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Rudy, Sri Utami, Wahyu Harso, Ramadanil, Moh Iqbal, and Prismawiryanti. "Fitoremediasi Air Tercemar Nikel (Ni) dan Merkuri (Hg) Menggunakan Tanaman Azolla filiculoides Lam." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 10, no. 2 (2024): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2024.v10.i2.17343.
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Water pollution from settlements, agriculture, and industry is a significant issue, as it introduces pollutants like heavy metals into water bodies, harming both humans and aquatic ecosystems. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective, eco-friendly technology for reducing heavy metals in water bodies. This study aimed to assess Azolla filiculoides plants' ability to absorb heavy metals nickel and mercury. The plants were grown in a hydroponic solution contaminated with 0.25 ppm of nickel and 0.5 ppm of mercury. The growth of the plants was measured based on their wet and dry weight, and the nickel and mercury content in the plant tissue was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The study found that the growth of A. filiculoides plants was unaffected by the concentration of either nickel or mercury. The amount of nickel absorbed by the plants was 0 µg/g plant dry weight, while for mercury, it was 1654.82 µg/g. Based on the results, A. filiculoides plant is more promising for use as a phytoremediation agent for water bodies contaminated with mercury heavy metals rather than nickel heavy metals.
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Esther, Isabella Eucharista. "HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN TIRUCHENDUR TALUK AND SRIVAIKUNDAM TALUK." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 2 (2017): 252–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.345682.
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Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight than that of water. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment; raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. The maximum Zn concentration was noticed in the year 2012 as 24.47±0.57µg/l in the water bodies of Tiruchendur and Srivaikundam taluk at station X. The highest Zn concentration was obtained in the water sediments as 272.33±5.01 µg/g at station 1 in the year 2012 and the concentration was high in the phytoplankton as 34.314±4.239 µg/g at station V in the year 2011. During the year 2012, the cu was found high as 22.53±15.70 µg/l at station III in the water bodies. In the sediments it was high as 63.03±13.85 µg/l at station XI during 2011. In the phytoplankton the maximum concentration was noticed at station VIII as 13.564±2.797 µg/g during 2011. During the year 2011 the highest concentration of Pb was emphasized at station VI as 11.31±1.63 µg/l in the water bodies. In the water sediments it was high at station V as 64.11±11.96 µg/g during 2011. In the phytoplankton, the concentration was measured highest at station II as 4.343±0.976 µg/g dry weight in the year 2012. All the heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and Pb were exceeded the Shale reference background value. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence and potential for human exposure.
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Patel, Harvi Arvindbhai, and Susmita Sahoo. "A Review of Water Quality Improvement with the Help of Aquatic Macrophytes." Current World Environment 15, no. 3 (2020): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.04.
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Metallic elements in the water have been rapidly increased due to the high population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Metals which have high density and high atomic weight are non-degradable, they persist in various environs, have the potentiality to enter the food chain or food web. Due to their toxic nature, heavy metallic contamination has become the most hazardous pollutant in the growing world. Therefore, reduce or remove water contamination is the predominant importance. Utilization of plants to refine water quality is a green technology, which is an effective method, environment-friendly and consumes fewer energy inputs, and also carried out less amount of cost. In this review article, we enlighten the potential of various aquatic macrophytes to reduce or remove the heavy metal contaminants from the aquatic eco-system.
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Fierro, Pablo, Jaime Tapia, Carlos Bertrán, Cristina Acuña, and Luis Vargas-Chacoff. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Edible Fish Species and Water from North Patagonia Estuary." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062492.
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Estuaries worldwide have been severely degraded and become reservoirs for many types of pollutants, such as heavy metals. This study investigated the levels of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in water and whole fish. We sampled 40 juvenile silversides Odontesthes regia and 41 juvenile puye Galaxias maculatus from the Valdivia River estuary, adjacent to the urban area in southern South America (Chile). Samples were analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In water samples, metals except Zn were mostly below the detection limits and all metals were below the maximum levels established by local guidelines in this estuary. In whole fish samples, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cd were significantly higher in puyes than in silversides. Additionally, Zn, Pb, and Mn were correlated to body length and weight in puyes, whereas Cd was correlated to body length in silversides. The mean concentration of heavy metals in silverside and puyes were higher than those reported in the literature. In silversides, all heavy metal levels were below the limits permitted by current legislation (FAO), whereas in puyes Pb and Cd levels were above the recommended maximum level established by international guidelines, therefore putting the human population at risk.
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Korzhenevska, P., O. Marenkov, I. Borovyk, and V. Sondak. "Levels of accumulation of heavy metals and activity of radionuclides in narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) of the Kamianske and Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoirs." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 4(66) (December 28, 2023): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.61976/fsu2023.04.049.
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Purpose. To determine the content of heavy metals as well as natural and artificial radionuclides in muscle tissue and carapaces of narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus of the Kamianske and Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoirs. Methodology. The material for the study were narrow-clawed crayfish collected in the spring period (March-April) 2021 in the coastal zone of the Kamianske and Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoirs. The collection of material was carried out with standard open-type crayfish traps with a mesh size No. 20, manual collection in the littoral zone as well as with the help of special baited traps. Carapaces and muscle tissue of crayfish were used to determine the content of heavy metals and radionuclides. Preparation of samples for measuring the content of heavy metals and radionuclides was carried out by separating crayfish tissues with subsequent homogenization and concentration (drying and incineration) of the collected material. The samples were dried at a temperature of +105°С to a constant weight, and then incinerated at a temperature of +450°С to obtain white ash. The content of radionuclides was determined on a gamma-beta spectrometer SE-BG-01 “AKP”. The content of heavy metals was determined on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer C115-M1 with a flame analyzer. Findings. Zn, Fe, and Cu were actively accumulated in the muscle tissue of crayfish of the Kamianske and Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoirs. This fact is explained by the intensive accumulation of elements in crayfish body that actively occurred in the course of physiological processes. Heavy metals such as Mn, Pb, Co were the most accumulated in crayfish carapace. The minimum content of heavy metals was found for Сd. It was found that Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd contents exceed the MACs in muscles of crayfish of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir by 8, 6, 6.2 and 1.65 times, respectively. The norms for the content of heavy metals in the muscle tissue of river crayfish have not been established in Ukraine today, however, a comparison of the data we obtained with the norms for live fish shows a significant excess for almost all heavy metals examined. It was found that the level of radionuclide activity of in the muscle tissue of decapods of both investigated reservoirs was due to 40K, in the carapaces - 226Ra; 90Sr activity was minimal in muscles, and 226Ra activity in carapaces. Accumulation of studied radionuclides in crayfish did not exceed the MACs for crayfish as a food product. Originality. For the first time, the levels of accumulation of heavy metals and the activity of radionuclides in the muscle tissue and carapace of narrow-clawed crayfish of the Kamianske and Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoirs were determined. The content of toxic elements that are subject to control in food raw materials and food products according to the MACs in crayfish of the Kamianske and Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoirs was determined. Practical value. The results of the work can be used during monitoring of the ecotoxicological and radioecological conditions of the aquatic environment. Also, the obtained results can be applied in the study of narrow-clawed crayfish of the Dnieper River basin. Keywords: heavy metals, radionuclides, accumulation coefficient, MAC, crayfish, Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) Reservoir, Kamianske Reservoir.
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Sharma, Deepali, and Gita Bisla. "Assessment of Heavy Metals in Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Bareilly Local Market, Uttar Pradesh State, India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (2022): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40307.
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Abstract: Heavy metals are among the contaminating agents of our food supply, and the main source of metals or the media through which living beings get exposed to various toxic metals is food and water. The concentration of heavy metals in plants is essential for good health and growth of human and animals but should be within permissible limits. Various natural and anthropogenic factors are responsible for excess metal concentration in crops. Dietary heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury can be harmful to biota as their excessive accumulation in human body can lead to systematic health problems. Fruits and vegetables are main component in diet after cereals. Hence the present study aimed to determine Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg) content in mostly consumed vegetables (onion, potato, taro root, spinach, taro root leaves, beans, jackfruit and pumpkin) and fruits (blackberry, mango and pears) during summers in Bareilly City, Uttar Pradesh. These food samples were collected from local vendors and shops from four different market sites of the city. The samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the obtained results were compared with safe limits set by different national and international agencies. Based on the data we conclude that concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of As, Pb and Hg for all samples and Al and Cd for most of the food stuffs were found exceeding the allowable limits causing potential health risk to consumers of present study area. Elevated levels of these metals in food stuffs might be due to various factors such as usage of industrial and disposal waste water for irrigation, municipal and urban runoff, fertilizers, pesticides, that contaminates the soil and hence crops absorb those metals. Some cultivation areas get exposed to atmospheric pollution found near highways, in form of metal containing aerosols. Other factors can be exposure to pollution during transportation and marketing. The prolonged consumption of unsafe concentration of metals is an alarming public health concerns, considering that metals can accumulate in organism and show negative effects by causing various disruptions of numerous biochemical processes and therefore leading to acute and chronic health outcomes. Such foodstuffs should be avoided in the diet and a regular monitoring is required to avoid the health risk among humans. Keywords: heavy metal, contamination, concentration, food sample, human, toxicity
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Saadaoui, Wassim, Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales, Claudia Sifuentes-Gallardo, et al. "Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 8941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12188941.
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Trace elements in the environmental media contribute to toxicities of different types. Their presence in the arable pedosphere is a human-health risk factor. This study focused on Vicia faba represented by two Tunisian varieties of bean (Mamdouh) and faba bean (Badii). The objective was to analyze the effects of lead, copper and cadmium on their growth, chlorophyll-content and carotenoids-content, as well as the bioaccumulation and translocation factor, at different stages of growth. For each metal, the concentrations the plants were subjected to were 6, 0.3 and 0.03 mg/L of the metal in the compound for lead nitrate, copper nitrate and cadmium acetate, respectively. The analysis was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ICP-MS), encompassing all the parts of the plant. The authors detected a perceptible decrease in the fresh weight of roots and shoots, as well as a drop in the chlorophyll and carotenoid, for all the three heavy metals. Cadmium turned out to be the most toxic of the three metals and copper (which is incidentally an essential micronutrient for plant growth) the least. As far as the bioaccumulation factor was concerned, bean and faba bean exhibited different behaviours, both with regard to the growth stages and the heavy metal absorbed. During the vegetative growth stage, both were accumulators of all the three heavy metals (a translocation factor less than unity). However, in the flowering stage, faba bean was a hyper-accumulator of copper (TF > 1); while the bean plants accumulated a lot of lead in the pods-stage (TF > 1). It is worthwhile to pose new research questions and try to answer them in this study, if legumes are accumulator or hyper accumulator plants in which stage and in where organ accumulate more HMs.
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Pha, Tran Thi, Tran Hai Dang, Ban Thi My, Oleg B. Rudakov, and Elena A. Khorokhordina. "Application of crushed shells Cristaria plicata to separation cadmium and chromium from polluted water by static sorption." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 20, no. 5 (2020): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2020.20/3047.
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Cristaria plicata is a species of freshwater mollusk in the genus Cristaria of the family Unionidae. Cristaria plicata shells are available natural raw materials in Vietnam for the production of sorbents that can absorb many pollutants from wastewater. The most important pollutants are heavy metals. The aim of the study was to study the possibility of using powders from Cristaria plicata shells to purify contaminated water from heavy metals such as Cd and Cr by sorption method. A technology for obtaining a sorbent has been developed. After collection, the shells were washed, dried and ground to a size of no more than 0.5 mm, then the powder was soaked in distilled water for 10 hours, dried to a constant weight and sieved through sieves, collecting a fraction with a particle size of about 0.5 mm. Microscopic studies showed that the sorbent parti-cles from the shells of Cristaria plicata contained pores with a diameter of 4.5 to 8.2 microns and a length of 15.9 to 27.6 microns. The static sorption method was used. The Cd and Cr content in water samples before and after sorption was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It is shown that the sorbent from the shell material of Cristaria plicata can be used quite effectively for wastewater treatment from Cd and Cr. It was found that with an increase in the mass fraction of the powder in the treated water, the concentration of Cr and Cd in this water noticeably decreases. The Cr content drops by 29.5-45.5% after shaking for 60 minutes, while the Cd content drops by 91.6-96.9%. The absorption capacity of the sorbent from the shells of Cristaria plicata depends on the initial concentrations of Cr and Cd, the higher the initial concentration, the more pollutants are absorbed by the sorbent. The best effect of sorption purification is observed at the initial concentrations of Cd 1 mg/l and Cr 20 mg/l. For maximum Cd allocation, the recommended processing time is 40÷60 minutes, and for Cr-80÷100 minutes.
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Giuliani, Chiara, Ilaria De Stefano, Mariateresa Mancuso, et al. "Advanced Electrospun Composites Based on Polycaprolactone Fibers Loaded with Micronized Tungsten Powders for Radiation Shielding." Polymers 16, no. 18 (2024): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16182590.
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Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause acute, long-term health effects, such as acute radiation syndrome, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This is an important occupational hazard in different fields, such as the aerospace and healthcare industry, as well as a crucial burden to overcome to boost space applications and exploration. Protective bulky equipment made of heavy metals is not suitable for many advanced purporses, such as mobile devices, wearable shields, and manned spacecrafts. In the latter case, the in-space manufacturing of protective shields is highly desirable and remains an unmet need. Composites made of polymers and high atomic number fillers are potential means for radiation protection due to their low weight, good flexibility, and good processability. In the present work, we developed electrospun composites based on polycaprolactone (polymer matrix) and tungsten powder for application as shielding materials. Electrospinning is a versatile technology that is easily scalable at an industrial level and allows obtaining very lightweight, flexible sheet materials for wearables. By controlling tungsten powder size, we engineered homogeneous, stable and processable suspensions to fabricate radiation composite shielding sheets. The shielding capability was assessed by an in vivo model on prototype composite sheets containing 80 w% of W filler in a polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous matrix by means of irradiation tests (X-rays) on mice. The obtained results are promising; as expected, the shielding effectivity of the developed composite material increases with the thickness/number of stacked layers. It is worth noting that a thin barrier consisting of 24 layers of the innovative shielding material reduces the extent of apoptosis by 1.5 times compared to the non-shielded mice.
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Tuli, Munirah, Citra F. Panigoro, Funco Tanipu, and Novianti Walangadi. "Analysis Of Mercury (Hg) In Mujair Fish (Oreochromis mosambicus) In Limboto Lake, Gorontalo Province." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 13, no. 2 (2024): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v13i2.23959.
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The occurrence of silting of the lake and sedimentation in Limboto Lake has become a place for the deposition of heavy metals, especially mercury. In recent years it has been known that the water of Lake Limboto has been polluted by mercury based on data from the Agency for the Environment, Research and Technology (Balihristi), Gorontalo Province in 2007.This study aims to analyze the mercury (Hg) content of mujair fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) in Limboto Lake. This research was conducted in November 2018- June 2019. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Sampling of water and fish was carried out by purposive sampling by dividing the research location into 2 stations, namely Station I in the floating net cages and Station II outside the KJA Measurement of mercury content (Hg) was carried out at the Laboratory of Fisheries Product Quality Development and Testing (LPPMHP) Gorontalo City using the Atomic Absorbtin Spectrophotometer (AAS). From the results of the study, it was found that, the Mercury (Hg) Content in Lake Limboto Waters, Stasion I was 0.0014 ppm and Station II was 0.0007 ppm, and for mujair fish organs the highest was in meat, namely outside KJA 0.0037 ppm and in meat, the lowest was in KJA 0.0035 ppm.. Nakoe et al. (2014) examined the risk of exposure to mercury (Hg) in humans who consume Mujair (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Limboto using the Limboto approach. Limboto using an environmental health analysis approach with a variable test method of body weight, consumption level and frequency. Concentration mercury levels of tilapia in Lake Limboto are between 0.007 - 0.089 mg/kg while the mercury levels in the lake are between 0.0014 mg/L. lake is around 0.0014 mg/L.
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Al-Najare, G. A., A. A. Hantoush, L. J. M. Al-Anber, and H. T. Al-Saad. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Acanthopagrus latus collected from Al-Razazah Lake, middle of Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 9, no. 1 (2022): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v9i1.212.
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Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, cupper, iron, manganese and nickel were determined in four organs (liver, gills, ovaries and muscles) of Acanthopagrus latus, which belong to family of Sparidae collected from Al- Razazah Lake. Heavy metals have been determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The fish average weight was 378 g and the average length was 215 mm. Iron showed the highest value (1029.114 μg/g dry weight), while manganese showed the lower value (60.335 μg/g dry weight). This study showed that the concentration of heavy metals distributed in the organs was as follows: liver > gills > muscles > ovaries, while the total heavy metals concentration had been distributed as follow: iron > cupper > cadmium > nickel > manganese > cobalt.
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Kaur, Anudeep, and Chander Parkash. "Barium: Presence in Environment and Health Effects." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 04 (2022): 2210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.085.
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Heavy metals have high atomic weight and density. These are used in multiple applications. It includes domestic, agricultural, industrial and medical applications. Due to all these uses, wide distribution of heavy metals is also there in environment in the form of waste. It also has potential health effects. Some of these heavy metals are considered as carcinogens. Barium is an alkaline earth metal which is present in food and water naturally. In this paper we will discuss about barium, its distribution, exposure and possible health effects.
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Al-Najar, Ghassan Adnan, Nawras A. Al-Faiz, and Jalal M. Al-Noor. "Bioaccumulation for some heavy metals in organs of Lethrinus nebulosus and concentrations in water and sediment Iraqi marine water." Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 14, no. 1 (2021): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v14i1.85.
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The concentrations of heavy metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead and cobalt) were studied in many organs (muscle, liver, gonads and gills) of Lethrinus nebulosus fish hunted from the Iraqi marine waters, as well as, the water and sediments of the area. Metals concentration were measured by Flame atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest values were recorded for iron 286.65 μg /g (dry weight) and the least concentration was for lead 1.74 μg /g (dry weight), nickel , copper and cobalt recorded (6.29, 9.89 and 19.71) μg /g (dry weight) respectively. Results showed that fish body parts that accumulated the metals were as follows: gills, liver, gonads and muscle, whereas the sequence of metals in fish body was as follows: iron, cobalt, copper, nickel and lead, whereas the sequence of metals according to season were: summer, spring, winter, autumn, winter. The results showed that the highest heavy metals concentrations of the sediment in winter was1250.98 65 μg /g (dry weight), while the lowest concentrations of heavy metals in water, was for lead and nickel 0.43 and 0.18 μg /L respectively, and in iron, cobalt and copper 4.11, 3.93 and 3.38 μg /L respectively.
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Al-Najare, G. A., A. A. Hantoush, A. C. Al-Shammary, and H. T. Al- Saad. "Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Acanthopagrus latus collected from Iraqi marine waters." Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 10, no. 2 (2022): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v10i2.204.
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Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, cupper, iron, manganese and nickel were determined in four organs (liver, gills, ovaries and muscles) of Acanthopagrus latus, which collected from Iraqi marine waters during the period between November 2010 and October 2011. Heavy metals have been determined by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The fish average weight was 61.2 g and the average length was 144 mm. Nickel showed the highest values in liver, gills and muscles during spring (201.19, 190.00 and 148.00 μg/gm dry weight), respectively. While cobalt showed the lower value (1.12 μg/gm dry weights) in the liver and cadmium showed its lower value (1.23 μg/gm dry weights) in the gills during winter. Muscles showed constant levels of heavy metals, it showed the lower values (not detected) during winter. Ovaries showed high levels for all heavy metals during spring, but its value still instable during the other seasons. This study showed that the concentration of heavy metals distributed in the organs was as follows: liver > gills > muscles > ovaries, while the heavy metals concentration had been distributed during the seasons as follow: winter > spring > autumn > summer.
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Al-Najare, G. A., A. A. Jaber, A. A. Hantoush, and A. H. Talal. "Accumulation of some heavy metals in Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) collected from Shatt Al-Arab River." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 31, no. 2 (2022): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v31i2.97.
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In the present study, the concentrations of various heavy metals including copper, nickel, lead, cadmium, iron and manganese were investigated in several organs (muscles of head, muscles of trunks, muscles of tails, liver, gills, gonads and intestine) of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) which was collected from Shatt Al-Arab river during the period between February 2013 and September 2013. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results of the heavy metals during study period showed that the highest concentration was 41.910 µg/g (dry weight) for iron between February and March, whereas the least concentration was 0.036 µg/g (dry weight) for lead between June and July. Also, they showed that the highest concentration was 27.470 µg/g (dry weight) for iron in liver, whereas the least concentration was 0.003 µg/g (dry weight) for lead in muscles of tails.
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Lindenmayer, Randall, Lucy Lu, Frieda Eivazi, and Zahra Afrasiabi. "Atomic Spectroscopy-Based Analysis of Heavy Metals in Seaweed Species." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (2023): 4764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084764.
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This review compiles different analytical methods reported by the researchers studying heavy metal contents in seaweed samples from a variety of natural and commercial sources. Heavy metals in seaweed affect environmental health and human health due to seaweed’s role in the aquatic food chain and human consumption. The potential for heavy metal presence in seaweed is due to industrial pollution and other human activities. There is an ongoing demand for evaluation of the presence of nutritional as well as hazardous metals in raw and processed seaweeds. This review article will look at the importance and usage of seaweed, the importance of measuring heavy metals in seaweed, seaweed’s ability to absorb heavy metals, the health risks of consuming seaweed, and reported atomic spectroscopy-based heavy metal analysis methods in research on seaweed.
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Balamoorthy, Dhivya, Prabu Velusamy, Badrinarayan Rath, Praveenkumar T R, and Julla Kabeto. "REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER BY USING PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4473.2022.
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Contamination of soil and water by toxic metals is a major environmental hazard. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater by chemical methods is very costly and does not apply to the pretreatment process. Hence, phytoremediation process is one of the simplest methods to restore polluted environments. The present research paper investigates the potential of Mimosa Pudica for bio removal of heavy metals like Cd, Pb and Cu from wastewater by using phytoremediation or bioremediation technology. Heavy Metals were detected before and after the process using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer (AAS). The synthetic wastewater contains Cd, Pb, and Cu at an initial concentration of 0.25mg/l, 0.5mg/l, and 2mg/l was introduced to the soil mass planted by Mimosa Pudica and treated for 16 days through their root. Collected samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The result showed that there was a reduction in Cd, Pb and Cu at a concentration of 0.02mg/l, 0.21mg/l, and 0.4mg/l level of heavy metals from the wastewater. After that, investigation of the potential of Mimosa Pudica accumulates up to 92% of Cd, 58 % of Pb, and 80% of Cu. The evidence presented by this study specified that Mimosa Pudica is an efficient accumulator plant for phytoremediation or bioremediation.
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Khan, Shahid Hafeez, Amjad Saeed, Tanveer Hussain, et al. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Excreta of Rock Pigeon (Columba Livia) and Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia Domestica) in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (2021): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjbb.v2i2.86.
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Pollution is the main cause that effects the environment in a degradable condition. For the presence of heavy metals in the atmosphere birds are considered as tremendous bio indicator. Blue pigeon and domestic pigeon (Coloumba livia) of Faisalabad are selected to examine the level of heavy metals including Manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) in several tissues such as (heart, lungs, bones, muscles and feathers. Six adult birds were collected rural, urban and residential and traffic areas of Faisalabad. After collection of sample fresh weight will be measured of each sample, then digestion of sample was done by conventional acid digestion method and digested samples were analyzed in the lab by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for the determination of heavy metals. It was concluded that accumulation of heavy metals in the birds depends upon the environmental conditions. Our result showed that concentration of heavy metals more in rock pigeon as compared to domestic pigeon which may be due to more exposure of industrial waste to rock pigeon. It has inferred from our study that high concentration of heavy metals in the excreta of rock pigeon was due to its high trophic level in food chain.
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Irawati, Wahyu, Triwibowo Yuwono, Joedoro Soedarsono, and Hari Hartiko. "THE POTENCY OF COPPER-RESISTANT BACTERIA Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 ISOLATED FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN RUNGKUT-SURABAYA AS A BIOREMEDIATION AGENT FOR HEAVY METALS." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.179.
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<p>Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 is a copper-resistant bacteria isolated from activated sludge in an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant in Rungkut-Surabaya, Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to study the potency of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 as a bioremediation agent for copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium. Resistance of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to heavy metals were determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Accumulation of copper, cadmium, and lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 showed multiple resistance to heavy metals. The MICs of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to copper, lead, mercury, and cadmium were 16 mM, 15 mM, 6 mM, and 5 mM, respectively. The growth of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 was inhibited by the addition of CuSO4 in the medium. The bacteria survived in the presence of high copper concentration as shown by the extension of the lag phase up to 36 hours. The analysis demonstrated that the copper resistance of the bacteria was facilitated through the accumulation of copper. Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 accumulated up to 367.78 and 260.01 mg/gram dry weight of cells of copper and lead, respectively. The bacteria demonstrated growth in the medium containing the mixture of 0.5 mM copper, lead, cadmium and accumulated those heavy metals up to 0.14, 24.74, and 12.49 mg/g dry weight of cells, respectively. The high resistance and capability of Cupriavidus sp. IrC4 to accumulate heavy metals can be exploited in bioremediation process for removing heavy metals from industrial sewage. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Accumulation, copper, Cupriavidus sp. IrC4,heavy metals, resistance.</p>
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Wangboje, O. M., and B. O. Onojesio. "Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus Trachurus) from Cold Storage in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 1a (2023): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i1a.19.
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Heavy metals can contaminate fish and water which in turn present a risk to humans. The dearth of eco-toxicological data on the heavy metal content in Trachurus trachurus particularly from cold storage in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria, warranted this research, which was achieved via Atomic Absorption Spectrometric technique. The mean concentrations (mg/kg, wet weight) of heavy metals in T. trachurus by cold storage point ranged from 0.242 for Cd at Uselu to 52.98 for Zn also at Uselu with significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean concentrations of heavy metals in T. trachurus between cold storage points. The total toxicity of mixtures (TTM) value for heavy metals was 0.845 while the estimated annual intake (EAI) and estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals peaked for Zn with values of 1.345 mg/person/year and 0.00368 mg/person/day respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values ranged from 0.0000276 (Cd) to 0.0000135 (Zn) with a total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) value of 0.0000267 while the quota for heavy metals in T. trachurus ranged from 0.36% for Cd to 87.80% for Zn. The total heavy metal burden in T. trachurus by cold storage point ranged from 46.95 mg/kg at Oliha to 54.37 mg/kg at Uselu. T. trachurus from cold storage were safe for human consumption with regard to heavy metal levels as International thresholds for heavy metals in fish were not surpassed. It was proffered that continuous monitoring of the heavy metal status of this fish species is maintained in order to protect the health of potential consumers.
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Ubay, MS, Sulistiono, DTF Lumbanbatu, et al. "Heavy metal content (Pb, Hg) in threadfin bream (Nemipterus sp.) from Banten Bay, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1119, no. 1 (2022): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1119/1/012088.
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Abstract Banten Bay represents waters bordering the areas of marine tourism, industries, settlements, and agriculture. The wastes resulting from those activities can harm the aquatic environment. This study aims to analyze the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb and Hg) in threadfin bream (Nemipterus sp.) in Panjang Island, Banten Bay, Banten Province. Sampling and observation were carried out from March to August 2019 on the island. Measurements of heavy metal contents in fish flesh and gills were conducted using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Based on the results of analyses, Pb and Hg in fish flesh and gill were 0-0.149 mg/kg and 0-0.064 mg/kg, respectively, indicating that the number of heavy metals in the tissue was under the predetermined threshold; However, the number of heavy metals in the gill organs exceeded the predetermined threshold. The maximum weight limit of the fish flesh that can be consumed by both adults and children was 6.15 g/week and 1.85 g/week, respectively.
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Xu, Zhong Hui, Dong Wei Li, and Xi Peng. "Environmental Activity of Heavy Metals in Slags Treated by Electrokinetic Removal Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.264.
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Ancient pyrometallurgical zinc generated large amounts of slag. Natural leaching from ancient pyrometallurgical zinc sites had contaminated the soil closed to the deposits. Enhanced electrokinetic removal technology was adopted to treat these slags. In this paper, atomic fluorescence spectrometer and scanning electronic microscope were used to investigate the total metal concentration and the surface topography of slags. The results showed that the heavy metals content in slags was high. The content of zinc in slags was up to 114550mg/kg. The surface topography of slags indicated that that the slags were corroded obviously by rainwater and lots of poisoning elements had released to the surroundings. The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to analyze the chemical speciation of heavy metals in slags. It could be determined that the evironmental activity of ancient pyrometallurgical slag decreased obviously after the treatment with electrokinetic removal technology and part of the residual fraction of heavy metals in slags transformed to the other fractions during the electrokinetic removal process.
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Ashraf, Muhammad Waqar. "Levels of Heavy Metals in Popular Cigarette Brands and Exposure to These Metals via Smoking." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/729430.
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The levels of selected heavy metals in popular cigarette brands sold and/or produced in Saudi Arabia were determined by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Average concentrations of Cadmium and Lead in different cigarette brands were 1.81 and 2.46 μg g−1(dry weight), respectively. The results obtained in this study estimate the average quantity of Cd inhaled from smoking one packet of 20 cigarettes to be in the range of 0.22–0.78 μg. Results suggest that the quantity of Pb inhaled of smoking one packet of 20 cigarettes is estimated to be 0.97–2.64 μg. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. The results of the present study were compared with those of other regional and international studies.
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Difa, Jihan Najla, Max Rudolf Muskananfola, and Churun A’in. "BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS OF HEAVY METALS COPPER (CU) AND ZINC (ZN) IN GREEN MUSSELS (Perna viridis) IN THE WATERS OF TAMBAK LOROK SEMARANG." AQUASAINS 11, no. 1 (2022): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/aqs.v11i1.p1231-1246.
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Tambak Lorok is a coastal area in Semarang. These waters have the potential to be contaminated with heavy metals Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). The study aimed to determine the concentration of Cu and Zn in water, sediment and soft tissues of Perna viridis, knowing the effect of shell size on heavy metal absorption, knowing the bioconcetration factors of heavy metals and knowing the maximum limit of weekly consumption of Perna viridis. The study was conducted in November 2020. Determination of the location of the study using the Purposive sampling method.Concentrations of Cu and Zn in water, sediment and Perna viridis by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. The results showed the content of Copper in water ranged from 0.06-0.151mg/l; sediments 26.634-38.433 mg/l and green mussels 4.76-11.00mg/l. Heavy metal Zinc is not detected in water, sediment and green shells one factor is that the tools used are insensitive to low concentrations of metals. Based on the results of statistical tests the difference in shell size has no effect on the absorption of Cu in soft tissues. Bioaccumulation levels belong to the low-moderate category. The safe limit of consumption of green mussels for weight 40 kg is 15.683 mg/weeks and for weight 60 kg is 23.524 mg/weeks.
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Jassim Nassir, Mokhtar, and Kamil Kadhim Fahad. "Some Heavy metals measurements (Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc) in the tissues of common carp Cyprinus carpioL . 1758 farmed in floating cages in the Euphrates River." Sumer 1 8, CSS 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.86.
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The current study examined the concentrations of three heavy metals (cadmium, copper, and zinc) in the tissues of common carp fish. (gills-musclesintestines) collected from one of the private farms that raised fish in floating cages in the Euphrates River from 18/10/2021 to 18/3/2022. Every month, water samples were analyzed, as were fish tissue samples. Using an atomic absorption spectroscopy device, standard procedures were followed to assess the concentration of heavy metals in water and tissues. The results showed that the highest concentration of zinc, cadmium, and copper was detected in the water during the winter season, reaching (125.5-31.95-1.37) MKgm/L. The highest concentrations of cadmium in tissues were found in the autumn season for gills and muscles (1.58-0.81) mkgm/L dry weight, and the highest concentration in tissues (0.80) mkgm/L dry weight in the winter. The highest concentrations of copper were found in the gills and muscles, followed by the intestines. Where concentrations are at their highest in the autumn season (11-9.89, 12.31) mkgm/gm dry weight. As for zinc was found in high concentrations in the gills, intestines, and muscles, with the highest concentrations recorded in the autumn season (81.6-85-93 – 112) mkgm/gm dry weight. The results revealed that heavy metal accumulation occurred in the following pattern: Concentrations in water: cadmium <copper<zinc, while in tissues, the arrangement was as follows: Cadmium – gills – muscles – intestines – copper. Gills – muscles – intestines Zinc – gills – intestines – muscles. Keywords: Heavy metals, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
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Mohammed, A. A., M. M. Orosun, F. O. Okeola, M. A. Raji, G. O. Tesi, and O. J. Yusuph. "Risk assessment of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ground water samples around the vicinity of an asphalt plant in north central, Nigeria." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 37, no. 6 (2023): 1337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.4.
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ABSTRACT. In this study, the concentration and risk of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 9 composite samples around the vicinity of an Asphalt plant in North Central, Nigeria, was evaluated. Aqua-regia wet digestion was used for heavy metals extraction in the water samples while atomic absorption spectrometry was used quantification. For PAHs, liquid-liquid extraction was used for extraction while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for quantification of PAHs in the extracts. The risk assessment was estimated using the hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in all the samples studied. The results showed that Cd and Cr were present in concentrations higher than their permissible limits in water set by World Health Organization, while Pb was not detected. Total concentration of 14 PAHs ranged between 6.47–390 mg L-1 and were within the WHO permissible limits. High molecular weight PAHs were dominant (71.54%) relative to low molecular weight PAHs (28.46%). The risk assessment results revealed that 100% ILCRtotal values recorded for heavy metals were higher than the recommended limit. While 37.5% of ILCRtotal values recorded for PAHs were higher than the recommended values, implying that residents are exposed to health risks from both metals and PAHs.
 KEY WORDS: Asphalt plant, Heavy metals, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,Water, Risk assessment
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1337-1349. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.4
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Bhupendra, Mahla Dr. Hina Bagada*. "Methods For Removal of Heavy Metal from Environmental and Food System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 703–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14848134.
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This article highlights the critical role that metals play in biological processes and increases environmental concerns about heavy metal contamination brought on by urbanisation and industrialisation. People, animals, and plants can all suffer major health problems as a result of heavy metals like arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury that can enter the food chain through contaminated air, water, and soil. Iron, copper, and zinc are currently required in small quantities for biological functions, whereas non-essential metals can be extremely poisonous. The research highlights the critical need for effective removal techniques by highlighting the detrimental effects of heavy metals on ecosystems, humans, and plants. There involves discussion of methods for detecting heavy metals, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and neutron activation analysis. Removal methods include membrane technology, adsorption, and phytoremediation are also being researched to lessen contamination in plants, water, and soil. Additionally, practical solutions are proposed, emphasising simple ways to combat heavy metal toxicity, like soaking fruits and vegetables in vinegar to reduce concentrations of heavy metals..
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Olevska, Yu B., V. I. Olevskyi, K. I. Timchy, and О. V. Olevskyi. "The method of fuzzy determination of the concentration of heavy metals in the atomic absorption spectral analysis of bottom sediments." Computer Modeling: Analysis, Control, Optimization 7, no. 1 (2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/2521-6406-2020-1-7-29-36.
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Due to the technogenic impact on the biosphere and its components, a significant amount of heavy metals and radionuclides ends up in the environment. One of the main directions for improving the ecological components of environmental safety is the biotransformation of bottom sediments of reservoirs containing heavy metals, with the help of vermiculture, into biologically safe organic fertilizer. Assessment of the concentration of heavy metals in bottom sediments is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow preserving the natural environment, improving the condition of soils and, as a result, human health. The problem of using bottom deposits in this case is the accuracy of determining the content of various heavy metals in them, which affect the vital activity of earthworms. The gross and mobile forms of heavy metals in experimental substrates can be most accurately determined by atomic absorption spectral analysis. Atomic absorption analysis is a method of analytical chemistry based on the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation of a certain wavelength by neutral atoms of the element being determined free of all molecular bonds. In the process of absorption, an electron moves from the main energy level to a higher one as a result of photon excitation. In this case, the intensity of the exciting light of a given frequency decreases. Accurate quantification is often hampered by significant matrix interference and non-uniform analyte distribution. To achieve the accuracy and reliability of the method required for vermicultivation, this work proposes a modification of the analysis method by applying fuzzy modeling of the experimental results. From a mathematical point of view, the process of constructing a calibration graph can be implemented using the procedure for constructing a fuzzy scale in the method for decoding the weight of proteins during electrophoresis. An algorithm is described for determining the fuzzy concentration of a metal from the atomic absorption signal data, followed by defuzzification of the obtained fuzzy concentration for analysis and practical use. Keywords: fuzzy modeling, spectral analysis, heavy metals.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Distribution Of Some Heavy Metals In Water,Sediment & Fish Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates River Near Al- Nassiriya City Center South Iraq ." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 1 (2011): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.1.552-560.
Full textAbstract:
The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, pb, and Zn were determined in dissolved and particulate phases of the water,in addition to exchangeable and residual phases of the sediment and in the selected organs of the fish Cyprinus carpio collected from the Euphrates River near Al-Nassiriya city center south of Iraq during the summer period / 2009 .Also sediment texture and total organic carbon(TOC) were measured. Analysis emploing a flam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers . The mean regional concentrations of the heavy metals in dissolved (µg/l) and particulate phases (µg/gm) dry weight were Cd (0.15,16.13) ,Cu (0.59,24.48) ,Fe (726,909.4) ,Pb (0.20, 49.95) and Zn (2.5,35.62) respectively,and those for exchangeable and residual phases of the Sediment were Cd (0.2,0.1) ,Cu (13.75,16.65) ,Fe (683 , 1351 ) ,Pb (10.1,1.07) and Zn (7.3,16.75)µg/gm dry weight respectively. The heavy metals concentrations in C. carpio organs followed the trend gill > liver > kidney> muscles . The mean concentration in the muscles were Cd (ND) , Cu (0.07) , Fe (4.7) , pb (0.06) and Zn (6.4) (µg/gm) dry weight . The statistical analysis proved a significant correlation between metal concentration in the sediment and total organic carbon, also a positive correlation was proved between its concentrations in the liver organ and the water (particulate phase) . In conclusion the trace metals concentration in particulate phase were higher than its concentration in the dissolved phase . The fish organs showed variations in the metals concentration and the muscle organs showed less concentration than the other organs .
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Wang, Ting, Ye Song, Bin Li, and Xiao Guang Zhou. "Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Modified Starch for Treatment of Heavy Metals Water by Technique of Chelating-Ultrafiltration." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.877.
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Crosslinked carboxymethyl modified starch (CCMS) was prepared by chemical modification of nature cornstarch. This modified degradable polymer had turned out to be a strong ability to chelate heavy metal ions. Using the instrument of microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometer(MPT-AES), 20.00 mg/L of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd were detected under the Sewage Discharge Standards requirements after adding 90, 154, 86, 70, 546mg/L of CCMS respectively. The separation of the heavy metal ions and CCMS solutions were used the technique of ultrafiltration, with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 50000. By the same treatment, the chelating sequence of the heavy metals were also measured and decreased in the order of Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni.
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Sun, D., X. Z. Li, M. Brungs, and D. Trimm. "Encapsulation of heavy metals on spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (1998): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0625.
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Vanadium and nickel were found as major contaminants on spent FCC catalyst at levels of 3518 ppm and 3225 ppm, respectively. XPS results indicated that vanadium and nickel were in oxide form on spent FCC catalysts. Leaching tests (TCLP) showed that vanadium from spent FCC catalysts poses an environmental problem if disposed by landfill. It was found that encapsulation treatment with up to 60 wt % spent FCC catalyst in Portland cement, is an effective means of stabilization. The strength of standard specimens containing catalyst was much lower than that of standard specimens made with same weight percentage of sand.
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Igwemmar, Noela C., and Samuel E. Kakulu. "Content of Heavy Metals in Poultry and Local (Free Range) Chickens raised within Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 9 (2022): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2022.v02i09.003.
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The content of heavy metals in poultry and local (free range) chickens raised within Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria was investigated. The poultry chickens were obtained from poultry farms while the local (free range) chickens were bought from the natives within the study area. Samples were prepared by wet digestion method using nitric acid and the heavy metals determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). The mean concentration (μg/g dry weight) of heavy metals in the Poultry chickens were 3.68 ± 0.86, 0.58 ± 0.36, 0.78 ± 0.02, 4.79 ± 1.27, 77.40 ± 66.44, 2.09 ± 0.54, 1.44 ± 0.82 and 68.99 ± 23.90 for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn and Zn respectively. Also the heavy metal contents in the local chickens were 2.01 ± 1.25, ND, 1.07 ± 0.30, 3.00 ± 1.24, 108.88 ± 73.41, 1.36 ± 0.46, 13.44 ± 6.14 and 75.49 ± 24.02 μg/g dry weight for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn and Zn respectively. A Pearson correlation analysis on the heavy metals in the chicken meat revealed positive strong correlations between Zn/Fe (r = 0.867), Zn/Mn (0.764), Zn/Cu (r = 0.591), Mn/Cu (r = 0.657) and Fe/Cu (r = 0.598) at p < 0.01 significant level. This is not unusual as Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn are essential elements and constitute part of expected components of the chicken. The human risk assessment conducted on the chicken samples revealed that Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) were in the safe levels, indicating that the exposure of adult population to individual heavy metals through consumption of poultry and local (free range) chickens will not pose adverse health effects. However, the Hazard Index (HI) value for the poultry chicken is suggestive of potential adverse health effect on the consumers. Also, the HI value of local (free range) chickens cannot be ignored because the accumulation of heavy metals in the human body over time can cause serious health effects.
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Noela, C. Igwemmar, and E. Kakulu Samuel. "Content of Heavy Metals in Poultry and Local (Free Range) Chickens raised within Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (CJMS) 2, no. 9 (2022): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2022.v02i09.003.
Full textAbstract:
The content of heavy metals in poultry and local (free range) chickens raised within Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria was investigated. The poultry chickens were obtained from poultry farms while the local (free range) chickens were bought from the natives within the study area. Samples were prepared by wet digestion method using nitric acid and the heavy metals determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). The mean concentration (μg/g dry weight) of heavy metals in the Poultry chickens were 3.68 ± 0.86, 0.58 ± 0.36, 0.78 ± 0.02, 4.79 ± 1.27, 77.40 ± 66.44, 2.09 ± 0.54, 1.44 ± 0.82 and 68.99 ± 23.90 for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn and Zn respectively. Also the heavy metal contents in the local chickens were 2.01 ± 1.25, ND, 1.07 ± 0.30, 3.00 ± 1.24, 108.88 ± 73.41, 1.36 ± 0.46, 13.44 ± 6.14 and 75.49 ± 24.02 μg/g dry weight for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn and Zn respectively. A Pearson correlation analysis on the heavy metals in the chicken meat revealed positive strong correlations between Zn/Fe (r = 0.867), Zn/Mn (0.764), Zn/Cu (r = 0.591), Mn/Cu (r = 0.657) and Fe/Cu (r = 0.598) at p < 0.01 significant level. This is not unusual as Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn are essential elements and constitute part of expected components of the chicken. The human risk assessment conducted on the chicken samples revealed that Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) were in the safe levels, indicating that the exposure of adult population to individual heavy metals through consumption of poultry and local (free range) chickens will not pose adverse health effects. However, the Hazard Index (HI) value for the poultry chicken is suggestive of potential adverse health effect on the consumers. Also, the HI value of local (free range) chickens cannot be ignored because the accumulation of heavy metals in the human body over time can cause serious health effects.
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Shin, Dong Yeop, Sang Min Lee, Yujin Jang, et al. "Adverse Human Health Effects of Chromium by Exposure Route: A Comprehensive Review Based on Toxicogenomic Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043410.
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Heavy metals are defined as metals with relatively high density and atomic weight, and their various applications have raised serious concerns about the environmental impacts and potential human health effects. Chromium is an important heavy metal that is involved in biological metabolism, but Cr exposure can induce a severe impact on occupational workers or public health. In this study, we explore the toxic effects of Cr exposure through three exposure routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. We propose the underlying toxicity mechanisms of Cr exposure based on transcriptomic data and various bioinformatic tools. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of different Cr exposure routes by diverse bioinformatics analyses.
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Fehmeeda Afzal, Fehmeeda Afzal, Sonia Tariq Sonia Tariq, Ashraf Nadeem Ashraf Nadeem, et al. "A Review on Measurement of Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Mugil cephalus." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 5 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000605/jcsp/43.05.2021.
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Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.
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Fehmeeda Afzal, Fehmeeda Afzal, Sonia Tariq Sonia Tariq, Ashraf Nadeem Ashraf Nadeem, et al. "A Review on Measurement of Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Mugil cephalus." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 5 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000605.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.
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Skowroński, Tadeusz, Jacek Pirszel, and Barbara Pawlik Skowrońska. "Heavy Metal Removal by the Waste Biomass of Penicillium chrysogenum." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 4 (2001): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.042.
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Abstract Metal sorption capacity of the granulated biosorbent derived from the waste biomass of Penicillium chrysogenum was examined. The potential metal sorption abilities of the biosorbent were estimated as the cation-exchange capacity, using a potentiometric titration. The total binding capacity, calculated for the pH range 3 to 8 was about 511 µeq/g dry weight. The granular biosorbent was capable of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb binding. The kinetics of the heavy metal sorption were typical of the microbial dead biomass; metals were bound in the first few minutes. Sorption was a saturable process and the maximum sorption capacity, calculated from the Langmuir equation for the particular heavy metals was: 96 mg Pb; 21.5 mg Cd; 13 mg Zn and 11.7 mg Cu (per g dry weight). Optimum pH values for Cd, Zn and Cu sorption were about 7, while for Pb about 6. Heavy metal removal from different solutions was examined using the biosorption columns packed with P. chrysogenum, which efficiently removed Cd from 1 mM Cd solution, or Cd and Zn from the industrial wastewater. The studied biosorbent was capable of accumulating Cd and Zn even at the high Ca concentration.
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Uhuo, Cosmas Augustus, and Monday Chukwu Nwanchor. "Heavy metal biomonitoring and entomofauna distribution of enyigba mines in southeast, Nigeria." Holos Environment 24, no. 2 (2025): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.14295/holos.v24i2.12499.
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Heavy metals are metals with high atomic weight and substances with high electrical conductivity that voluntarily lose their electrons to form cations. The heavy metal biomonitoring and entomofauna distribution of enyigba mines in southeast, Nigeria was studied to determine the contamination of heavy metals base and attendant health risks using standard entomological techniques and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Insects examined were Reticulitermes flavipes, Zonocerus elegans, Acraea acrita, and Crematogaster sp collected from Royal Salt mining sites. The study revealed the accumulation index of Po4 (683.70±677.50) was high followed by Mn, (11.00 ±10.90) Cu, (7.600 ±6.60) Cd, (0.350±0.145) at p<0.05. This is high compared to the codex standards. ANOVA results declared the concentration of heavy metals above permissible limits with a significant difference between site A (SA) and the control site (CS) at (p<0.0001). Also, there is an important difference observed between site A (SA) and site B (SB) (p<0.0001). The relatively higher concentrations of metals were found in Orthoptera, followed by termite where ants recorded the lowest metal concentration. The study further revealed that remarkable values were recorded in the Control Site (CS) (32944) followed by (SB) (20904) while SA recorded the least value (6644). However, the low species diversity and abundance in different sites is an indication of the impacts of heavy metals accumulation in the sites. However, accumulation of PO4 in the insects, especially at sites A and B, showed the effects of mining on PO4 generation is high and could pose health risks to human life if not mitigated. However, the wet season recorded higher abundance compared to the dry season on Reticulitermes flavipes followed by Crematogaster sp. whereas Acraea acrita recorded the least abundance.
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Sagymbayeva, A. M., N. B. Tomlekova, and B. B. Anapiyayev. "The use of phytoremediation technologies for the purification of soils contaminated with heavy metals." Engineering Journal of Satbayev University 144, no. 1 (2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51301/ejsu.2022.i1.07.
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Heavy metals are among the most toxic pollutants in the environment. This paper presents data on contaminated soils with heavy metals of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The ways of their solution are proposed and characterized. Soil contamination with heavy metals is one of the urgent problems of geoecology, they will be transferred to the soil around the storage facility and pose a great threat to the ecosystem, agricultural system and human health. Several methods are already being used to clean the environment of these types of pollutants, but most of them are expensive and far from their optimal performance. The use of plants for cleaning the environment became an effective and cost-effective method only after hyperaccumulative plants were discovered, capable of accumulating up to 5% of nickel, zinc or copper in their tissues in terms of dry weight, that is, tens of times more than ordinary plants. The article provides an overview of phytoremediation technology as an improved method of soil purification. Different types of plants are considered as hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulating plants are found in different families and each of them plays an important role in phytoremediation. Since each of them is unique in its own way and each has its own response to the presence of heavy metals in the soil. The increased interest in this new technology is also explained by the fact that plants are hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, with high efficiency can be used on large areas. This property increases the efficiency of this technology and increases the demand.
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Ipeaiyeda, Ayodele Rotimi, and Adekunle Johnson Odola. "Co-precipitation of Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in industrial wastewater and sediment samples with copper(II) cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (2012): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.119.
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A co-precipitation technique for nickel(II), chromium(II), manganese(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) with the aid of copper(II) cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate was established. The influences of some analytical parameters such as pH, sample volume, amounts of cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate and copper(II) on the recovery of metal ions were investigated. The heavy metals in the precipitate were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The range of detection limits for the heavy metals was 0.003–0.005 mg/L. The atomic spectrometric technique with co-precipitation procedure was successfully applied for the determination of Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in industrial wastewater and sediment samples from Ladipo stream in Lagos, Nigeria. The mean concentrations for these metals using co-precipitation procedure were not significantly different from corresponding concentrations obtained using spectrometric techniques without co-precipitation procedure.
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Sejati, Risqi Agil Wahyu, Galuh Ratmana Hanum, and Intan Ayu Kusuma Pramushinta. "Test of Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) on Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) at Kalanganyar Market, Sidoarjo with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)." Medicra (Journal of Medical Laboratory Science/Technology) 5, no. 1 (2022): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/medicra.v5i1.1624.
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Sidoarjo City in East Java Province has a pond area of up to 7.68%. One of the cultivations developed in ponds is tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), which are mostly sold in Sidoarjo. The presence of metals in aquatic bodies comes from natural sources that enter can be the erosion of mineral rocks found in the aquatic environment. Tiger shrimp is one type of shrimp that is preferred by most Indonesian people. If this shrimp is contaminated by heavy metals, it will harm the people who consume it. This research was conducted to find out the levels of heavy metals Timbal (Pb) and Seng (Zn) contained in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) windu shrimp in the market of Sidoarjo with the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Chemical Technology Medical Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo and the Chemistry Laboratory of FMIPA of Maulana Malik Ibrahim University of Malang. Data analysis methods use measurement and observation as well as descriptive statistical analysis. The results of heavy metal levels in this study obtained the highest levels of lead heavy metals (Pb) of 0.596 mg/kg while the lowest levels amounted to 0.544 mg/kg and the highest levels of zinc heavy metals (Zn) amounted to 3.930 mg/kg while the lowest levels amounted to 3.016 mg/kg.
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Antsuki, T., D. Sano, and T. Omura. "Functional metal-binding proteins by metal-stimulated bacteria for the development of an innovative metal removal technology." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (2003): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0551.
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Heavy metal pollution has become an environmental problem throughout the world because heavy metals can be accumulated into the food chain and bring about serious problems, not only for ecosystems but also for human health. In this study, functional metal-binding proteins (FMBPs) were isolated from a metal-stimulated activated sludge culture with the aim of applying them to an innovative metal removal technology. Activated sludge bacteria was cultured in growth media including copper ion, and the stimulation of protein production by copper ion led to the 14% increase in a quantity of extracted crude proteins per 1 g of bacterial cell pellet (wet). In order to isolate FMBPs, extracted crude proteins were applied to the immobilized metal affinity column in which each of copper, nickel and zinc was used as a ligand. Several FMBPs were succesfully isolated from copper-stimulated bacteria. One of FMBPs (molecular weight of about 40 kDa) exhibited an ability to adsorb all three metals. The multi metal-binding property of this FMBP could be applied to an innovative metal removal technology. Furthermore, isolated FMBPs that could capture only one kind of heavy metal would also be attractive as a metal adsorbent in recovering a specific metal as a resource from wastewater, including several heavy metals.
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Kukreti, Abhinav, Priyanka Kundra, Lavish Kathait, Nikhil Garg, and Sanjeev Kumar. "A Review on Properties of Heavy Weight Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012049.
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Abstract With revolutionary advancements in technology, it is inevitable to not to develop the quality of concrete as it now a basic requirement for infrastructure. The objective of this review is to highlight the main aspects of Heavy Weight Concrete which covers the general concept of radiation physics being used in HWC, advancements in HWC technology, applications of HWC, cost optimization of HWC and future challenges. Recent researches have shown the requisite for Heavy Weight Concrete as it can efficiently absorb attenuate the radiation thus it is being used in nuclear facilities, medical facilities and now it is even being used in modern warfare. According to the past studies it is found that HWC can be used for shielding from high level radiations such as alpha-rays, beta-rays, X-rays and gamma-rays. Some of the rays propagated form radioactive material can be halted easily but some rays possess ultra-penetration ability and can penetrate through living being near them which results in destructive ionization of biological cells of a living being. This comprehensive review reaches out to the several critical areas such as future uses of HWC, cost optimization in HWC can be done by adding industrial residue of steel, glass, plastic fibers and other natural materials that can be used in HWC and increasing atomic mass for producing high quality radiation attenuation concrete.
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OZUNI, Enkeleda, Egon ANDONI, Doriana BEQIRAJ, and Majlind SULCE. "Heavy Metals in Edible Tissue of Red Mullet from Tirana Market." Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences 4 (February 16, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/ephels.23.
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High levels of heavy metals in seawater deputize a warning for public health and environment. The purpose of the study was to monitor and evaluate the concentration levels of heavy metals in edible sample tissue of Red mullet. A total of 40 of muscle sample tissue of Red mullet purchased directly from the local fresh fish market of Tirana was utilized to determine by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the study showed that mercury (p=0.049) and lead (p0.001) concentration levels varied significantly between samples of Red mullet with different weights. According to the results concentration level of mercury and lead measured in muscle samples tissue resulted below the maximum permitted levels for human consumption set by EC legislation. High levels of cadmium made an exception (0.44 mg/kg wet weight). The results of the monitoring study give relevant information on heavy metal contamination of fish species with commercially interest such a Red mullet. The results of the monitoring process suggest that Red mullet should be object of further monitoring with the goal to protect Tirana consumer’s health from heavy metals contamination
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Ahmed, Abu Tweb Abu, Suman Mandal, Didarul Alam Chowdhury, Abu Rayhan M. Tareq, and M. Mizanur Rahman. "Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Ayre Fish (Sperata Aor Hamilton, 1822), Sediment and Water of Dhaleshwari River in Dry Season." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 40, no. 1 (2012): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12904.
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The present study was carried out to determine the level of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in a freshwater fish Ayre (Sperata aor Hamilton, 1822) collected from Rajfulbaria (23°48?56.36? N and 90°14?54.04? E) of Dhaleshwari river. Four heavy metals, namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were selected for this study. Metal concentrations were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after nitric acid digestion of samples. The concentrations of accumulated heavy metals in fish were also compared with the concentrations of metals in the sediments and waters of that river. The level of bioaccumulations in different organs of S. aor were determined separately and compared among them. Average bioaccumulation levels in S. aor were Cr: 1.458 mg/kg, Cu: 31.500 mg/kg, Pb: 18.776 mg/kg and Cd: 0.487 mg/kg of dry weight. The levels of heavy metals in sediments were Cr: 27.393 mg/kg, Cu: 37.450 mg/kg, Pb: 15.797 mg/kg and Cd: 2.083 mg/kg, and in water were Cr: 0.130 ppm, Cu: 0.000 ppm, Pb: 0.201 ppm and Cd: 0.001 ppm.The bioaccumulation of these four heavy metals in fish organs, sediment and water samples were also compared with FAO approved standard levels and other related studies, and found that the levels of bioaccumulation in the Dhaleshwari river exceeded all the standard levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12904 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1):147-153, 2012
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Alauddin, Muhammad D. A. F., Sulistiono Sulistiono, and Zairion Zairion. "Heavy Metal Content of Lead (Pb) And Copper (Cu) in Green Mussels (Perna Viridis) in The Ancol Waters." BIO Web of Conferences 176 (2025): 01011. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517601011.
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Heavy metals represent a significant class of pollutants in marine ecosystems due to their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms and food chains. The green mussel (Perna viridis), a filter-feeding bivalve species abundant in Ancol Waters, is particularly vulnerable to heavy metal accumulation. This study investigates the levels of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in green mussels collected from Ancol Waters between February and June 2024. Sampling included water, sediment, and mussel tissue, and heavy metal concentrations were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results showed that Cu concentrations in water remained within acceptable environmental quality standards. However, Cu concentrations in mussel tissues exceeded permissible consumption limits in all months, while Pb levels surpassed the safety threshold only in February. Bioaccumulation assessment indicated that Pb in green mussels falls under the low accumulation category (BCF <100), whereas Cu ranged from moderate (100–1000) to high (>1000). Estimated safe consumption limits for mussel meat were 6.81 kg/week for children (15 kg body weight) and 22.74 kg/week for adults (50 kg body weight). These findings highlight potential health risks from long-term consumption and underscore the importance of regular monitoring of heavy metals in seafood from urban coastal areas.
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Czarnek, Katarzyna, Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska, Agnieszka Szopa, et al. "Bioaccumulation Capacity of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Tested with Heavy Metals in Biofortification." Molecules 29, no. 1 (2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010101.
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On a worldwide scale, A. cepa is among the most commonly consumed vegetables. In Europe, the leading onion producers are Russia, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland and Germany. In this study, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, Sr, Cd and Pb) by Allium cepa L. plants was followed under hydroponic conditions. The heavy metals were applied at six concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L−1) over three weeks. The quantitative analysis of selected heavy metals in plant tissues (bulbs, roots and assimilation leaves) was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization (F-AAS). The accumulation of metal ions was strongly dependent on their concentrations in the solution and the analyzed parts of plants. The highest accumulation of metal ions was confirmed for the roots and ranged from 8.48 to 5912.34 µg g−1 DW (dry weight). All parts of A. cepa were characterized by the high accumulation of Mn2+. The lowest accumulation was confirmed for Co2+ in the roots, Pb2+ in the assimilation leaves and Cu2+ in the bulbs of onion. Moreover, the study showed that the highest concentrations of heavy metals decreased the growth of bulbs and even caused them to die off. In contrast, lower concentrations of some elements stimulated plant development.
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Montoya-Mendoza, Alarcón-Reyes, Castañeda-Chávez, Lango-Reynoso, and Zamudio-Alemán. "Heavy Metals in Muscle Tissue of Pterois volitans from the Veracruz Reef System National Park, Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (2019): 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234611.
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Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) were measured in the muscle of 30 specimens of Pterois volitans, captured on April 2018, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Veracruz, Mexico. Concentrations, in the samples, were quantified with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), after microwave digestion. Results of the mean concentration, in descending order were V = 7.3 ± 0.7; Pb = 0.66 ± 0.07; Zn = 0.43 ± 0.14; and Cd = 0.03 ± 0.01 mg kg−¹ dry weight. These values did not exceeded limits established in the Mexican National Standard (NOM-242-SSA1-2009), of Cd and Pb (0.5 mg kg–¹) wet weight. This means that consumption of lionfish from this site does not pose a potential risk for human health.
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Cah yani, Nica, Djamar T. F. Lumban Batu, and Sulistiono Sulistiono. "Heavy Metal Contain Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu in Whiting Fish (Sillago sihama) Muscle in Estuary of Donan River, Cilacap, Central Java." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19, no. 3 (2017): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.15090.
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<p>Abstract<br />Waste produced by industrial activities in Donan River can be a heavy metal which is one source of harmful pollutant to the aquatic environment. This study was conducted monthly from August 2015 to January 2016 at the waters of the Donan River estuary. The aims of this study were to analyze the content of heavy metals Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu in whiting fish muscle and determine the tolerance limit to consume fish containing the heavy metals. Commonly, the average content of heavy metal in the whiting fish muscle based on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) reading exeded the standard limit determined, but there are also some fish whose heavy metal still below the standard limit. The values of heavy metal in the fish muscle range &lt;0,005-9,19 ppm (Pb); 304,50-4535,22 ppb (Hg); 0,11-0,56 ppm (Cd); and 0,36-1,39 ppm (Cu). The maximum weight limit of fish muscle for adults (50 kg) and children (15 kg) are 17,64 g muscle per week and 5,29 g muscle per week, respectively.<br /><br /></p>
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Makedonski, Lubomir, Katya Peycheva, and Mona Stancheva. "Comparison of heavy metal concentration of some marine fishes from Black and Aegean Seas." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 26, no. 1 (2015): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auoc-2015-0004.
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Abstract Major part of healthy human diet consist of marine fish and seafood products. And it is not surprising that there are numerous studies based on metal accumulation in various fish species. Fish may also be used for heavy metal monitoring programs of marine environments due to their easy sampling, sample preparation and chemical analysis. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper, manganese, zinc, iron, chromium, total mercury and total arsenic were determined in edible part of two commercially valuable fish Greek aquaculture species European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) purchased from Bulgarian market during 2011. The concentration of metals was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The concentration of the heavy metals in examined fish species ranged as follow: Pb 0.008 - 0.013; Cd 0.0017 - 0.022; Ni 0.007 - 0.012; Cu 0.054 - 0.115; Mn 0.043 - 0.09; Zn 0.14 - 0.15; Fe 0.17 - 0.19; Cr 0.05 - 0.07; Hg 0.11 - 0.13; As 1.6 - 1.8 mg kg-1 wet weight, respectively. The concentration of the heavy metals obtained from this study is compared with the results of a Black Sea bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) caught during the same year. The concentration of metals was significantly affected by the sampling site and fish species. Difference in the heavy metal concentration between European sea bass, gilthead sea bream is observed for Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe. Although, the heavy metals in the edible parts of the investigated fish were in the permissible safety levels for human uses.