila. "Heavy metal resistance properties of bacteria from different soil types in Horo Guduru Wollega, Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Reports 5, no. 11 (October 19, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20194647.

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Background: The quality of life on earth is linked inseparably to the overall quality of the environment. Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to its potential adverse ecological effects. The study explored the heavy metals resistance properties of bacteria isolated from fertilizer applied agricultural and non-agricultural soils.Methods: The soil samples were collected from both fertilizer applied agricultural soils and non-agricultural soils. After identification and characterization of the isolates from both soil types, six (6) similar bacterial isolates were selected to screen for resistance against Cobalt (Co+), Lead (Pb2+), Cromium (Cr+3), Mercury (Hg2+), Nickel (Ni2+), Cadmium (Cd2+) and Zinc (Zn2+) heavy metals. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacterial isolates were determined by gradually increasing the concentration of heavy metals on agar plates until the isolates failed to show growth. Results: The isolates from fertilizer applied agricultural soil showed the highest resistance against the selected heavy metals than those isolated from fertilizers not applied (nonagricultural) soils.Conclusions: From this result it can be seen that fertilizer has significant role in influencing the heavy metal resistance properties of bacteria and these heavy metal resistant bacteria can be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated environment.

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Pushpakumara, T. D. C., and W. G. T. Sandakelum. "Heavy Metal Potential of Domestic Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge." International Journal of Advanced Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 4, no. 1 (July 17, 2021): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijaaeee.503.

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The use of sludge as fertilizers helps to the recycling of nutrients to the environment due to its beginning from wastewater and therefore relatively high content of nutrients and organic matter. However, wastewater does also contain hazardous compounds like heavy metals and micro pollutants which eventually are separated to the sludge during the treatment processes at the wastewater treatment plant. In order to improve the sludge quality, source tracking is a relatively cheap and effective way to find and eliminate hazardous compounds and prevent them from ending up in the sludge. The aim with this thesis was to investigate the fertilizer potential in sludge from wastewater treatment plant. The sludge is analyzed in terms of nutrient and heavy metal contents as well as physiochemical parameters. In order to determine the potential as fertilizer, the quality of the sludge is compared with other fertilizer alternatives, other sludge types and regulations for sludge use in agriculture. The work with sludge quality improvements in Gaborone is also investigated. Sludge from different stages along the treatment processes were collected in order to see differences in quality related to the treatment. The results shows that the samples of primary an aerobically treated sludge tend to have higher heavy metal content than the secondary sludge. The quality of the dry sludge samples indicates lower nutrient content than both the primary and secondary sludge, but similar heavy metal content. The analysis of dry sludge from indicates a low nutrient value and high heavy metal content in comparison to other selected fertilizer options and sludge from other. The processes for removal of nutrients from the wastewater are an important factor for the nutrient content in the sludge. Keywords wastewater; fertilizers; nutrients; sludge treatment

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Zhang, Jiachao, Yuewei He, Yingchun Fang, Keqi Zhao, Nanyi Wang, Yaoyu Zhou, Lin Luo, and Yuan Yang. "Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microbial Community in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil under Silicon Fertilizer and Biochar Remediation." Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9964562.

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Silicon fertilizer and biochar have been widely used to remediate soil contaminated by heavy metals. The effects and mechanism of silicon fertilizer and biochar addition on the heavy metal availability, soil biological properties, and microbial community characteristics need further study in soils contaminated by heavy metals. Therefore, this research determined how silicon fertilizer, biochar, and their combined using affected microbial communities related with nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. The abundance and composition of the microbial community were evaluated by quantitative PCR and phospholipid fatty acid analysis, respectively. Results showed that silicon fertilizer and biochar addition significantly changed soil properties, including pH, total organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate. The Cd and Zn speciation were significantly reduced by silicon fertilizer, biochar, and their integrated application. Microbial community abundance and structure were also significantly changed. Principal component analysis shows that the difference in soil microbial community structure is the most obvious under the combined addition of biochar, silicon fertilizer and biochar. In addition, the results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that with biological addition, the number of soil bacteria was significantly reduced. This study reveals the influence of silicon fertilizer and biochar on bacterial and fungal communities in heavy metal soils and the effect of soil heavy metal availability.

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Modaihsh, A. S., M. S. AI-Swailem, and M. O. Mahjoub. "Heavy Metals Content of Commercial Inorganic Fertilizers Used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol9iss1pp21-25.

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In recent years much concern has been given to toxic heavy metals, which enter the human food chain. Application of inorganic fertilizers is considered one of the potential routes of such entry, in this work 74 samples of commercial fertilizers marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were analyzed for their heavy metal concentrations. Fertilizer samples included 20 samples of phosphatic fertilizers [monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP)], 11 samples of liquid fertilizers. 31 samples of water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF) and 12 samples of solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF). Concentrations of heavy metals varied according to the type of fertilizer and the tested metal; Cr levels were the highest and Co was the lowest. Results revealed that Cd ranged from < l to 36.8 mg.kg-1, with a median of 33.2 mg.kg-1 for the phosphatic fertilizers, 9.5 mg.kg-1 for the liquid fertilizers, 19.7 for the SMNF, and 2.9 mg.kg-1 for the WSMF. The median values of Pb, Ni, Co and Cr in the phosphatic fertilizers were 14.3, 72.1, 1 1.8 and 249.3 mg.kg-1, respectively. However, the corresponding median values of these elements, in the liquid fertilizers, were 9.9, 15.6, 11.2 and 64.0 mg.kg-1 and 15.3, 43.0, 12.5 and 170.7 mg.kg-1 in the SMNF. The median contents of three heavy metals in the WSMF samples were 9.8 mg.kg-1 for Pb, 5.6 mg.kg-1 for Co. and 7.4 mg.kg-1 for Ni. The Cd. Co. Cr and Ni concentrations were lower than the tolerance limits for heavy metal addition (Cd 100 mg.kg-1, Cr, 100 mg.kg-1 and Ni, 50 mg.kg-1), and they were in a range similar to those found internationally. It is estimated that the application of an average dose of 80 kg P ha-1 annually in Saudi Arabia, contributes 13 g of Cd ha-1 to the soil.

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Pradika, Visnu, Mohammad Masykuri, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Farmer Awareness to the Dangers of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) Pollution due to Over-Fertilization in Sragen Regency Central Java." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 34, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v34i1.27222.

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P fertilization can add Cd metal content to agricultural land because the raw material for making P fertilizer comes from phosphate rock which naturally contains Cd metal. Farmers assume that by providing fertilizers with high doses can provide maximum results. Community’s knowledge of heavy metals in the environment is still low. This study aims to examine the awareness of farmers in Sragen Regency Central Java to the potential of heavy metal pollution that occurs. This research was conducted from July to December 2017. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive research using a questionnaire with the number of respondents amounting to 10% of the number of farmers, namely 30 farmers. The results show that about 61.11% of the community doesn’t understand that the presence of heavy metals in the environment can cause many problems. About 60% of the community doesn’t understand that the inorganic fertilizers commonly used by them contain heavy metals (especially Cd metal). People unaware of heavy metal pollution due to over-fertilization is 65.01%. Although the community's knowledge and awareness of heavy metals are still low, the community awareness about environmentally friendly agriculture is high (61.33%). About 53.34% of the community doesn’t know that their behavior in using inorganic fertilizers in the long term will increase the accumulation of Cd metal in agricultural land and rice plant tissue. About 70% of the community doesn’t know that agricultural land that is used continuously to plant (without interspersed with non-paddy crops) will cause land degradation.

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Parameswari, E., V. Davamani, S. Arulmani, and A. Rathinasami. "Soil degradation due to heavy metal accumulation under long term fertilization of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.397.

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Long term fertility experiment (LTFE) under double rice cropping system was investigated in Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India with two varieties (ADT 43 and ADT 45) in two seasons (Kharif and Rabi) under six fertilizer treatments to study the heavy metal accumulation in soil and its impact on paddy. There was a significant variation in physico-chemical properties of soil due to different fertilizer treatments. The surface soil (0-15cm soil depth) in all the treatments showed relatively higher heavy metal accumulation than subsurface. In thelong run, there was a build up in the total heavy metal content in soil and it was found to be relatively high in phosphatic fertilizer applied treatments than others. Total Cd and Pb was found high, but the availability was below detectable limit indicated that Cd and Pb were found in unavailable forms, while Cu and Zn were slightly in mobile forms which had been translocated into grain and straw of paddy. The DTPA (Diphenyl Triamine Penta Aceticacid) extractable Cd and Pb in the soil was low, but there was heavy increase in Cu and Zn comparing with initial period. The rate of increase in Cd and Pb content was lower in N alone and control plots. This might be due to the long term application of phosphotic and zinc sulphate fertilizers. Cd and Pb were evenly distributed at low concentrations in grain and straw under various treatments. In case of Cu and Zn, it was relatively higher in grains and paddy strawamong various fertilizer treatments. There was no significant difference among the varietal (seasons) treatments for the accumulation of heavy metals in grain and straw.

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., Sudaryono. "PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DAN TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.)TERHADAP PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb) PADA LAHAN BERPASIR." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i2.1212.

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In general, coastal areas have the physical and chemical properties of lessfertile land with an extreme dry climate, so that only a few plants that can live,including Jatropha curcas L. To enhance fertility and improve soil physicalproperties, need the addition of organic fertilizer. Source of compost canbe derived from a variety of wastes, including household waste and landfill.Quality compost landfill taken from Piyungan, Yogyakarta, has a high content of organic C, pH neutral, low N concentration, with the ratio C/N is very high. But compost landfill has an obstacle in the form of heavy metal containing high Cu and Pb. To prevent accumulation heavy metals into plant tissue or clean up heavy metals from the soil it was attempted by phytoremediation using jatropha plantation and bio-fertilizer that contains bacteria Azotobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp.From the research results can be informed that: (1) The city compost and biological fertilizers, can increase soil fertility with increasing nutrient content in soil. (2) Biofertilizers could inhibit the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) into Jatropha curcas L., (3)Jatropha plant can be classified as phytoremediation plants, because it can absorption heavy metals into leaf tissue.Key words: landfill compost , bio fertilizer, jatropha plants, heavy metals

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Xi, Zengfu, Yunhong Xu, Baoguo Ma, and Shuji Wang. "Evolution of heavy metal contents in the soil of protected vegetable fields and its environmental quality evaluation in Yongnian county of Hebei province in China." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-035.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the contents of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil of vegetable production bases in the Yongnian County of Hebei Province by random sampling. Design/methodology/approach The environmental quality conditions of these heavy metals were evaluated by both the single quality index and comprehensive quality index methods. Findings It was concluded that the average heavy metal contents in the soil of protected vegetable fields in the Yongnian County are all under the limit values prescribed by the environmental quality evaluation standard for farmland of greenhouse vegetables production (2007), so the soil’s environmental quality is classified as first class regarding cleanliness. It is fit for the plantation of non-polluted vegetables. It is shown that there is a cumulative trend of heavy metal contents in the soil with age after analysis of a correlation coefficient between heavy metal contents and age in Yongnian’s protected fields and excessive application of fertilizers or organic fertilizers, which is the main factor leading to an increase in heavy metal contents in the soil. Originality/value It is suggested that the amount of fertilizer should be properly reduced to prevent the soil’s environmental deterioration, the vegetable planting structure should be improved and the vegetables grown in areas with weaker accumulation of heavy metals should be cultivated.

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Lv, Wen Lin, Jun Wu, Shu Zhen Gou, Gang Yang, Lei Wang, and Jiao Chen. "The Research of Biogas Slurry on Yield and Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3142.

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In this paper, throng studying effect of biogas slurry of different fertilizer rates on wheat yield and some biological traits, found that environmental conditions in the purple, biogas slurry application rate was 3500kg/667m2, wheat yield was maximum; And heavy metals Content in wheat grain would increase with the increasing of biogas slurry application rate, However, compared with conventional chemical fertilizers, the difference was not significant, biogas slurry agricultural would not cause food heavy metal pollution, Wheat planted was in line with food hygiene standards.

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Obuseng, L. C. "The potential for heavy metal pollution in crops from urban and peri urban horticultural farms in the Gaborone environs: a review." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.10.

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The introduction of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is usually characterized by high input intensity. This intensive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, wastewater, sludges and industrial effluents may lead to accumulation of potentially toxic metals in the soil, increasing the geological background levels and exceeding the capacity to immobilize them. Besides being environmental pollutants of which the toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological reasons, heavy metal accumulation in the food chain is highly dangerous for human health. The objective of this review was to highlight the potential problems that may arise as a consequence of irrigating crops with sewage water as well as using fertilizers and pesticides. A review of literature has shown that different types of fertilizers contain some quantities of heavy metals that may buildup in the soil as well as be taken up by crops. In addition to using fertilizers, the use of treated and sometimes partially treated and untreated water by UPA farmers around Gaborone may lead to heavy metal accumulation in soil as well as in crops, posing a danger to human beings. In Botswana there is limited information concerning heavy metal accumulation in soils even though there is a high use of agrochemicals in vegetable production in UPA land use systems. Lack of such information necessitates research on the impact of the application of fertilizer, sewage water (treated and untreated) and metal-based pesticides on the quality of the vegetable produce coming from UPA.

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Cheng, Shu Fen, Jyh Woei Chen, Hui Min Yen, Chin Yuan Huang, Tsung Chieh Cheng, Jia Rong Chen, and Chi Ying Lai. "Characteristics and Reuse Potential as Fertilizer Based on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Domestic Wastewater Biosolids (Taiwan)." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.374.

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Use of biosolid as fertilizer, soil conditioner and soil additive has been promoted in the US, Europe and Japan for some time. However, heavy metals of high concentrations contained in the sewage biosolid may through plant absorption and food chain seriously affect human health and contaminate the soil if the sludge is used directly as fertilizer or soil conditioner. Numerous studies have been conducted on the correlation between biosolid heavy contents and bioavailability. In Taiwan, there is no integral data on concentrations and characteristics of heavy metals contained in biosolids that supports the re-use of biosolid as fertilizer. Hence, the feasibility of re-using biosolid has not be implemented and promoted. In this research, six representative wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan have been selected for collecting biosolid samples in order to understand the concentrations and characteristics of heavy metals contained in biosolids so that the feasibility of re-using these biosolids can then be evaluated. The analysis results reveal that the biosolids collected from the six wastewater treatment sludge contains Cd has the greatest concentration differences among sample collected from different wastewater treatment plants with 130.6 % difference followed by As (90.2 % difference), and Ni (71.3 % difference). Cadmium contained in Fu-Tien wastewater treatment plant sludge has the greatest difference at different sample times with 58.7% difference; nickel is the next with 47.2 % difference. When the distribution of metal bond fraction is concerned, copper, lead, cadmium and zinc show little difference; copper exists primarily in organic bond fraction, lead in residual fraction, cadmium in residual fraction and organic bond fraction, zinc in Fe/Mn-oxide bond fraction. When reused as fertilizer, the biosolid that contains cadmium, nickel and zinc could exceed the limitations. It can be rinsed in 1 M HCl solution to effective reduce its heavy metal contents to meet the minimum standards for reuse as fertilizer in soil.

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Utami, Sari Widya, Roy Aries Permana Tarigan, and Betti Widianingsih. "Characterization of Micronutrients and Heavy Metal Content in Organic Fertilizer Made From Fly Ash and Organic Waste." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2019.v24i1.11-16.

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The production of electrical energy from burning of coal produced large amounts of fly ash waste. Fly ash had the potential to be used as soil ameliorant material because it has a very fine size. The purpose of the research was to to develop a new alternative organic fertilizer and to find out the contents of micronutrients and heavy metal on organic fertilizer with fly ash matterials. The research was conducted by composting some organic matterials that consisted of fly ash, poultry manure, peanute litter, dusk of ripsaw and "Ares" of banana stalk in some comparisons. The selection of the the best organic fertilizer based on the ranking method. The result of this research showed that the selected organic fertilizer was fertilizer that given 10% of fly ash. The micronutrientss content of the organic fertilizer was low for Cu, Mn and Zn element but the Fe element was high. The heavy metals content of the fertilizer was low for As, Cd, Hg and Pb.

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Feng, Xiuwei, Xiaowei Cui, Xinxin Li, Xiaoyong Yang, Shouqing Ni, Hongyu Si, and Zhaojie Cui. "Phytoremediation of Multi-Metal Contaminated Soil in Iron-Steel Industrial Area with Solanum nigrum L. and Optimized Amendments." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1983.

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The soils in abandoned iron-steel industries contained high concentrations of heavy metals, which adversely affected the environmental quality. In this study, a greenhouse orthogonal (L16) experiment was conducted to investigate the optimal ratio of organic fertilizer, biochar, Maifan stone, attapulgite and phosphate fertilizer assisted with S. nigrum L., aimed to reach the maximum phytoremediation effects. T17 (organic fertilizer:biochar:Maifan stone:attapulgite:phosphate fertilizer = 2:2:2:1:2) was recommended as the optimum chemical proportions of the amendments. The results showed that after the application of amendments, the length and fresh weight of plants increased significantly, the accumulation of heavy metals in plant roots increased, and the transfer to the shoots decreased. The effective fractions of Pb, Zn and Cd were immobilized. The removal rates of heavy metals were the highest after adding the soil amendments in T17, and by the following of Zn (44.0%) > Cd (39.5%) > Pb (36.7%). In conclusion, it was shown that the results of metal phytostabilization can be significantly improved by the synergistic effect of S. nigrum L. and amendments, especially in T17 treatment.

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Atafar, Zahra, Alireza Mesdaghinia, Jafar Nouri, Mehdi Homaee, Masoud Yunesian, Mehdi Ahmadimoghaddam, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 160, no. 1-4 (December 5, 2008): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0659-x.

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Zhang, Zhi Min. "Treatment of Excess Sludge Containing Heavy Metal by Chemical Ways." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.507.

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The concentration of heavy metals in excess sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants has restricted its convertion to soil fertilizer, so it is necessary to remove the heavy metals from sludge. In this article, the effects of heavy metal removal by some mineral acids such as HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3 were analysed, when treating excess sludge from a second sediment tank in municipal wastewater treatment plants. To improve the treatment, a combination of H2O2 and acid was also investigated. Consequently, the difference of heavy metal removal among those acids was showed. Its removal of Hg by HNO3 was better than by other acids. Lower pH enhanced the dissolving of heavy metal, yet the removal of Cr was insensitive to the pH. Aided by H2O2, the removal by the acid was enhanced. The suitable dosage of H2O2 was specially related to the solid content of sludge, pH and the acid kind.

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Provolo, Giorgio, Giulia Manuli, Alberto Finzi, Giorgio Lucchini, Elisabetta Riva, and Gian Sacchi. "Effect of Pig and Cattle Slurry Application on Heavy Metal Composition of Maize Grown on Different Soils." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082684.

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Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.

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Bachmaier, Hans, Daniel Kuptz, and Hans Hartmann. "Wood Ashes from Grate-Fired Heat and Power Plants: Evaluation of Nutrient and Heavy Metal Contents." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105482.

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Ashes from biomass heat (and power) plants that apply untreated woody biofuels may be suitable for use as fertilizers if certain requirements regarding pollutant and nutrient contents are met. The aim of this study was to examine if both bottom and cyclone ashes from 17 Bavarian heating plants and one ash collection depot are suitable as fertilizers (n = 50). The range and average values of relevant nutrients and pollutants in the ashes were analyzed and evaluated for conformity with the German Fertilizer Ordinance (DüMV). Approximately 30% of the bottom ashes directly complied with the heavy metal limits of the Fertilizer Ordinance. The limits were exceeded for chromium(VI) (62%), cadmium (12%) and lead (4%). If chromium(VI) could be reduced by suitable treatment, 85% of the bottom ashes would comply with the required limit values. Cyclone ashes were high in cadmium, lead, and zinc. The analysis of the main nutrients showed high values for potassium and calcium in bottom ashes, but also relevant amounts of phosphorus, making them suitable as fertilizers if pollutant limits are met. Quality assurance systems should be applied at biomass heating plants to improve ash quality if wood ashes are used as fertilizers in agriculture.

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Buzatu, Gilda-Diana, and Ana Maria Dodocioiu. "Study of Heavy Metals in the Soils of Two Localities in Dolj County." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0052.

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Abstract The study was conducted in two neighboring localities located in the northern county of Dolj, namely Murgasi and Bulzesti. The purpose of the study was twofold: namely, the study of heavy metal loading in order to identify possible pollution areas and to know the soil content of these localities in heavy metals in order to be able to give the verdict on the use of sludge from Craiova wastewater treatment plant as fertilizer on these soils. In order to determine the suitability of sewage sludge from the Craiova wastewater treatment plant as a fertilizer, physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the soils in these areas were analysed, as well as the chemical composition of sludge, according to Order 344/2004 of the Ministry of Environment and Water Management of Romania, respectively 13 physical and chemical parameters of the soils in these localities and the chemical composition of the sludge and respectively the quantity of heavy metals to be introduced annually into the soil by using it.

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Maqbool, Arosha, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Riaz, Afzal Hussain, Shamaila Noreen, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, and Saad Alkahtani. "N-Fertilizer (Urea) Enhances the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 3850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113850.

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Heavy metal contamination is currently a major environmental concern, as most agricultural land is being polluted from municipal discharge. Among various other pollutants, cadmium (Cd), one of the most harmful heavy metals, enters into the food chain through the irrigation of crops with an industrial effluent. In the present study, a pot experiment was designed to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N)-fertilizer forms in the phytoremediation of Cd through Solanum nigrum L. Two types of N fertilizers (NH4NO3 and urea) were applied to the soil in different ratios (0:0, 100:0, 0:100, and 50:50 of NH4NO3 and urea, individually) along with different Cd levels (0, 25, and 50 mg kg−1). The plants were harvested 70 days after sowing the seeds in pots. Cadmium contamination significantly inhibited the growth of leaves and roots of S. nigrum plants. Cadmium contamination also induced oxidative stress; however, the application of N-fertilizers increased the plant biomass by inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidants’ enzymatic activities. The greatest plant growth was observed in the urea-treated plants compared with the NH4NO3-treated plants. In addition, urea-fed plants also accumulated higher Cd concentrations than NH4NO3-fed plants. It is concluded that urea is helpful for better growth of S. nigrum under Cd stress. Thus, an optimum concentration of N-fertilizers might be effective in the phytoremediation of heavy metals through S. nigrum.

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Zakaria, Zuliana, Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee, Nurul Adillah Mohd Redzuan, Jinap Selamat, Mohd Razi Ismail, Sarva Mangala Praveena, Gergely Tóth, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Understanding Potential Heavy Metal Contamination, Absorption, Translocation and Accumulation in Rice and Human Health Risks." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061070.

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Rice is a worldwide staple food and heavy metal contamination is often reported in rice production. Heavy metal can originate from natural sources or be present through anthropogenic contamination. Therefore, this review summarizes the current status of heavy metal contamination in paddy soil and plants, highlighting the mechanism of uptake, bioaccumulation, and health risk assessment. A scoping search employing Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, Scopus, and Wiley Online was carried out to build up the review using the following keywords: heavy metals, absorption, translocation, accumulation, uptake, biotransformation, rice, and human risk with no restrictions being placed on the year of study. Cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) have been identified as the most prevalent metals in rice cultivation. Mining and irrigation activities are primary sources, but chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage also contribute to heavy metal contamination of paddy soil worldwide. Further to their adverse effect on the paddy ecosystem by reducing the soil fertility and grain yield, heavy metal contamination represents a risk to human health. An in-depth discussion is further offered on health risk assessments by quantitative measurement to identify potential risk towards heavy metal exposure via rice consumption, which consisted of in vitro digestion models through a vital ingestion portion of rice.

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Perera, W. P. R. T., M. D. N. R. Dayananda, D. M. U. C. Dissanayake, R. A. S. D. Rathnasekara, W. S. M. Botheju, J. A. Liyanage, S. K. Weragoda, and K. A. M. Kularathne. "Risk Assessment of Trace Element Contamination in Drinking Water and Agricultural Soil: A Study in Selected Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) Endemic Areas in Sri Lanka." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627254.

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Unexplained or unclear etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKDu) has been reported in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province (NCP) for more than two decades. Meanwhile, high exposure to heavy metals/metalloids and their accumulation are recognized as the origin of many acute and chronic diseases in certain vulnerable human tissues including kidneys. This study evaluates the contamination status of heavy metals/metalloids of the drinking water and agricultural soil in two CKDu endemic areas compared with a reference area in Sri Lanka based on common indexes and attribute of the commonly used fertilizers evaluated to identify the basic sources of toxic metals in the agricultural soil. Mean concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids such as Mn, Co, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe in drinking water of CKDu endemic areas were far below Sri Lankan water quality standards (permissible limits). In addition, all sampling locations dropped below the medium range of the heavy metal pollution index of water (HPI 15–40). Geoaccumulation indexes (Igeo) of soil reveal that paddy soil in CKDu endemic areas is being moderately polluted with toxic metals/metalloids such as As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cd. On the other hand, the application of fertilizers, which contained a high dose of toxic metals, could be the driving force for agricultural soil pollution, and limitless application of low-quality fertilizer would lead to more soil contamination with heavy metals. Hence, hazardous metals can be incorporated into the food chains via contaminated paddy soil.

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Eskandari, Samieh, Ali Mohammadi, Maria Sandberg, Rolf Lutz Eckstein, Kjell Hedberg, and Karin Granström. "Hydrochar-Amended Substrates for Production of Containerized Pine Tree Seedlings under Different Fertilization Regimes." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070350.

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There is a growing body of research that recognizes the potentials of biochar application in agricultural production systems. However, little is known about the effects of biochar, especially hydrochar, on production of containerized seedlings under nursery conditions. This study aimed to test the effects of hydrochar application on growth, quality, nutrient and heavy metal contents, and mycorrhizal association of containerized pine seedlings. The hydrochar used in this study was produced through hydrothermal carbonization of paper mill biosludge at 200 °C. Two forms of hydrochar (powder and pellet) were mixed with peat at ratios of 10% and 20% (v/v) under three levels of applied commercial fertilizer (nil, half and full rates). Application of hydrochar had positive or neutral effects on shoot biomass and stem diameter compared with control seedlings (without hydrochar) under tested fertilizer levels. Analysis of the natural logarithmic response ratios (LnRR) of quality index and nutrient and heavy metal uptake revealed that application of 20% (v/v) hydrochar powder or pellet with 50% fertilizer resulted in same quality pine seedlings with similar heavy metal (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr) and nutrient (P, K, Ca and Mg) contents as untreated seedlings supplied with 100% fertilizer. Colonization percentage by ectomycorrhizae significantly increased when either forms of hydrochar were applied at a rate of 20% under unfertilized condition. The results of this study implied that application of proper rates of hydrochar from biosludge with adjusted levels of liquid fertilizer may reduce fertilizer requirements in pine nurseries.

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Ren, Shixin, Erling Li, Qingqing Deng, Haishan He, and Sijie Li. "Analysis of the Impact of Rural Households’ Behaviors on Heavy Metal Pollution of Arable Soil: Taking Lankao County as an Example." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124368.

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As heavy metal pollution of arable soil is a significant issue concerning the quality of agricultural products and human health, the rural households’ behaviors have a direct impact on heavy metal content in arable soil and its pollution level, but only a few researches have been done at such microscopic scale. Based on 101 field questionnaires of rural households in Lankao County and the monitoring data on heavy metal of arable soil of each rural household, the kind of rural households’ behaviors which impose obvious influence on heavy metal content of arable soil are investigated via single-factor pollution index, Nemerow pollution index and econometric model in this study. The results show that, rural households’ land utilization mode affects heavy metal content in soil, e.g., the degree of heavy metal pollution of soil for intensive planting is higher than that of traditional planting, viz. vegetable greenhouse > garlic land > traditional crop farmland. The management of cultivated land with due scale is beneficial to reducing heavy metal content in soil, that is, the land fragmentation degree is in direct proportion to heavy metal content in soil, so rural households are encouraged to carry out land circulation and combine the patch into a large one. Excess application of fertilizer, pesticide and organic fertilizer will lead to heavy metal pollution of soil, while agricultural technical training organized by government department and the foundation of agricultural cooperative can promote the technical level and degree of organization of rural households and enable them to be more scientific and rational in agrochemicals selection and application, hence reducing or avoiding heavy metal pollution of soil. Single factor pollution level of heavy metal in the soil for planting various crops is different, so it is recommended to prepare various pollution reduction programs for different land types and pollution levels for the harmony and unity of human-nature system.

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Nordin, Andreas, Anna Strandberg, Sana Elbashir, Lars-Erik Åmand, Nils Skoglund, and Anita Pettersson. "Co-Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge and Biomass in a Grate Fired Boiler for Phosphorus Recovery in Bottom Ash." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071708.

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Phosphorus has been identified as a critical element by the European Union and recycling efforts are increasingly common. An important phosphorus-containing waste stream for recycling is municipal sewage sludge (MSS), which is used directly as fertilizer to farmland. However, it contains pollutants such as heavy metals, pharmaceutical residues, polychlorinated bi-phenyls (PCBs) and nano-plastics. The interest in combustion of MSS is continuously growing, as it both reduces the volume as well as destroys the organic materials and could separate certain heavy metals from the produced ashes. This results in ashes with a potential for either direct use as fertilizer or as a suitable feedstock for upgrading processes. The aim of this study was to investigate co-combustion of MSS and biomass to create a phosphorus-rich bottom ash with a low heavy metal content. A laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor in addition to an 8 MWth grate-boiler was used for the experimental work. The concentration of phosphorus and selected heavy metals in the bottom ashes were compared to European Union regulation on fertilizers, ash application to Swedish forests and Swedish regulations on sewage sludge application to farmland. Element concentrations were determined by ICP-AES complemented by analysis of spatial distribution with SEM-EDS and XRD analysis to determine crystalline compounds. The results show that most of the phosphorus was retained in the bottom ash, corresponding to 9–16 wt.% P2O5, while the concentration of cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc was below the limits of the regulations. However, copper, chromium and nickel concentrations exceeded these standards.

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Bai, Jian Feng, Cheng Long Zhang, Jing Wei Wang, Jin Qiu Xu, Yuan Zhou, and Wen Jie Wu. "Environmental Risk and Recoverable Potential Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Sludge from the Industrial Wastewater in China." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.196.

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During the treatment of wastewater from metal production and processing industries, a huge volume of sludge is generated. Sludge from the industrial effluent is usually abandoned or used in agriculture as fertilizer due to the presence of phosphorus, potassium and other inorganic elements, or landfilled. In our work, metals concentration in the sludge from different industries of multi-area, China, was determined and the recoverable potential was assessed. It indicated that the sludge from electroplating, PCB, leather treatment, metal smelter and stainless steel industries was restricted its use as a fertilizer because that the sludge had too high concentration of toxic heavy metals. Meanwhile, it was seen that Ag, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn contents in the sludge from some industries had exceeded the minimum standards of industrial smelting and had the value recycled. It is imperative and beneficial to find a low-cost, environmentally friendly recycling technology to recover the metals in sludge from industrial wastewater.

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Rosariastuti, MMA Retno, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Wiwin Widiastuti. "TEKNOLOGI FITOREMEDIASI UNTUK PENANGANAN PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DI LAHAN PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR." Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah 18, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36762/jurnaljateng.v18i1.804.

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Research aim of heavy metal pollution handling in agricultural land use fitoremediation technologyis to know the effectivity of hemp and mendong plant used and it’s combination with rhizobacterial isolates Agrobacterium sp I3 or organic materials in order to decrease the levels of heavy metal contamination in the soil such as cromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and plumbum (Pb).The research was conducted in Waru Village Kebakkramat Sub-District Karanganyar Regency in 2016. The location is a subdistrict in Karanganuyar Regency whose area has many industries, mainly textile industry.Industrial wastewater in this region is widely used to irrigate rice fields by farmers, so the paddy fields have been polluted by Cr, Cd and Pb.Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the contamination of heavy metals in paddy fields with the selection of environmentally friendly remediation technology, low cost, easy and sustainable.The method of remediation in that category is bioremediation using a plant called phytoremediation.For that required plants that have rapid growth and high metal absorption capability.The character are owned by hemp and mendong plants.Based on previous research obtained Agrobacterium sp I3 rhizobacteria which proved able to increase the uptake of Cromium by hemp plant.The research result showed that hemp and mendong plants can absorb metal either Pb, Cd, or Cr.Based on the amount of metal absorption value in root and plant canopy, hemp plant and mendong shows its ability as hyper akumulator plant (the amount of uptake ≥ 100 ppm).The highest decrease of soil Pb content was 39,406% without treatment of basic fertilizer, with rhizobacterial inoculation Agrobacterium sp I3 and hemp plant.The highest decrease of soil Cd content was 56,604% with treatment with basic fertilizer, with inoculation of rhizobacteria Agrobacterium sp I3 and mendong plant.The highest decrease of Cr content of soil was 42,27% with treatment of basic fertilizer, without inoculation of Agrobacterium sp sp I3 and without hemp and mendong plants.

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Putri, Sileni, Nasoetion Nasoetion, and Muhtadi Muhtadi. "Utilization of Rats Purun (Eleochalists of Dulcis) and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) to Reduce Mercury Level (Hg) With Phytoremediation Method." Science and Environmental Journal for Postgraduate 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/senjop.v2i1.64.

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Metal mercury (Hg), has the chemical name hydragyrum which means liquid. Mercury metal is represented by Hg. In the periodic chemical elements Hg rank (NA) 80 and have atomic weights (BA 200,59). Rat Purun (Eleocharis dulcis) and water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) are plants that are widely found in tidal swamp land. Both plants can be used as organic fertilizer, biofilter, and absorb toxic elements such as heavy metals Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), Sulphate (SO4). This study aims to determine the ability of rat purun plants (Eleochalisdulcis) and water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) in reducing mercury (Hg) levels in water and to determine the effectiveness of rat purun plants (Eleochalisdulcis) and water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) in absorbing mercury Hg. Sample analysis was carried out at the Bandar Lampung Standardization Research Center.The results obtained by rat purun plants (Eleochalisdulcis) can reduce mercury levels (Hg). The effectiveness of reducing heavy metal mercury (Hg) is 97.88%. Water hyacinth plants (Eichhorniacrassipes) have effectiveness in reducing heavy metals mercury (Hg) which is equal to 96.66%.

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Jasiewicz, Czesława, Jacek Antonkiewicz, and Agnieszka Baran. "Assessment of the use of municipal and industrial wastes in agriculture." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0045-4.

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Assessment of the use of municipal and industrial wastes in agriculture Agricultural usability of urban and industrial wastes was investigated in 2004 - 2006 in a pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall. In the first year of the experiment maize was the test plant, oat grass in the second and oat in the third. The experimental design comprised 11 treatments differing with fertilizer and the kind of the supplied fertilizer components. The experiment used: mineral salts, farmyard manure, compost, municipal sewage sludge and industrial sewage sludge in two fertilizer doses. Metal concentrations in the test plants were diminishing in the following direction: oat grass < maize < oat. The lowest concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals were assessed in the plants fertilized with farmyard manure and compost (Zn, Cu). Among the tested plants the highest quantities of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd were removed with the yield of the oat grass, then maize and oat. The highest uptake of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb by plants was registered on a double dose of industrial sludge and Cd on a single dose of municipal sludge.

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Maglione, Giuseppe, Gaetano De Tommaso, Mauro Iuliano, Giulia Costanzo, Ermenegilda Vitale, Carmen Arena, and Luca Vitale. "Aerated Buffalo Slurry Improves Spinach Plant Growth and Mitigates CO2 and N2O Emissions from Soil." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080758.

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Manure management is the main strategy for mitigating gas emissions from livestock farming. In this study, a laboratory-scale experiment was set up to identify suitable conditions to be applied in a farm-scale experiment. The liquid fraction (LF) of slurry was aerobically treated and greenhouse gas emissions from soil were evaluated. Furthermore, the value of treated LF as a fertilizer on spinach plants was also tested. The aeration of LF determined an increase in mean alkalinity due to ammonia loss. The mass fraction of heavy metals also decreased, likely due to the reduction in solubility. After being applied on soil, aerated LF determined lower CO2 and N2O emissions compared to untreated LF due to a reduced nitrogen load. Spinach plants fertilized with treated LF showed a lush growth and exhibited a lower heavy metal mass fraction as well as a higher content of antioxidants compared to plants fertilized with untreated slurry. Our results show that aeration might be an effective alternative for slurry management as it is able to produce an eco-friendly final product with a high fertilizing value.

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Hei, Liang, Hui Wang, Qi Tang Wu, and Wei Peng Yu. "Safe Utilization of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Agriculture and Forestry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 542–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.542.

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Municipal sewage sludge has been increasingly produced in China with the development of municipal wastewater treatment. The use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer and soil amendment has resulted in high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and food limiting its use. Controlling the pollution of heavy metals is the key factor to realize the safe utilization of sewage sludge. The present study was carried out to find scientific basis to the appropriate sludge applications in agriculture and forestry. Pilot experiments inEucalyptusforest showed that the total yield and nutrient amount ofP.hydridumwere significantly higher thanA.marorrhiza, the annual average yield in dry weight and total nutrient amount ofP.hydridumwere 21.32 thm-2and 1248.2 kghm-2, respectively, 9.18 times and 3.58 times that ofA.marorrhiza, soP.hydridumwere more suitable to be the converting plant from sludge to biochar or organic fertilizer. After plants treatment, the maturity of sludge increased significantly, water content and soluble heavy metals decreased obviously, so that the agricultural safety increased, and the all indicators were conformed to the sludge requirements for agricultural use. In addition, theEucalyptustrees grow well with a large spread of sewage sludge. Nutrient contents ofEucalyptusforestland soil increased and heavy metal contents of the topsoil beneath the sludge did not significantly increase.

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Chernikova, Olga, Yuri Mazhaysky, Svetlana Buryak, and Tatyana Seregina. "Translocation of heavy metals and methods of their detoxification in podzolized chernozem." E3S Web of Conferences 212 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021201002.

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At present, the fact that all unforeseen negative consequences of anthropogenic human activity significantly affect the biochemical regime of the natural environment is obvious. Therefore, agriculture should be aimed at reducing the release of chemicals from the biological cycle. Field observations were conducted to study the effect of detoxification techniques on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Six experiment variants were developed, using detoxicants with various combinations of them. The results of this research indicate that the organic matter of manure binds soluble metal salts into organometallic complexes, and fertilizer phosphates convert them into sparingly soluble compounds. Thus, they improve (heal) the soil contaminated by heavy metals.

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Sarker, Md Sanaullah, Quazi Forhad Quadir, Md Zakir Hossen, Touhida Nazneen, and Atiqur Rahman. "Evaluation of commonly used fertilizers, fish and poultry feeds as potential sources of heavy metals contamination in food." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v1i1.55764.

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An experiment was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BAU to assess the heavy metal status in different feed and fertilizer samples collected from Sadar and Trisal upazilas of Mymensingh district. The feed samples included poultry and fish feeds, whereas, fertilizer samples included DAP, TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). AAS analysis of Cd, Cr and Pb showed variable levels of contamination in the fertilizer and feed samples. In case of feed samples, Cd, and Pb contents in fish feed collected from Sadar upazila was 0.159 and 3.581 mg kg-1, respectively and that of Trisal upazila was 0.441 and 153.824 mg kg-1, respectively. The content of Cd was 0.008 mg kg-1 in poultry feed but in fish feed it was 0.441 mg kg-1. The Cr content in both poultry and fish feeds collected from Sadar and Trisal upazilas were below the detection level. In general, heavy metals contaminations were higher in different fish feed samples compared to that of poultry feed samples, especially in samples from Trisal upazila.The Cd contents in DAP, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 collected from Sadar upazila were 1.560, 14.749, 0.137, 0.906 and 10.312 mg kg-1, respectively, and that of Trisal upazila were 1.780, 15.662, 3.988, 1.180 and 3.165 mg kg-1, respectively. The Cr contents in DAP, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 collected from Sadar upazila were 60.392, 206.667, 15.882, 24.314 and 11.373 mg kg-1, respectively. Whereas, mean Cr concentrations DAP, TSP, MoP and gypsum from Trisal upazila were 54.118, 168.431, 16.078 and 26.863 mgkg-1, respectively. However, in ZnSO4Cr was below the detection limit. Again, Pb contents in DAP, TSP, MoP, Gypsum and ZnSO4 collected from Sadar upazila were 12.633, 45.729, 33.586, 13.319 and 30.014 mg kg-1, respectively, and that of Trisal upazila were 4.062, 46.919, 101.205, 21.681 and 6.676 mg kg-1, respectively. In general, heavy metal contamination levels in different fertilizer samples collected from Mymensingh Sadar were higher compared to that of Trisal upazila. The results showed that despite the close proximity of the market locations, heavy metal contents may vary in fertilizer and feed samples indicating various supply chains of these essential inputs are in place and calls for greater degree of quality monitoring from the government point of view. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 74-81

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Lopushnyak, V., H. Hrytsulyak, O. Tonkha, O. Menshov, O. Pikovsʹka, and S. Sychevsʹkyy. "CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF OIL-POLLUTED AREAS OF PRE-CARPATHIAN." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 2 (93) (2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.93.09.

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The article highlights the results of research on the content of heavy metals in sod-podzolic soils of oil-contaminated areas of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Contamination of soils with petroleum products causes severe ecological consequences for ecosystems. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, underground part and vegetative mass of sylphia perforated in the conditions of cultivation in oil-contaminated areas. The content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils did not exceed the norms in all variants of the experiment. During the cultivation of Sylphia perfoliatum, it grew in a number: cadmium → nickel → cobalt → lead. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined, which reflects the change in the content of the element in the test soil relative to the content of metals in the background soil. The coefficients of concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals in oil-contaminated soil for the cultivation of perforated sylphia for the application of fertilizers based on sewage sludge and compost based on them increased in a number: cobalt → lead → nickel → cadmium. Peculiarities of heavy metals accumulation in the vegetative mass of perforated sylphia have been established. Indices of intra-tissue heavy metal contamination of the root system of sylphia perforated with the introduction of sewage sludge increase in the following series: cadmium → nickel → lead → cobalt. The maximum indices of contamination of sylphia roots permeated with cadmium, nickel and cobalt are observed for the introduction into the soil of ERUs at a rate of 40 t / ha and N10P14K58, lead – for the application of compost at a rate of 30 t/ha and N30K55. The lowest indices of intratissue contamination with heavy metals of the roots of sylphia perfoliatum were noted for the application of fertilizer N60P60K60.

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LASSOUED, Najla LASS, Mohamed Naceur KHELIL, Saloua REJEB REJEB, Essaid BILAL BILAL, Mohamed CHAOUA CHAOUACHI, Mohamed Néjib REJEB, and Issam GUEN GUENOLÉ–BILAL. "TRANSFERT HEAVY METAL SEWAGE SLUDGE AS FERTILIZER FROM SOIL TO RAY GRASS." Banat's Journal of Biotechnology V, no. 09 (March 23, 2014): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7904/2068-4738-v(09)-86.

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Lekfeldt, Jonas Duus Stevens, Peter E. Holm, Charlotte Kjaergaard, and Jakob Magid. "Heavy Metal Leaching as Affected by Long-Time Organic Waste Fertilizer Application." Journal of Environmental Quality 46, no. 4 (July 2017): 871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.11.0458.

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Ghimire, Kedar Nath, Huang Kai, Katsutoshi Inoue, Keisuke Ohto, Hidetaka Kawakita, Hiroyuki Harada, and Minoru Morita. "Heavy metal removal from contaminated scallop waste for feed and fertilizer application." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 7 (May 2008): 2436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.070.

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Kruse, Elizabeth A., and Gary W. Barrett. "Effects of municipal sludge and fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation in earthworms." Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological 38, no. 3 (January 1985): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(85)90129-1.

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Chen, Song, Cancan Wu, Shenshen Hong, and Qianqian Chen. "Assessment, Distribution and Regional Geochemical Baseline of Heavy Metals in Soils of Densely Populated Area: A Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072269.

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To understand the content, pollution, distribution and source and to establish a geochemical baseline of heavy metal elements in soil under the influence of high-density population, the concentrations of heavy metal elements Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Fe were determined in 23 soil samples in Suzhou University, and geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, principal component analysis, spatial analysis and regression analysis were completed. The results showed the following: The elements Cu and As were slightly polluted, while the other heavy metal elements were not. The elements Cd, Cu, Ni and As in soils were mainly caused by agricultural activities of chemical fertilizer, whereas the elements Zn and Hg were impacted by the chemicals and batteries. The heavy metal elements in the north were lower than in the south of the campus, as a whole. The enrichment of elements Cu, As and Cd was caused by the east–west river on the campus, and the enrichment of the elements Mn, Ni and Zn was induced by the reservoir. Biochemical experiments and vehicle parking influenced the spatial enrichment of Cr, Co and Pb, while domestic waste led to the spatial differentiation of Hg concentrations. The regression curve between heavy metal elements and Fe was established, and the background values of the heavy metals Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb are 50.90, 489.37, 11.76, 37.74, 55.70, 58.22, 20.07, 0.09, 0.08 and 24.13 mg/kg, respectively.

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Ma, Jie, Yali Chen, Liping Weng, Hao Peng, Zhongbin Liao, and Yongtao Li. "Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Surface Paddy Soils Using Accumulated Elemental Ratios Coupled with MLR." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052295.

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Source identification of heavy metals in agricultural soils using small sample sizes, simple experimental procedures, and convenient analysis is urgently required. This study employed a simple source identification model using a visual comparison via radar plots, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and a multiple linear regression model to determine the source of heavy metal pollution in soil samples from the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration area of China. The elemental compositions of major pollution sources (atmospheric deposition, organic fertilizer, irrigation water, and tailings) were compared with soil samples from 11 study locations and the model was used to determine the relative contribution of different pollution sources at each sample site. The results showed that the model successfully calculated the contribution of different pollution sources at each site based on the pollution characteristics and contaminant transport rules of the region. The proposed method overcomes the requirement for extensive data and complex experimental procedures. Furthermore, the model can determine the source of heavy metal contamination in single or small plots, which is important for the prevention and control of heavy metal soil pollution and remediation at the plot scale.

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Louhi, Achour, Atika Hammadi, and Mabrouka Achouri. "Determination of Some Heavy Metal Pollutants in Sediments of the Seybouse River in Annaba, Algeria." Air, Soil and Water Research 5 (January 2012): ASWR.S10081. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s10081.

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This study was conducted in order to fight against pollution of the environment. The study concerns river sediment of the Seybouse River in northeastern Algeria. Northeastern Algeria is known for its various industries (steel, fertilizer, metal processing, etc), and the sediment deposited by the Seybouse River, is probably polluted by heavy metals. For this study, we used two protocols of digestion of sediments, the first, using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid, and the second, using aqua regia. The comparison of these two protocols will help us to find the best solubilization and thus facilitate the extraction and determination of heavy metals in sediment. Before determining the concentration of some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Sn, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cu), we first analyzed parameters of sediments such as pH and organic matter. We used atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to measure these heavy metals. The functional groups characteristic of organic matter and particularly clays were identified by infrared spectroscopy. The average concentrations of metals exceeded acceptable standards for sediment pollution with heavy metals. Maximum concentrations in mg/kg respectively of the elements studied (Fe, Zn, Mn, Sn, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cu) were, respectively, 2460.20 ± 74.8; 1140.65 ± 38.2; 3.60 ± 1.2; 1.20 ± 0.5; 16.80 ± 2.6; 9.50 ± 3.2; 476.31 ± 21.6 and 145.15 ± 35.2. These results clearly show that the sediments deposited by the Seybouse River are heavily polluted.

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Tan, Li, Bin Yang, Zhibin Xue, and Zhanqi Wang. "Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination Risk in Soil and Water in the Core Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China." Land 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090934.

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The Middle Route Project of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) is a national-level water source protection zone and the ecological safety of its water quality and surrounding soil is of great significance. In this study, heavy metals in the surface water and topsoil in the core water source area were quantitatively analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) and geostatistical techniques combined with environmental pollution and ecological risk assessment models to determine their environmental contamination levels, ecological risk levels, and spatial distribution patterns. Cd was identified as an essential factor responsible for the overall slight heavy metal pollution in the topsoil layer. Heavy metal contamination in surface water was primarily driven by alert-level concentrations of Hg and was consistently distributed in areas with high concentrations of Hg in the topsoil. Applying the potential ecological risk index (RI) revealed two key results. First, surface water showed no ecological risk. The concentrations of heavy metals in surface water met the goals set by relevant authorities in China. Second, overall, the topsoil was at low ecological risk, with a spatial pattern primarily influenced by Cd and Hg. Some heavy metals might have similar pollution sources and originate from human activities such as industrial activities, mining and smelting, and pesticide and chemical fertilizer applications. The study is important for improving the soil and water ecology in the reservoir area and ensuring the northward diversion of high-quality water. In addition, it provides a sound basis for making decisions about local heavy-metal remediation and treatment projects.

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Pratumma, Adisorn, Kowit Piyamongkala, Suchart Siengchin, Rapeeporn Srisuk, and Rapeephun Dangtungee. "Acid Treatment of Aluminium Dross: Properties and Application." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.547.

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This research work aimed to apply the aluminium dross, waste of ADC12 and 6063 aluminium smelter grade as the raw materials produced plant fertilizer by acid treatment process with phosphoric and hydrochloric acid. Chemical properties have been tested as a chemical composition, pH, amount of macronutriants and heavy metals. The germination index testing was confirmed by using water extraction of the dross before and after pretreatment which effected on cantonese green lettuce seed. The results showed that more than 50% by weight of dross composition was alumina mainly. Others components were included oxides of silicon, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc. Interestingly, there are not appeared of harmful heavy metal elements. For fertilization properties, mainly nutrients as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were investigated. Also, the germination test was investigated in an organic fertilizer standard test method as germination index (GI). Normally, the result was found that GI of un-treated dross was lower than that of a control sample. The treated dross with HCl and phosphoric acid presented higher GI than that of a reference sample. It was concluded that both grades of dross can be used as a fertilizer with acid treatment.

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Thomas, E., and J. Omueti. "The effect of phosphate fertilizer on heavy metal in soils and Amaranthus caudatus." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 3, no. 4 (April 2012): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2012.3.4.145.149.

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徐, 艳丽. "Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Heavy Metal Pollution in Different Types of Farmland." Advances in Environmental Protection 09, no. 04 (2019): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aep.2019.94080.

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Zhang, Xi, Haibo Meng, Yujun Shen, Ji Li, Jiarui Wang, Haibin Zhou, Jingtao Ding, Jian Wang, and Liqiu Song. "Survey on heavy metal concentrations and maturity indices of organic fertilizer in China." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 11, no. 6 (2018): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20181106.4671.

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Sudirja, R., I. Permana, and S. Rosniawaty. "Bio agent added organomineral nitrogen fertilizer for heavy metal contaminated paddy field treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 393 (December 30, 2019): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/393/1/012028.

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RAHARDJO, MONO, ROSITA SMD, and I. DARWATI. "STATUS LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM DAN HASIL RIMPANG TEMUIRENG (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) PADA BEBERAPA DOSIS PEMUPUKAN FOSFAT." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v6n2.2000.44-49.

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Status of cadmium and rhizome yield l/temuireng (Cur¬ cuma aeruginosa Roxb.) at by d fferent dosages phos¬ phatefertilizerCadmium is a heavy metal which is for human being. The concentration of Cd in the soil will increase if phosphate fertilizer is applied, because Cd is available in the sediment rock of phosphate as a raw material for phosphate fertilizer. Recently it is said that simplicia of medicinal crops originated from Asia is contaminated with heavy metals. That contamination mainly derives from Ihe environmental growth. Theefore, the research on the status of Cd in rhizomes Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. due phosphate fertilizer is essential to be conducted. The experiment was conducted in the experimental garden of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from August 1997 - June 1998. The experiment used polybags which were illed with 25 kg Bogor dry latosol soil mixed with I kg of rice husk and 2 kg cattle manue It used randomized block design (RBD) with four replications and ive samples each treatment. The treatments were (I) no NPK; and 8 dosages of TSP, (2)0; (3)2.5; (4)5; (5)7.5; (6)10.0; (7)12.5; (8)15.0; and (9)20.0g/ polybag respectively. Each TSP treatments was added with 1 5 g uea and 19 g KCI/ polybag. The plant wee harvested at 8.5 month after planting. The results of experiments showed that application of2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; 15; and 20 g/polybag of TSP increased dry weight of simplicia from 24.3- 40%. The content of Cd in rhizomes, produced by plant with 5 up to 20 g TSP fertilizer was 1.181 - 2.756 ppm. The Cd content was higher than tolerance limited value as determined by laws of heavy metal in Japan (I ppm) and WHO (0.24 ppm). While fertilizer teatments of 0 and 2.5 g TSP produced rhizomes with Cd content 0.630 - 0.945 ppm, and it is still under tolerance limited value by Japan, but, higher than WHO laws. Due to high Cd content in rhizomes (1.181 - 2.756 ppm), those simplicia can not be used as row material for medicine.

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Ibrahim, Harouna Gado, Salifou K. Ouiminga, Arsène Yonli, Oumar Sanogo, Tizane Daho, and Jean Koulidiati. "Study of Temperature Fields and Heavy Metal Content in the Ash and Flue Gas Produced by the Combustion of Briquettes Coming from Paper and Cardboard Waste." Recycling 3, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling3030032.

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The present study focused on the combustion of four types of briquettes made from paper and cardboard waste produced in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Rotary and tubular kilns were used to study the combustion. The combustion mean temperatures, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content in the ash and heavy metals content in the ash and the flue gas were analyzed. The combustion steady phase mean temperatures ranged from 950 °C to 750 °C were obtained according to briquettes type. The temperature favored the transfer of the heavy metal in the flue gas comparatively to the ash mainly for Hg, Cd and Pb. The Pb, Hg and Mn content in flue gas and the ash are higher than their content in the parent wood used for paper production due to the additive during the manufacturing process. The results showed a high content of heavy metal in flue gas produced by combustion of briquette made with office paper and in the ash for the briquette made of corrugated cardboard. Furthermore, the low heavy metal contain in the ash allow their use for soil amendment. However, ash contained a low proportion of NPK (less than 2%) which does not allow their usage as fertilizer alone.

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Eckert, Stephan, Heazel Grajales, Jaime B. Palacio, Luz Jimenez F. Segura, and Elisabeth Pohlon. "Perspectives of using the water hyacinth (Eichhornia heterosperma) for self-purification in a Colombian water reservoir." Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie 193, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2020/1231.

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Eutrophication and heavy metal contamination of freshwater reservoirs cause serious problems world- wide. With increasing nutrient levels in lakes and reservoirs, invasive macrophytes like the perennial water hyacinth Eichhornia spp. can intensify the degradation process, but the plants can also be supporting because of their high capacity for heavy metal and nutrient accumulation. In this study, we assessed the potential of E. heterosperma for nutrient removal. Therefore, we measured nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in the water and the plant tissue of E. heterosperma plants harvested in a hypereutrophic reservoir (Porce II, Antioquia, Colombia). We found mean nitrogen concentrations between 21–45 g and phosphorus between 2.1–3.0 g kg –1 dry weight in the different plant parts (leaves, stems, roots). Regarding metals, we measured 3.1–2;37 mg chrome, 62 mg–7.4 g aluminium, 22–70 mg zinc, 12–95 mg copper, and 0.4–1.3 g manganese per kg of dry weight. This exceptional high ability for nutrient and heavy metal uptake makes Eichhornia heterospermaan appropriate candidate for bioremediation in reservoirs. Therefore, we assessed the potential of the plants as fertilizer for forests and agriculture regarding the heavy metal accumulations. We found that the harvest of 1.0 km² of plant cover in Porce II would result in a removal of 4.3 % phosphorus and 4.0 % nitrogen of the nutrients in the water column. This indicates that for hypereutrophic lakes with an annual input of about 43443 t N and 2490 t P, the remediation capacity of this plant is limited.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy metal, fertilizer'

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