Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heavy mineral

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Academic literature on the topic 'Heavy mineral'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Heavy mineral"

1

Akon, Eunuse. "Mineralogy, geochemistry and economic potentialities of heavy mineral sand resources of Bangladesh." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24981.

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Heavy mineral sand deposits are the important mineral resources of Bangladesh. Systematic mineral exploration activities carried out in the south eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh were successful to discover seventeen heavy mineral sand (HMS) deposits in the coastal beach and off-shore islands. Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral processing characteristics of the heavy mineral sands and their economic potentialities are presented in the present paper. On an average, HMS deposits contain 23% total heavy minerals. In heavy fraction, average weight percentage of the economic minerals is: zircon 4.20%, rutile 2.04%, ilmenite 26.03%, garnet 6.45%, kyanite 3.92%, leucoxene 2.30%, magnetite 1.87% and monazite 0.31%; and the average weight percentage of other non-economic heavy minerals is 53.88%. Heavy mineral sand deposits altogether contain 1.76 million tons of economically important heavy minerals which are: limonite (1,025,000 tonnes), garnet (223,000 tons), zircon (158,000 tonnes), leucoxene (97,000 tons), kyanite (91,000 tons), rutile (70,000 tons), magnetite (81,000 tones) and monazite (17,000 tonnes). Occurrence of large amount of economic heavy minerals in the sand bars of Brahmaputra-Jamuna River has been reported by some recent studies. On an average, total heavy mineral percentage of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna sand bars is around 8.92%. Mineral sand processing on the bulk samples has been carried out at the pilot plant comprising gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separators to characterize the separation characteristics of individual economic heavy minerals. Geochemical studies on the separated heavy minerals show that TiO2 in rutile is around 90% and ZrO2 in zircon is around 65%, which are quite satisfactory in respect of commercial grade. Ilmenite contains low level of titanium dioxide (TiO2-43%) and higher level of chromium, manganese and iron. Beneficiation and upgrading of limonite will be required to make it a market able commodity. Valuable minerals present in the heavy mineral sand deposits of Bangladesh need to be mined sustainably and utilized for the benefit of the country.
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Marcinkowski, Bogusław, and Elżbieta Mycielska-Dowgiałło. "Heavy-mineral analysis in Polish investigations of Quaternary deposits: a review." Geologos 19, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2013): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2013-0002.

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Abstract The composition of heavy-mineral assemblages is one of the main textural features of sediments because they can have significant value for the interpretation of, among others, their depositional environment, their depositional processes, and their stratigraphic position. Distinctive features of heavy minerals include their resistance to chemical weathering and mechanical abrasion, their habit, and their density. These parameters are the most widely used in the heavy-mineral research of Quaternary deposits in Poland, as well as in such research in other countries conducted by Polish scientists. Several other heavy-mineral parameters can also be used in various types of interpretation. It is discussed whether heavy-mineral analysis is decisive in the evaluation of deposits or whether it plays mainly a role that may support evidence obtained by other types of analysis. The attention is mainly devoted to transparent heavy minerals; the significance of opaque heavy minerals for interpretational purposes is only mentioned.
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Gartmair, Gisela, Milo Barham, and Christopher L. Kirkland. "Detrital Zircon Perspectives on Heavy Mineral Sand Systems, Eucla Basin, Australia." Economic Geology 117, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4871.

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Abstract Southern Australia’s Cenozoic Eucla basin contains world-class strandline heavy mineral deposits. This study links detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and heavy mineral compositions from four mineral sand prospects, and a suite of published deposits, to bounding Archean to Neoproterozoic crustal areas. A variable number of distinct sediment sources is recorded from each prospect’s detrital zircon age spectrum. This variability in zircon ages, quantified using a Shannon-Weaver test, serves as a metric of source region heterogeneity. Greater zircon age heterogeneity correlates with heavy mineral enrichment. Enhanced heavy mineral yields reflect retention of resistate over labile minerals—a function of greater sediment transport, reworking, and upgrading processes that parallel those that result in detrital zircon age polymodality. In this case study, greater reworking in intermediate storage sites and transport by longshore processes, eastward along the ~1,000 km spanned by the study sites, corresponds to the direction of progressive heavy mineral enrichment identified in zircon ages and mineral compositions. This approach is a proxy for the duration minerals have spent in the sedimentary system and provides an important perspective for understanding heavy mineral sands.
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Lünsdorf, Kalies, Ahlers, Dunkl, and von Eynatten. "Semi-Automated Heavy-Mineral Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy." Minerals 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070385.

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A significant amount of information on sedimentary provenance is encoded in the heavy minerals of a sediment or sedimentary rock. This information is commonly assessed by optically determining the heavy-mineral assemblage, potentially followed by geochemical and/or geochronological analysis of specific heavy minerals. The proposed method of semi-automated heavy-mineral analysis by Raman spectroscopy (Raman-HMA) aims to combine the objective mineral identification capabilities of Raman spectroscopy with high-resolution geochemical techniques applied to single grains. The Raman-HMA method is an efficient and precise tool that significantly improves the comparability of heavy-mineral data with respect to both overall assemblages and individual compositions within solid solution series. Furthermore, the efficiency of subsequent analysis is increased due to identification and spatial referencing of the heavy minerals in the sample slide. The method is tested on modern sediments of the Fulda river (central Germany) draining two Miocene volcanic sources (Vogelsberg, Rhön) resting on top of Lower Triassic siliciclastic sediments. The downstream evolution of the volcanic detritus is documented and the capability to analyze silt-sized grains has revealed an additional eolian source. This capability also poses the possibility of systematically assessing the heavy-mineral assemblages of shales, which are often disregarded in sedimentary provenance studies.
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Garzanti, Eduardo, and Sergio Andò. "Heavy Minerals for Junior Woodchucks." Minerals 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030148.

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In the last two centuries, since the dawn of modern geology, heavy minerals have been used to investigate sediment provenance and for many other scientific or practical applications. Not always, however, with the correct approach. Difficulties are diverse, not just technical and related to the identification of tiny grains, but also procedural and conceptual. Even the definition of “heavy minerals” is elusive, and possibly impossible. Sampling is critical. In many environments (e.g., beaches), both absolute and relative heavy mineral abundances invariably increase or decrease locally to different degrees owing to hydraulic-sorting processes, so that samples close to "neutral composition" are hard to obtain. Several widely shared opinions are misleading. Choosing a narrow size-window for analysis leads to increased bias, not to increased accuracy or precision. Only point-counting provides real volume percentages, whereas grain-counting distorts results in favor of smaller minerals. This paper also briefly reviews the heavy mineral associations typically found in diverse plate-tectonic settings. A mineralogical assemblage, however, only reproduces the mineralogy of source rocks, which does not correlate univocally with the geodynamic setting in which those source rocks were formed and assembled. Moreover, it is affected by environmental bias, and by diagenetic bias on top in the case of ancient sandstones. One fruitful way to extract information on both provenance and sedimentological processes is to look for anomalies in mineralogical–textural relationships (e.g., denser minerals bigger than lower-density minerals; harder minerals better rounded than softer minerals; less durable minerals increasing with stratal age and stratigraphic depth). To minimize mistakes, it is necessary to invariably combine heavy mineral investigations with the petrographic analysis of bulk sand. Analysis of thin sections allows us to see also those source rocks that do not shed significant amounts of heavy minerals, such as limestone or granite, and helps us to assess heavy mineral concentration, the “outer” message carrying the key to decipher the “inner message” contained in the heavy mineral suite. The task becomes thorny indeed when dealing with samples with strong diagenetic overprint, which is, unfortunately, the case of most ancient sandstones. Diagenesis is the Moloch that devours all grains that are not chemically resistant, leaving a meager residue difficult or even impossible to interpret when diagenetic effects accumulate through multiple sedimentary cycles. We have conceived this friendly little handbook to help the student facing these problems, hoping that it may serve the purpose.
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Cascalho, João, Pedro J. M. Costa, Guy Gelfenbaum, Seanpaul La Selle, and Bruce Jaffe. "Selective sediment transport during Hurricane Sandy on Fire Island (New York, USA): Inferences from heavy-mineral assemblages." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.12.

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ABSTRACT In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused severe erosion on beaches and dunes of Fire Island (New York, USA). Major shoreline changes occurred with erosional dominance in the upper shoreline and aggradation in the lowermost section of the beach due to the deposition of eroded upper-beach and dune sediment. Sand laminae with a high concentration of heavy minerals (“black sand laminae”) were observed in three excavated trenches located on a washover terrace and fan on the east side of Fire Island. The mineral composition of these laminae reveals the presence of high quantities of magnetite, ilmenite (as opaque minerals), and garnet (as the main translucent mineral). These heavy-mineral-enriched laminae were formed as waves eroded and transported sand from the primary dune and smaller relict dunes under specific hydrodynamic conditions that promoted grain sorting according to differences in size and specific gravity. Based on the concentrations of certain heavy minerals, the threshold for primarily density-driven sorting probably lies between the specific gravity of less dense opaque mineral (ilmenite, 4.7) and almandine (4.3), the most common transparent heavy mineral. The number of laminae and concentrations of heavy minerals vary between trenches on the overwash terrace and appear to be controlled by their distance from sediment sources. The trench with the greatest number of laminae and higher heavy-mineral concentrations is located farthest from the main dune but is just 10 m inland of a relict dune that acts as the primary source of sediment of the washover deposit in this trench. A conceptual model for deposition of heavy-mineral layers is presented based on geomorphological and sedimentological evidence allowing the definition of a density threshold.
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Sun, Lei, Yuanyun Xie, Chunguo Kang, Yunping Chi, Peng Wu, Zhenyu Wei, Siqi Li, Qian Zhao, and Shuo Liu. "The composition of heavy minerals of the sandy lands, Northeast China and their implications for tracing detrital sources." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): e0276494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276494.

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Comprehending heavy mineral composition of the sandy land in Northeast China (NESL) is of great significance for interpreting generation, pathways, source and geochemistry of sediments in this area. To this end, the fine-grained (<63 μm) aeolian-fluvial sediments and loess deposits, which were taken from the Onqin Daga Sandy Land, the Horqin Sandy Land, the Hulun Buir Sandy Land and the Songnen Sandy Land, and from the downwind loess section (L1), respectively, were analyzed to construct the heavy mineral data set of NESL source and sink and to evaluate feasibility of the heavy mineral method in tracing the source of aeolian dust in Northeast China. Additionally, the <63 μm, 63–125 μm and 125–250 μm fractions of the fluvial sands from the different Balan River reaches having a same source, were analyzed to valuate the impact of the river transport-sedimentation process on the heavy mineral composition. The results show that the NESL shows moderate similarities in the heavy mineral composition, with ilmenite, epidote, zircon and amphibole as the primary minerals. In the source-to-sink system in the NESL, limited by sedimentary differentiation, post-deposition alteration and similar source material composition, the heavy mineral composition of the loess and that of sandy-land sources does not well correlate, indicating single heavy mineral method is incapable of unequivocally detecting loess sources when not considering the physical geographical conditions. The sediments in the different Balan River reaches show clear diversities and grain-size dependency in heavy minerals composition, indicating the river transport-deposition processes exert a clear control on the heavy-mineral composition in the sediment downstream. Both a wide grain-size window and more numbers of samples are needed to obtain a complete heavy-mineral picture in the source area.
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Kim, Hyesu, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Yongsik Jeong, and Jieun Kim. "Variations in Spectral Signals of Heavy Metal Contamination in Mine Soils Controlled by Mineral Assemblages." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203273.

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This paper illustrates a spectroscopic analysis of heavy metal concentration in mine soils with the consideration of mineral assemblages originated by weathering and mineralization processes. The mine soils were classified into two groups based on the mineral composition: silicate clay mineral group (Group A) and silicate–carbonate–skarn–clay mineral group (Group B). Both soil groups are contaminated with Cu, Zn, As, and Pb, while the contamination level was higher for Group A. The two groups exhibit different geochemical behaviors with different heavy metal contamination. The spectral variation associated with heavy metal was highly correlated with absorption features of clay and iron oxide minerals for Group A, and the absorption features of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals for Group B. It indicates that the geochemical adsorption of heavy metal elements mainly occurs with clay minerals and iron oxides from weathering, and of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals from mineralization. Therefore, soils from different secondary mineral production processes should be analyzed with different spectral models. We constructed spectral models for predicting Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in soil group A and Zn and Pb in soil group B using corresponding absorptions. Both models were statistically significant with sufficient accuracy.
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Spark, K. M., J. D. Wells, and B. B. Johnson. "Sorption of heavy metals by mineral-humic acid substrates." Soil Research 35, no. 1 (1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96010.

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The effect of humic acid on the sorption of metals by minerals was studied inrelation to the separate interactions of the humic acid with the minerals, thehumic acid with the metals, and the metals with the minerals. Sorption of themetals in combined mineral–humic acid systems can be explained in termsof generalised sorption reactions.Sorption of the metals in mineral–humic acid systems is dependent onsorption of humic acid by the mineral and on the solubility of themetal–humic acid complex. Sorption is enhanced in the combined systemsfor the minerals goethite and silica due to secondary reactions in whichmetal–humic acid complexes are adsorbed by the minerals. Sorption of themetal–humic acid complex in the combined systems for α-alumina and kaolinite is not enhanced, possibly due to competing reactions associated withthe sorption of the humic acid by these minerals.
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Setiady, Deny, and Noor C. D. Aryanto. "HEAVY MINERALS IN PLACER DEPOSIT IN SINGKAWANG WATERS, WEST Kalimantan, RELATED TO FELSIC SOURCE ROCK OF ITS COASTAL AREA." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 25, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.25.1.2010.21.

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Placer deposits are physically accumulated by fluvial and marine processes in coastal area. Thirty six samples were selected from seventy seven samples of seafloor sediment of Singkawang waters. Those samples have been analyzed microscopically for heavy mineral contents. Based on this analysis, the heavy minerals can be divided into four groups: oxyde and hydroxyde, silicate, sulphide, and carbonate. The source of most heavy minerals in the study area is commonly formed by Felsic igneous rock and finally deposited on the seafloor sediments. Keywords: heavy minerals, placer deposit, felsic igneous rock, Singkawang Endapan letakan secara fisik umumnya terakumulasi oleh proses sungai dan laut. Sebanyak 36 contoh dipilih dari 77 contoh sedimen permukaan dasar laut di Perairan Singkawang. Contoh tersebut telah dilakukan analisis kandungan mineral berat secara mikroskopis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis mineral berat ini dapat dibedakan menjadi empat kelompok yaitu oksida dan hidroksida, silikat, sulfida, dan karbonat. Sebagian besar sumber mineral berat di daerah penelitian pada umumnya berasal dari batuan beku felsik yang akhirnya diendapkan di permukaan dasar laut. Kata kunci: mineral berat, endapan letakan, batuan beku felsik, Singkawang.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heavy mineral"

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Dydak, Sara M. "The Hydraulic Sorting of Light and Heavy Minerals, Heavy-Mineral Concentrations, and Grain Size." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617625.

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Eisenmann, Matthew Donnel. "Elutriation Technology in Heavy Mineral Separations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35707.

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Hindered-bed separators have been used in several different mineral processing fields for many years. Recent improvements in designs have led to the development of the CrossFlow separator. This new design employs a tangential feed system that has shown promise in several applications. This paper investigates the use of this relatively new technology to upgrade heavy mineral concentrates using Florida type ores. The intended use of this separatory device in this particular application is the removal of gangue quartz from other valuable heavy minerals such as ilmenite, leucoxene, rutile, zircon, and staurolite. The results of two different pilot-scale in-plant testing investigations are discussed. In general, quartz rejections in excess of 80% were achieved while maintaining TiO2 and heavy mineral recoveries above 98% and 99%, respectively. In addition to field test work, two separate unit models have been developed. The first model is an empirical investigation into understanding unit operation and functionality. The second model is a statistical prediction of unit operation based on specific field test work. These models can be used to effectively scale-up a CrossFlow unit for full-scale installation at any Florida heavy mineral sands operation. Emphasis is placed on unit capacity and other operational parameters such as elutriation flowrate and bed level.
Master of Science
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Lener, Edward F. "Mineral Chemistry of Heavy Minerals in the Old Hickory Deposit, Sussex and Dinwiddie Counties, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35803.

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The Old Hickory is the largest of a series of Pliocene (?) age heavy mineral sand deposits in Virginia and North Carolina. The high density of heavy minerals allows for selective concentration during transport and deposition. Under the right conditions, placers of considerable size can be formed. The elliptically shaped ore body of the Old Hickory Deposit extends in a North - South direction and is approximately 13 km (8 miles) long and up to 2.5 km (1.5 miles) wide, with an average thickness of 6.5 m (20 feet). The deposit lies along the Fall Zone, where a thin wedge of Cenozoic Coastal Plain sediments unconformably overlies the older rocks of the Piedmont. The principal minerals of economic interest found in the heavy mineral sands at the site are ilmenite (FeTiO3), leucoxene (Fe2-xTi3+xO9+x/2) where x is less than or equal to 2, rutile (TiO2), and zircon (ZrSiO4). An important focus of this study is the alteration of ilmenite by leaching away of iron, which results in enrichment in titanium. Titanium metal is highly valued for its light weight and high strength. In terms of total economic value, however, the use of titanium dioxide pigments for paint, coated paper, and other products is far more important. As the value of the ore is heavily dependent on the titanium content, the weathering process is a matter of considerable interest to the mineral industry. Analysis of ilmenite grains using reflected light microscopy revealed a wide range of alteration textures. Quantitative analysis and mapping of trace elements showed altered areas with enrichment in Ti and depletion in Fe, Mn, Mg, and Cr. It is believed that the weathering process took place in a reducing environment prior to final deposition according to the reaction:
    Fe2+TiO3 + 2H+ --> Fe2+ (aq) + TiO2 + H2O
Reducing environments are found in water-logged soils such as floodplains and other low-lying areas. Repeated cycles of burial and exhumation during transport would have created conditions ideal for the removal of iron from the ilmenite.
Master of Science
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Hughes, Nicholas. "Heavy mineral distribution in upland gravel-bed rivers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27944.

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The characteristics of gravel-bed river deposits vary according to the complex relationships between hydrological and sedimentological regimes that occur over a range of spatial and temporal scales. This thesis concerns the composition and distribution of fine-grained sediment in British upland rivers; the size fractions which are perhaps the most susceptible, as regards both quantity and quality, to human activity and yet which can yield important information regarding upstream geological characteristics.
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Hapugoda, Priyanthi Devika. "Rapid measurement of heavy mineral content in wet-plant streams /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18496.pdf.

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De, Villiers Dawid. "Characterisation of heavy mineral sands and soils by radiometry and its use in mineral benefication and agriculture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6851.

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Thesis (PhD (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Radioactivity is well known and well understood, but its usefulness in industrial applications to optimise processes or increase economic viability is not yet fully utilised by many industries. This study focuses on the measurement of natural radioactivity and its application in heavy mineral separation and vineyard soil classification. The gamma radiometry set-up consisted of a high purity germanium detector, a Marinelli beaker as sample container and associated electronics. It was calibrated for laboratorybased measurements by minimising the background radiation with the use of lead castle and energy and resolution calibrations. Furthermore, detection parameters were optimised; these included the counting time, the selection of gamma rays used for analysis of a sample, the peak area calculation for the detector dead time and the detector efficiency. Given that the samples had different densities and volumes, the detector efficiency had to be corrected for volume and density effects. After implementation of the corrections and optimisations the detection system was tested and found able to accurately measure radioactivity concentrations. The systematic measurement errors for 238U were 5.1 % in the case of the heavy mineral sands and 34.3 % for the vineyard soils, 4.5 % for the 232Th concentrations and 4.7 % for 40K concentrations. Statistical errors were kept below 2 %. The application of radiometry has not been done before at any South African heavy mineral separation plant. For this reason radiometry is suggested as an easier, faster and cheaper alternative to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for effective implementation of grade control for zircon to improve the cost benefit of the heavy mineral separation process. Zircon is an example of a heavy mineral that is worldwide in demand with a consumption of more than a million tonnes per year. It is used in a wide range of industrial applications and products that include tiles, sanitary ware and plasma displays. South Africa is the second largest producer of zircon in the world and also has the second largest reserve of available zircon, making this mineral a viable source of income for several years to come. Radioactivity, in the form of uranium and thorium, and other impurities such as iron oxide and titanium oxide are found in the crystal lattice of zircon. For it to be a sellable product, the sum of the uranium and thorium concentrations must be less than 500 parts per million for prime or first grade zircon and less than 1000 parts per million for second grade zircon. At present the concentrations of uranium and thorium in zircon concentrates are measured on a whole rock basis by XRF during and at the end of the processing cycle before the final products are ready to be shipped. This is not an ideal situation as the grab samples are taken periodically and are not necessarily representative of the stream or final assignment and has resulted in significant losses by the producer. The solution is to accurately measure the uranium and thorium concentrations fast or immediately, preferably the measurements must be made online and in real time so that processing decisions can be implemented quickly to optimise the final product. Heavy mineral sand samples were obtained from the various separation processes in a Mineral Separation Plant and their 238U and 232Th concentrations determined. The results indicated that the samples’ uranium to thorium ratios together with their total concentrations can be used to differentiate between the samples (i.e. separation processes). The measurement results were compared with those obtained with XRF. The correlations with radiometry were excellent for the uranium (r2 = 0.992), thorium (r2 = 0.998) and total concentrations (r2 = 0.998). Radiometric measurements were also conducted by decreasing the counting time from 3600 s to 1 s to investigate its effect on the accuracy of the results. Correlations between the different times and 3600 s ranged from excellent to good. The obtained results are then used to recommend that radiometry is used in a Mineral Separation Plant to verify that the zircon and zirkwa meet the specifications, to optimise the entrance feed and the other separation processes and to monitor the tailings streams. Finally the practical aspects of the implementation of radiometry are discussed. As a second application was radiometry applied in an agricultural pilot study to demonstrate the applicability of radiometry as a possible useful tool in soil classification. The creation of a vineyard is a long term and expensive investment and its yield and quality will be influenced by many factors such as the type of soil, viticultural preparations and climate. Information on the different soil types in a vineyard is therefore indispensable for the optimisation of land use with respect to vine cultivar, wine quality and production. Soil samples were obtained from Kanonkop, Simonsig and Spier vineyards and their 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations determined, assuming that fertilisers would have no effect on the results. The difference in 40K concentrations were related to the clay fraction of the soil and demonstrated that the Kanonkop and Simonsig soils are fine-grained and clay-rich compared to the sandy coarse-grained soils of Spier. The uranium and thorium concentrations were indicators of whether the mineralogy of the soil is the same as the underlying bedrock as well as soil maturity. The measurement results were compared with those obtained with XRF. The correlation with radiometry were poor for the uranium concentrations (r2 = 0.314), as many of the samples concentrations were below the XRF detection limit. The correlations were excellent for both thorium (r2 = 0.985) and potassium (r2 = 0.999). As a positive result from the findings of the study was an in-situ measurement performed by Newman et al. for the radiometric mapping of a Simonsig vineyard for soil classification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Radioaktiwiteit is wel bekend en word goed verstaan, tog is die gebruik daarvan in industriele toepassings om prosesses te optimiseer of winsgrense te verhoog nog nie deur baie industrië ten volle benut nie. Hierdie studie fokus op die meting van natuurlike radioaktiwiteit en die toepassing daarvan in swaar mineraal skeiding en wingerd grond klassifikasie. Die gamma radiometrie opstelling het bestaan uit ‘n hoë suiwerheid germanium detektor, 'n Marinelli beker as monster houer en verwante elektronika. Dit was gekalibreer vir laboratorium gebaseerde metings deur die vermindering van die agtergrondstraling met die gebruik van lood kasteel en energie en resolusie kalibrasies. Verder was deteksie parameters geoptimaliseer, dit sluit in die teltyd, die keuse van gammastrale wat gebruik word vir die ontleding van 'n monster, die piek area berekening, die korreksie vir die detektor se dooie tyd en die detektor doeltreffendheid. Gegee dat die monsters van mekaar verskil het in terme van dighteid en volume was dit nodig om die detektor doeltreffendheid te korrigeer vir volume en digtheid effekte. Na die implementering van die korreksies en optimalisasie was die detektor stelsel getoets en was gevind dat radioaktiwiteit konsentrasies akkuraat gelewer kan lewer. Die sistematiese meet foute vir 238U was 5.1 % vir die mineraal sand en 34.3 % vir wingerd grond, 4.5 % vir 232Th konsentrasies en 4.7 % vir 40K konsentrasies. Statistiese foute was onder 2 % gehou. Die toepassing van radiometrie was nog nie voorheen by enige Suid-Afrikaanse swaar mineraal skeidings aanleg gedoen nie. Vir die rede is radiometrie voorgestel as ‘n makliker, vinniger en goedkoper alternatief teenoor XSF vir effektiewe implementering van graad beheer vir zirkon om die koste voordeel van die swaar mineral skeiding proses te verbeter. Zirkon is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n swaar mineraal wat wêreldwyd in aanvraag is met ‘n verbruik van meer as ‘n miljoen ton per jaar. Dit word in ‘n wye reeks van industriele toepassings en produkte gebruik onder andere teëls, sanitêre ware en plasma skerms. Suid Afrika is die tweede grootste vervaardiger van zirkon in die wêreld en het ook die tweede grootste reserwe van besikbare zirkon. Dit veroorsaak dat die mineraal ‘n lewensvatbare brom van inkomste is vir nog etlike jare. Radioaktiwiteit, in die vorm van uraan en thorium, word tesame met ander onsuiwerhede soos ysteroksied en titaanoksied in zirkon se kristal rooster gevind. Om ‘n verkoopbare produk te wees moet die som van die uraan en thorium konsentrasies minder wees as 500 dele per miljoen vir prima en eerste graad zirkon en minder wees as 1000 dele per miljoen vir tweede graadse zirkon. Huidiglik word die uraan en thorium konsentrasies in die zirkon konsentraat gemeet op ‘n heel gesteente basis met X-straal fluoroskopie (XSF) gedurende en op die einde van die prosesering siklus net voor die finale produk reg is om versend te word. Dit is nie die ideale situasie nie, want die monsters word periodies geneem en is nie noodwendig verteenwoordigend van die stroom of die finale produk nie en het al tot beduidende verliese deur die vervaardiger gelei. Die oplossing is om die uraan en thorium konsentrasies vinnig of onmiddelik te meet, verkieslik moet die metings inlyn en intyds gedoen word om verwerkings besluite vinnig geimplementeer kan word om die finale produk te optimaliseer. Swaar mineraal sand monsters was verkry van die verskeie skeidingsprosesse in ‘n Mineraal Skeidings Aanleg en hul 238U en 232Th konsentrasies bepaal. Die resultate het aangetoon dat die monsters se uraan en thorium verhoudings saam met hul totale konsentrasies gebruik kan word om te onderskei tussen die monsters (oftewel die skeiding prosesse). Die meting resultate was vergelyk met dié verkry met XSF. Die korrelasies met radiometrie was uitstekend vir die uraan (r2 = 0.992), thorium (r2 = 0.998) en totale konsentrasies (r2 = 0.998). Radiometriese metings was ook uigevoer deur die teltyd te verminder van 3600 s tot 1 s om die uitwerking daarvan op die akkuraatheid van die resultate te ondersoek. Korrelasies tussen die verskillende tye en 3600 s het gewissel van uitstekend tot goed. Die bevindinge was dan gebruik om aan te beveel dat radiometrie in a Mineraal Skeidings Aanleg gebruik kan word om te verifeer dat daar aan die zirkon en zirkwa spesifikasies voldoen word, om die begin voer en ander skeidings prosesse te optimaliseer en ook die uitskot strome te monitor. Laastens is die praktiese aspekte van die implementering van radiometrie bespreek. Vir die tweede toepassing was radiometrie toepgepas in ‘n loods studie in die landbou om die toepaslikheid van radiometrie as ‘n moontlike nuttige instrument in grond klassifikasie te demonstreer. Die skepping van ‘n wingerd is ‘n lang termyn en duur belegging waarvan die opbrengs en kwaliteit beinvloed sal word deur vele faktore, onder andere die tipe grond, wynbou voorbereidings en die klimaat. Inligiting oor die verskillende grond tipes in ‘n wingerd is daarom onmisbaar vir die optimalisering van land gebruik in betrekking tot die wingerdstok kultivar, wyn kwaliteit en produksie. Radiometrie is toegepas om te demonstreer die toepaslikheid daaran as ‘n moontlike nuttige instrument in grond klassifikasie. Grondmonsters was verkry vanaf Kanonkop, Simonsig en Spier wingerde en hul 238U, 232Th en 40K konsentrasies bepaal met die aanname dat kunsmis nie ‘n uitwerking op die resultate sou hê nie. Die verskil in 40K konsentrasies was verwant aan die kleifraksie van die grond en het getoon dat die Kanonkop en Simonsig gronde is fyn korrelrig en kleiryk is in vergelyking met die sanderige growwe korrel grond van Spier. Die uraan en thorium konsentrasies het gedui op die samestelling van die grond en ook aangedui watter grond dieselfde is as die onderliggende rots. Die meting resultate was vergelyk met dié verkry met XSF. Die korrelasie met die radiometrie was sleg vir die uraan konsentrasies (r2 = 0.314) aangesien baie van die monster konsentrasies laer was as die XSF deteksie limiet. Die korrelasies was uitstekend vir beide thorium (r2 = 0.985) en kalium (r2 = 0.999). As ‘n positiewe resultaat van die studie se bevindinge was ‘n in-situ meting gedoen deur Newman et al. om ‘n Simonsig wingerd radiomeries te karteer vir grond klassifasie.
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Duffin, P. A. "The effect of phytate on mineral bioavailability and heavy metal contaminants." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/595/.

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Carelse, Candice. "Mineralogy and provenance of the Namakwa Sands heavy mineral satellite deposits." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71980.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Five areas proximal to the world class Namakwa Sands heavy mineral deposit have been studied and include the farms Houtkraal Remainder Portion 2, Houtkraal Remainder, Geelwal Karoo, Graauwduinen and Rietfontein. These are locally referred to as the satellite deposits and are sub-economic occurrences. The primary objective of the study was to quantify the mineralogy and mineral chemistry, determine the provenance of the heavy mineral suite and draw a comparison between the satellite deposits and the Namakwa Sands deposit from an exploratory point of view. Methodology used to achieve the above objectives included optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy (QEMSCAN), X- Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Zr-geothermometry of rutile. The five satellite areas contain the same heavy mineral suite but mineral proportions differ. The total heavy mineral population (THM) are diverse and consist of ilmenite and its alteration products (hydrated ilmenite, pseudorutile and leucoxene), magnetite, hematite, spinel, rutile, tourmaline, pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, aluminosilicates, staurolite, corundum, epidote, zircon, monazite and sphene. Ilmenite and garnet are the two most dominant heavy minerals present. The valuable heavy minerals (VHM) suite consists of ilmenite, zircon, rutile and leucoxene. The mineralogy of the satellite areas and chemistry of the ore minerals (rutile, zircon, ilmenite and leucoxene) are similar to the Namakwa Sands deposit. The whole spectrum of ilmenite alteration products (hydrated ilmenite, pseudorutile, and leucoxene) is present and allowed the quantitative use of the alteration index. The indices is low (22-24%) and indicates that the surficial deposits have formed under arid to semi-arid climatological conditions which preserved the pristine character of most of the minerals. This allowed reliable provenance studies using the characteristics of most of the heavy mineral suite, which showed that the minerals were derived from a diversity of source rocks. These included mainly medium to high-grade metamorphites and felsic intrusives of the underlying Mesoproterozoic Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex and a minor contribution from the Neoproterozoic Gariep Supergroup. This relationship indicates a limited transport distance from source to depositional basin. Mineral ratios in particular the THM-VHM relationship showed that the deposits located close to the shoreline such as Geelwal Karoo, Graauwduinen and Rietfontein have a relatively low proportion of valuable heavy minerals whereas those more inland such as Houtkraal Remainder Portion 2 and Houtkraal Remainder are close to unity. Heavy mineral concentration as such is low in the satellite areas and the mechanism to increase the concentration is clearly not only a function of distance from the present shoreline but is also topographically controlled. Steep sided linear depressions channelled the unconsolidated sediments and heavy minerals were upgraded into economic concentrations by aeolian processes. The quality of the valuable heavy minerals in the satellite areas however is similar to those of the adjacent Namakwa Sands deposit. This study has demonstrated that Houtkraal Remainder is the northeasterly continuation of the red aeolian sand (RAS) associated East Mine orebody and offers the best exploration potential.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vyf areas proksimaal aan die Namakwa Sands swaar mineral afsetting is bestudeer en sluit in Houtkraal Remainder, Houtkraal Remainder Portion 2, Geelwal Karoo, Graauwduinen en Rietfontein. Hierdie areas word plaaslik na verwys as satelliet afsettings en is subekonomies. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om die mineralogie en mineral chemie te kwantifiseer, die oorsprong van die swaar mineraal suite te bepaal asook n vergelyking te tref tussen die satelliet areas en die Namakwa Sands afsetting vanuit n verkennende eksplorasie oogpunt. Optiese mikroskopie, SEM, LA-ICP-MS, QEMSCAN, XRF en die Zr-geotermometer van rutiel is gebruik om bostaande doele te bereik. Die vyf satellite areas bestaan uit dieselfde swaar minerale maar mineral proporsies verskil. Die totale swaar mineraal populasie is divers en bestaan uit ilmeniet en ilmeniet se veranderingsprodukte (gehidreerde ilmeniet, pseudorutiel en leukokseen), magnetiet, hematiet, spinel, rutiel, toermalyn, pirokseen, amfibool, granaat, aluminiumsilikate, stauroliet, korund, epidoot, sirkoon, monasiet and sfeen. Ilmenite en granaat is die twee mees dominante swaar minerale teenwoordig. Die waardevolle swaar mineraal populasie bestaan uit ilmeniet, rutiel, sirkoon en leukokseen. Die mineralogie van die satelliet areas en die chemie van die erts minerale (rutiel, sirkoon, ilmeniet en leukokseen) is dieselfde as die van die Namakwa Sands afsetting. Die hele spektrum ilmeniet veranderingsprodukte is teenwoordig en het die kwantitatiewe gebruik van die alterasie indeks toegelaat. Die alterasie indekse is laag (22-24%) en dui aan dat die oppervak afsettings gevorm het tydens droë tot semi droë toestande wat die eertydse karakter van meeste minerale bewaar het. Deurdat die karakter van meeste minerale behoue gebly het, kon provenans studies toegepas word op die swaar mineraal suite. Provenans studies het aangedui dat die swaar minerale afkomstig is van n verskeidenheid van bron gesteentes. Dit sluit in medium tot hoë graad metamorfe gesteentes en felsiese intrusies van die Mesoproterosoïese Namakwaland Metamorfiese Kompleks met n geringe bydrae van die Neo Proterosoïese Gariep Supergroep. Hierdie verhouding dui n beperkte vervoer afstand aan vanaf die bron tot by die afsettings omgewing. Mineraal vehoudings spesifiek die totale swaar mineraal-waardevolle swaar mineraal verhoudings dui aan dat afsettings na aan die kus soos Geelwal Karoo, Graauwduinen en Rietfontien n lae inhoud van waardevolle swaar minerale het teenoor afsettings soos Houtkraal Remainder Portion 2 en Houtkraal Remainder wat meer land in is met verhoudings na aan eenheid. Swaar mineral konsentrasie is laag in die satellite areas en die meganisme verantwoordelik vir die toename in konsentrasie is nie net n funksie van die afstand van die bestaande kuslyn nie maar word ook deur topografie beheer. Steil sydige lineêre depressies kanaliseer die ongekonsolideerde sediment en swaar minerale en word opgradeer tot ekonomiese konsentrasies deur wind prossese. Die kwaliteit van die waardevolle swaar minerale in die satelliet areas is egter dieselfde as die van die aangrensende Namakwa Sands afsetting. Hierdie studie het gewys dat Houtkraal Remainder is die noordelike voortsetting van die Rooi Aeoliese Sand geassosieerde Oos Myn ertsliggam en bied die beste eksplorasie potensiaal.
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Berquist, C. R. Jr. "Stratigraphy and heavy mineral analysis in the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616565.

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Spatially continuous patterns of heavy mineral distributions in three dimensions characterized the sandy Holocene sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay. A pilot study using Q-mode factor analysis on data from an earlier study determined mineral assemblages and mineral composition gradients; the gradients suggested that surficial sediments entered the Bay from offshore and from older deposits to the west. Principal components analysis of the same data indicated that the abundances of only 5 out of 21 minerals were adequate to explain most of the mineral variance. The mineralogy of 87 samples from cores defining two geologic cross-sections was added to the pilot study data and formed a new data set of 173 samples and 5 minerals. Q-mode factor analysis gave similar end-member compositions and mineral gradients as compared to the pilot study. Mineral gradients in the cross-sections show offshore sediment rich in amphibole, garnet, and pyroxene has entered the Bay mouth and presently overlies landward-derived sediment rich in zircon and epidote. The gradients depict tube- and tongue-shaped pathways located above paleodrainages. Surficial gradients support the notion of mutually evasive ebb and flood channels in the Bay entrance. Most of the Holocene sediment in the lower Bay appears to have originated from outside the Bay mouth, to include littoral drift from the north. The techniques used in this study may be useful in an attempt to subdivide a massive sandy lithosome by recognizing distinct stratigraphic units of different age or origin. A magnetohydrostatic mineral separator was constructed and tested.
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Lynn, Michael David. "The development and distribution of heavy mineral concentrations in alluvial systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005549.

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The objective of this review is to summarise the characteristics, significance and evolution of heavy minerals and their accumulations, and to identify the key controls on the development and distribution of heavy mineral concentrations in alluvial systems. These controls can be broadly classified as tectonic setting, geomorphic setting and grain-scale concentrating processes, each of which is discussed. Based on this review, exploration models are developed which are designed to indicate favourable localities for the accumulation of heavy minerals, and trends likely to be exhibited within these accumulations. The models are structured from the broadest scale of target selection, down to the local scale of sample site selection. The major conclusion of this work is that an understanding of process geomorphology is required to develop genetic models of placer development, including a detailed evaluation of climatic fluctuations throughout the Caenozoic. Palaeoplacers such as the Witwatersrand goldfield, are inferred to have formed under similar circumstances of tectonic setting as genetically comparable Caenozoic placers such as those of Otago, New Zealand. The means of preservation of such major basins is however poorly understood.
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Books on the topic "Heavy mineral"

1

International Heavy Minerals Conference (3rd 2001 Freemantle, W.A.). International Heavy Minerals Conference 2001: Proceedings : advances in mineral beneficiation. Carlton South, Victoria: AusIMM, 2001.

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International Heavy Minerals Conference (5th 2005 Ponte Vedra, Jacksonville, FL). 2005 heavy minerals conference proceedings. Littleton, Colo: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., 2005.

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Luepke, Gretchen. Economic heavy minerals in sediments from an offshore area east of Cape Charles, Virginia. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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R, Berquist C., ed. Heavy-mineral studies--Virginia inner continental shelf. Charlottesville, Va: Commonwealth of Virginia, Dept. of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mineral Resources, 1990.

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Brooks, Denis R. Reclamation in Australia's heavy mineral sands industry. S.l: s.n, 1989.

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Rosenblum, Sam. Methods and preliminary results of heavy-mineral studies in Liberia. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Grosz, A. E. NURE stream sediment geochemical data indicative of prospective terranes for Ti-Zr-REE placer exploration in selected regions of the United States. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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J, Poppe Lawrence, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Sand-sized heavy-mineral distributions in the Rio Cibuco system and adjacent rivers of north-central Puerto Rico. [Menlo Park, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Luepke, Gretchen. Sand-sized heavy-mineral distributions in the Rio Cibuco system and adjacent rivers of north-central Puerto Rico. [Menlo Park, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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R, Griffitts Wallace, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Distribution of zinc heavy-mineral-concentrate from the. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heavy mineral"

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Weijnen, M. P. C., J. N. Schinkel, and F. Elgersma. "Reduction of Metal Emissions by Cleaner Mineral Processing Technology." In Heavy Metals, 209–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79316-5_13.

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Mange, Maria A., and Heinz F. W. Maurer. "Heavy mineral descriptions and colour plates." In Heavy Minerals in Colour, 39–133. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2308-2_7.

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Mange, Maria A., and Heinz F. W. Maurer. "Presentation and numerical analysis of heavy mineral data." In Heavy Minerals in Colour, 27–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2308-2_4.

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Merry, R. H. "Tolerance of plants to ‘heavy metals’." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 165–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3581-5_14.

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Khan, Marga, Ummey Aymen, Ashiq Hussain Mir, Anupam Tiwari, Sheo Mohan Prasad, Joginder Singh, Praveen C. Ramamurthy, Rachana Singh, Simranjeet Singh’, and Parul Parihar. "Understanding Heavy Metal Stress in Plants Through Mineral Nutrients." In Heavy Metals in Plants Physiological to Molecular Approach, 281–309. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003110576-13.

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Kudrass, H. R. "Sedimentary Models to Estimate the Heavy-Mineral Potential of Shelf Sediments." In Marine Minerals, 39–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3803-8_5.

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Matis, K. A., D. Zamboulis, A. I. Zouboulis, and N. K. Lazaridis. "Goethite Mineral as a Sorbent for Heavy Metal Ions." In Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology, 425–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4499-5_32.

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Laverov, N. P., I. A. Chizhova, D. P. Khrushchov, A. V. Lalomov, and E. A. Remezova. "Digital Modeling in the Study of Heavy Mineral Placers." In Geostatistical and Geospatial Approaches for the Characterization of Natural Resources in the Environment, 583–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18663-4_87.

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Van Steveninck, R. F. M., M. E. Van Steveninck, and D. R. Fernando. "Heavy-metal (Zn, Cd) tolerance in selected clones of duck weed (Lemna minor)." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 387–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1650-3_48.

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Attanasi, Emil D., John H. DeYoung, Eric R. Force, and Andrew E. Grosz. "Resource Assessments, Geologic Deposit Models, and Offshore Minerals with an Example of Heavy-Mineral Sands." In Marine Minerals, 485–513. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3803-8_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heavy mineral"

1

Solisio, C., A. Del, A. Esposito, A. Lodi, A. Reverberi, and F. Vegliò. "Biological removal of heavy metals from acid wastewaters." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-109.

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Eroglu, B., and H. Stallknecht. "A laboratory density analysis developed using non-toxic heavy liquid." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-23.

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Kudrass, H. R. "Heavy-Mineral Potential of Shelf Areas: A Review." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/6021-ms.

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Monin, J.-C., and A. Audibert. "Thermal Cracking of Heavy Oil/Mineral Matrix Systems." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16269-ms.

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Akar, G., A. Seyrankaya, E. Güler, and A. Akar. "Removal of heavy minerals from albite of Muğla-Milas district by froth flotation." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-62.

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Fathaddin, Muhammad Taufiq, Nabilah Hisanah, Widya Yanti, R. Hari Karyadi Oetomo, and Ilman Muhammad Azmi. "Designing pressure drawdown test on heavy oil well." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTH SCIENCE, MINERAL, AND ENERGY. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0007494.

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Patchejieff, B., S. Gaydardjiev, and S. Stoev. "On the influence of the disturbed conditions in the centrifugal concentration of heavy fine particles." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-33.

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Worthington, Eleanor Nucup, Kelvin W. Ramsey, C. R. Berquist, and Brent E. Owens. "EVALUATION OF OFFSHORE HEAVY MINERAL RESOURCES OF SOUTHERN DELAWARE." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-311841.

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McLemore, Virginia T. "Distribution, origin, and mineral resource potential of Late Cretaceous heavy mineral, beach-placer sandstone deposits." In 61st Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-61.197.

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Pramadika, Havidh, Apriandi Rizkina Rangga Wastu, Bayu Satiyawira, Cahaya Rosyidan, Mustamina Maulani, Andry Prima, Lisa Samura, and Zakiah Darajat. "Demulsification optimization process on separation of water with heavy oil." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTH SCIENCE, MINERAL, AND ENERGY. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0061527.

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Reports on the topic "Heavy mineral"

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Paulen, R. C., R. D. King, I. R. Smith, and S. J. A. Day. Heavy mineral dispersal studies. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306093.

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Lougheed, H. D., M. B. McClenaghan, D. Layton-Matthews, and M. I. Leybourne. Indicator minerals in fine-fraction till heavy-mineral concentrates determined by automated mineral analysis: examples from two Canadian polymetallic base-metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328011.

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Exploration under glacial sediment cover is a necessary part of modern mineral exploration in Canada. Traditional indicator methods use visual examination to identify mineral grains in the 250 to 2000 µm fraction of till heavy-mineral concentrates (HMC). This study tests automated mineralogical methods using scanning electron microscopy to identify indicator minerals in the fine (&amp;lt;250 µm) HMC fraction of till. Automated mineralogy of polished grains from the fine HMC enables rapid data collection (10 000-300 000 grains/sample). Samples collected near two deposits were used to test this method: four from the upper-amphibolite facies Izok Lake volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Nunavut, and five from the Sisson granite-hosted W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick. The less than 250 µm HMC fraction of till samples collected down ice of each deposit contain ore and alteration minerals typical of their deposit type. Sulfide minerals occur mainly as inclusions in oxidation-resistant minerals, including minerals previously identified in each deposit's metamorphic alteration halo, and are found to occur farther down ice than the grains identified visually in the greater than 250 µm HMC fraction. This project's workflow expands the detectable footprint for certain indicator minerals and enhances the information that can be collected from till samples.
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Wiltse, M. A. Suggested collection methods for heavy-mineral samples. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1232.

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4

de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Lougheed, H. D., M. B. McClenaghan, and D. Layton-Matthews. Mineral markers of base metal mineralization: progress report on the identification of indicator minerals in the fine heavy mineral fraction. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306605.

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Day, S. J. A., R. C. Paulen, I. R. Smith, and R. D. King. Heavy-mineral and indicator-mineral data from stream sediments of southwest Northwest Territories: new potential for undiscovered mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306587.

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Bundtzen, T. K., B. C. Cox, and N. C. Veach. Heavy mineral provenance studies in the Iditarod and Innoko districts, western Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1318.

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Barker, J. C., J. J. Kelley, and A. S. Naidu. Heavy mineral concentration in a marine sediment transport conduit, Bering Strait, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29666.

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Robinson, S. V. J., C. W. Jefferson, R. C. Paulen, D. Layton-Matthews, B. Joy, and D. Quirt. Till and bedrock heavy mineral signatures of the Kiggavik uranium deposits, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297563.

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Lesemann, J. E., D. I. Cummings, B. A. Kjarsgaard, H. A. J. Russell, and D. R. Sharpe. Heavy mineral partitioning in sedimentary facies: Lac Baby Esker, Lac Timiskaming region, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292817.

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