Journal articles: 'Heavy metal resistance bacteria'

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Yamina, Benmalek, Benayad Tahar, and Fardeau Marie Laure. "Isolation and screening of heavy metal resistant bacteria from wastewater: a study of heavy metal co-resistance and antibiotics resistance." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 10 (November 1, 2012): 2041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.355.

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The uncontrolled discharges of wastes containing a large quantity of heavy metal create huge economical and healthcare burdens particularly for people living near that area. However, the bioremediation of metal pollutants from wastewater using metal-resistant bacteria is a very important aspect of environmental biotechnology. In this study, 13 heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from the wastewater of wadi El Harrach in the east of Algiers and characterized. These include zinc-, lead-, chromium- and cadmium-resistant bacteria. The metal-resistant isolates characterized include both Gram-negative (77%) and Gram-positive (23%) bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of wastewater isolates against the four heavy metals was determined in solid media and ranged from 100 to 1,500 μg/ml. All the isolates showed co-resistance to other heavy metals and antibiotic resistance of which 15% were resistant to one antibiotic and 85% were multi- and bi-antibiotics resistant. The zinc-resistant species Micrococcus luteus was the much more heavy metal resistant. The results of toxicity tests on Vibrio fischeri showed that the DI50 (5 min) as low as 0.1 carried away luminescence inhibition greater than 50%.

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Vashishth, Amit, Nimisha Tehri, and Pawan Kumar. "The potential of naturally occurring bacteria for the bioremediation of toxic metals pollution." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.061205.

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An increase in industrialization and various kind of human activities added a huge amount of toxic heavy metals in the soil. As a result, toxic heavy metals in the environment may be adversely affects human being and aquatic ecosystem. Thus, it is very essential to understand mechanism of bioremediation through eco-friendly agent i.e. bacteria. Accumulation of high metal concentrations in soil above threshold limit causes lethal to bacterial communities in the environment. Few bacteria develop resistance mechanism to tolerate these toxic heavy metals and contain various methods to respond the metal stress. The present review emphasizes to understand the mechanism of bacterial resistance against toxic metals. Moreover, mechanism of bioaugmentation, biosorption, and bioaccumulation methods also described clearly.

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IRAWATI, WAHYU, SEMUEL RIAK, NIDA SOPIAH, and SUSI SULISTIA. "Heavy metal tolerance in indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 18, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 1481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180425.

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Irawati W, Riak S, Sopiah N, Sulistia S. 2017. Heavy metal tolerance in indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial sewage in Kemisan River, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1481-1486. The bacterial study is a part of human calling in preserving the earth. Many indigenous bacteria isolated from heavy metal contaminated sites had resistance to heavy metal toxicity and could be used for heavy metal removal. The aims of this study were to isolate heavy metal-tolerant indigenous bacteria from the industrial sewage of Kemisan River in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. The potency of bacterial isolates to remove heavy metals was also determined. The heavy-metal tolerance was determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration. The potency of bacterial isolate for removing heavy metals from the medium was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that there were eight heavy metal-resistant bacteria isolated from Kemisan River with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 7 mM to 11 mM. Isolate PbSI1 was the highest lead tolerant bacteria, and also tolerant to copper and zinc. The isolate was able to remove 91.25% lead, 73.38% zinc, and 98.57% copper from medium supplemented with the mixture of these heavy metals. The addition of 9 mM of lead in the medium affected the morphological appearance of isolate colonies i.e PbSI1 and PbSI3 to become darker which might occur due to the survival mechanism of bacteria by absorbing the lead inside the cells. The finding of this study indicated that isolate PbSI1 was a promising bacterium, which could be further developed for heavy metal removal.

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Silambarasan, S., and J. Abraham. "Biosorption and Characterization of Metal Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Palar River Basin Vellore." Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.14678.

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Metal pollution is a growing problem and microbes have adapted to tolerate the presence of metals and even use them. The investigation was carried out to screen for bisorption property of metals by bacteria and check for correlation between tolerance to heavy metals and antibiotic resistance. Soil samples were collected from Palar River basin site of Vellore and five distinct bacteria were isolated. Antibiotic resistance (bacitracin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, penicillin and ampicillin) was checked and tolerance to heavy metals was screened (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn). It was found that most of the bacterial isolates had multiple antibiotic resistances which might be due to the stress caused by heavy metals released into the Palar river basin, Vellore. The multiple antibiotics resistance of this bacterial species was found to be associated with tolerance to metals. Biosorption studies revealed that Alcaligenes faecalis could tolerate 59% Cd, 61% Pb, 40% Cu, 39% Zn and Staphylococcus aureus removed 60% Cd, 63% Pb, 42% Cu, 41% Zn and Streptococcus lactis absorbed 61% Cd, 57% Pb, 37% Cu, 38% Zn and Micrococcus luteus reduced 56% Cd, 61% Pb, 39% Cu, 41% Zn and Enterobacter aerogenes removed 60% Cd, 55% Pb, 62% Cu, 67% Zn. Keywords: Antibiotic resistant; Heavy metal tolerance; Biosorption; Metal polluted soils. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.14678 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 125-131 (2014)

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Siddiqui, Mohammad Tahir, Aftab Hossain Mondal, Firdoos Ahmad Gogry, Fohad Mabood Husain, Ali Alsalme, and Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haq. "Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India." Antibiotics 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110826.

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Antibiotic resistance is one of the major current global health crises. Because of increasing contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals, the aquatic environment has become a hotspot for emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the co-resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, and heavy metals among the bacterial isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes. Among 73 bacterial strains isolated from a highly polluted stretch of the Yamuna River in Delhi, those carrying blaCTX-M, blaTEM, or blaSHV genes were analyzed to detect the genetic determinants of resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, mercury, and arsenic. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrS was found in 22 isolates; however, the qnrA, B, C, and qnrD genes could not be detected in any of the bacteria. Two variants of CMY, blaCMY-2 and blaCMY-42, were identified among eight and seven strains, respectively. Furthermore, merB, merP, merT, and arsC genes were detected in 40, 40, 44, and 24 bacterial strains, respectively. Co-transfer of different resistance genes was also investigated in a transconjugation experiment. Successful transconjugants had antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes with similar tolerance toward antibiotics and heavy metals as did their donors. This study indicates that the aquatic environment is a major reservoir of bacteria harboring resistance genes to antibiotics and heavy metals and emphasizes the need to study the genetic basis of resistant microorganisms and their public health implications.

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Riskuwa-Shehu, Maryam Lami, Haruna Yahaya Ismail, and Udem Joshua Josiah Ijah. "Heavy Metal Resistance by Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Guava (Psidium Guajava) and Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves." International Annals of Science 9, no. 1 (November 16, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.9.1.16-23.

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Heavy metal resistant bacteria are widespread in nature and their application in decontamination of polluted ecosystems is promising. In this study, ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from Psidium guajava (Guava) and Mangifera indica (Mango) for heavy metal resistance was assessed. Leaves samples form the two plants were collected and processed according to the standard laboratory practices. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics; heavy metal resistance was determined by plate dilution method. Heavy metal analysis revealed that the leaves samples contained considerable quantities of Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) ranging from 1.21±1.6 mg/Kg (for Cd in Guava leaves) to 116.58±1.3 mg/Kg (for Mn in Mango leaves). A total of six bacterial species were isolated from both of the plants leaves (3 each). Guava endophytes were identified as Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus seiuri whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylulose and Staphylococcus intermedius were from Mango leaves. The identified isolates were tested for ability to resist heavy metals in-vitro and were capable of showing different patterns of resistance to MnCl2, PbCl2 and CdCl2. All the endophytes were highly resistant to PbCl2 followed by MnCl2 but susceptible to CdCl2. The ability of plants and bacterial endophytes understudy to tolerate or resist heavy metals is a good indication of their phytoremediation potentials and thus, should be harnessed.

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Altuğ, Gülşen, Mine Çardak, Pelin Saliha Çiftçi Türetken, Samet Kalkan, and Sevan Gürün. "Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Aegean Sea Water and Sediment in Güllük Bay, Turkey : Quantifying the resistance of identified bacteria species with potential for environmental remediation applications." Johnson Matthey Technology Review 64, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651320x15953337767424.

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Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria have potential for environmental bioremediation applications. Resistant bacteria were investigated in sediment and seawater samples taken from the Aegean Sea, Turkey, between 2011 and 2013. Bioindicator bacteria in seawater samples were tested using the membrane filtration technique. The spread plate technique and VITEK® 2 Compact 30 micro identification system were used for heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in the samples. The minimum inhibition concentration method was used for heavy metal-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were tested using the disk diffusion method. All bacteria isolated from sediment samples showed 100% resistance to rifampicin, sulfonamide, tetracycline and ampicillin. 98% of isolates were resistant against nitrofurantoin and oxytetracycline. Higher antibiotic and heavy metal resistance was recorded in bacteria isolated from sediment than seawater samples. The highest levels of bacterial metal resistance were recorded against copper (58.3%), zinc (33.8%), lead (32.1%), chromium (31%) and iron (25.2%). The results show that antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in bacteria from sediment and seawater can be observed as responses to environmental influences including pollution in marine areas.

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Rajbanshi, A. "Study on Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria in Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plant." Our Nature 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1655.

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Removal of heavy metals from wastewater needs advance chemical technology and is more expensive too. The cheaper alternative for this is the bioremediation using heavy metals resistant microorganisms. In this study, 10 heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from oxidation ditch of wastewater treatment plant of Bagmati Area Sewerage Project. These include chromium resistant Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp; cadmium resistant Acinetobacter spp, Flavobacterium spp, Citrobacter spp; nickel resistant Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp; copper resistant Pseudomonas spp; and cobalt resistant Methylobacterium spp. All the isolates showed high resistance to heavy metals with Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) for heavy metals ranging from 150 mug/ml to 500 mug/ml. Six resistant isolates showed multiple tolerance to heavy metals. All the 10 isolates also showed antibiotic resistance of which 10% were resistant to single antibiotic and 90% were multi-antibiotic resistant. Heavy metal tolerance test showed maximum microbial tolerance to chromium and minimum tolerance to nickel in mixed liquor sample of oxidation ditch.Keywords: Heavy metal resistant bacteria, multiple tolerance, antibiotic resistance, Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plantdoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1655Our Nature (2008)6:52-57

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Addisu, Melkamu T., and Adugna M. Bikila. "Heavy metal resistance properties of bacteria from different soil types in Horo Guduru Wollega, Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Reports 5, no. 11 (October 19, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20194647.

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Background: The quality of life on earth is linked inseparably to the overall quality of the environment. Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to its potential adverse ecological effects. The study explored the heavy metals resistance properties of bacteria isolated from fertilizer applied agricultural and non-agricultural soils.Methods: The soil samples were collected from both fertilizer applied agricultural soils and non-agricultural soils. After identification and characterization of the isolates from both soil types, six (6) similar bacterial isolates were selected to screen for resistance against Cobalt (Co+), Lead (Pb2+), Cromium (Cr+3), Mercury (Hg2+), Nickel (Ni2+), Cadmium (Cd2+) and Zinc (Zn2+) heavy metals. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacterial isolates were determined by gradually increasing the concentration of heavy metals on agar plates until the isolates failed to show growth. Results: The isolates from fertilizer applied agricultural soil showed the highest resistance against the selected heavy metals than those isolated from fertilizers not applied (nonagricultural) soils.Conclusions: From this result it can be seen that fertilizer has significant role in influencing the heavy metal resistance properties of bacteria and these heavy metal resistant bacteria can be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated environment.

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Argudín, M. A., A. Hoefer, and P. Butaye. "Heavy metal resistance in bacteria from animals." Research in Veterinary Science 122 (February 2019): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.007.

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Turner, Raymond J., Li-Nan Huang, Carlo Viti, and Alessio Mengoni. "Metal-Resistance in Bacteria: Why Care?" Genes 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121470.

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Lingga, Rahmad, and Budi Afriyansyah. "Identification Of Cu Resistant Bacteria From Tin Mining-Affected Sea Sediment." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS 6, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v6i2.1666.

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Tin mining activity at sea has a various negative influence on the environment. One of them is heavy metal contamination that can affect the life of fisheries biota. This research conducted to isolate and test the Cu heavy metal resistance of marine sediment bacteria that are affected by tin mining activity. Sediment sampling was carried out in the area of tin mining to the mudflat neared to the mangrove area. Bacterial isolation was carried out by spread plate method and bacterial characterization included cell shape, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Furthermore, bacterial isolates tested for resistance to metals with concentrations of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm. The results showed that bacterial isolates originating from marine sediments affected by mining activity were resistant to Cu heavy metal at various concentrations. Isolates B6, B8 and A10 showed the highest resistance up to a concentration of 100 ppm

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Gautam, Bikram, and Rameshwar Adhikari. "Association of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Screened from Wastewater." International Journal of Environment 7, no. 1 (October 12, 2018): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v7i1.21292.

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Wastewater treatment plant is a potential reservoir contributing to the evolution and spread of heavy metal and antibiotic resistant bacteria. The pollutants such as biocides, antibiotics, heavy metals are to be feared for as they have been known to evoke resistance in microorganisms in such polluted environment. The aim of this study was to the isolate bacteria from the treated wastewater and assess the resistance pattern of the isolates against antibiotics and heavy metals. Grab sampling was performed from April to June 2017, from the treated effluent from the secondary treatment plant. To assess the resistance pattern for antibiotic(s) and heavy metal(s), antibiotic susceptibility test and minimum inhibitory concentration by cup well method were performed respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Multi drug and heavy metal resistant isolates were screened. Fisher’s exact test revealed that there is a significant association (p< 0.001) between antibiotic resistance pattern and resistance patterns at dilution of 2500 g/L (25%). Cramer’s V test revealed that the effect size of antibiotic resistance pattern and heavy metal resistance pattern at dilution 2500 g/L is medium. P. aeruginosa was able to resist the metal concentration up to 10000 g/L (100%) dilution of Fe++. Heavy metal resistant bacteria can be safely used to lower chemical concentration in the environment once their harmful genes are edited, knocked etc. so that risks of evoking antibiotic resistance could be minimized.

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Yang, Kerry, and Yanjie Zhang. "Reversal of heavy metal-induced antibiotic resistance by dandelion root extracts and taraxasterol." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001226.

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Introduction. Metal exposure is an important factor for inducing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Dandelion extracts have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Native American medicine. Aim. We assessed the effects of dandelion water extracts and taraxasterol on heavy metal-induced antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methodology. Dandelion extracts were obtained through 4 h of boiling in distilled water. Bacterial growth was monitored with a spectrophotometer. Biochemical assays were performed to assess the activities and gene transcriptions of β-lactamase and acetyltransferase. Oxidative stress was determined using an oxidation-sensitive probe, H2DCFDA. Results. The present study demonstrated that higher concentrations of nickel (>5 µg ml−1), cadmium (>0.1 µg ml−1), arsenic (>0.1 µg ml−1) and copper (>5 µg ml−1) significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli . Lower concentrations of nickel (0.5 µg ml−1), cadmium (0.05 µg ml−1) and arsenic (0.05 µg ml−1) had no effect on bacterial growth, but helped the bacteria become resistant to two antibiotics, kanamycin and ampicillin. The addition of dandelion root extracts and taraxasterol significantly reversed the antibiotic resistance induced by these heavy metals. The supplements of antibiotics and cadmium generated synergistic effects on the activities of β-lactamase and acetyltransferase (two antibiotic resistance-related proteins), which were significantly blocked by either dandelion root extract or taraxasterol. In contrast, oxidative stress was not involved in the preventative roles of dandelion root extracts and taraxasterol in heavy metal-induced antibiotic resistance. Conclusion. This study suggests that heavy metals induce bacterial antibiotic resistance and dandelion root extracts and taraxasterol could be used to help reverse bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

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Maia, Luciana Furlaneto, Gabriela Batista Gomes Bravo, Alex Kiyomassa Watanabe, Nayara de Oliveira Batista, and Márcia Cristina Furlaneto. "Enterococci and Bacilli from surface water: assessment of their resistance to copper and antibiotics." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 43 (August 20, 2020): e49854. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v43i1.49854.

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Heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be efficient bioremediators of metals and might provide an alternative method for metal removal in contaminated environments. The present study aims to isolate bacteria from the aquatic environment and evaluate their potential tolerance to copper metal, aiming at bioremediation processes. Also, compare co-resistance to heavy metal and antibiotics. The morphology of isolates was observed, and sequence analysis (16S ribosomal DNA) revealed that isolated strains were closely related to species belonging to the genera Enterococcus and Bacillus. Bacterial isolates were resistant to CuSO4, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.78 mg ml-1. Enterococcus lactis was resistant to a combination of copper and tetracycline. The other tested isolates were sensitive to the tested antimicrobials. The metal removal ability of these isolates was assayed using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the strains 27, 23, and E. lactis were best at removing heavy metals, at 87.7%. Enterococcus casseliflavus EC55 was 62%, followed by Bacillus aerius (18.4%), E. casseliflavus EC70 (10%) and Bacillus licheniformis (10%). Based on our findings, Enterococcus sp and Bacillus sp. have potential applications in enhanced remediation of contaminated environments.

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Benyehuda, G., J. Coombs, P. L. Ward, D. Balkwill, and T. Barkay. "Metal resistance among aerobic chemoheterotrophic bacteria from the deep terrestrial subsurface." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-012.

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The metal resistance of 350 subsurface bacterial strains from two U.S. Department of Energy facilities, the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, and the Hanford site, Washington, was determined to assess the effect of metal toxicity on microorganisms in the deep terrestrial subsurface. Resistance was measured by growth inhibition around discs containing optimized amounts of Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI). A broad range of resistance levels was observed, with some strains of Arthrobacter spp. demonstrating exceptional tolerance. A higher level of resistance to Hg(II) and Pb(II) (P < 0.05) and a higher occurrence of multiple resistances suggested that metals more effectively influenced microbial evolution in subsurface sediments of the SRS than in those of the Hanford site. Common resistance to heavy metals suggests that toxic metals are unlikely to inhibit bioremediation in deep subsurface environments that are contaminated with mixed wastes.Key words: deep subsurface, metal resistance, mercury, chromium, lead.

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Irawati, Wahyu, Aaron Hasthosaputro, and Lucia Kusumawati. "Multiresistensi dan Akumulasi Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 terhadap Logam Berat." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1207.

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The increasing industrial activity in Indonesia, that is not equipped with appropriate waste treatment, has caused an increase of heavy metal contaminants in water bodies. Heavy metals contamination such as copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contamination in water bodies have endangered aquatic life and public health. For this reason, it is urgently important to lower down the concentration of heavy metal pollutants in the water bodies surrounding industrial areas. Compared to chemical remediation, bioremediation of heavy metal by using indigenous bacteria is more effective and economical, since it can be applied in situ directly and be used repeatedly. Acinetobacter sp. IrC2, used in this study, is Indonesian indigenous bacteria isolated from the industrial waste treatment facility in Rungkut, Surabaya. This study aims, firstly, to investigate the heavy metal multiresistance of Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 against mercury, cadmium, and lead. Secondly, this study intends to examine its bioaccumulation capacity for single and heavy metal alloys. The heavy metal multiresistance test was carried out by measuring the minimum heavy metal concentrations that inhibit bacterial growth (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration/MIC). The bioaccumulation capacity was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It is shown that Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 has high multiresistance to mercury, cadmium, and lead with MIC values of 12 mM, 8 mM, and 18 mM, respectively. Furthermore, it is also resistant to heavy metal mixture of 4.5 mM. The mechanism of bacterial resistance in response to heavy metal toxicity, in general, is by accumulating heavy metals in the cells. The highest amount of accumulated heavy metals identified, from bacteria grown in the medium contains a mixture of heavy metals, were 0.023 mg, 0.084 mg, 0.684 mg, and 1.476 mg per gram of cell dry weight for copper, mercury, cadmium and lead respectively. In conclusion, Acinetobacter sp. IrC2 is a promising heavy metal bioremediation agent due to its heavy metal multiresistance and accumulator characteristics. Key words: Acinetobacter sp. IrC2; cadmium; copper; lead; merkuri

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Volaric, Ana, Zorica Svircev, Dragana Tamindzija, and Dragan Radnovic. "Microbial bioremediation of heavy metals." Chemical Industry 75, no. 2 (2021): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind200915010v.

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Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, due to metal ions persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity. There are many conventional physical and chemical techniques traditionally used for environmental clean-up. Due to several drawbacks regarding these methods, the use of living organisms, or bioremediation, is becoming more prevalent. Biotechnological application of microorganisms is already successfully implemented and is in constant development, with many microbial strains successfully removing heavy metals. This paper provides an overview of the main heavy metal characteristics and describes the interactions with microorganisms. Key heavy metal resistance mechanisms in microorganisms are described, as well as the main principles and types of heavy metal bioremediation methods, with details on successful pilot scale bioreactor studies. Special attention should be given to indigenous bacteria isolated from the polluted environments since such species are already adapted to contamination and possess resistance mechanisms. Utilization of bacterial biofilms or consortia could be advantageous due to higher resistance and a combination of several metabolic pathways, and thus, the possibility to remove several heavy metals simultaneously. Novel technologies covered in this review, such as nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and metagenomics, are being introduced to the field of bioremediation in order to improve the process. To conclude, bioremediation is a potentially powerful solution for cleaning the environment.

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Canpolat, Elif, and Burcu Biterge-Süt. "Determination of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Paenibacillus lautus 51ATA." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1465-1468.2824.

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Microbial and chemical contamination is one of the biggest environmental problems since exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, such as food poisoning bacteria and their biological by-products, are often associated with disease and allergic reactions. Paenibacillus lautus is an aerobic or facultative anaerobic opportunistic bacterial pathogen, which is found in a variety of sources. In this study, we isolated and characterized P. lautus from Niğde Province, which is a wastewater disposal area and therefore presents a great source of contamination. The bacterial isolate was grown, colony morphology and Gram-reactions were observed. Bacteria were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, which was performed using DNA samples isolated from pure cultures and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing results were compared against known bacterial strains using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) across databases. Antibiotic resistance against 20 different antibiotics and heavy metal resistance against different concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, chromium and silver containing compounds were tested via disk diffusion method. Inhibition zones were examined and minimum inhibitory concentrations were recorded. Our results indicated that P. lautus was resistant to a certain set of antibiotics, while it was sensitive against others. Similarly, the bacteria were resistant against high concentrations of most metals tested. In summary, this study provided the first data regarding the isolation and characterization of Paenibacillus lautus strain from a local source in Turkey, which will account as preliminary data and guide our future efforts to fight against microbial contaminations.

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González-Aravena, M., R. Urtubia, K. Del Campo, P. Lavín, C. M. V. L. Wong, C. A. Cárdenas, and G. González-Rocha. "Antibiotic and metal resistance of cultivable bacteria in the Antarctic sea urchin." Antarctic Science 28, no. 4 (May 5, 2016): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102016000109.

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AbstractIn this paper we report the first characterization of cultivable bacteria obtained from the Antarctic sea urchinSterechinus neumayeri. The coelomic fluid was obtained from a pool of sea urchins which was plated onto different media to isolate the bacteria. A total of 42 isolates of psychrotrophic and aerobic γ-Proteobacteria (59.5%), Flavobacteria (33.3%) and Actinomycetes (7.2%) were isolated and sequenced. These bacteria were exposed to heavy metals and antibiotics, where 38 strains were analysed by the minimal inhibitory concentration method. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 44% of cultivable strains, and a further 13% presented co-resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. The genera of bacteria that showed an increased resistance and co-resistance to metals and antibiotics wereFlavobacterium,PsychrobacterandPseudomonas. Additionally, 30.9% of isolated bacterial strains contained plasmids, which are probably related to resistance and co-resistance to metals. These results indicate that sea urchin-associated bacteria could be reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes.

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Ntung Nseabasi-Maina, Gideon Chijoke Okpokwasili, and Obioma Agwa. "Heavy metals tolerance in bacteria from industrial wastewater." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0181.

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The incidence of chemical stressors in industrial waste effluents has culminated in the re-engineering the genetic and metabolic characteristic of resident microbiota. Microbial adaptability enables them to tolerate these stressors however, propelling the phenomena of acquisition of heavy metal resistance which may also incite resistance to antibiotics. Waste water from industrial establishments may travel from site into surrounding communities via canals and waterways thus, disseminating these stressors as well as resistance in the environment. This study seeks to investigate the physicochemical and heavy metal composition of industrial effluent and its tolerance in resilient bacteria from the study area. Physiochemical analyses revealed pH level which ranged between (5.8-10.87), BOD (6.612-16.01 mg/l), TDS (937.226-2173.49 mg/l), Sulphates (658.72- 1342.28 mg/l), Nitrates (11.46-70.16 mg/l), Phosphate (3.03-8.43 mg/l) exceeded the NESRA limits; Cu (0.024-4.521 mg/l) Cd (0.002-6.41 mg/l), Pb (0.001-8.151mg/l), Zn (0.511-6.092 mg/l). All the isolates showed marked tolerance to Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and Zn at concentrations between 200 and 500µg/ml, except Alkanindiges sp. 5-0-9 and Bacillus altitudinis which were not susceptible to all the heavy metals at all concentrations. This study revealed the incidence of heavy metal resistance among bacterial isolates from industrial wastewater, the incidence of which could give rise to co-occurrence with antibiotic resistance thus, aggravating a public health concern.

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Glibota, Nicolás, Mª José Grande, Antonio Galvez, and Elena Ortega. "Genetic Determinants for Metal Tolerance and Antimicrobial Resistance Detected in Bacteria Isolated from Soils of Olive Tree Farms." Antibiotics 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080476.

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Copper-derived compounds are often used in olive tree farms. In a previous study, a collection of bacterial strains isolated from olive tree farms were identified and tested for phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and heavy metal tolerance. The aim of this work was to study the genetic determinants of resistance and to evaluate the co-occurrence of metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes. Both metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes (including beta-lactamase genes) were detected in the bacterial strains from Cu-treated soils. A high percentage of the strains positive for metal tolerance genes also carried antibiotic resistance genes, especially for genes involved in resistances to beta-lactams and tetracycline. Significant associations were detected between genes involved in copper tolerance and genes coding for beta-lactamases or tetracycline resistance mechanisms. A significant association was also detected between zntA (coding for a Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase) and tetC genes. In conclusion, bacteria from soils of Cu-treated olive farms may carry both metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes. The positive associations detected between metal tolerance genes and antibiotic resistance genes suggests co-selection of such genetic traits by exposure to metals.

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Neethu, C. S., K. M. Mujeeb Rahiman, A. V. Saramma, and A. A. Mohamed Hatha. "Heavy-metal resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from Kongsfjord, Arctic." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 6 (June 2015): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0803.

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Isolation and characterization of heterotrophic Gram-negative bacteria was carried out from the sediment and water samples collected from Kongsfjord, Arctic. In this study, the potential of Arctic bacteria to tolerate heavy metals that are of ecological significance to the Arctic (selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) was investigated. Quantitative assay of 130 isolates by means of plate diffusion and tube dilution methods was carried out by incorporation of different concentrations of metals. Growth in Se and Pb at a concentration of 3000 μg/L was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.0001) than at 2000 μg/L. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Cd and Hg was 50 μg/L (P ≤ 0.0001, F = 264.23 and P ≤ 0.0001, F = 291.08, respectively) even though in the tube dilution test, Hg-containing tubes showed much less growth, revealing its superior toxicity to Cd. Thus, the level of toxicity of heavy metals was found to be in the order of Hg > Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb > Se. Multiple-metal-resistant isolates were investigated for their resistance against antibiotics, and a positive correlation was observed between antibiotic and metal resistance for all the isolates tested. The resistant organisms thus observed might influence the organic and inorganic cycles in the Arctic and affect the ecosystem.

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Efe, Derya. "Potential Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria with Heavy Metal Resistance." Current Microbiology 77, no. 12 (September 22, 2020): 3861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02208-8.

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De Fretes, Charlie Ester, Lies Indah Sutiknowati, and Dede Falahudin. "Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri toleran logam berat dari sedimen mangrove di Pengudang dan Tanjung Uban, Pulau Bintan, Indonesia." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2019.v4i2.244.

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Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metals Tolerant Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment in Pengudang and Tanjung Uban, Bintan Island, Indonesia. Bacterial searches for remediation of heavy metal pollutants continue to be carried out due to the increasing pollution in the ecosystem as a result of industrialization. This research aims to identification bacteria strains that are tolerant of heavy metals from mangrove sediments in the Pengudang and Tanjung Uban, Bintan Island in 2018. Bacterial isolation was carried out by pour plate method and purified using marine agar (MA) medium. Screening of bacterial isolates was carried out by growing isolates on MA medium with the addition of 100 ppm Pb. In addition, the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed on the isolates were tolerant to Pb, Cu, and Cd by addition of heavy metals in 50-1000 ppm concentrations. Identification of heavy metal tolerant isolates was carried out by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results of bacterial isolation from mangrove sediments obtained 48 isolates used for testing the ability of heavy metals tolerant. Screening tests showed that PGD1A, PGD5A, PGD22A, PGD1B, PGD9B, PGD5C, PGD6C, TJU1, TJU5, and TJU7 isolates were heavy metal resistant. The results showed that bacterial isolated from mangrove sediments had MIC values of 800-900 ppm for Pb, 100-800 ppm for Cu and 100-200 ppm for Cd. There are 3 isolates that have high resistance to three kinds of heavy metals such as Bacillus oceanisediminis PGD1A, Vibrio alginolyticus PGD5A, and Halobacillus kuroshimensis PGD9B. This indicates that the isolate can be used efficiently for removal of heavy metals from the ecosystem.

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Krishna, M. P., Rinoy Varghese, and A. A. Mohamed Hatha. "Heavy metal tolerance and multiple drug resistance of heterotrophic bacterial isolates from metal contaminated soil." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12006.

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The development of multiple metal/antibiotic resistances among the bacterial population causes a potential risk to human health. Metal contamination in natural environments could have an important role in the maintenance and proliferation of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, a total of 46 heterotrophic bacterial isolates from metal contaminated soil were tested for their sensitivity to 10 widely used antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, penicillin, amikacin, lincomycin, novobiocin, vancomycin and tetracycline. Metal tolerant ability of these isolates against five heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, cadmium and nickel were also determined. The results revealed that most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to one or more heavy metals/ antibiotics against which they are tested. Tolerance to heavy metal showed the following pattern; lead > zinc > nickel > copper > cadmium. Resistance to ampicillin (73.91%), penicillin (60.8%), lincomycin (43.47%) and nalidixic acid (21.73%) were encountered frequently. None of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, while resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline were low (2.17%). Out of the 46 bacterial isolates, 36 isolates showed multiple metal and antibiotic resistances. Isolate LOC 10 showed significantly high tolerance (100-300�g/mL) to all the metals and was resistant to 6 antibiotics.

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Yang, Yushuang, Mingzhong Hu, Dandan Zhou, Wei Fan, Xiaoyu Wang, and Mingxin Huo. "Bioremoval of Cu2+ from CMP wastewater by a novel copper-resistant bacterium Cupriavidus gilardii CR3: characteristics and mechanisms." RSC Advances 7, no. 30 (2017): 18793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01163f.

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Pristas, Peter, Zuzana Stramova, Simona Kvasnova, Jana Judova, Zuzana Perhacova, Barbora Vidova, Zuzana Sramkova, and Andrej Godany. "Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Waste Disposal Sites As A Source Of Poly-Extremotolerant Bacteria." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2015-0015.

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Abstract Waste disposal sites from non-ferrous metal industry constitute environments very hostile for life due to the presence of very specialized abiotic factors (pH, salt concentration, heavy metals content). In our experiments microflora of two waste disposal sites in Slovakia – brown mud disposal site from aluminium production near Ziar nad Hronom and nickel sludge disposal site near Sered - was analyzed for cultivable bacteria. Isolated bacteria were characterized by a combination of classical microbiological approaches and molecular methods and the most of isolated bacteria shown a poly-extremotolerant phenotype. The most frequently halotolerant (resistant to the high level of salt concentrations) and alkalitolerant (resistant to the high pH level) bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria class were detected. The most of bacteria shown very high level of heavy metal resistance e.g. more than 500 μg/ml for Zn2+ or Cu2+. Based on our data, waste disposal sites thus on one side represents an important environmental burden but on other side they are a source of new poly-extremotolerant bacterial strains and species possibly used in many biotechnology and bioremediation applications.

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Kumar, Sanjeev, Arindam Adhikary, Rashmi Saini, and Pankaj Bhardwaj. "Pseudomonas: A Major Bacteria in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil of South-West Punjab, India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 01 (January 1, 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.5.

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Soil microflora is continuously changing with altered soil conditions. These soil alterations are a consequence of heavy metals entering and affecting every sphere of life. Heavy metals are not only hazardous for crops but also affect the soil microbial community. Soil bacteria with the potential of plant growth promotion and multiple metal resistances can be an instrument for crop improvement and heavy metal detoxification. In this study, predominant bacterial community associated with the heavy metal contaminated soil was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in association with culture-based techniques. Elemental metal analysis of collected soil samples showed an elevated level of metal content in the soil. 16S rRNA gene analysis and phylogenetic analysis of 126 bacterial clones revealed the probable predominance of Pseudomonas (40.48%) followed by Flavisolibacter (13.49%). Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, nine Pseudomonas strains were selected from the soil and were further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with 92%-100% similarity with Pseudomonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum tolerance capacity (MTC) of three essential metals Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined individually and in combinations. It was found that Zn is the most toxic metal among the three metals and the metal showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting microbial growth when used in combinations. Presence of three metal resistant/tolerant genes czcA, pcoA and copB were also determined in the isolated Pseudomonas sp. by PCR. The soil in this region has high concentrations of heavy metals. The indigenous Pseudomonas sp. has multiple metal resistances and can be used for bioremediation of heavy metals and microbe assisted phytoremediation.

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M Z., Cik Syahrizawati, Ikhwanuddin M., Wendy W., Zulhisyam AK, and Lee SW. "Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Diseased Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v3i3.529.

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A total of 320 bacteria isolated from marketable size and diseased mud crab (Scylla serrata) at a commercial farm. The isolated bacteria were Aeromonas spp. n = 70, Edwardsiella tarda n = 50, Vibrio alginolyticus n = 40, Vibrio parahaemolyticus n = 20, Salmonella spp. n = 70 and Klebsiella spp. n = 70. All the bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 16 types of antibiotics by using disk diffusion method. The antibiotics tested in this study were nalidixic acid (30 ?g/disk), oxolinic acid (2 ?g/disk), compound sulphonamides (300 ?g/disk), doxycycline (30 ?g/disk), tetracycline (30 ?g/disk), novobiocin (30 ?g/disk), chloramphenicol (30 ?g/disk), kanamycin (30 ?g/disk), sulphamethoxazole (25 ?g/disk), flumequine (30 ?g/disk), erythromycin (15 ?g/disk), ampicillin (10 ?g/disk), spiramycin (100 ?g/disk), oxytetracycline (30 ?g/disk), amoxycillin (25 ?g/disk) and fosfomycin (50 ?g/disk). Heavy metal resistance pattern of the present bacterial isolates was also characterized against mercury (Hg2+), chromium (Cr6+), copper (Cu2+), and Zinc (Zn2+) by using two fold agar dilution method. The percentage of antibiotic sensitivity of the present bacterial isolates was ranged from 12.5 % to 100 % in which most of the present bacteria isolates were not sensitive to ampicillin whereas all the bacteria isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, flumequine and oxytetracycline. Overall, the total of antibiotic sensitive case was reported as 72.7% whereas antibiotic resistance and intermediate sensitive case was recorded as 19.7% and 7.4 %, respectively. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) values were range of 0.03 to 0.29 in which Aeromonas spp (0.29) showed the highest value of MAR. This was followed by Salmonella spp. (0.21) and Klebsiella spp. (0.21), Edwardsiella tarda (0.20), Vibrio alginolyticus (0.09) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (0.03). The MAR value indicated that the commercial S. serrata were not contaminated to the test antibiotics. Furthermore, low resistance activity of the present bacterial isolates to the tested heavy metals (Cr6+: 20.7 % to 30.8 %, Zn2+: 0 % to 40 %, Cu2+: 18.8 % to 25 % and Hg2+: 30 % to 33.3 %) was observed.

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Silver, Simon, and Le T. Phung. "BACTERIAL HEAVY METAL RESISTANCE: New Surprises." Annual Review of Microbiology 50, no. 1 (October 1996): 753–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.50.1.753.

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Eghomwanre, A. F., N. O. Obayagbona, O. Osarenotor, and B. J. Enagbonma. "Evaluation of antibiotic resistance patterns and heavy metals tolerance of some bacteria isolated from contaminated soils and sediments from Warri, Delta State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.8.

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This work investigated the antibiotic resistance patterns and heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) tolerance of selected bacteria isolated from contaminated soils and sediments around Warri area of Delta State. The heterotrophic bacterial counts for the sampled soils and sediments ranged from 1.7×105 cfu/g to 5.7×105cfu/g for Ubeji river sediments, 1.0×105 cfu/g to 9.0×105cfu/g for spare parts dumpsite and 1.2×104cfu/g to 9.0×104 cfu/g for Ifie depot sites respectively. The characterized bacterial isolates included; Klebsiella sp, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella mobilis and Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Bacterial isolates showed multiple drug resistance and the most resistant isolates were S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeroginosa while K. mobilis exhibited the least resistance. The tolerance of the bacterial isolates exposed to varying concentrations of Pb2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+was ascertained using agar diffusion method. All the bacterial isolates exhibited varying degree of susceptibility at different concentrations of Pb and Cd while the organisms displayed abundant and moderate growth in the presence of Fe and Zn even at higher concentrations. The ability of these bacteria to resist antibiotics and heavy metal tolerance could present serious danger to the environment as the resistance genes may be transferred to surrounding wild type microbial cells.Keywords: Heavy metals, Antibiotics resistance, tolerance, Ubeji river sediments, Warri

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Farias, Pedro, Christophe Espírito Santo, Rita Branco, Romeu Francisco, Susana Santos, Lars Hansen, Soren Sorensen, and Paula V. Morais. "Natural Hot Spots for Gain of Multiple Resistances: Arsenic and Antibiotic Resistances in Heterotrophic, Aerobic Bacteria from Marine Hydrothermal Vent Fields." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (January 30, 2015): 2534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03240-14.

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ABSTRACTMicroorganisms are responsible for multiple antibiotic resistances that have been associated with resistance/tolerance to heavy metals, with consequences to public health. Many genes conferring these resistances are located on mobile genetic elements, easily exchanged among phylogenetically distant bacteria. The objective of the present work was to isolate arsenic-, antimonite-, and antibiotic-resistant strains and to determine the existence of plasmids harboring antibiotic/arsenic/antimonite resistance traits in phenotypically resistant strains, in a nonanthropogenically impacted environment. The hydrothermal Lucky Strike field in the Azores archipelago (North Atlantic, between 11°N and 38°N), at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, protected under the OSPAR Convention, was sampled as a metal-rich pristine environment. A total of 35 strains from 8 different species were isolated in the presence of arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite. ACR3 andarsBgenes were amplified from the sediment's total DNA, and 4 isolates also carried ACR3 genes. Phenotypic multiple resistances were found in all strains, and 7 strains had recoverable plasmids. Purified plasmids were sequenced by Illumina and assembled by EDENA V3, and contig annotation was performed using the “Rapid Annotation using the Subsystems Technology” server. Determinants of resistance to copper, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, and chromium as well as to the antibiotics β-lactams and fluoroquinolones were found in the 3 sequenced plasmids. Genes coding for heavy metal resistance and antibiotic resistance in the same mobile element were found, suggesting the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and distribution of theses resistances in the bacterial population.

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Jan, Rahmatullah, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Lubna, In-Jung Lee, and Kyung Min Kim. "Metal Resistant Endophytic Bacteria Reduces Cadmium, Nickel Toxicity, and Enhances Expression of Metal Stress Related Genes with Improved Growth of Oryza Sativa, via Regulating Its Antioxidant Machinery and Endogenous Hormones." Plants 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100363.

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The tolerance of plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs) against various concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) was investigated. Two glutathione-producing bacterial strains (Enterobacter ludwigii SAK5 and Exiguobacterium indicum SA22) were screened for Cd and Ni accumulation and tolerance in contaminated media, which showed resistance up to 1.0 mM. Both strains were further evaluated by inoculating specific plants with the bacteria for five days prior to heavy metal treatment (0.5 and 1.0 mM). The enhancement of biomass and growth attributes such as the root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and chlorophyll content were compared between treated inoculated plants and treated non-inoculated plants. Both strains significantly increased the accumulation of Cd and Ni in inoculated plants. The accumulation of both heavy metals was higher in the roots than in the shoots, however; Ni accumulation was greater than Cd. Heavy metal stress-responsive genes such as OsGST, OsMTP1, and OsPCS1 were significantly upregulated in treated non-inoculated plants compared with treated inoculated plants, suggesting that both strains reduced heavy metal stress. Similarly, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased with increased heavy metal concentration; however, it was reduced in inoculated plants compared with non-inoculated plants. Salicylic acid (SA) was found to exert synergistic effects with ABA. The application of suitable endophytic bacteria can protect against heavy metal hyperaccumulation by enhancing detoxification mechanisms.

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Kang, Chang-Ho, and Jae-Seong So. "Heavy metal and antibiotic resistance of ureolytic bacteria and their immobilization of heavy metals." Ecological Engineering 97 (December 2016): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.10.016.

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Brown, N. L., J. R. Lloyd, K. Jakeman, J. L. Hobman, I. Bontidean, B. Mattiasson, and E. Csöregi. "Heavy metal resistance genes and proteins in bacteria and their application." Biochemical Society Transactions 26, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0260662.

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Arroyo-Herrera, Ivan, Brenda Román-Ponce, Ana Laura Reséndiz-Martínez, Paulina Estrada-de los Santos, En Tao Wang, and María Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta. "Heavy-metal resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria from Lerma–Chapala basin." Archives of Microbiology 203, no. 4 (January 24, 2021): 1807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02140-2.

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Alotaibi, Badriyah Shadid, Maryam Khan, and Saba Shamim. "Unraveling the Underlying Heavy Metal Detoxification Mechanisms of Bacillus Species." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081628.

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The rise of anthropogenic activities has resulted in the increasing release of various contaminants into the environment, jeopardizing fragile ecosystems in the process. Heavy metals are one of the major pollutants that contribute to the escalating problem of environmental pollution, being primarily introduced in sensitive ecological habitats through industrial effluents, wastewater, as well as sewage of various industries. Where heavy metals like zinc, copper, manganese, and nickel serve key roles in regulating different biological processes in living systems, many heavy metals can be toxic even at low concentrations, such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, and can accumulate in intricate food chains resulting in health concerns. Over the years, many physical and chemical methods of heavy metal removal have essentially been investigated, but their disadvantages like the generation of chemical waste, complex downstream processing, and the uneconomical cost of both methods, have rendered them inefficient,. Since then, microbial bioremediation, particularly the use of bacteria, has gained attention due to the feasibility and efficiency of using them in removing heavy metals from contaminated environments. Bacteria have several methods of processing heavy metals through general resistance mechanisms, biosorption, adsorption, and efflux mechanisms. Bacillus spp. are model Gram-positive bacteria that have been studied extensively for their biosorption abilities and molecular mechanisms that enable their survival as well as their ability to remove and detoxify heavy metals. This review aims to highlight the molecular methods of Bacillus spp. in removing various heavy metals ions from contaminated environments.

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Li, Yuan, Nicolas Carraro, Nan Yang, Bixiu Liu, Xian Xia, Renwei Feng, Quaiser Saquib, Hend Al-Wathnani, Jan van der Meer, and Christopher Rensing. "Genomic Islands Confer Heavy Metal Resistance in Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis and Mucilaginibacter rubeus Isolated from a Gold/Copper Mine." Genes 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120573.

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Heavy metals (HMs) are compounds that can be hazardous and impair growth of living organisms. Bacteria have evolved the capability not only to cope with heavy metals but also to detoxify polluted environments. Three heavy metal-resistant strains of Mucilaginibacer rubeus and one of Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis were isolated from the gold/copper Zijin mining site, Longyan, Fujian, China. These strains were shown to exhibit high resistance to heavy metals with minimal inhibitory concentration reaching up to 3.5 mM Cu(II), 21 mM Zn(II), 1.2 mM Cd(II), and 10.0 mM As(III). Genomes of the four strains were sequenced by Illumina. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of a high abundance of heavy metal resistance (HMR) determinants. One of the strain, M. rubeus P2, carried genes encoding 6 putative PIB-1-ATPase, 5 putative PIB-3-ATPase, 4 putative Zn(II)/Cd(II) PIB-4 type ATPase, and 16 putative resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type metal transporter systems. Moreover, the four genomes contained a high abundance of genes coding for putative metal binding chaperones. Analysis of the close vicinity of these HMR determinants uncovered the presence of clusters of genes potentially associated with mobile genetic elements. These loci included genes coding for tyrosine recombinases (integrases) and subunits of mating pore (type 4 secretion system), respectively allowing integration/excision and conjugative transfer of numerous genomic islands. Further in silico analyses revealed that their genetic organization and gene products resemble the Bacteroides integrative and conjugative element CTnDOT. These results highlight the pivotal role of genomic islands in the acquisition and dissemination of adaptive traits, allowing for rapid adaption of bacteria and colonization of hostile environments.

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Islam, Md Monirul, Pronabananda Das, Md Monirul Islam, Sheikh Rashel Ahmed, Md Liakat Hossain, M. H. Kabir, and A. N. K. Mamun. "HEAVY METAL TOLERANT BACTERIA ISOLATED AND DETECTED FROM THE EFFLUENT OF HAZARIBAGH TANNERY INDUSTRY IN DHAKA CITY." Bacterial Empire 3, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.2020.3.3.14-19.

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The tanning industry is held to be an activity with the high budding for environmental pollution all over the world. Many Bacterial strains isolated from natural resources have been found to possess unique properties which make them useful for environmental cleans ups. So it is very important to find out an alternative ecofriendly way for the treatment of contaminated effluent. The objective of this study was to isolate, explore and pick out natural occurring bacteria capable of reducing heavy metals from tannery effluent collected from the Hazaribagh tannery industry of Dhaka. The pH value of all the effluents samples were ranged from 7.12 to 7.91. Five bacterial strains were confirmed as Bacillus bataviensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, Micrococcus antarcticus, Bacillus proteolyticus and Bacillus paranthracis on the basis of their morphological, cultural, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Among these five strains, Bacillus bataviensisD1 exhibited higher resistance to cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) up to the amount of 550 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, 1050 µg/mL and 1100µg/mL respectively. Bacillus aryabhattai D2 and Micrococcus antarcticus D3 showed similar result to chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb), but Bacillus proteolyticus B1 showed higher resistance to nickel (Ni) that is up to 250 µg/mL. From these results, it can be suggested that the identified heavy metal-adapted bacteria could be useful for the biosorption of heavy metal contaminated effluent.

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Djouadi, Lydia Neïla, Okba Selama, Ahmed Abderrahmani, Amel Bouanane-Darenfed, Lamia Abdellaziz, Meriam Amziane, Marie-Laure Fardeau, and Farida Nateche. "Multiresistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from polluted rivers and first detection of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the Algerian aquatic environment." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 4 (March 25, 2017): 566–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.309.

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Opportunistic infections constitute a major challenge for modern medicine mainly because the involved bacteria are usually multiresistant to antibiotics. Most of these bacteria possess remarkable ability to adapt to various ecosystems, including those exposed to anthropogenic activities. This study isolated and identified 21 multiresistant opportunistic bacteria from two polluted rivers, located in Algiers. Cadmium, lead, and copper concentrations were determined for both water samples to evaluate heavy metal pollution. High prevalence of Enterobacteria and non-fermentative Gram-negative rods was found and a nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) strain was isolated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of NTM in the Algerian environment. The strains were tested for their resistance against 34 antibiotics and 8 heavy metals. Multiple antibiotics and heavy metals resistance was observed in all isolates. The two most resistant strains, identified as Acinetobacter sp. and Citrobacter freundii, were submitted to plasmid curing to determine if resistance genes were plasmid or chromosome encoded. Citrobacter freundii strain P18 showed a high molecular weight plasmid which seems to code for resistance to zinc, lead, and tetracycline, at the same time. These findings strongly suggest that anthropized environments constitute a reservoir for multiresistant opportunistic bacteria and for circulating resistance genes.

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Junaid, Kashaf, Hasan Ejaz, Iram Asim, Sonia Younas, Humaira Yasmeen, Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla, Khalid Omer Abdalla Abosalif, et al. "Heavy Metal Tolerance Trend in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Strains Recovered from Food Samples." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094718.

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This study evaluates bacteriological profiles in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and assesses antibiotic resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by gram-negative bacteria, and heavy metal tolerance. In total, 436 retail food samples were collected and cultured. The isolates were screened for ESBL production and molecular detection of ESBL-encoding genes. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for heavy metal tolerance. From 352 culture-positive samples, 406 g-negative bacteria were identified. Raw food samples were more often contaminated than refined food (84.71% vs. 76.32%). The predominant isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 76), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 58), and Escherichia coli (n = 56). Overall, the percentage of ESBL producers was higher in raw food samples, although higher occurrences of ESBL-producing E. coli (p = 0.01) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p = 0.02) were observed in processed food samples. However, the prevalence of ESBL-producing Citrobacter freundii in raw food samples was high (p = 0.03). Among the isolates, 55% were blaCTX-M, 26% were blaSHV, and 19% were blaTEM. Notably, heavy metal resistance was highly prevalent in ESBL producers. These findings demonstrate that retail food samples are exposed to contaminants including antibiotics and heavy metals, endangering consumers.

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Dong, Qinghan, Dirk Springeal, Jef Schoeters, Gust Nuyts, Max Mergeay, and Ludo Diels. "Horizontal transfer of bacterial heavy metal resistance genes and its applications in activated sludge systems." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1998): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0696.

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The bacterial nickel (Ni) resistance determinant ncc-nre of Alcaligenes 31A strain cloned to an IncQ broad-host-range plasmid pKT240 gave rise to pMOL222. The plasmid was subsequently mobilized into various Eubacteria and found to confer an increased Ni resistance on these recipients. An increase of Ni resistance was also observed after the transfer of pMOL222 into activated sludge bacteria by plate mating. The dissemination of pMOL222 into an activated sludge pilot stabilized the system during a heavy metal shock loading with 0.25 mM Ni.

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Garg, Neera, and Priyanka Singla. "Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Alterations in Redox Buffer Synchronize Antioxidant Network to Alleviate Salt Induced Oxidative Burden in Host Legumes and their Nodules : A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 2, no. 1 and 2 (October 31, 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v2i1-2.6617.

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Soil microflora is continuously changing with altered soil conditions. These soil alterations are a consequence of heavy metals entering and affecting every sphere of life. Heavy metals are not only hazardous for crops but also affect the soil microbial community. Soil bacteria with the potential of plant growth promotion and multiple metal resistances can be an instrument for crop improvement and heavy metal detoxification. In this study, predominant bacterial community associated with the heavy metal contaminated soil was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in association with culture-based techniques. Elemental metal analysis of collected soil samples showed an elevated level of metal content in the soil. 16S rRNA gene analysis and phylogenetic analysis of 126 bacterial clones revealed the probable predominance of Pseudomonas (40.48%) followed by Flavisolibacter (13.49%). Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, nine Pseudomonas strains were selected from the soil and were further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with 92%-100% similarity with Pseudomonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum tolerance capacity (MTC) of three essential metals Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined individually and in combinations. It was found that Zn is the most toxic metal among the three metals and the metal showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting microbial growth when used in combinations. Presence of three metal resistant/tolerant genes czcA, pcoA and copB were also determined in the isolated Pseudomonas sp. by PCR. The soil in this region has high concentrations of heavy metals. The indigenous Pseudomonas sp. has multiple metal resistances and can be used for bioremediation of heavy metals and microbe assisted phytoremediation.

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Bajpai, Rajesh, C. P. Singh, and D. K. Upreti. "Lichenological Practices for Monitoring Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change in India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 03 (July 31, 2019): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i03.0.

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Abstract:

Soil microflora is continuously changing with altered soil conditions. These soil alterations are a consequence of heavy metals entering and affecting every sphere of life. Heavy metals are not only hazardous for crops but also affect the soil microbial community. Soil bacteria with the potential of plant growth promotion and multiple metal resistances can be an instrument for crop improvement and heavy metal detoxification. In this study, predominant bacterial community associated with the heavy metal contaminated soil was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in association with culture-based techniques. Elemental metal analysis of collected soil samples showed an elevated level of metal content in the soil. 16S rRNA gene analysis and phylogenetic analysis of 126 bacterial clones revealed the probable predominance of Pseudomonas (40.48%) followed by Flavisolibacter (13.49%). Based on morphological and biochemical characterization, nine Pseudomonas strains were selected from the soil and were further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing with 92%-100% similarity with Pseudomonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum tolerance capacity (MTC) of three essential metals Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined individually and in combinations. It was found that Zn is the most toxic metal among the three metals and the metal showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting microbial growth when used in combinations. Presence of three metal resistant/tolerant genes czcA, pcoA and copB were also determined in the isolated Pseudomonas sp. by PCR. The soil in this region has high concentrations of heavy metals. The indigenous Pseudomonas sp. has multiple metal resistances and can be used for bioremediation of heavy metals and microbe assisted phytoremediation.

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Mahzer, Masooma, Mawra Gohar, and Sumaira Mazher. "Plasmid Profiling and Effect of Different Physiological Parameters on the Chromium Reduction Potential of Microbes." JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v1i2.14.

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Chromium is toxic for both human and aquatic life. It is recommended to eradicate from wastewaters or to alter its oxidation state to less toxic level The purpose of current research was to isolate heavy metal (Cr) resistant bacteria from different industrial effluents (soil and waste water), to determine their potential for chromium reduction (CRP) at different parameters (time period, pH, temperature and concentrations of chromium) and to determine the plasmid profiles of Cr (VI) resistant bacterial isolates. The growth of chromium resistant bacteria was determined by checking the influence of pH, concentration of chromium, time period and temperature on isolates using UV spectrophotometer, while chromium reduction potential was also investigated using Deleo and Ehrlich method. Plasmid profiling was performed and analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%) to determine the number, size and relationship of plasmid with heavy metal resistance. Results showed that the identified bacterial isolates (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) were resistant to heavy metal (Cr) confirmed by resistance profiling. The maximum growth of bacterial isolate was recorded after 24-hour incubation period (1.154), at pH 8 (1.512), temperature 37ºC (1.615) and 500 µg/mL chromium concentration (1.978), while suitable conditions observed for chromium reduction potential was 24-hour incubation period (57%), pH 7 (62.6%), temperature 30ºC (60%), and 500 µg/mL concentration of chromium (60%). The plasmid profiles revealed that plasmid were randomly distributed among the bacterial isolates with average plasmid number (2.9) ranging from 0-5 and molecular size (100-12000bps). Overall, no defined relationship was observed among resistance pattern and plasmid mediated profiles.

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Wnorowski, Aleksandra U. "Resistance to antibiotics of heavy metal‐tolerant and heavy metal‐sensitive bacterial strains." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 28, no. 1 (January 1993): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529309375872.

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Roane, T. M., and S. T. Kellogg. "Characterization of bacterial communities in heavy metal contaminated soils." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-080.

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Heavy metal pollution is a principle source of environmental contamination. We analyzed heavy metal impacted soil microbial communities and found that, in general, although lead adversely affected biomass, metabolic activity, and diversity, autochthonous lead- and cadmium-resistant isolates were found. In several metal-stressed soils, the microbial community consisted of two populations, either resistant or sensitive to lead. Additionally, a lead-resistant isolate was isolated from a control soil with no known previous exposure to lead, suggesting widespread lead resistance. Lead-resistant genera isolated included Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Enterobacter species. Plasmids, ranging from 5 to 260 kb, were not detected through standard purifications from lead-resistant isolates. Positive correlations existed between antibiotic resistance and isolation habitat for lead-resistant strains, microbial metabolic activity and soil type, soluble lead concentration and microbial diversity, and arsenic concentration and total or viable cell concentrations.Key words: heavy metal, lead, cadmium, soil bacteria, stress, remediation.

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Nithya, Chari, Balasubramanian Gnanalakshmi, and Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian. "Assessment and characterization of heavy metal resistance in Palk Bay sediment bacteria." Marine Environmental Research 71, no. 4 (May 2011): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.02.003.

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Abidin, Zaima Azira Zainal, Puteri Nur Ezzati Badaruddin, and Ahmed Jalal Khan Chowdhury. "Isolation of heavy metal resistance bacteria from lake sediment of IIUM, Kuantan." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 188 (2020): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25298.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy metal resistance bacteria'

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