To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Heavy mineral.
Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy mineral'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Heavy mineral.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Akon, Eunuse. "Mineralogy, geochemistry and economic potentialities of heavy mineral sand resources of Bangladesh." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24981.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy mineral sand deposits are the important mineral resources of Bangladesh. Systematic mineral exploration activities carried out in the south eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh were successful to discover seventeen heavy mineral sand (HMS) deposits in the coastal beach and off-shore islands. Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral processing characteristics of the heavy mineral sands and their economic potentialities are presented in the present paper. On an average, HMS deposits contain 23% total heavy minerals. In heavy fraction, average weight percentage of the economic minerals is: zircon 4.20%, rutile 2.04%, ilmenite 26.03%, garnet 6.45%, kyanite 3.92%, leucoxene 2.30%, magnetite 1.87% and monazite 0.31%; and the average weight percentage of other non-economic heavy minerals is 53.88%. Heavy mineral sand deposits altogether contain 1.76 million tons of economically important heavy minerals which are: limonite (1,025,000 tonnes), garnet (223,000 tons), zircon (158,000 tonnes), leucoxene (97,000 tons), kyanite (91,000 tons), rutile (70,000 tons), magnetite (81,000 tones) and monazite (17,000 tonnes). Occurrence of large amount of economic heavy minerals in the sand bars of Brahmaputra-Jamuna River has been reported by some recent studies. On an average, total heavy mineral percentage of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna sand bars is around 8.92%. Mineral sand processing on the bulk samples has been carried out at the pilot plant comprising gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separators to characterize the separation characteristics of individual economic heavy minerals. Geochemical studies on the separated heavy minerals show that TiO2 in rutile is around 90% and ZrO2 in zircon is around 65%, which are quite satisfactory in respect of commercial grade. Ilmenite contains low level of titanium dioxide (TiO2-43%) and higher level of chromium, manganese and iron. Beneficiation and upgrading of limonite will be required to make it a market able commodity. Valuable minerals present in the heavy mineral sand deposits of Bangladesh need to be mined sustainably and utilized for the benefit of the country.
2
Marcinkowski, Bogusław, and Elżbieta Mycielska-Dowgiałło. "Heavy-mineral analysis in Polish investigations of Quaternary deposits: a review." Geologos 19, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2013): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2013-0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The composition of heavy-mineral assemblages is one of the main textural features of sediments because they can have significant value for the interpretation of, among others, their depositional environment, their depositional processes, and their stratigraphic position. Distinctive features of heavy minerals include their resistance to chemical weathering and mechanical abrasion, their habit, and their density. These parameters are the most widely used in the heavy-mineral research of Quaternary deposits in Poland, as well as in such research in other countries conducted by Polish scientists. Several other heavy-mineral parameters can also be used in various types of interpretation. It is discussed whether heavy-mineral analysis is decisive in the evaluation of deposits or whether it plays mainly a role that may support evidence obtained by other types of analysis. The attention is mainly devoted to transparent heavy minerals; the significance of opaque heavy minerals for interpretational purposes is only mentioned.
3
Gartmair, Gisela, Milo Barham, and Christopher L. Kirkland. "Detrital Zircon Perspectives on Heavy Mineral Sand Systems, Eucla Basin, Australia." Economic Geology 117, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4871.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Southern Australia’s Cenozoic Eucla basin contains world-class strandline heavy mineral deposits. This study links detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and heavy mineral compositions from four mineral sand prospects, and a suite of published deposits, to bounding Archean to Neoproterozoic crustal areas. A variable number of distinct sediment sources is recorded from each prospect’s detrital zircon age spectrum. This variability in zircon ages, quantified using a Shannon-Weaver test, serves as a metric of source region heterogeneity. Greater zircon age heterogeneity correlates with heavy mineral enrichment. Enhanced heavy mineral yields reflect retention of resistate over labile minerals—a function of greater sediment transport, reworking, and upgrading processes that parallel those that result in detrital zircon age polymodality. In this case study, greater reworking in intermediate storage sites and transport by longshore processes, eastward along the ~1,000 km spanned by the study sites, corresponds to the direction of progressive heavy mineral enrichment identified in zircon ages and mineral compositions. This approach is a proxy for the duration minerals have spent in the sedimentary system and provides an important perspective for understanding heavy mineral sands.
4
Lünsdorf, Kalies, Ahlers, Dunkl, and von Eynatten. "Semi-Automated Heavy-Mineral Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy." Minerals 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070385.
Full textAbstract:
A significant amount of information on sedimentary provenance is encoded in the heavy minerals of a sediment or sedimentary rock. This information is commonly assessed by optically determining the heavy-mineral assemblage, potentially followed by geochemical and/or geochronological analysis of specific heavy minerals. The proposed method of semi-automated heavy-mineral analysis by Raman spectroscopy (Raman-HMA) aims to combine the objective mineral identification capabilities of Raman spectroscopy with high-resolution geochemical techniques applied to single grains. The Raman-HMA method is an efficient and precise tool that significantly improves the comparability of heavy-mineral data with respect to both overall assemblages and individual compositions within solid solution series. Furthermore, the efficiency of subsequent analysis is increased due to identification and spatial referencing of the heavy minerals in the sample slide. The method is tested on modern sediments of the Fulda river (central Germany) draining two Miocene volcanic sources (Vogelsberg, Rhön) resting on top of Lower Triassic siliciclastic sediments. The downstream evolution of the volcanic detritus is documented and the capability to analyze silt-sized grains has revealed an additional eolian source. This capability also poses the possibility of systematically assessing the heavy-mineral assemblages of shales, which are often disregarded in sedimentary provenance studies.
5
Garzanti, Eduardo, and Sergio Andò. "Heavy Minerals for Junior Woodchucks." Minerals 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030148.
Full textAbstract:
In the last two centuries, since the dawn of modern geology, heavy minerals have been used to investigate sediment provenance and for many other scientific or practical applications. Not always, however, with the correct approach. Difficulties are diverse, not just technical and related to the identification of tiny grains, but also procedural and conceptual. Even the definition of “heavy minerals” is elusive, and possibly impossible. Sampling is critical. In many environments (e.g., beaches), both absolute and relative heavy mineral abundances invariably increase or decrease locally to different degrees owing to hydraulic-sorting processes, so that samples close to "neutral composition" are hard to obtain. Several widely shared opinions are misleading. Choosing a narrow size-window for analysis leads to increased bias, not to increased accuracy or precision. Only point-counting provides real volume percentages, whereas grain-counting distorts results in favor of smaller minerals. This paper also briefly reviews the heavy mineral associations typically found in diverse plate-tectonic settings. A mineralogical assemblage, however, only reproduces the mineralogy of source rocks, which does not correlate univocally with the geodynamic setting in which those source rocks were formed and assembled. Moreover, it is affected by environmental bias, and by diagenetic bias on top in the case of ancient sandstones. One fruitful way to extract information on both provenance and sedimentological processes is to look for anomalies in mineralogical–textural relationships (e.g., denser minerals bigger than lower-density minerals; harder minerals better rounded than softer minerals; less durable minerals increasing with stratal age and stratigraphic depth). To minimize mistakes, it is necessary to invariably combine heavy mineral investigations with the petrographic analysis of bulk sand. Analysis of thin sections allows us to see also those source rocks that do not shed significant amounts of heavy minerals, such as limestone or granite, and helps us to assess heavy mineral concentration, the “outer” message carrying the key to decipher the “inner message” contained in the heavy mineral suite. The task becomes thorny indeed when dealing with samples with strong diagenetic overprint, which is, unfortunately, the case of most ancient sandstones. Diagenesis is the Moloch that devours all grains that are not chemically resistant, leaving a meager residue difficult or even impossible to interpret when diagenetic effects accumulate through multiple sedimentary cycles. We have conceived this friendly little handbook to help the student facing these problems, hoping that it may serve the purpose.
6
Cascalho, João, Pedro J. M. Costa, Guy Gelfenbaum, Seanpaul La Selle, and Bruce Jaffe. "Selective sediment transport during Hurricane Sandy on Fire Island (New York, USA): Inferences from heavy-mineral assemblages." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused severe erosion on beaches and dunes of Fire Island (New York, USA). Major shoreline changes occurred with erosional dominance in the upper shoreline and aggradation in the lowermost section of the beach due to the deposition of eroded upper-beach and dune sediment. Sand laminae with a high concentration of heavy minerals (“black sand laminae”) were observed in three excavated trenches located on a washover terrace and fan on the east side of Fire Island. The mineral composition of these laminae reveals the presence of high quantities of magnetite, ilmenite (as opaque minerals), and garnet (as the main translucent mineral). These heavy-mineral-enriched laminae were formed as waves eroded and transported sand from the primary dune and smaller relict dunes under specific hydrodynamic conditions that promoted grain sorting according to differences in size and specific gravity. Based on the concentrations of certain heavy minerals, the threshold for primarily density-driven sorting probably lies between the specific gravity of less dense opaque mineral (ilmenite, 4.7) and almandine (4.3), the most common transparent heavy mineral. The number of laminae and concentrations of heavy minerals vary between trenches on the overwash terrace and appear to be controlled by their distance from sediment sources. The trench with the greatest number of laminae and higher heavy-mineral concentrations is located farthest from the main dune but is just 10 m inland of a relict dune that acts as the primary source of sediment of the washover deposit in this trench. A conceptual model for deposition of heavy-mineral layers is presented based on geomorphological and sedimentological evidence allowing the definition of a density threshold.
7
Sun, Lei, Yuanyun Xie, Chunguo Kang, Yunping Chi, Peng Wu, Zhenyu Wei, Siqi Li, Qian Zhao, and Shuo Liu. "The composition of heavy minerals of the sandy lands, Northeast China and their implications for tracing detrital sources." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): e0276494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276494.
Full textAbstract:
Comprehending heavy mineral composition of the sandy land in Northeast China (NESL) is of great significance for interpreting generation, pathways, source and geochemistry of sediments in this area. To this end, the fine-grained (<63 μm) aeolian-fluvial sediments and loess deposits, which were taken from the Onqin Daga Sandy Land, the Horqin Sandy Land, the Hulun Buir Sandy Land and the Songnen Sandy Land, and from the downwind loess section (L1), respectively, were analyzed to construct the heavy mineral data set of NESL source and sink and to evaluate feasibility of the heavy mineral method in tracing the source of aeolian dust in Northeast China. Additionally, the <63 μm, 63–125 μm and 125–250 μm fractions of the fluvial sands from the different Balan River reaches having a same source, were analyzed to valuate the impact of the river transport-sedimentation process on the heavy mineral composition. The results show that the NESL shows moderate similarities in the heavy mineral composition, with ilmenite, epidote, zircon and amphibole as the primary minerals. In the source-to-sink system in the NESL, limited by sedimentary differentiation, post-deposition alteration and similar source material composition, the heavy mineral composition of the loess and that of sandy-land sources does not well correlate, indicating single heavy mineral method is incapable of unequivocally detecting loess sources when not considering the physical geographical conditions. The sediments in the different Balan River reaches show clear diversities and grain-size dependency in heavy minerals composition, indicating the river transport-deposition processes exert a clear control on the heavy-mineral composition in the sediment downstream. Both a wide grain-size window and more numbers of samples are needed to obtain a complete heavy-mineral picture in the source area.
8
Kim, Hyesu, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Yongsik Jeong, and Jieun Kim. "Variations in Spectral Signals of Heavy Metal Contamination in Mine Soils Controlled by Mineral Assemblages." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203273.
Full textAbstract:
This paper illustrates a spectroscopic analysis of heavy metal concentration in mine soils with the consideration of mineral assemblages originated by weathering and mineralization processes. The mine soils were classified into two groups based on the mineral composition: silicate clay mineral group (Group A) and silicate–carbonate–skarn–clay mineral group (Group B). Both soil groups are contaminated with Cu, Zn, As, and Pb, while the contamination level was higher for Group A. The two groups exhibit different geochemical behaviors with different heavy metal contamination. The spectral variation associated with heavy metal was highly correlated with absorption features of clay and iron oxide minerals for Group A, and the absorption features of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals for Group B. It indicates that the geochemical adsorption of heavy metal elements mainly occurs with clay minerals and iron oxides from weathering, and of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals from mineralization. Therefore, soils from different secondary mineral production processes should be analyzed with different spectral models. We constructed spectral models for predicting Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in soil group A and Zn and Pb in soil group B using corresponding absorptions. Both models were statistically significant with sufficient accuracy.
9
Spark, K. M., J. D. Wells, and B. B. Johnson. "Sorption of heavy metals by mineral-humic acid substrates." Soil Research 35, no. 1 (1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96010.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of humic acid on the sorption of metals by minerals was studied inrelation to the separate interactions of the humic acid with the minerals, thehumic acid with the metals, and the metals with the minerals. Sorption of themetals in combined mineral–humic acid systems can be explained in termsof generalised sorption reactions.Sorption of the metals in mineral–humic acid systems is dependent onsorption of humic acid by the mineral and on the solubility of themetal–humic acid complex. Sorption is enhanced in the combined systemsfor the minerals goethite and silica due to secondary reactions in whichmetal–humic acid complexes are adsorbed by the minerals. Sorption of themetal–humic acid complex in the combined systems for α-alumina and kaolinite is not enhanced, possibly due to competing reactions associated withthe sorption of the humic acid by these minerals.
10
Setiady, Deny, and Noor C. D. Aryanto. "HEAVY MINERALS IN PLACER DEPOSIT IN SINGKAWANG WATERS, WEST Kalimantan, RELATED TO FELSIC SOURCE ROCK OF ITS COASTAL AREA." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 25, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.25.1.2010.21.
Full textAbstract:
Placer deposits are physically accumulated by fluvial and marine processes in coastal area. Thirty six samples were selected from seventy seven samples of seafloor sediment of Singkawang waters. Those samples have been analyzed microscopically for heavy mineral contents. Based on this analysis, the heavy minerals can be divided into four groups: oxyde and hydroxyde, silicate, sulphide, and carbonate. The source of most heavy minerals in the study area is commonly formed by Felsic igneous rock and finally deposited on the seafloor sediments.
Keywords: heavy minerals, placer deposit, felsic igneous rock, Singkawang
Endapan letakan secara fisik umumnya terakumulasi oleh proses sungai dan laut. Sebanyak 36 contoh dipilih dari 77 contoh sedimen permukaan dasar laut di Perairan Singkawang. Contoh tersebut telah dilakukan analisis kandungan mineral berat secara mikroskopis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis mineral berat ini dapat dibedakan menjadi empat kelompok yaitu oksida dan hidroksida, silikat, sulfida, dan karbonat. Sebagian besar sumber mineral berat di daerah penelitian pada umumnya berasal dari batuan beku felsik yang akhirnya diendapkan di permukaan dasar laut.
Kata kunci: mineral berat, endapan letakan, batuan beku felsik, Singkawang.
11
König, Uwe, and Sabine M. C. Verryn. "Heavy Mineral Sands Mining and Downstream Processing: Value of Mineralogical Monitoring Using XRD." Minerals 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111253.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy mineral sands are the source of various commodities such as white titanium dioxide pigment and titanium metal. The three case studies in this paper show the value of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and statistical methods such as data clustering for process optimization and quality control during heavy mineral processing. The potential of XRD as an automatable, reliable tool, useful in the characterization of heavy mineral concentrates, product streams and titania slag is demonstrated. The recent development of ultra-high-speed X-ray detectors and automated quantification allows for ‘on the fly’ quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and truly interactive process control, especially in the sector of heavy mineral concentration and processing. Apart from the information about the composition of a raw ore, heavy mineral concentrate and the various product streams or titania slag, this paper provides useful information by the quantitative determination of the crystalline phases and the amorphous content. The analysis of the phases can help to optimize the concentration of ores and reduction of ilmenite concentrate. Traditionally, quality control of heavy mineral concentrates and titania slag relies mainly on elemental, chemical, gravimetrical, and magnetic analysis. Since the efficiency of concentration of minerals in the different product streams and reduction depends on the content of the different minerals, and for the latter on the titanium and iron phases such as ilmenite FeTiO3, rutile TiO2, anatase TiO2, or the various titanium oxides with different oxidation stages, fast and direct analysis of the phases is required.
12
He, Miao, Liwei Zhang, Jianxin Yao, Shuai Li, and Qi Li. "Heavy Mineral Characteristics and Their Implication for Provenance of the Middle to Upper Triassic on the Northwest Margin of Junggar Basin, North China." Earth Science Research 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v6n2p65.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy minerals are extremely sensitive indicators of provenance. Applying the methods of heavy mineral combination analysis, content distribution analysis, SPSS statistical component analysis, and correlation analysis, 18 heavy minerals are identified in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin (NW Junggar). According to the analysis of the heavy mineral characteristics and coefficients, 4 heavy mineral combinations are developed in the study area: Zircon-tourmaline-monazite-apatite-anatase, rutile-ilmenite-leucoxene-apatite-galenite, hematite-limonite-pyrite, and magnetite-epidote-hornblende. Previous results predicted that source rocks consist of intermediate-acidic magmatite, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks, and intermediate-acidic magmatite is considered to be the main source rock. Furthermore, combined with the geological background of NW Junggar, Qier-Halaalat Mountain, which belongs to the Zaire Mountain front, is shown to be the provenance of the study area. The main sources of sediments are flesh-red granite, grey and greyish-green andesite, andesitic-porphyrite, grey and grayish-black tuff, siltstone, and sandstone of the Lower Carboniferous Tailegula Formation. Additionally, because of the high content of the angular-subangular and subangular-subrounded heavy mineral grains, these heavy minerals are both from near and distal provenance, with most being near-provenance deposits. During the process of provenance propulsion on the margin of the basin, clastics are mixed together and affected by regional dynamic metamorphism, which is probably the main reason for the existence of the metamorphic component.
13
Liu, Y. Y., M. Ukita, T. Imai, and T. Higuchi. "Recycling mineral nutrients to farmland via compost application." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.044.
Full textAbstract:
Increased cultivation of farmland has resulted in nutrient deficiency and consequently fertility degradation of soils. This research examined the application of composted wastes in terms of the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling plant essential minerals. Minerals in composts (derived from sewage sludge, livestock excrement, and municipal solid wastes, respectively) and in amended soils were observed. Ca/Mg ratios in amended soils and the effect of compost applications (mineral nutrients and heavy metals) on plant uptake were also studied. Results showed that composts, especially those made from sewage sludge and livestock excrement, were richer in mineral nutrients but also contained more heavy metals than untreated soil. The increase in some elements and plant-growth-essential Ca/Mg ratios were found in amended farmlands, implying that compost applications have made up for the nutrient deficiency and have adjusted chemical conditions of the soil. The soil contamination from heavy metals was noticeable. However, some results showed that the large existence of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in soils has caused no significant increase in the plant uptake of elements. The controlled composting process and farmland uses are believed necessary for reducing the heavy metal accumulation in agricultural plants.
14
Makvandi, Sheida, Philippe Pagé, Jonathan Tremblay, and Réjean Girard. "Exploration for Platinum-Group Minerals in Till: A New Approach to the Recovery, Counting, Mineral Identification and Chemical Characterization." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030264.
Full textAbstract:
The discovery of new mineral deposits contributes to the sustainable mineral industrial development, which is essential to satisfy global resource demands. The exploration for new mineral resources is challenging in Canada since its vast lands are mostly covered by a thick layer of Quaternary sediments that obscure bedrock geology. In the course of the recent decades, indicator minerals recovered from till heavy mineral concentrates have been effectively used to prospect for a broad range of mineral deposits including diamond, gold, and base metals. However, these methods traditionally focus on (visual) investigation of the 0.25–2.0 mm grain-size fraction of unconsolidated sediments, whilst our observations emphasize on higher abundance, or sometimes unique occurrence of precious metal (Au, Ag, and platinum-group elements) minerals in the finer-grained fractions (<0.25 mm). This study aims to present the advantages of applying a mineral detection routine initially developed for gold grains counting and characterization, to platinum-group minerals in <50 µm till heavy mineral concentrates. This technique, which uses an automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, can provide quantitative mineralogical and semi-quantitative chemical data of heavy minerals of interest, simultaneously. This work presents the mineralogical and chemical characteristics, the grain size distribution, and the surface textures of 2664 discrete platinum-group mineral grains recovered from the processing of 5194 glacial sediment samples collected from different zones in the Canadian Shield (mostly Quebec and Ontario provinces). Fifty-eight different platinum-group mineral species have been identified to date, among which sperrylite (PtAs2) is by far the most abundant (n = 1488; 55.86%). Textural and mineral-chemical data suggest that detrital platinum-group minerals in the studied samples have been derived, at least in part, from Au-rich ore systems.
15
Rahman, MA, MN Zaman, PK Biswas, S. Sultana, and PK Nandy. "Physical separation for upgradation of valuable minerals: a study on sands of the Someswari river." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v50i1.23810.
Full textAbstract:
The study is carried out to develop a physical separation method for upgradation of valuable minerals from sands of the Someswari River. Understanding the morphology and mineralogy of the heavy minerals may allow development of processing methods that produce the higher grade products. For this purpose, grain size analysis, microscopic, spectroscopic study and feasibility of physical separation by shaking table, electrostatic plate separator and induced roll magnetic separator have been done. Considering the huge quantity of sandy materials of the studied river sands and separation of heavy minerals magnetite, ilmenite and garnet from the bulk sands and further treatment of the light mineral quartz to remove iron coating could be use as glass-sands; either the light mineral quartz or heavy minerals will be the main product. From the overall study by physical separation method, the Someswari River is identified as potential resources for mineral processing.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 53-58, 2015
16
Silveira, Vitor E. P., Natália B. dos Santos, Daniel R. Franco, Emanuele F. la Terra, Joshua M. Feinberg, R. B. Scorzelli, Magda B. Fontes, et al. "Environmental magnetism evidence for longshore drift distribution of Fe-bearing phases: An example from the Brazilian southeastern coastal region." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.089.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The accumulation of heavy minerals along a part of the southeastern Brazilian coast (northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) provides insight into sedimentary provenance and transport by longshore drift. In particular, recent work has focused on heavy minerals as tracers to determine sedimentary sources and transport pathways, indicating a mineral distribution according to the northward and southward coastal transport cells. There is also evidence of heavy-mineral transport by the Paraíba do Sul River. However, research has not been done in this area on the opaque fraction (iron oxides and oxyhydroxides), which are good tracers for provenance and distribution processes. Here we intend to: 1) characterize the spatial variation of the magnetic properties of heavy-mineral contents throughout a coastal area of the Itabapoana and Paraíba do Sul River mouths (state of Rio de Janeiro), 2) evaluate the contribution of coastal dynamics on the mineral distribution along this coastal area, 3) provide contributions on the provenance of iron-bearing minerals. Results indicate that a bimodal pattern was observed for the magnetic remanence of magnetite and hematite near the Paraíba do Sul River. For the northernmost section, goethite exhibits a gradual increase in concentration towards the central part of the study area. Additionally, higher heavy-mineral content is observed at the northern coastal section, which may be related to coastal morphology, which is exposed to high-energy beach processes. It is possible to verify three sampling groups in accordance with their magnetic properties: 1) the “southernmost” and 2) the “northernmost” groups, suggesting a mineral provenance related to the Paraíba do Sul and Itabapoana rivers, respectively, as possible major sources, and 3) another at the intermediate section of the area, possibly linked to the erosion of the Barreiras Formation bluffs. Results also show a correspondence between the variability of magnetic parameters and the main directions of the coastal transport cells.
17
Ali, Abbas, Safaa Jassim, and Zaid Aladeen. "The Role of Heavy Minerals in Understanding the Provenance of Sandstone: An Example from the Upper Cretaceous Tanjero Formation, Surdash Region, Northeastern Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 1E (May 31, 2022): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.1e.9ms-2022-05-25.
Full textAbstract:
The Tanjero Formation is the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) crops out in northeastern Iraq at the High-Folded and Imbricate Zones. To study heavy minerals, twenty sandstone samples were obtained from selected sites of the Tanjero Formation exposed at the southwestern limb of the Surdash anticline in the northeast part of Sulaimanyia city. The analyzed data indicates that the most abundant heavy minerals are opaque, followed by pyroxene, epidote, amphibole, chlorite, rutile, and garnet. The significant abundance of unstable and metastable minerals in the heavy mineral suites shows their direct derivation from the adjacent main basic igneous and metamorphic source rocks, which are situated in the High-Folded and Imbricate Zones in the northern and northeastern parts of Iraq. The estimated zircon-tourmaline-rutile index reveals that the majority of the sandstone samples have less than 75% zircon-tourmaline-rutile index, indicating that the sediments are generally immature. Furthermore, the relationship between an ultra-stable and a meta-stable heavy mineral indicated the immaturity of the Tanjero Formation sandstone and its moderate stability, proving that these minerals cannot be transported over extremely long distances close to the source rocks area. The heavy mineral assemblage demonstrated that the studied area is distinguished by high tectonic activity. In addition, according to the MF- MT-GM ternary diagram, the analyzed sandstone samples lie within the active continental margins field, which is distinguished by a higher percentage of MF minerals than GM minerals generated from mafic magmatic source rocks.
18
Layton-Matthews, Daniel, and M. Beth McClenaghan. "Current Techniques and Applications of Mineral Chemistry to Mineral Exploration; Examples from Glaciated Terrain: A Review." Minerals 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010059.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a summary of traditional, current, and developing exploration techniques using indicator minerals derived from glacial sediments, with a focus on Canadian case studies. The 0.25 to 2.0 mm fraction of heavy mineral concentrates (HMC) from surficial sediments is typically used for indicator mineral surveys, with the finer (0.25–0.50 mm) fraction used as the default grain size for heavy mineral concentrate studies due to the ease of concentration and separation and subsequent mineralogical identification. Similarly, commonly used indicator minerals (e.g., Kimberlite Indicator Minerals—KIMs) are well known because of ease of optical identification and their ability to survive glacial transport. Herein, we review the last 15 years of the rapidly growing application of Automated Mineralogy (e.g., MLA, QEMSCAN, TIMA, etc) to indicator mineral studies of several ore deposit types, including Ni-Cu-PGE, Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides, and a variety of porphyry systems and glacial sediments down ice of these deposits. These studies have expanded the indicator mineral species that can be applied to mineral exploration and decreased the size of the grains examined down to ~10 microns. Chemical and isotopic fertility indexes developed for bedrock can now be applied to indicator mineral grains in glacial sediments and these methods will influence the next generation of indicator mineral studies.
19
Jin, Bingfu, Mengyao Wang, Wei Yue, Lina Zhang, and Yanjun Wang. "Heavy Mineral Variability in the Yellow River Sediments as Determined by the Multiple-Window Strategy." Minerals 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020085.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, heavy mineral analysis was carried out in different size fractions of the Yellow River sediment to extract its end-members. It shows that heavy mineral contents, species, and compositions vary in different grain sizes. Distribution curve of heavy mineral concentration (HMC) and particle size frequency curve are in normal distribution. In most samples, the size fraction of 4.5–5.0 Φ contains the maximum HMC (18% on average). Heavy mineral assemblages of the Yellow River are featured by amphibole + epidote + limonite + garnet. Amphibole content is high in coarse fraction of >3.0 Φ and reaches its peak value in 3.5–4.5 Φ. Epidote is rich in a size fraction of >3.5 Φ, and increase as the particle size becomes fine. Micas content is high in coarse subsamples of <3.0 Φ, but almost absent in fine grains of >4.0 Φ. Metallic minerals (magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, and limonite) increase as the sediment particle size become fine, and reach the peak in silt (>4.0 Φ). Other minerals such as zircon, rutile, tourmaline, garnet, and apatite account for about 15%, and mainly concentrate in fine sediment. Further analysis reveals that similarity value between the most abundant grain size group and wide window grain size group is high (0.978 on average). The grain size of 4.0–5.0 Φ ± 0.5 Φ is suitable to carry out detrital mineral analysis in the Yellow River sediments. Our study helps to eliminate cognitive bias due to narrow grain size strategy, and to provide heavy mineral end-members of the Yellow River sediment for provenance discrimination in the marginal seas of East China.
20
Zhu, Bowen, and Zhigang Zeng. "Heavy Mineral Compositions of Sediments in the Southern Okinawa Trough and Their Provenance-Tracing Implication." Minerals 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111191.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy mineral assemblages have been widely used to effectively trace sediment sources. Heavy mineral assemblages are rarely used in research to trace sediment sources in the southern Okinawa Trough compared with geochemical proxies. In this study, the TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA) revealed the full-size heavy mineral assemblages in the five layers of the core sediment H4-S2 in the southern Okinawa Trough. During the past 700 years, the heavy mineral assemblages in the sediments of the southern Okinawa Trough were very similar to the East China Sea shelf/Yangtze River, mainly composed of mica and chlorite; dolomite; actinolite; and hematite/magnetite. The grain size distribution of heavy minerals is in the clay–sand range and mainly in silt. Actinolite and hornblende can indicate the supply of sediments from the East China Sea shelf/Yangtze River to the southern Okinawa Trough. Due to their complex sources, pyrite, epidote, and hematite/magnetite are not adequate indicators for distinguishing between the different provenance areas. Because previous studies have used a variety of analytical methods, especially using heavy liquids with different densities, dolomite cannot be used as a marker for sediments on the Yangtze River/East China Sea shelf. Therefore, the East China Sea shelf/Yangtze River is a vital provenance of sediments from the southern Okinawa Trough since the late Holocene period.
21
Mohammad, Ali, and E. N. Dhanamjayarao. "THE IMPACT OF SEASONAL CHANGES ON HEAVY MINERALS CONCENTRATION FROM A PART OF EAST COAST OF INDIA." MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 5, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2021.12.21.
Full textAbstract:
Pre and post monsoonal changes in the environment have led to a noticeable variation in sediment characteristics, heavy mineral concentrations and their distribution. The current study aimed to find out the effect of seasonal fluctuations on the concentration of heavy minerals along the coast and the variations in sediment textures and distribution. The study has revealed the effect of seasons on the sediments supply and its distribution along coast in the study area. The total heavy minerals concentrations are more in post monsoon than in pre monsoon and the concentration also increases from south to north in parts of the study area because of seasonal circulation of currents from south to north along the shore. The micro textural study of the heavy mineral grains from different locations in the study area revealed the mechanical and chemical erosions on the grain surfaces.
22
Gonçalves, Caroline, and Paulo Braga. "Heavy Mineral Sands in Brazil: Deposits, Characteristics, and Extraction Potential of Selected Areas." Minerals 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030176.
Full textAbstract:
In Brazil, heavy mineral sand deposits are still barely exploited, despite some references to Brazilian reserves and ilmenite concentrate production. The goal of this project is to characterize and investigate the potential recovery of heavy minerals from selected Brazilian placer occurrences. Two areas of the coastal region were chosen, in Piaui state and in Bahia Provinces. In all samples, the heavy minerals of interest (ilmenite, monazite, rutile, and zircon) were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and also quantified by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The total heavy minerals (THM) in the Piaui samples were 6.45% and 10.14% THM, while the figure for the Bahia sample was 3.4% THM. The recovery test of the Bahia sample, using only physical separation equipment such as a shaking table and magnetic separator, showed valuable metallurgical recoveries at around or greater than 70% for each stage, and the final concentrate of pure ilmenite was composed of up to 60.0% titanium dioxide after the differential magnetic separation. Another aim is to compile accessible information about Brazilian heavy mineral main deposits complemented with a short economic overview.
23
Wang, Feng, Nian Qiao Fang, Bing Fu Jin, Tian Tian Cai, Lu Zhao, and Peng Fei Shen. "Analysis of Sedimentary Environments and Silt Transport Beidai River." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1445.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of the study of sediment types and dynamic partition zones of heavy minerals assemblage, silt transport tendency in Beidai River coastal sediment are discussed. According to the outcome of analysis of 47 samples of the heavy minerals in Beidai River coastal sediment, it is shown that: (1) there are three heavy minerals epidote, amphibole and iron that were rich in mineral content; (2) light and heavy mineral separation was better, the distribution of which showed a clear saddle shape, and two kinds of high minerals and low showed a pattern of alternate distribution; (3) the general trend of silt transport in Nandai River estuary mouth to the ocean is from southwest to northeast, but on the root of the land to the sea in Beidai River District, the direction of silt transport is from the root to the two wings extending.his template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
24
Kang, Ningxin, Weichuang Zhou, Zheng Qi, Yuhan Li, Zhi Wang, Qin Li, and Kangle Lv. "Recent Progress of Natural Mineral Materials in Environmental Remediation." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 4, 2022): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12090996.
Full textAbstract:
Organic contaminants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals have posed long-term threats to the ecosystem and human health. Natural minerals have aroused widespread interest in the field of environmental remediation due to their unique characteristics such as rich resources, environmentally benign, and excellent photoelectric properties. This review briefly introduced the contributions of natural minerals such as sulfide minerals, oxide minerals, and oxysalt minerals in pollution control, which include organic pollution degradation, sterilization, air purification (NO VOCs oxidation), and heavy metal treatment by means of photocatalysis, Fenton catalysis, persulfate activation, and adsorption process. At last, the future challenges of natural mineral materials in pollution control are also outlooked.
25
Caritat, Patrice de, Brent I. A. McInnes, Alexander T. Walker, Evgeniy Bastrakov, Stephen M. Rowins, and Alexander M. Prent. "The Heavy Mineral Map of Australia: Vision and Pilot Project." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080961.
Full textAbstract:
We describe a vision for a national-scale heavy mineral (HM) map generated through automated mineralogical identification and quantification of HMs contained in floodplain sediments from large catchments covering most of Australia. The composition of the sediments reflects the dominant rock types in each catchment, with the generally resistant HMs largely preserving the mineralogical fingerprint of their host protoliths through the weathering-transport-deposition cycle. Heavy mineral presence/absence, absolute and relative abundance, and co-occurrence are metrics useful to map, discover and interpret catchment lithotype(s), geodynamic setting, magmatism, metamorphic grade, alteration and/or mineralization. Underpinning this vision is a pilot project, focusing on a subset from the national sediment sample archive, which is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the larger, national-scale project. We preview a bespoke, cloud-based mineral network analysis (MNA) tool to visualize, explore and discover relationships between HMs as well as between them and geological settings or mineral deposits. We envisage that the Heavy Mineral Map of Australia and MNA tool will contribute significantly to mineral prospectivity analysis and modeling, particularly for technology critical elements and their host minerals, which are central to the global economy transitioning to a more sustainable, lower carbon energy model.
26
Lugra, I. Wayan. "HEAVY MINERAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA FLOOR SURFICIAL SEDIMENT AT EAST BALI WATERS, BALI PROVINCE." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 26, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.26.2.2011.38.
Full textAbstract:
Analyses result of the heavy minerals that was took from beach sediments and sea floor surficial sediments was founded ten heavy minerals namely hematite, magnetite, limonite and rutile from oxide and hydroxide group, pyroxene, amphibol and zircon from silicate group, biotit from mica group, barite from sulfide group and dolomite from carbonate group. From 10 minerals identified, only magnetit distributes in the whole area, with the highest percentage of 34,15% in the sea and 35,14 % on beaches. Other heavy minerals distribute locally with the percentage of less than 0,01 %. Grain size analyses result of sea floor surficial sediment had identified six units sediment such as sand, sand with few gravel, sandy gravel, gravely sand, gravel and reef. Distribution area of the six units sediment as follows sand and sandy gravel are occupied 25 % respectively of the study area, reef 20%, sand 15 %, gravel 10 % and gravely sand occupied 5%. The best sediment for making art goods is sand sizes which is rich of heavy minerals such as magnetite, hematitre, limonite, zircon, pyroxene and amphibol. If will be exploited of the sand sediment on beach or sea floor surficial sediment, should be considering of the environment sustainable.
Keyword: grain size analyses, heavy mineral, seafloor surficial sediment, besach sediment, Karang Asem
Hasil analisis mineral berat dari sedimen pantai dan permukaan dasar laut dijumpai sepuluh jenis mineral berat yaitu magnetit, hematit, limonit, rutil dari kelompok oksida & hidroksida, piroksen, ampibol, sirkon dari kelompok silikat, biotit dari kelompok mika, barit dari kelompok sulfida dan dolomit dari kelompok karbonat. Dari sepuluh jenis mineral berat yang teridentifikasi hanya magnetit yang sebarannya merata di seluruh daerah penyelidikan baik di laut maupun di pantai dengan persentase tertinggi 34,15 % di laut dan 35,14% di pantai, sedangkan sembilan mineral lainnya sebarannya tidak merata atau setempat-setempat dengan persentase umumnya di bawah 0,01 %. Hasil analisis besar butir sedimen permukaan dasar laut dapat di bedakan menjadi 6 satuan yaitu pasir, pasir sedikit krikilan, pasir krikilan, krikil pasiran, krikil dan terumbu karang. Luas sebaran ke enam jenis sedimen tersebut terhadap luas daerah penelitian adalah pasir sedikit krikilan menempati 25%, pasir krikilan 25%, terumbu karang 20%, pasir 15%, krikil 10% dan menempati pasir krikilan 5%. Jenis sedimen yang baik untuk pembuatan benda seni adalah sedimen berukuran pasir dengan kandungan mineral berat yang tinggi seperti magnetit, hematit, limonit, sirkon, piroksen, dan ampibol. Bila akan dilakukan eksploitasi terhadap sedimen jenis pasir baik di laut maupun di pantai, harus memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan.
Kata kunci: analisis besar butir, mineral berat, sedimen permukaan dasar laut, sedimen pantai, Karang Asem
27
Anenburg, Michael. "Rare earth mineral diversity controlled by REE pattern shapes." Mineralogical Magazine 84, no. 5 (September 11, 2020): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2020.70.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe line connecting rare earth elements (REE) in chondrite-normalised plots can be represented by a smooth polynomial function using λ shape coefficients as described by O'Neill (2016). In this study, computationally generated λ combinations are used to construct artificial chondrite-normalised REE patterns that encompass most REE patterns likely to occur in natural materials. The dominant REE per pattern is identified, which would lead to its inclusion in a hypothetical mineral suffix, had this mineral contained essential REE. Furthermore, negative Ce and Y anomalies, common in natural minerals, are considered in the modelled REE patterns to investigate the effect of their exclusion on the relative abundance of the remainder REE. The dominant REE in a mineral results from distinct pattern shapes requiring specific fractionation processes, thus providing information on its genesis. Minerals dominated by heavy lanthanides are rare or non-existent, even though the present analysis shows that REE patterns dominated by Gd, Dy, Er and Yb are geologically plausible. This discrepancy is caused by the inclusion of Y, which dominates heavy REE budgets, in mineral name suffixes. The focus on Y obscures heavy lanthanide mineral diversity and can lead to various fractionation processes to be overlooked. Samarium dominant minerals are known, even though deemed unlikely by the computational model, suggesting additional fractionation processes that are not well described by λ shape coefficients. Positive Eu anomalies only need to be moderate in minerals depleted in the light REE for Eu to be the dominant REE, thus identifying candidate rocks in which the first Eu dominant mineral might be found. Here, I present an online tool, called ALambdaR that allows interactive control of λ shape coefficients and visualisation of resulting REE patterns.
28
CORRÊA, IRAN CARLOS STALLIVIERE, RICARDO NORBERTO AYUP ZOUAIN, JAIR WESCHENFELDER, and LUIZ JOSÉ TOMAZELLI. "Áreas Fontes dos Minerais Pesados e sua Distribuição sobre a Plataforma Continental Sul-brasileira, Uruguaia e Norte-argentina." Pesquisas em Geociências 35, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.17899.
Full textAbstract:
The heavy mineral fraction of sedimentary rocks and sediments can provide important information about provenance in sedimentary basins studies because some minerals or group of minerals can be traced to a source rock or terrain of specific composition. This work is a provenance study based on heavy mineral analyses of samples collected on the Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil), Uruguay and north of Argentine continental shelf (between 29º30´ and 37º 30´ south latitude and 48º 30´ and 56º 30´ west longitude). The fine and very fine sand fractions (2-4 Φ) were selected for heavy mineral analysis employing bromoform (S.G.= 2.65). The quantitative analysis was made using a microscope for the mineral identification and the counting of 300 grains from each sample, in a total of 106 samples. Multivariate data analysis was applied for mineralogical analysis, principally the RQmode vector. Four principal assemblages were defined applying this technique revealing the main source as well as the dispersal patterns for the sediments. The first component was dominated by augite indicating a panpean-patagonic source. The second component was dominated by hornblende and hypersthene minerals, indicating a provenance from Precambrian terrains with basaltic influence. The third component was marked by the dominance of tourmaline, staurolite, epidote and kyanite reflecting a source from the Precambrian metamorphic terrains. Finally, the four components with apatite, zircon and sillimanite minerals were dispersed by the Rio de La Plata system.
29
Andò, Sergio. "Gravimetric Separation of Heavy Minerals in Sediments and Rocks." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030273.
Full textAbstract:
The potential of heavy minerals studies in provenance analysis can be enhanced conspicuously by using a state-of-the-art protocol for sample preparation in the laboratory, which represents the first fundamental step of any geological research. The classical method of gravimetric separation is based on the properties of detrital minerals, principally their grain size and density, and its efficiency depends on the procedure followed and on the technical skills of the operator. Heavy-mineral studies in the past have been traditionally focused on the sand fraction, generally choosing a narrow grain-size window for analysis, an approach that is bound to introduce a serious bias by neglecting a large, and sometimes very large, part of the heavy-mineral spectrum present in the sample. In order to minimize bias, not only the largest possible size range in each sample should be considered, but also, the same quantitative analytical methods should be applied to the largest possible grain-size range occurring in the sediment system down to 5 μm or less, thus including suspended load in rivers, loess deposits, and shallow to deep-marine muds. Wherever the bulk sample cannot be used for practical reasons, we need to routinely analyze the medium silt to medium sand range (15–500 μm) for sand and the fine silt to sand range (5–63 or > 63 μm) for silt. This article is conceived as a practical handbook dedicated specifically to Master and PhD students at the beginning of their heavy-mineral apprenticeship, as to more expert operators from the industry and academy to help improving the quality of heavy-mineral separation for any possible field of application.
30
Cascalho, João. "Provenance of Heavy Minerals: A Case Study from the WNW Portuguese Continental Margin." Minerals 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060355.
Full textAbstract:
This work describes and interprets the presence of heavy minerals in the WNW Portuguese continental margin using a set of 78 bottom samples collected from three distinct areas of this margin: the Porto, Aveiro, and Nazaré canyon head areas. The main transparent heavy mineral assemblage (mineral grains with frequencies ≥1% identified under a petrographic microscope) is composed of amphibole, andalusite, tourmaline, biotite, garnet, staurolite, pyroxene, zircon, and apatite. The felsic igneous and metamorphic rock outcrops in the main Northern Portuguese river basins and the relict sedimentary continental shelf deposits explained the presence of most of these mineral grains (both considered as distal sources). However, the presence of pargasite, augite, diopside-hedenbergite, enstatite-ferrosilite, and forsterite in the Porto and Aveiro areas (minerals identified by electronic microprobe analysis) is probably related to the presence of an igneous basic source next to dolomitic limestones affected by thermal metamorphism. These geological formations are considered as local sources. The high concentration of biotite observed in the Nazaré area is the result of the selective transport of the most lamellar sand particles of this mineral.
31
Routray, Sunita, Ranjita Swain, and Rudra Narayan Mohapatro. "Studies on Recovery of Industrial Heavy Minerals from Lean Deposits of Brahmagiri Coast of Odisha, India." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.532.
Full textAbstract:
In countries like Australia and South Africa, even less than 2% grade THM samples are being mined and processed for recovery of heavy minerals. In this paper, an attempt has been made to recover heavies from lean deposits of Brahmagiri coast of India. The Brahamagiri coast contains substantial amount of heavy minerals. Still at some locations of this coast, the heavy mineral deposit is very low. The present paper deals with the recovery of values from these lean deposits. Initially, a composite sample was prepared from samples containing less than 3 % heavy minerals. The composite sample is subjected to spiral concentrator in stages to recover total heavy minerals. The results of the investigation reveal that 12 stages of spiral concentrator are essential to recover a concentrate of 90.3% grade, 1.95% yield and 99 % recovery from a composite sample containing 2.9 % heavy minerals.
32
Coll, Xavier, David Gómez-Gras, Marta Roigé, Antonio Teixell, Salva Boya, and Narcís Mestres. "Heavy-mineral provenance signatures during the infill and uplift of a foreland basin: An example from the Jaca basin (southern Pyrenees, Spain)." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 1747–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.084.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In the Jaca foreland basin (southern Pyrenees), two main sediment routing systems merge from the late Eocene to the early Miocene, providing an excellent example of interaction of different source areas with distinct petrographic signatures. An axially drained fluvial system, with its source area located in the eastern Central Pyrenees, is progressively replaced by a transverse-drained system that leads to the recycling of the older turbiditic foredeep. Aiming to provide new insights into the source-area evolution of the Jaca foreland basin, we provide new data on heavy-mineral suites, from the turbiditic underfilled stage to the youngest alluvial-fan systems of the Jaca basin, and integrate the heavy-mineral signatures with available sandstone petrography. Our results show a dominance of the ultrastable Ap-Zrn-Tur-Rt assemblage through the entire basin evolution. However, a late alluvial sedimentation stage brings an increase in other more unstable heavy minerals, pointing to specific source areas belonging to the Axial and the North Pyrenean Zone and providing new insights into the response of the heavy-mineral suites to sediment recycling. Furthermore, we assess the degree of diagenetic overprint vs. provenance signals and infer that the loss of unstable heavy minerals due intrastratal dissolution is negligible at least in the Peña Oroel and San Juan de la Peña sections. Finally, we provide new evidence to the idea that during the late Eocene the water divide of the transverse drainage system was located in the North Pyrenean Zone, and areas constituted by the Paleozoic basement were exposed in the west-Central Pyrenees at that time. Our findings provide new insights into the heavy-mineral response in recycled foreland basins adjacent to fold-and-thrust belts.
33
Raina, A., and Hishmi Hussain. "Sand and clay mineralogy of soils of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-s3ny24.
Full textAbstract:
Fine sand and clay mineralogy of selected horizons of forest soils representing various landforms of Maldeota, Satengal and Dhanaulti areas of Raipur and Jaunpur ranges of Mussoorie forest division of Garhwal Himalaya were investigated. Light minerals constituted more than 80 percent of total fine sand fractions and consisted of quartz, feldspar and mica in order of their abundance. Heavy minerals occurred in minute amounts and constitute 20 percent of the minerals and were dominated by opaque minerals followed by biotite, chlorite, chloritized mica, zircon, garnet, hornblende, tourmaline, rutile etc. Quartz is the dominant mineral in Maldeota and Satengal sites followed by Dhanaulti while feldspar and mica are abundant in Dhanaulti followed by Maldeota and Satengal. Among the heavy minerals opaque minerals, biotite and calcite are present in appreciable quantity in all the three sites viz. Maldeoata, Satengal and Dhanaulti. The other heavy minerals are present in small quantities at all the three sites. The clay fractions from the soils of Maldeota are characterized by illite as the dominant clay mineral associated with kaolinite, chlorite, vermiculite and quartz. The clays from Satengal contained mixture of illite as dominant mineral followed by mica, mixed layer minerals, vermiculite, chlorite and quartz. The soil clays from Dhanaulti indicates the presence of illite, muscovite, kaolinite, mixed layer minerals, chlorite and small traces of vermiculite, calcite and quartz. Differences in mineralogical make up were mostly associated with nature and composition of parent material and degree of weathering. The study, therefore, suggests that soils of the study area contained low to moderate amount of weatherable minerals indicating their podzolic nature.
34
Moustafa, M. I., M. A. Tashkandi, and A. M. El-Sherif. "Detecting Mineral Resources and Suggesting a Physical Concentration Flowsheet for Economic Minerals at the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 8617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4894.
Full textAbstract:
There is a limited number of studies on sand deposit resources of Saudi Arabia, which cover nearly the one-third of the area of the country, whereas most of these studies deal with the environmental rather than the mineralogical or mining aspects. In this paper, and in the effort to detect the mineral resources of the Northern Border Region, the surficial Wadi sediments along the Ar'ar-Sakaka road are studied. The deposits of several Wadies (Al Aqra, Shiban al Hanzaliyat, and Arar) are mixed. The sediments of the collected samples are investigated to determine definite areas characterized by a relatively higher content of heavy minerals and a relatively lower content of carbonate minerals that are also friable enough to be investigated by some of the available physical concentration techniques. A large quantity of the surficial deposits, weighing 4.69 tons was collected from the stretch at the investigated area which is 3km long and 1.5km wide. Evaluation of the heavy minerals content, their types, and their ability for concentration and separation, was conducted. A suggested physical concentration flowsheet was concluded for concentrating and separating the contained economic minerals. The average heavy mineral content is 1.55 wt% and the identified economic minerals are magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, goethite, zircon, rutile, anatase, monazite, and xenotime. The other contained heavy minerals include monoclinic pyroxenes (diopside, and augite), monoclinic amphibole (winchite), and muscovite mica. Dolomite and calcite carbonate are also contained. The concluding results ensure that magnetite, zircon, TiO2 minerals, and monazite are mineable for separation in individual mineral concentrates. Most of the detected economic minerals are recorded in the area for the first time. Monazite, xenotime, and zircon are responsible for some recorded radioactivity in the area.
35
Chittleborough, D. J., M. S. Tejan-Kella, and R. W. Fitzpatrick. "Genesis of podzols on coastal dunes in southern Queensland. V. Chemistry and mineralogy of the non-opaque heavy mineral fraction." Soil Research 36, no. 4 (1998): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97041.
Full textAbstract:
Eight podzols on coastal dunes from the Cooloola chronosequence, and an associated pedon from North Stradbroke Island (Amity), were studied to establish (i) the degree of homogeneity of the parent material between and within profiles, (ii) the extent of heavy mineral weathering, and (iii) whether the parent sediments of each pedon had a common proximate source. The pedons are Quartzipsamments and Troporthods with ages ranging from Holocene to Pleistocene. On the basis of ratios zircon : rutile, zirconium : titanium, and non-magnetic : very magnetic heavy minerals in the fine sand fraction (53–125 µm), we concluded that the parent materials of the Cooloola pedons were mineralogically similar. By using zirconium in the non magnetic heavy mineral fraction as an index for zircon, it is evident that there has been considerable pedogenetic weathering of the heavy mineral fraction. There is a statistically insignificant difference in hafnium concentrations of zircons which implies that parent sediments of the soils at Cooloola and North Stradbroke Island were derived from a common immediate source.
36
Andò, Sergio, and Eduardo Garzanti. "Raman spectroscopy in heavy-mineral studies." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 386, no. 1 (June 20, 2013): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp386.2.
Full text
37
Lukuttsova, N. P., S. N. Golovin, and P. A. Artamonov. "Heavy concrete with mineral additive tripoli." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 687 (December 10, 2019): 022033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/687/2/022033.
Full text
38
Berquist, C. R., and C. H. Hobbs. "Heavy mineral potential of offshore Virginia." Marine Geology 90, no. 1-2 (November 1989): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90116-3.
Full text
39
Chmielowska, Dorota, and Dorota Salata. "Heavy Minerals as Indicators of the Source and Stratigraphic Position of the Loess-Like Deposits in the Orava Basin (Polish Western Carpathians)." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050445.
Full textAbstract:
This study is focused on the loess-like deposits accumulated on glaciofluvial fans of the Czarny Dunajec River in the Orava Basin (Southern Poland). The deposition of these sediments took place during three cold intervals of the Pleistocene: Würm, Riss, and Günz/Mindel. So far, the provenance and age of the deposits has not been precisely defined, even though the development of each fan is believed to be related to the successive glacial periods in the Tatra Mountains. Heavy minerals were studied to determine the source of the deposits. Heavy mineral analyses revealed that zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet, amphibole, epidote, and apatite are the typical constituents of the heavy mineral fraction. Abundances of heavy minerals differ in each of the Pleistocene fans of the Czarny Dunajec River, especially the amphibole content. However, the chemical composition of garnet, amphibole, and tourmaline is rather uniform. This research showed that mainly medium-grade metamorphic rocks with a subordinate share of high-grade metamorphics, and granitic rocks are the dominant source rocks of the deposits studied. Such rocks are exposed in the Western Tatra Mountains, which most probably supplied the Orava Basin with clastic material. Change in abundances of heavy minerals in the succession may reflect the progressive erosion of the source area. Grain-size distribution and textural features of the sampled sediments suggest fluvial and aeolian modes of transportation. Additionally, this study indicated that heavy minerals may be used to correlate the loess covers in the Orava Basin.
40
FAUPL, P., A. PAVLOPOULOS, U. KLÖTZLI, and K. PETRAKAKIS. "On the provenance of mid-Cretaceous turbidites of the Pindos zone (Greece): implications from heavy mineral distribution, detrital zircon ages and chrome spinel chemistry." Geological Magazine 143, no. 3 (April 6, 2006): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680600197x.
Full textAbstract:
Two heavy mineral populations characterize the siliciclastic material of the mid-Cretaceous turbidites of the Katafito Formation (‘First Flysch’) of the Pindos zone: a stable, zircon-rich group and an ophiolite-derived, chrome spinel-rich one. U/Pb and Pb/Pb dating on magmatic zircons from the stable heavy mineral group clearly illustrate the existence of Variscan magmatic complexes in the source terrain, but also provide evidence for magmatism as old as Precambrian. Based on microprobe analyses, the chrome spinel detritus was predominantly supplied from peridotites of mid-ocean ridge as well as suprasubduction zone origin. A small volcanic spinel population was mainly derived from MORB and back-arc basin basalts. The lithological variability of the mid-Cretaceous ophiolite bodies, based on spinel chemistry, is much broader than that of ophiolite complexes presently exposed in the Hellenides. The chrome spinel detritus compares closely with that from the Outer and Inner Dinarides. The source terrain of the ophiolite-derived heavy minerals was situated in a more internal palaeogeographic position than that of the Pindos zone. The zircon-rich heavy mineral group could have had either an external and/or an internal source, but the chrome spinel constantly accompanying the stable mineral detritus seems to be more indicative of an internal source terrain.
41
Morrow, J. R., and G. D. Webster. "A cryogenic density separation technique for conodont and heavy mineral separations." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 6 (November 1989): 953–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036702.
Full textAbstract:
Procedures for the use of the nontoxic sodium polytungstate for heavy mineral separations in the study of conodonts or heavy minerals have been described by Callahan (1987), Krukowski (1988), and Savage (1988). These procedures are rapidly being adapted in industrial and university laboratories because they are easy to apply, provide excellent results, and avoid the potential toxicity of most heavy mineral separation mediums. However, the settling time required for most described techniques using sodium polytungstate solution (sp. gr. 1.0-3.1 gcm-3) is considerable and most of the fluid is not immediately reusable. Thus, large quantities of this expensive fluid are required to process multiple samples. Merrill (1987) described the cryogenic density separation of conodonts, noting the rapidity of the technique. The purpose of this paper is to describe modifications of the cryogenic technique. These modifications allow immediate reuse of unwashed portions (80-95 percent per sample) of the heavy medium (thus requiring smaller amounts of the heavy fluid) and increase the rapidity of the technique, especially when separating larger samples (7-25 g).
42
Wachecka-Kotkowska, Lucyna, and Małgorzata Ludwikowska-Kędzia. "Heavy–mineral assemblages from fluvial Pleniglacial deposits of the Piotrków Plateau and the Holy Cross Mountains – a comparative study." Geologos 19, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2013): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2013-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The heavy-mineral assemblages of Pleniglacial fluvial sediments were analysed for two river valleys, viz. the Luciąża River (at Kłudzice Nowe) and the Belnianka River (at Słopiec). These sites, on the Piotrków Plateau and in the Holy Cross Mountains respectively, are located in different morphogenetic zones of Poland that were affected to different degrees by the Middle Polish ice sheets. The study was aimed at determining the kind of processes that modified the heavy-mineral assemblages in the two fluvial sediments, at reconstructing the conditions under which these processes took place, and in how far these processes caused changes in the assemblages. The heavy-mineral associations of the parent material was taken as a starting point; this parent material were the sediments left by the Odranian glaciation (Warta stadial = Late Saalian). It was found that heavy-mineral assemblages in the Luciąża valley deposits are varied, particularly if compared with other fluvioglacial Quaternary deposits from the Polish lowlands, with a dominance of garnet. In the fluvial deposits of the Belnianka valley, zircon, staurolite and tourmaline dominate, with minor amounts of amphibole, pyroxene, biotite and garnet. This suggests that the deposits were subject to intensive and/or persistent chemical weathering and underwent several sedimentation/erosion cycles under periglacial conditions. In both valleys chemical weathering and aeolian processes were the main factors that modified the assemblages of the transparent heavy minerals; these processes were largely controlled by the climatic changes during the Pleistocene.
43
Hagedorn, E. M., and W. Boenigk. "The Pliocene and Quaternary sedimentary and fluvial history in the Upper Rhine Graben based on heavy mineral analyses." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 87, no. 1 (March 2008): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460002401x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Pliocene and Quaternary unconsolidated sediments of the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) were petrographically analysed in numerous high quality drill cores. The heavy mineral composition of the Graben sediments was compared to those from the Graben margins. In addition, the sedimentary lithofacies were investigated. The chronological classification of the sedimentary successions was established by the interpretation of sporadic palaeontological and palaeomagnetic data.Within the Pliocene sediments, two distinguishable heavy mineral assemblages indicate different source areas of the Graben fill. At first, a heavy mineral assemblage of stable minerals (turmaline, zircon and anatase) indicates a contribution of debris supplied from Buntsandstein areas at the Graben margins. Secondly, a mixed association of stable minerals in combination with unstable (garnet, hornblende, less epidote) and distinct rare minerals (e.g. monazite, xenotime) can be traced back to debris derived from the crystalline rocks of the southern Graben margins (Black Forest, Vosges). The distribution of sediments with this mixed heavy mineral assemblage proves the fluvial sediment transport from south to north and therefore the course of the Pliocene proto-Rhine along the Graben.The correlation between the Quaternary sediment successions in the south and the north of the Graben is problematic due to their variable thicknesses as well as their changing lithofacies.In the southern URG, the Quaternary strata could be subdivided into the older Breisgau Formation and the younger Neuenburg Formation based on characteristic lithofacies. Within this succession, the lower part of the Breisgau Formation (lower Breisgau beds) can be distinguished by noticeable lower contents of hornblende, which probably reflects the effects of weathering and solution of these unstable minerals due to repeated discontinuities during the sediment accumulation. The sediments of the upper part of the Breisgau Formation (upper Breisgau beds) and of the Neuenburg Formation contain a heavy mineral assemblage of garnet, epidote and hornblende, which is typical for Rhine deposits with Alpine contribution. This probably unaffected composition indicates a more unvaried and rapid accumulation of predominantly Alpine debris. In the northern URG, the Quaternary strata are subdivided into three aquifers and intercalated fine-grained horizons. Here, the Quaternary sediments can be petrographically classified into Rhine deposits (garnet, epidote and hornblende) and local accumulations contributed from the Graben margins (turmaline, zircon and anatase) without contemporaneous influence of the Rhine. The analytical results obtained from several drill cores in the northern URG provide evidence for the spatial and temporal variability of the course of the Rhine during the Quaternary.
44
Wiśniewska, Małgorzata, Gracja Fijałkowska, Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz, Karolina Herda, and Stanisław Chibowski. "Ionic Polyacrylamides as Stability-Modifying Substances of Soil Mineral Suspensions Containing Heavy Metal Impurities." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081473.
Full textAbstract:
The accumulation of heavy metal in soils is a serious environmental problem. The aim of this paper was to compare the adsorption mechanism of ionic polyacrylamides (PAMs)—anionic and cationic with different contents of functional groups, on the surface of clay minerals—montmorillonite (type 2:1) and kaolinite (type 1:1), without and with the presence of heavy metal ions (Cr(VI) or Pb(II)). The dependence of solution pH, structure of mineral, type of PAM, ionic form of heavy metal, as well as order of adsorbates addition on the adsorption efficiency and stability of the clay mineral-polymer-heavy metal system was determined. In addition to adsorption and stability studies, electrokinetic and potentiometric titration measurements were performed. It was shown that the mixed PAM+heavy metal adsorption layers modify the surface properties of clay minerals significantly, which in many cases leads to the effective destabilization of the solid suspension and its separation from the liquid phase. Moreover, the most important factor, which influences the adsorbed amount of ionic polyacrylamide, turned out to be the internal structure of layered aluminosilicates and the presence of inter-package spaces capable of adsorbate molecules accumulating. For this reason the obtained adsorption capacity of montmorillonite is about 100 times higher in comparison to kaolinite.
45
Yurgenson, G. A. "Rare-earth elements in the ore of the Bukukinskoye tungsten deposit (the Eastern Transbaikalia)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 21, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-1-90-102.
Full textAbstract:
Research subject. This study investigated the mineral association of quartz-wolframite veins of the Bukukinskoye tungsten deposit, with a particular focus on the content of rare-earth elements and their carrier minerals, their chemical composition and the distribution of light and heavy lanthanides. Materials and methods. The chemical composition of two groups of samples containing different ore minerals, as well as the mineral composition of ores was investigated on 143 samples in thin and polished sections using an AXIO ScopeAI optical polarizing microscope and a LEO 1430 VP scanning electron microscope. Chemical examination of ores was carried out using the ISP MS method. Results. The study of the chemical composition of group samples determined that the content and distribution of REE, the ratio of light and heavy lanthanides in ores depends on the ratio of wolframite and other ore minerals, associated with fluorite and apatite. The main REE concentrator mineral in the wolframite-sulfide-quartz ores of the Bukukinskoye deposit is monazite-(Ce) containing (wt %) Ce (27.09–31.59) La (13.13–17.67), Nd (5.59–10.26), Pr (up to 2.86), Sm (up to 1.14), Th (up to 6.59). Conclusion. The obtained results confirmed our earlier findings for the wolframite of the Sherlova Gora that an increase in the concentration coefficient of heavy lanthanides depends on a decrease in their ionic radius. The contents, mineral forms and ratios of REE of the cerium and yttrium groups in the ore of the Bukukinskоyе deposit can be typochemical signs of greisen tungsten deposits, thus being useful for typification of ore formation in geological forecasting and prospecting.
46
Kılıç Altun, Serap, and Mehmet Emin Aydemir. "Determination of some minerals and heavy metal levels in Urfa cheese and cow's milk." Food and Health 7, no. 3 (2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh21020.
Full textAbstract:
This research was carried out to determine the levels of some minerals and heavy metals in Urfa cheeses and cow's milk offered for sale in Şanlıurfa. Mineral and heavy metal levels were determined by analysing 18 Urfa cheese and 21 cow milk samples collected from retail outlets with ICP-MS. Mean mineral and heavy metal contents in Urfa cheese samples were; magnesium (Mg) 129.8 ±31.14 mg/kg, calcium (Ca) 2712.66 ±1002.4 mg/kg, potassium (K) 272.06 ±127.21 mg/kg, titanium (Ti) 7.48 ±2.63 mg/kg, zinc (Zn) 40.4 ±16.33 mg/kg, selenium (Se) 10.6 ±3.51 mg/kg. In cow milk samples, average selenium (Se) 0.22 ±0.04 mg/kg, titanium (Ti) 0.07 ±0.009, mg/kg, copper (Cu) 0.0068 ±0.01 mg/kg and chromium (Cr) was detected at the level of 0.019 ±0.001 mg/kg. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and thallium (Tl) levels were below the detectable levels in Urfa cheese and cow's milk samples. As a result, it was concluded that the samples do not pose a significant danger to public health in terms of heavy metal pollution and can contribute significantly to nutrition with the mineral substances it contains.
47
Hussain, Mahbub, Lameed O. Babalola, and Mustafa M. Hariri. "Heavy minerals in the Wajid Sandstone from Abha-Khamis Mushayt area, southwestern Saudi Arabia: implications on provenance and regional tectonic setting." GeoArabia 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 77–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia090477.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The Wajid Sandstone (Ordovician-Permian) as exposed along the road-cut sections of the Abha and Khamis Mushayt areas in southwestern Saudi Arabia, is a mediun to coarse-grained, mineralogically mature quartz arenite with an average quartz content of over 95%. Monocrystalline quartz is the dominant framework grain followed by polycrystalline quartz, feldspar and micas. The non-opaque heavy mineral assemblage of the sandstone is dominated by zircon, tourmaline and rutile (ZTR). Additional heavy minerals, constituting a very minor fraction of the heavies, include epidote, hornblende, and kyanite. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between zircon, tourmaline, rutile, epidote and hornblende. Principal component R-mode varimax factor analysis of the heavy mineral distribution data shows two strong associations: (1) tourmaline, zircon, rutile, and (2) epidote and hornblende suggesting several likely provenances including igneous, recycled sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. However, an abundance of the ZTR minerals favors a recycled sedimentary source over other possibilities. Mineralogical maturity coupled with characteristic heavy mineral associations, consistent north-directed paleoflow evidence, and the tectonic evolutionary history of the region indicate a provenance south of the study area. The most likely provenances of the lower part (Dibsiyah and Khusayyan members) of the Wajid Sandstone are the Neoproterozoic Afif, Abas, Al-Bayda, Al-Mahfid, and Al-Mukalla terranes, and older recycled sediments of the infra-Cambrian Ghabar Group in Yemen to the south. Because Neoproterozic (650-542 Ma) rocks are not widespread in Somalia, Eritrea and Ethiopia, a significant source further to the south is not likely. The dominance of the ultrastable minerals zircon, tourmaline and rutile and apparent absence of metastable, labile minerals in the heavy mineral suite preclude the exposed arc-derived oceanic terrains of the Arabian Shield in the west and north as a significant contributor of the sandstone. An abundance of finer-grained siliciclastic sequences of the same age in the north, is consistent with a northerly transport direction and the existence of a deeper basin (Tabuk Basin?) to the north. The tectonic and depositional model presented in this paper differs from the existing model that envisages sediment transportation and gradual basin filling from west to east during the Paleozoic.
48
Elsayed, Omnia, Nahla Abd El Ghaffar, Abdel Moneim Mahmoud, and Ismail Ismail. "Significant Enrichment of Rare Earth Element Concentrations in Stream Sediments of Sharm El-Sheikh Area, Southern Sinai-Egypt: Geochemical Prospecting and Heavy Mineral Survey." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1B (February 28, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1b.1ms-2023-2-9.
Full textAbstract:
Economic rare earth element bearing-heavy mineral accommodation in alluvial deposits (stream sediments) is a well-known process caused by varying rates of weathering and transportation of heavy minerals and sediments, which is significant in geochemical exploration. In the present work, stream sediment samples from Wadi Lethi, Sharm El-Sheikh, were systematically collected. The collected stream sediments were investigated mineralogically and geochemically using collaborative techniques. The separated heavy fractions have been analyzed for trace elements and Rare Earth Element. Important heavy minerals identified are monazite, sphene, apatite, garnet, xenotime, magnetite, ilmenite, and hematite, with subordinate riebeckite, epidote, and chlorite. Geochemical analyses of the separated heavy minerals revealed an abnormal concentration of total Rare Earth Element that was more than eleven times higher than in the studied area's granitic rocks. The Rare Earth Elements trends of these minerals depict the enrichment of light rare earth elements and the depletion of heavy rare earth elements, as well as the typical negative Eu anomaly found in granitic magma.
49
Fawzy, Mona M., Mohamed S. Kamar, and Gehad M. Saleh. "Physical processing for polymetallic mineralization of Abu Rusheid mylonitic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 12, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2021.00200.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this study, the mineralogical content of Abu Rusheid mylonite sample was investigated and revealed that the sample is essentially composed of quartz and feldspar (72.14% mass), muscovite (16.6% mass), and contains heavy economic polymetallic minerals of about 2.65% by mass. By studying the differences in the physical properties of this mineral content, a proposed flow sheet was set up to explain the successive physical upgrading steps for concentrating and separating the valuable minerals content and getting rid of the associated gangue minerals. Industrial, economic and strategic polymetallic minerals were identified at Abu Rusheid mylonite sample, including cassiterite, titanite, brass, kasolite, monazite, and uranothorite. A group of sulfide minerals also existed as pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and molybdenite in addition to the presence of fluorite and iron oxides bearing rare earth elements (REEs) and base metals. Using dry high intensity magnetic separation followed by wet gravity separation and flotation, three concentrates were obtained; heavy paramagnetic concentrate (monazite, columbite, brass, and jarosite), heavy diamagnetic concentrate (zircon, kasolite, uranothorite, cassiterite, and sulphide minerals) and muscovite concentrate for industrial uses. Physical processing of Abu Rusheid mylonite sample was carried out to produce high grade mineral concentrate used as a raw material for chemical treatment to extract economic elements that necessary for several industries.
50
Amidžić Klarić, D., I. Klarić, D. Velić, and I. Vedrina Dragojević. "Evaluation of mineral and heavy metal contents in Croatian blackberry wines." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 3 (May 13, 2011): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/132/2009-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
The mineral and heavy metal contents in 17 commercially available Croatian blackberry wines were determined by FAAS/FAES and GFAAS. The concentrations of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, chromium, and cadmium were between (in mg/l) 924–1507, 11.81–120.10, 86.4–457.1, 183.4–381.2, 0.082–6.273, 0.058–0.767, 1.47–11.53, 0.247–6.645, and (in µg/l) 3.21–11.89, 10.08–15.88, and 0.55–9.9, respectively. A negative correlation was found between the concentrations of macro (Mg) and micro (Fe) minerals. Furthermore, positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of manganese, cadmium, and cobalt that indicated the origin of these elements in the anthropogenic source. Multivariate analyses (PCA/LDA) showed that the distinct patterns of the metal contents in blackberry wines could be identified with quite satisfactory accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) with the subregion of the origin. In regard to the results obtained, Croatian blackberry wines could be considered as safe from the health risk point of view and as a good additional source of the essential nutrients investigated such as manganese, magnesium, and potassium.